Search

Découvrez enfin tout ce qu'il faut savoir sur la guerre de Cent Ans en moins d'une heure!Célèbre conflit du Moyen Âge, la guerre de Cent Ans voit s'opposer les royaumes de France et d'Angleterre. Si elle débute à la suite d'une querelle dynastique visant la couronne française, l'enjeu est bien plus important que cela. Il s'agit en fait de s'octroyer la domination politique et économique sur l'Europe occidentale. Pendant un siècle, Français et Anglais combattront l'un contre l'autre dans des batailles restées mythiques, telles que notamment la bataille d'Azincourt. Ce livre vous permettra d'en savoir plus sur : • Le contexte de l'époque • Les acteurs majeurs du conflit • Le déroulement de la guerre de Cent Ans • Les raisons de la victoire française • Les répercussions de la guerreLe mot de l'éditeur :« Dans ce numéro de la collection « 50MINUTES|Grandes Batailles », Marie Fauré nous plonge au cœur de la guerre de Cent Ans. Capitale à bien des égards, elle fait entrer la France et l'Angleterre dans l'ère moderne et est à l'origine de la naissance d'un sentiment national jusque-là inexistant. » Stéphanie DagrainÀ PROPOS DE LA SÉRIE 50MINUTES | Grandes BataillesLa série « Grandes Batailles » de la collection « 50MINUTES » aborde plus de cinquante conflits qui ont bouleversé notre histoire. Chaque livre a été pensé pour les lecteurs curieux qui veulent tout savoir sur une bataille, tout en allant à l'essentiel, et ce en moins d'une heure. Nos auteurs combinent les faits, les analyses et les nouvelles perspectives pour rendre accessibles des siècles d'histoire.

Découvrez enfin tout ce qu'il faut savoir sur Jeanne d'Arc en moins d'une heure!Dans une France déchirée par la guerre de Cent Ans, une jeune femme âgée de 17 ans est convaincue de pouvoir sauver la destinée de la France. Poussée par les voix qu'elle entend, elle convainc le dauphin Charles de lui confier une armée afin qu'elle lève le siège d'Orléans et fasse de lui un roi. Déterminée et animée d'une fougue sans pareil, elle entreprend un long périple qui la verra réaliser ses missions divines. Mais, alors qu'elle se trouve à Compiègne, elle est capturée par le clan des Bourguignons. Vendue aux Anglais, la jeune femme est injustement condamnée pour hérésie et sorcellerie. Son destin vient de basculer. Ce livre vous permettra d'en savoir plus sur : • La vie de Jeanne d'Arc • Le contexte de l'époque • Les temps forts de la vie de Jeanne d'Arc • Les répercussions de ses actionsLe mot de l'éditeur :« Dans ce numéro de la collection 50MINUTES Grandes Personnalités, Benoît-J. Pédretti nous plonge au cœur de l'une des plus incroyables épopées du Moyen Âge. Devenue aujourd'hui une héroïne mythique, Jeanne d'Arc ne cesse de nous fasciner. Si elle est sans conteste l'un des personnages les plus connus de l'histoire du Moyen Âge en Europe, il n'en demeure pas moins que sa vie regorge de mystères que notre auteur tente de dévoiler. » Stéphanie DagrainÀ PROPOS DE LA SÉRIE 50MINUTES | Grandes PersonnalitésLa série Grandes Personnalités de la collection « 50MINUTES » présente plus de cinquante hommes et femmes qui ont marqué l'histoire d'une manière ou d'une autre. Chaque livre a été pensé pour les lecteurs curieux qui veulent faire le tour d'un sujet précis, tout en allant à l'essentiel, et ce en moins d'une heure. Nos auteurs combinent les faits historiques, les analyses et les nouvelles perspectives pour rendre accessibles des siècles d'histoire.

La Generalitat Valenciana de l'època foral no va ser un'unicum'en la història europea. Institucions més o menys semblants van funcionar entre el segles XIV i XVIII en altres indrets del continent, especialment al si d'aquelles monarquies que, en comptes de seguir la via de l'absolutisme, es van veure obligades a mantenir els organismes representatius que feien contrapès al seu poder –corts, parlaments o estats generals. Hi hagué assemblees representatives fins i tot a països on triomfà la centralització extrema al voltant del monarca, com França o Castella, però el seu pes va anar minvant al llarg del temps, mentre que a la Corona d'Aragó, tant als seus estats ibèrics com als italians; als territoris vassalls dels ducs de Borgonya, inclosos els Països Baixos; a regions de França que havien format part durant molt de temps de l'Imperi Germànic, com la Provença; a la mateixa Anglaterra; a certes regions d'Itàlia; a Navarra, o a la Confederació Helvètica, la tradició'pactista'–que no hem de confondre amb'democràtica', però que permetia major implicació de la societat, o almenys dels grups privilegiats, en la gran política– va durar molt més. En moltes d'aquestes regions, aquells grups van aconseguir fer un pas més en el control dels impostos que ells mateixos havien votat: van generar diputacions permanents que en gestionaven la recaptació i fins i tot les despeses a què s'havien de destinar. Algunes d'aquestes'diputacions'acabaren també per adquirir noves competències i una certa càrrega simbòlica que les convertirien, d'alguna manera, en la'veu'dels seus estats.

Medieval Work, Worship, and Power: Persuasive and Silenced Voices celebrates Sharon Farmer's significant contributions to the fields of medieval European social, religious, gender, environmental, labor, and interfaith history.This volume explores and builds on Farmer's influence through 20 chapters organized across five intersecting topics that capture, chronologically, topically, and theoretically, the scope and trajectory of Farmer's work. These are (1) Saints, Power, and Piety; (2) Gendered Work; (3) Gender and Resource Management; (4) Women's Agency and Networks; and (5) Interfaith Tensions and Encounters. At the same time, the chapters themselves reflect the ways in which these fields of inquiry are intertwined, many drawing inspiration from the multiple themes that Farmer has explored. Beyond paying homage to a dedicated and influential scholar, mentor, and teacher, this volume represents current and future directions in the field of medieval history, and how scholars are engaging with unexpected sources and interpreting more familiar sources in new, interdisciplinary ways.The volume will appeal to medievalists and early modernists interested in how religion, gender, and status shape human connections to each other and their environment. More broadly, it will also be of interest to scholars interested in historical methods.

L'état des personnes, et surtout les formes de la propriété, ont été fixés au début du moyen-âge d'une façon qui ne demeura pas invariable, qui au contraire ne cessa de se modifier avec les années, mais qui partout subsista dans ses grandes lignes, comme un squelette, comme une carcasse vidée, toujours debout cependant. De sorte que l'on ne pourrait étudier la propriété foncière dans les temps modernes, ceux qui la possèdent et ceux qui la font valoir, sans connaître les origines des règles auxquelles ils sont soumis et des lois qui les régissent... La plus grande des révolutions physiques et intellectuelles, dans le passage des temps féodaux aux temps modernes, c'est le changement de point de vue et d'appréciation : 1) sur les choses qui peuvent être possédées ; 2) sur les formes et les degrés de la possession. Tout ce qui concerne la propriété étant convention, chaque peuple, chaque temps a droit d'avoir la sienne ; il a également droit de trouver bizarre celle des autres. Les gens du XIIe siècle estimaient que la personne humaine est une marchandise, ils n'estimaient pas que l'argent en lût une. Ils proscrivaient le commerce des métaux précieux, ils admettaient le commerce des hommes. Les vertueux scrupules qui les empêchaient de tirer un revenu de leurs capitaux mobiliers, — il n'en allait pas de même de leurs capitaux fonciers, — ne paralysaient nullement la conclusion de marchés de toutes sortes dont leurs frères et sœurs en Jésus-Christ étaient l'objet. De là le servage, les hommes et femmes « de corps » et le cortège des droits, perceptions et produits variés que l'on retirait d'eux ; propriété d'une espèce depuis longtemps abolie, mais qui entre pour une part notable dans la fortune privée au moyen-âge.À PROPOS DE L'AUTEUR Le vicomte Georges d'Avenel (1855-1939) était un historien et économiste français spécialisé dans l'histoire économique. Haut fonctionnaire, il démissionne en 1879 avant de se consacrer à l'édition et à la recherche. Son œuvre majeure,'Histoire économique de la propriété, des salaires et des prix'(1894-1926), fut pionnière mais controversée. Malgré de nombreuses candidatures, il ne fut jamais élu à l'Académie française.

This volume explores the topics of military revolutions, strategy, and tactics both separately and as they relate to each other. It makes important contributions to understanding European warfare in the Early, High, and especially the Late Middle Ages, as well the military transition to the Early Modern Period.Readers will find detailed analysis of how technological and non-technological developments interacted to effect major changes in how wars were fought across the period. The evolution and capabilities of the English longbow and of early gunpowder artillery are examined in depth. Changes in the tools of war naturally affected plans to employ those tools to achieve political ends – military strategy – but strategy was never dictated by technology. That point is illustrated by examinations of English efforts to conquer Wales; the Anglo-Burgundian alliance of the late Hundred Years War; and the economic factors shaping medieval conquests in general.The nine studies in the volume have all been published previously, but a new introduction shows how they fit together, particularly explaining how they collectively rebut common critiques of Rogers's controversial thesis that European warfare was reshaped by the Infantry and Artillery Revolutions during the era of the Hundred Years War. Two of the chapters have been substantially expanded, so that the versions printed here should be the ones consulted and cited in the future by scholars of medieval warfare and military revolutions.

An Open Access edition will be available on publication thanks to generous funding from the Arts and Humanities Research Council; the University of Leeds; Drury University; Northwestern University; the University of Neuchâtel; and the Fondation pour la Protection du Patrimoine Culturel, Historique et Artisanal (Switzerland). This Casebook features the work of an international, interdisciplinary research group entitled ‘The Joust as Performance: Pas d'armes and Late Medieval Chivalry'and funded by the UK's Arts and Humanities Research Council. Its focus is on the pas d'armes (English: ‘passage of arms'), a highly ritualised form of tournament and elite entertainment that was popular principally in Anjou, the Burgundian lands, France and Iberia in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Part I of the volume provides a representative selection of sixteen translated and contextualised sources on the pas d'armes that includes narrative texts, administrative accounts and illuminated images. Part II, which comprises seven new scholarly essays on the pas d'armes, addresses the issue of how this type of tournament evolved through cultural transfer from court to court, offers in-depth analyses of a chronological and geographical range of pas d'armes from the perspective of text-image relations, heraldry, urban-court relations and manuscript commissioning, and focuses on broader themes such as the construction of masculinity and the representation of chivalric and non-chivalric bodies at these events. The Casebook also provides a map and table of all such tournaments known to have taken place between c. 1420 and c. 1520, some of which have been identified for the first time as pas d'armes, as well as a glossary of arms and armour, clothing and textiles typically featured at this type of event. It will be of interest to both specialist scholars and students of late medieval chivalric and tournament culture.

The relationship between rulers and their subjects is always channelled by emotion. This volume explores the specific tones this relationship took on in the Middle Ages, as well as their accordance with a concept of power based ultimately on agreement, an inclination to visualise emotions, a social pedagogy based on fear, and a religious ideology which placed humanity between divine order and divine wrath. It also examines the emotive models used to rule society and deal with conflicts. Together, the contributions in this book demonstrate how our understanding of late medieval society can be enhanced by recognising the emotional strategies present in the game of power and how they were used to build authority. Contributors are: Alexandru Stefan Anca, Attila Bárány, Ulrike Becker, Luciano Gallinari, Sari Katajala-Peltomaa, Vinni Lucherini, Esther Martí Sentañés, Francesc Massip, Rob Meens, Tamás Olbei, Bernard Ribémont, Flocel Sabaté, and Hans-Joachim Schmidt.

Aus Anlass des 1100. Jubiläums des Bonner Vertrags vom 7. November 921, im Rahmen dessen sich der westfränkische König Karl III. und der ostfränkische König Heinrich I. auf dem Rhein bei Bonn trafen, veranstalteten die Abteilungen für Geschichte der Frühen Neuzeit und Rheinische Landesgeschichte sowie für Mittelalterliche Geschichte des Instituts für Geschichtswissenschaft der Universität Bonn eine Tagung, deren Ergebnisse der vorliegende Band zusammenfasst. Die Beitragenden gehen von diesem speziellen Herrschertreffen aus, kontextualisieren es als eine Etappe des Zerfalls des fränkischen Großreichs und nehmen weitere vormoderne Gipfeltreffen interdisziplinär vergleichend in den Blick. Die Fallbeispiele erstrecken sich vom dritten vorchristlichen bis ins 17. nachchristliche Jahrhundert. This volume brings together the results of the conference held on the occasion of the 1100th anniversary of the Bonn Treaty of 7 November 921, during which the West Frankish King Charles III and the East Frankish King Henry I met on the Rhine near Bonn. The contributors take this particular meeting of rulers as their starting point, contextualise it as a stage in the disintegration of the Frankish empire and take an interdisciplinary, comparative look at other pre-modern summit meetings. The case studies range from the third pre-Christian to the 17th post-Christian century.

By encompassing the hagiographies of the first centuries, the most famous case of Joan of Arc, numerous chivalrous novels, and the overlooked accounts of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, this is the first study to consider cross-dressing for the entire medieval age.Cross-dressing is a thought-provoking practice in a world that, in theory, adheres to neat distinctions of the functions and attires of males and females in society; this volume demonstrates that only a long-term analysis can fully account for the phenomenon in its various facets. If dress is a gender marker, the argument that it also marks many other conditions beyond the man–woman binary cannot be ignored. There is a dress for the cleric and one for the layman; there is the dress of the rich and that of the poor. In some cases, these other binary distinctions are intertwined with that of sex and gender, and this intersectional perspective is developed through a wide range of sources read with philological rigour.The narrative style makes this book accessible to both students and general readers interested in the history of sexuality, gender history, and medieval studies.

Questo libro rappresenta in un certo senso una rivincita dell'«Histoire-bataille». Sarebbe tuttavia riduttivo limitarsi a questa considerazione superficiale. L'autore ha selezionato qui ventuno fatti d'arme cruciali. Scritti con il filtro della moderna sensibilità, i capitoli del libro permettono al lettore di ripercorrere più di mille anni di storia, cavalcando di campo di battaglia in campo di battaglia. Alberto Maria Pollastrini,'Alias – il manifesto'Federico Canaccini usa le date per raccontare cosa c'è stato prima e cosa è successo dopo. Le battaglie quindi non sono che il pretesto per riscrivere il Medioevo. Che non fu poi così buio come si pensa. Che non può essere compreso entro i confini della sola Europa. Pasquale Chessa,'Il Messaggero'Quando pensiamo al Medioevo ci vengono in mente immagini di spade, castelli e armature. Quasi ogni cosa che ricordiamo di questo periodo storico ha a che fare con battaglie, duelli o assedi. Mai come nei mille anni dell'Età di Mezzo, la guerra ha occupato uno spazio così centrale nella vita degli uomini. Un nuovo racconto del Medioevo in 21 battaglie fatali che ne hanno deciso la storia.

Unlibro queechapor tierradieztópicossobre laEdad Media ynosdescubreunaépocarica yvibrante. La Edad Media tiene mala fama. ¿Acaso no decimos «medieval» para referirnos a algo oscuro, primitivo o bárbaro? El historiador Martin Aurell empuña la alabarda para restaurar el honor de este periodo tan heterogéneo e injustamente tratado y que abarca un largo milenio, desde el siglo V hasta el XV. Rebatiendo diez grandes ideas preconcebidas una a una hasta derribarlas, presenta un magistral vademécum que destaca por su rigurosidad, su solidez y su ritmo narrativo. Solemos pensar que la Edad Media fue un tiempo misógino, intolerante, inculto, violento, sombrío, infecundo, opresor, xenófobo, tenebroso, ignorante, fanático... Pero ¿y si fuera, en muchos sentidos, más moderno que el siglo XXI? «La Edad Media no es un paréntesis mediocre entre dos periodos de paz y progreso. Tampoco es un tiempo exclusivamente alegre de fiesta incesante, guerra heroica y arquitectura innovadora. Como cualquier periodo de la historia humana, no es negro ni rosa y abarca todos los matices cromáticos. Pero ha tenido que soportar demasiadas acusaciones injustas».

Jeanne d'Arc, ein frommes, kriegerisches Bauernmädchen (1412–1431), ist Frankreichs Nationalheldin, weil sie die entscheidende Wende im Hundertjährigen Krieg gegen die Engländer brachte. Sie geriet in englische Gefangenschaft und wurde durch einen Inquisitionsprozess als Häretikerin zum Tod auf dem Scheiterhaufen verurteilt. 25 Jahre später wurde sie durch einen weiteren Inquisitionsprozess rehabilitiert. Diese Vorgänge und die Gestalt dieses Mädchens sind einzigartig in der Geschichte Europas. Wie kam es zu der Wende im Hundertjährigen Krieg? Wie stand es mit den Offenbarungen Gottes, auf die sich dieses Mädchen berief? Warum wurde sie von kirchlichen Gerichten zuerst zum Tod verurteilt und dann rehabilitiert? Und wie kam es zu ihrer Heiligsprechung 1920? Davon und von einigen Beispielen der literarischen Rezeption ihrer Gestalt handelt dieses Buch.

For his fifteenth-century followers, Jesus was everywhere – from baptism to bloodcults to bowling. This sweeping and unconventional investigation looks at Jesus across one hundred forty years of social, cultural, and intellectual history. Mystics married him, Renaissance artists painted him in three dimensions, Muslim poets praised his life-giving breath, and Christopher (“Christ-bearing”) Columbus brought the symbol of his cross to the Americas. Beyond the European periphery, this global study follows Jesus across – and sometimes between – religious boundaries, from Greenland to Kongo to China. Amidst this diversity, Jesus and the Making of the Modern Mind, 1380-1520 offers readers sympathetic and immersive insight into the religious realities of its subjects. To this end, this book identifies two perspectives: one uncovers hidden meanings and unexpected connections, while the other restricts Jesus to the space and time of human history. Minds that believed in Jesus, and those that opposed him, made use of both perspectives to make sense of their worlds. This book includes over one hundred images, tables and audio clips.

Insights from English and French writers on one of the most significant armed conflicts of the Middle AgesDocumentary sources for the Hundred Years War are many and varied, yet given the number that exist, comparatively few have been published, and even fewer translated. The contributors to this volume, celebrating the work of Professor Anne Curry, provide a wide selection of these sources, edited and translated, and accompanied with detailed analysis and commentaries, by experts in the field. They include contracts, inventories, letters of grace, depositions and wills, and shed new light across a range of themes, from recruitment, violence, ransoms and peace, to gunpowder, shipping, dress, and stray horses. An introductory essay gives a wider perspective on the sources for the Hundred Years War, taking a comparative view from both sides of the Channel.Chapter 8 is available as Open Access under the Creative Commons license CC BY−NC−ND. The Open Access version of this chapter was funded by The Arts and Humanities Research Council (grant number AH/S011765/1).

For the first time, this volume presents a geographically and phenomenologically broad range of case studies on late medieval changes of rule, from dynastic succession to conquest by force. The focus will be on the border regions of Latin Europe, political and cultural contact zones with distinctive dynamics. By presenting examples from the Canaries to Moscow and from Sicily to Norway, late medieval Europe will be covered in all its diversity.

Entre Hainaut et Cambrésis, c'est autour d'une prévôté bénédictine fondée au VIIe siècle que se développa le villaged'Haspres. Au Moyen Âge on y venait, nombreux, pour se recueillir devant les reliques de saint Hugues et de saint Achaire. Les têtes couronnées et les marchands y passaient aussi régulièrement, en empruntant le vieux chemin reliant Cambrai et Valenciennes.Au XVIIIe siècle, la disparition de la prévôté et la mise en service d'une nouvelle route longeant l'Escaut furent cause d'un lent déclin, qu'accélérèrent les difficultés industrielles de la région au XXe siècle.De par sa situation géographique, toujours à proximité d'une frontière et fréquemment sur la voie des invasions, Haspres ne cessa de subir les misères et les malheurs de la guerre.Á PROPOS DE L'AUTEURAncien élève de l'École Nationale d'Administration, vice-président de l'Académie des sciences, belles lettres et arts d'Angers, Gérard Lesage est inspecteur général honoraire de l'administration de l'éducation nationale et de la recherche. Originaire du nord de la France, il a écrit divers articles et publié plusieurs ouvrages ayant trait au passé de cette région.

“A joy to read…one of the most entertaining popular history books published in recent years” (Dan Jones, Sunday Times), this is the definitive history of the Capetians, the crusading dynasty that made the French crown the wealthiest and most powerful in medieval Europe and forged France as we know it today In House of Lilies, historian Justine Firnhaber-Baker tells the epic story of the Capetian dynasty of medieval France, showing how their ideas about power, religion, and identity continue to shape European society and politics today. Reigning from 987 to 1328, the Capetians became the most powerful monarchy of the Middle Ages. Consolidating a fragmented realm that eventually stretched from the Rhône to the Pyrenees, they were the first royal house to adopt the fleur-de-lys, displaying this lily emblem to signify their divine favor and legitimate their rule. The Capetians were at the center of some of the most dramatic and far-reaching episodes in European history, including the Crusades, bloody waves of religious persecution, and a series of wars with England. The Capetian age saw the emergence of Gothic architecture, the romantic ideals of chivalry and courtly love, and the Church's role at the center of daily life. Evocatively interweaving these pivotal developments with the human stories of the men and women who drove them, House of Lilies is the definitive history of the dynasty that forged France—and Europe—as we know it.

Translated from the medieval French, this book is a landmark English-language version of the work of Gilles le Bouvier. As the senior herald to King Charles VII, the monarch on the French throne as they advanced to victory in the Hundred Years'War between England, France and their allies, Gilles le Bouvier was close to the king during a decisive, formative period in France's history, as well as being a well-known figure from the period. The Observations of Gilles le Bouvier thus delivers a rare glimpse of a singular medieval worldview, offered through the constrained voice of a skilled diplomat carefully and occasionally sharing his opinions to audiences composed of his social superiors. During his lifelong career as a messenger and a diplomat in Charles's service, Gilles le Bouvier, known as The Berry Herald, travelled far and wide on his master's behalf. This translated work is a compilation of his observations as he moved around Western Europe, the Mediterranean states and the Black Sea region. Throughout the text, Gilles le Bouvier: • assessed or commented on the lands encompassed by his extensive travels• discussed the peoples he claimed to have encountered, from the honourable Turks to the'bad Catholics'of southern Italy• surveyed the military capabilities of France's neighbours, allies, enemies and neutral states Expertly introduced and contextualised by Gideon Brough and Sophie Patrick, this book provides a compelling and unique historical source for understanding life in late-medieval Europe through the eyes of someone who lived it.

The epic fifteenth-century battle for the throne of England is brought vividly to life in this accessible and comprehensive history.In this sweeping history, Trevor Royle details one of the bloodiest episodes in British history. The prize was the crown of England, and the players were the rival houses of Lancaster and York. The dynastic quarrel threatened the collapse of the monarchy as a succession of weak rulers failed to deal with an overzealous aristocracy, plunging England into a series of violent encounters. The bloody battles and political intrigue between the rival heirs of King Edward III brought forth one of the most dynamic ruling families of England: the Tudors.“To understand the Wars of the Roses, one should read Shakespeare's History Plays for the epic drama, and Trevor Royle's Lancaster Against York for the epic truth. Royle has produced a tremendous achievement: a modern classic for all times.” —Amanda Foreman, author of Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire

From the National Book Award-longlisted author of Finding Florida, a sparkling, sweeping chronicle of the author's life and discoveries in an ancient town in “Deep France,” from nearby prehistoric caves to medieval dynastic struggles to the colorful characters populating the area todayWhen T. D. Allman purchased an 800-year-old house in the mountain village of Lauzerte in southwestern France, he aimed to find refuge from the world's tumults. Instead, he found that humanity's most telling melodramas, from the paleolithic to the post-modern, were graven in its stones and visible from its windows.Indeed, the history of France can be viewed from the perspective of Lauzerte and its surrounding area—just as Allman, from one window, can see Lauzerte unfold before him in the Place des Cornières, where he watches performances of the opera Tosca and each Saturday buys produce from “Fred, the Foie Gras Guy;” while from the other side facing the Pyrenees he surveys the fated landscape that generated many events giving birth to the modern world. The dynastic struggles of Eleanor of Aquitaine, he finds, led to Lauzerte's remarkably progressive charter issued in 1241, which even then enshrined human rights in its 51 articles. From Eleanor's marriage to English king Henry II in 1154 dates the never-ending melodrama pitting English arrogance against French resistance; in 2016 Brexit demonstrated that this perpetual contretemps is another of the vaster conditions life in Lauzerte illuminates. Allman chronicles the many conflicts that have swirled in the region, from the Catholic Church's genocidal campaign to wipe out “heresy” there; to France's own 16th-century Wars of Religion, which saw hundreds massacred in the town square, some inside his house; to World War II, during which Lauzerte was part of Nazi-occupied Vichy.In prose as crystalline as his view to the Pyrenees on a clear day, Allman animates Lauzerte and its surrounding communities—Cahors, Moissac, Montauban—all ever in thrall to the magnetic impulse of Paris. Witness to so many dramas over the centuries, his house comes alive as a historical protagonist in its own right, from its wine-cellar cave to the roof where he wages futile battle with pigeons, to the life lessons it conveys. “The onward march of history, my House keeps demonstrating, never takes a rest,” he observes, pulling us vividly into his world.

This new English translation of Huizinga's'Autumntide of the Middle Ages'('Herfsttij der Middeleeuwen') celebrates the centenary of a book that still ranks as one of the most perceptive and influential analyses of the late medieval period.

What do the mysterious Roman author Vegetius, the Byzantine emperor Leo VI, and the Chinese general Li Jing all have in common? They are three of the dozens of authors across the medieval Mediterranean world and beyond who wrote works of military literature, sometimes called military handbooks, manuals, or treatises. This book brings together a multidisciplinary international team of scholars who present cutting edge essays on diverse aspects of medieval military literature. While some chapters offer novel approaches to familiar authors like Vegetius, some present research on under-valued topics like Byzantine military illustrations, and others provide holistic studies on subjects like early modern treatises, they all move the discussion of medieval military literature forward. Contributors are Michael B. Charles, Georgios Chatzelis, Pierre Cosme, Maxime Emion, Immacolata Eramo, Michael Fulton, David Graff, John Haldon, Catharine Hof, John Hosler, Savvas Kyriakidis, Łukasz Różycki, Katharina Schoneveld, Georgios Theotokis, Conor Whately, Michael Whitby, and Nadya Williams.

This book re-tells the story of how the Council of Constance ended the greatest Schism in Western Christendom. Using a nuanced and critical analysis of the primary sources, it reframes this drama with the Council itself as the principal actor. The Council performed its own legitimacy and its unity through a process of consensual decision-making and by conducting its own, previously little noticed, diplomacy. It succeeded where previous attempts to end the Schism had failed through its collective non-violent resistance.

From England and France to the Low Countries, Wales, Scotland, and Italy, the Hundred Years War (1337-1453) fundamentally shaped late-medieval literature. This volume adopts an expansive focus to reveal the transnational literary consequences of over a century of international conflict. While traditionally seen as an Anglo-French conflict, the Hundred Years War was a multilateral conflict with connections across the continent through alliances and proxy battles. Writers, whether as witnesses, diplomats, or provocateurs, played key roles in shaping the conflict, and the conflict equally impacted the course of literary history. The volume shows how a wide variety of genres and works are deeply engaged with responses to the war, from women's visionary writing by figures like Catherine of Siena to anonymous lyric poetry, from Christine de Pizan's Book of the City of Ladies to Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales.

'This series pushes the boundaries of knowledge and develops new trends in approach and understanding.'ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEWAs is appropriate in a volume honouring the distinguished scholarship in this field of Dr Rowena E. Archer, wealthy and influential ladies, most notably Alice Chaucer, duchess of Suffolk, take centre stage, alongside successive queens consort of the period, whose councils helped to implement justice. Alice's almshouse at Ewelme provides a fine example of the many institutions which offered care for the elderly in late medieval England, a period when Henry VII placed great emphasis on the burials of his kinsfolk, particularly in Westminster abbey, to ensure that their memory would endure. Pretenders to the throne of that king and his successor, who included Alice's grandson, bring into focus the riots of 1487 near the borders of Wales and portraits dating from the 1520s. Other themes of language (how Henry V employed English in France), law (the development of the concept of the body corporate) and taxation (levies imposed on imported wine) are added to an intriguing comparison of relations between English administrators and the nobility of Gascony with British imperialists and the princes of India.

Wie wird aus einer Adelsfamilie die bedeutendste Dynastie eines Königreichs? Dieses Buch nimmt Sie mit auf eine spannende Reise in das mittelalterliche Europa, in eine Zeit voller Intrigen, Machtkämpfe und Visionen. Erfahren Sie, wie Hugo Capet mit Diplomatie, strategischen Allianzen und dem geschickten Einsatz kirchlicher Macht zur Schlüsselgestalt der französischen Geschichte wurde. Von den Wurzeln der Kapetinger über die politischen Umbrüche des 9. Jahrhunderts bis hin zur Krönung Hugos Capet im Jahr 987 erzählt Emile Braille die Geschichte einer Familie, die Frankreichs Zukunft prägte. Lebendige Porträts, historische Einblicke und ein Blick auf die tiefgreifenden Umwälzungen jener Zeit machen dieses Buch zu einem unverzichtbaren Begleiter für alle Geschichtsinteressierten. Tauchen Sie ein in die Geburt Frankreichs und erleben Sie, wie der Grundstein für eine der einflussreichsten Monarchien Europas gelegt wurde.

Amedeo Feniello, in questo straordinario libro, si sofferma sulle molteplici calamità climatiche e pandemiche che colpirono l'umanità nel Trecento. E ci mostra come quegli eventi terribili indussero profondi cambiamenti economici e culturali. Paolo Mieli,'Corriere della Sera'Un libro brillante e meravigliosamente scritto. Antonio Musarra,'Tuttolibri'Nel 1300 l'intero pianeta venne scosso da una serie di shock violentissimi: pestilenze, inondazioni, piccole glaciazioni, carestie. Improvvisamente fu come se demoni, venti e draghi si coalizzassero per punire l'orgoglio dell'uomo. Eppure le tre grandi civiltà del tempo, quella europea, quella islamica e quella cinese, seppero costruire dei veri e propri'paesaggi adattativi', nuove forme di organizzazione sociale, politica ed economica che lanciarono il mondo verso una fase nuova. Una storia straordinaria ma dimenticata che coinvolse larga parte del mondo e che ha molto da insegnarci oggi.

Im Rahmen des Projekts'Papsturkunden des frühen und hohen Mittelalters'der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, welches im Gesamtunternehmen der Pius-Stiftung für Papsturkundenforschung eingebettet ist, entsteht die Neubearbeitung der Regesta Pontificum Romanorum unter der Ägide von Klaus Herbers. Der fünfte Band enthält die Pontifikate von Gregor VII. bis zu Urban II. (von 1073 bis 1099). In kurzen lateinischen Regesten werden systematisch die Papstkontakte in chronologischer Reihenfolge erschlossen. Durch die Aufarbeitung der Forschungsgeschichte seit der letzten Auflage 1885 wurde die Zahl der Einträge auf über 2500 erhöht. Privilegien, Konzilsakten sowie Brief- und Rechtssammlungen wurden ebenso ausgewertet wie die wichtigste Historiographie. Einen zentralen Fortschritt erbrachte die bibliografische Aktualisierung. Die Regesten verweisen auf die heute maßgeblichen Editionen und die Diskussion zu Echtheit und Datierung der Papstschreiben. Konkordanzen und ein Initienregister erleichtern den Zugriff.

Thalassokratie meint die Machtausübung über Seeflächen, also die politische Verfasstheit maritimer Gesellschaften. Aber existierte sie im Mittelalter überhaupt? Für das heutige Geschichtsbild beginnt nach der mediterranen Antike eigentlich erst wieder am Ende des Mittelalters eine maritim geprägte Epoche. Wo aber bleibt das Mittelalter? Gab es maritime Gesellschaften, die originäre Formen der Machtorganisation entwickelten; gab es maritim orientierte Akteure zu Land und an den Küsten, die Macht auf bzw. über See anstrebten oder denen diese zugeschrieben wurde? Die hier versammelten Beiträge fokussieren maritime Gemeinwesen des Mittelmeers, der Nord- und der Ostsee und analysieren spezifische Handlungsformen, die als „thalassokratisch“ bezeichnet werden können, weil sie darauf abzielten, politische, wirtschaftliche und/oder militärische Interessen mithilfe maritimer Mittel zu behaupten bzw. durchzusetzen.

Kniha Bertranda Schnerba představuje syntézu o burgundském soustátí na konci středověku. To ztělesňovalo vedle některých oblastí severní Itálie nejdůležitější hospodářské centrum Evropy, jednu z nejbohatších oblastí západního světa a prostředí, ve kterém se rozvíjela písemná i výtvarná kultura, jež neměla obdoby. Koncept burgundského státu překonává dosud zavedené schéma série biografických studií jeho jednotlivých panovníků a zároveň poskytuje odlišnou perspektivu od „zemského“ pojetí burgundských dějin v pozdním středověku. Schnerbova syntéza tak spíše nachází prvky moderního státu v pozdně středověkých entitách.

Чорна смерть, або Велика чума, яка вразила Європу в 14 столітті, була найбільшою епідемією, яку коли-небудь переживав континент. В умовах політичних заворушень, голоду і війни вона за п'ять років знищила третину населення Європи і завдала страшних збитків: зникли села, була зруйнована економіка, до іноземців ставилися з підозрою, а страх щодня гриз голови людей. Чуму пов'язували з божественною карою або отруєнням повітря. Хоча Чорна Смерть зникла у 1352 році, епідемія кілька разів з'являлася в Європі до 18 століття. Дізнайтеся, як бактерію нарешті відкрили і як людство бореться за те, щоб вона знову не загрожувала людству.

A Peste Negra, ou Grande Peste, que atingiu a Europa no século XIV, foi a maior epidemia que o continente alguma vez tinha experimentado. Num contexto de tumultos políticos, fome e guerra, dizimou um terço da população da Europa em cinco anos e causou danos terríveis: as aldeias desapareceram, a economia foi danificada, os estrangeiros foram tratados com desconfiança e o medo roeu diariamente a cabeça das pessoas. A peste foi associada a punição divina ou envenenamento do ar. Embora a Peste Negra tenha desaparecido em 1352, a epidemia veio à tona várias vezes na Europa até ao século XVIII. Descubra como a bactéria foi finalmente descoberta e como a humanidade está a lutar para evitar que ela volte a ameaçar a humanidade.

The Middle Ages have provided rich source material for physical and digital games from Dungeons and Dragons to Assassin's Creed. This volume addresses the many ways in which different formats and genre of games represent the period. It considers the restrictions placed on these representations by the mechanical and gameplay requirements of the medium and by audience expectations of these products and the period, highlighting innovative attempts to overcome these limitations through game design and play. Playing the Middle Ages considers a number of important and timely issues within the field including: one, the connection between medieval games and political nationalistic rhetoric; two, trends in the presentation of religion, warfare and other aspects of medieval society and their connection to modern culture; three, the problematic representations of race; and four, the place of gender and sexuality within these games and the broader gaming community. The book draws on the experience of a wide-ranging and international group of academics across disciplines and from games designers. Through this combination of expertise, it provides a unique perspective on the representation of the Middle Ages in modern games and drives key discussions in the fields of history and game design.

Wojna stuletnia była jednym z najważniejszych konfliktów średniowiecza i obejmowała kilka pokoleń. Najbardziej znana ze swojej skali (obejmowała wiele różnych frakcji i pięć pokoleń królów), wojna ta wyznaczyła szczyt i upadek rycerstwa. Wojna wywarła duży wpływ na Europę, wprowadziła europejskie monarchie w wiek nowoczesności i dała początek poczuciu dumy narodowej. W ciągu zaledwie 50 minut odkryjesz, dlaczego wybuchła ta wojna i zrozumiesz jej głęboki wpływ na europejski krajobraz polityczny. Ta prosta i pouczająca książka zawiera dokładne omówienie kluczowych momentów walk, w tym angielskiego odbicia oraz francuskiego odrodzenia i zwycięstwa. Zawiera także pełną biografię głównych bohaterów, w tym Edwarda III angielskiego, Karola VII francuskiego i Bertranda du Guesclin, cenne wprowadzenie do kontekstu politycznego i ocenę konsekwencji wojny, dając Ci wszystkie niezbędne informacje na temat tego krwawego okresu w historii Europy.

Черная смерть, или Великая чума, поразившая Европу в XIV веке, стала величайшей эпидемией, которую когда-либо переживал континент. В условиях политических потрясений, голода и войны, за пять лет она уничтожила треть населения Европы и нанесла страшный ущерб: деревни исчезли, экономике был нанесен ущерб, к иностранцам относились с подозрением, а страх ежедневно глодал людей. Чума ассоциировалась с божественным наказанием или отравлением воздуха. Хотя Черная смерть исчезла в 1352 году, эпидемия несколько раз появлялась в Европе вплоть до XVIII века. Узнайте, как эта бактерия была наконец обнаружена и как человечество борется за то, чтобы она больше не угрожала человечеству.

Avrupa'yı 14. yüzyılda vuran Kara Ölüm ya da Büyük Veba, kıtanın o güne kadar yaşadığı en büyük salgındı. Siyasi kargaşa, kıtlık ve savaş ortamında, beş yıl içinde Avrupa nüfusunun üçte birini yok etti ve korkunç bir hasara yol açtı: köyler yok oldu, ekonomi zarar gördü, yabancılara şüpheyle yaklaşıldı ve korku her gün insanların kafasını kemirdi. Veba, ilahi ceza ya da havanın zehirlenmesi ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Kara Ölüm 1352 yılında ortadan kalkmış olsa da, salgın 18. yüzyıla kadar Avrupa'da birkaç kez ortaya çıkmıştır. Bakterinin nihayet nasıl keşfedildiğini ve insanlığı tekrar tehdit etmesini önlemek için insanlığın nasıl mücadele ettiğini öğrenin.

Debruçar-se sobre o tema da Idade Média significa lançar-se sobre o estudo de uma infinidade de temas. Trata-se, afinal, de nada menos de mil anos e de uma miríade de acontecimentos e interpretações possíveis. Não importa quantas vezes voltemos ao assunto: encontraremos ali matéria de assombro ou maravilhamento; confirmaremos algumas ideias, remodelaremos outras. Georges Minois realiza aqui poderosa síntese que permite tanto ao leitor principiante quanto àquele que se aprofunda no tema empreender um voo rasante sobre período tão seminal de nossa história.

El estudio de la vivienda y de su contenido incorpora un amplio abanico de posibilidades de conocer multitud de aspectos sobre lo que representaba el espacio doméstico para los hombres y mujeres del pasado. La casa ha sido y es una gran conquista de la humanidad, como fundamento material de la familia, pilar del orden social, realidad moral y política, unidad organizativa y, en la época medieval, célula fiscal y demográfica. Además, en ella convergen numerosas actividades, desde la reproducción del agregado doméstico a la transmisión de conocimientos y sentimientos; la socialización de la familia o la producción de la empresa doméstica. Pero, además, la casa no puede percibirse como algo aislado, sino que se debe tener también en cuenta su contenido material, todo el universo de enseres, de muebles, vajillas, ropas, etc., que forman parte de eso que llamamos la'cultura material'de un período histórico. Y tampoco debemos olvidar que, en las sociedades complejas, una vivienda es también un bien inmueble, un objeto económico en sí misma, que puede ser comprado, vendido, donado, dado en herencia, dividido, ampliado o hipotecado. Este carácter poliédrico de la vivienda en la Europa medieval es tratado aquí por investigadores de diferentes disciplinas, desde historiadores a arqueólogos, historiadores del arte o arquitectos que, en dieciocho trabajos diferentes, proyectan sus miradas convergentes sobre los hogares de la Europa medieval.

De Honderdjarige Oorlog was een van de belangrijkste conflicten van de Middeleeuwen en besloeg meerdere generaties. De oorlog stond vooral bekend om zijn omvang (er waren veel verschillende facties en vijf generaties koningen bij betrokken) en markeerde het hoogtepunt en het verval van de ridderschap. De oorlog had een grote invloed op Europa, bracht de Europese monarchieën in het tijdperk van de moderniteit en gaf aanleiding tot een gevoel van nationale trots. In slechts 50 minuten ontdekt u waarom deze oorlog uitbrak en begrijpt u de ingrijpende gevolgen ervan voor het Europese politieke landschap. Dit eenvoudige en informatieve boek geeft een grondige bespreking van de belangrijkste momenten in de gevechten, waaronder de Engelse herovering en de Franse heropleving en overwinning. Het bevat ook een volledige biografie van de hoofdrolspelers, waaronder Edward III van Engeland, Karel VII van Frankrijk en Bertrand du Guesclin, een waardevolle inleiding tot de politieke context en een evaluatie van de gevolgen van de oorlog, waardoor u alle essentiële informatie krijgt over deze bloedige periode in de Europese geschiedenis.

De Zwarte Dood, of Grote Pest, die Europa in de 14e eeuw trof, was de grootste epidemie die het continent ooit had meegemaakt. In een context van politieke onrust, hongersnood en oorlog werd in vijf jaar tijd een derde van de Europese bevolking uitgeroeid en werd verschrikkelijke schade aangericht: dorpen verdwenen, de economie werd beschadigd, buitenlanders werden met argwaan behandeld en de angst knaagde dagelijks aan de hoofden van de mensen. De pest werd geassocieerd met een goddelijke straf of vergiftiging van de lucht. Hoewel de Zwarte Dood in 1352 verdween, dook de epidemie in Europa tot in de 18e eeuw verschillende keren op. Ontdek hoe de bacterie uiteindelijk werd ontdekt en hoe de mensheid vecht om te voorkomen dat hij de mensheid opnieuw bedreigt.

Die Beschäftigung mit historischen Umbruchs- und Transformationsphasen bleibt für die Mediävistik ein zentrales Thema. Doch trotz der gesellschaftlichen und wissenschaftlichen Aktualität von Eroberungen als konstantes Phänomen der mittelalterlichen Geschichte wurde die Perspektive der Eroberten dabei bislang kaum systematisch erforscht. Eroberte waren und sind jedoch nicht lediglich passive Opfer, sondern entscheidungsfähige Akteur•innen, die die neu geschaffene Situation bewusst und gezielt zu ihren Gunsten zu beeinflussen wussten und aktiv mitgestalteten. Damit ist die Wahrnehmung der Eroberten für das Verständnis und die Aushandlung von Eroberung konstitutiv: Erst durch den Einbezug ihrer Perspektive lässt sich das Phänomen Eroberung als multiperspektivisches Konstrukt fassbar machen und erforschen.In einem breiten chronologischen und geographischen Zugriff rückt der Sammelband das Erleben, die Bewältigungsstrategien und die agency der Eroberten im Austausch mit ihren (vermeintlichen) Eroberern in den Mittelpunkt. Dabei erweist sich Eroberung als instabiles und transformatives Konstrukt, das kontinuierlich ausgehandelt werden muss und einer beständigen Anpassung unterliegt.

'The leading academic vehicle for scholarly publication in the field of medieval warfare.'Medieval WarfareThe twenty-first volume of the Journal of Medieval Military History begins with three studies examining aspects of warfare in the Latin East: an archaeological report on the defenses of Jerusalem by Shimon Gibson and Rafael Y. Lewis; a study of how military victories and defeats (viewed through the lens of carefully shaped reporting) affected the reputation, and the flow of funds and recruits to, the Military Orders, by Nicolas Morton; and an exploration of how the Kingdom of Jerusalem quickly recovered its military strength after the disaster of Hattin by Stephen Donnachie. Turning to the other side of the Mediterranean, Donald J. Kagay analyzes how Jaime I of Aragon worked to control violence within his realms by limiting both castle construction and the use of mechanical artillery. Guilhem Pépin also addresses the limitation of violence, using new documents to show that the Black Prince's sack of Limoges in 1370 was not the unrestrained bloodbath described by Froissart. The remaining three contributions deal with aspects of open battle. Michael John Harbinson offers a large-scale study of when and why late-medieval men-at-arms chose to dismount and fight on foot instead of acting tactically as cavalry. Laurence W. Marvin reconsiders the Battle of Bouvines, concluding that it was far from being a ritualized mass duel. Finally, Michael Livingston elucidates some principles for understanding medieval battles in general, and the battle of Agincourt in particular.

The first comprehensive study of this war helps us understand how each country to defend the frontier, and the political issues which drove the Anglo-Scottish wars of the 1520s.The Anglo-Scottish War of 1522-1524 saw the mobilisation of tens of thousands of men and vast amounts of resources in both England and Scotland. Beyond its British context, the war had a European significance: it formed an element in the wider Valois-Habsburg struggles over Italy, with the complex systems of alliances spreading the repercussions of this struggle far across the continent and to the borders of England and Scotland.Recent years have seen the emergence of a renewed debate around the status of the Anglo-Scottish frontier and the wider political and social conditions which predominated in the borderlands of each kingdom. Although there has been a move to present the Anglo-Scottish border as a porous frontier where the populations on either side were closely connected, these neighbourly links imploded rapidly in wartime when frontier populations were co-opted into a national struggle. It is significant that borderers were responsible for inflicting the heaviest violence on each other during the war.Drawing on an unprecedented access to English and Sottish sources of the conflict, this book offers an important new contribution to both Scottish and English history as well as the wider military history of late medieval and early modern Europe. Aspects of military mobilisation, logistics, the defence of frontiers, the use of violence against civilians and wartime espionage feature prominently.

Der vierte und letzte Teil der Darstellung der »Preußenreisen« beschreibt, wie sie zu Ende gingen und was sie ersetzte. Als 1386/87 der heidnische Großfürst von Litauen zum katholischen König von Polen wurde, beschloss der Deutsche Orden, seinen Kampf gegen Litauen und besonders das noch dreißig Jahre lang heidnisch bleibende Niederlitauen (Samaiten) fortzusetzen. Zunächst folgte ihm die europäische Ritterschaft, dann aber wandte sie sich gegen den neuen, wirklichen Feind, die Osmanen. Eine Verpflanzung an andere Heidenfronten hat der Orden dagegen stets abgelehnt. Die neue Legitimation, die Preußen als Eigentum und Zuflucht des deutschen Adels betrachtete, erlaubte es dem Orden, den Angriffen seiner Feinde während des Konzils von Konstanz zu widerstehen und veranlasste 1422 erneut deutsche Fürsten, nach Preußen zu kommen, zu spät, um den Lauf der Dinge zu wenden. Diese neue Geschichte der verlorenen und wiedergewonnenen Legitimität stützt sich auf intensive Recherchen. Ein Gesamtfazit der vier Teile wird gegeben. Dokumente, Ergänzungen und Indizes werden folgen. The fourth and last part of the study of the'Prussian Voyages'tells how it ended and which were the consequences. When in 1386/87 the pagan grand-duke of Lithuania became the catholic king of Poland, the Teutonic Order decided to continue nevertheless his combat against this pagan country, during a decade with considerable success. Only then the European chivalry turned against it's true ennemy, the Osmanic expansion. A new legitimacy, Prussia thought as foundation and propriety of the German nobility, permitted the order to resist the attacks of it's ennemies during the Council of Constance and caused once again German princes to come to Prussia in 1422, too late to turn the course of events. The Order refused serious engagement on other pagan fronteers, but the European chivalry did, voyaging to other places: Bohemia, Hungary and the Mediterranean. This new history of lost and regained legitimacy is based on intensive research. An overall conclusion of the four parts is given. Documents, Additions and Indices will follow.

The Compendium of World Sovereigns series contains three volumes: Ancient, Medieval, and Early Modern. These volumes provide students with easy-to-access ‘who's who'with details on the identities and dates, ages and wives, where known, of heads of government in any given state at any time within the framework of reference. The relevant original and secondary sources are also listed in a comprehensive bibliography. The text provides a clear reference guide for students to who was who and when they ruled in the dynasties and other ruler-lists for the Ancient, Medieval, and Early Modern worlds – primarily European and Middle Eastern but including available information on Africa and Asia and the pre-Columbian Americas. The trilogy accesses and interprets the original data plus any modern controversies and disputes over names and dating, reflecting on the shifts in and widening of focus in student and academic studies. Each volume contains league tables of rulers'‘records', and an extensive bibliographical guide to the relevant personnel and dynasties, plus any controversies, so readers can consult these for extra details and know exactly where to go for which information. All relevant information is collected and provided as a one-stop-shop for students wishing to check the known information about a world Sovereign. The Medieval volume begins with the Byzantine Empire and moves through the Crusader States, the Islamic World, South and East Asia, Africa, the Mediterranean, and lastly Western and Eastern Europe. Compendium of World Sovereigns: Volume II Medieval provides students and scholars with the perfect reference guide to support their studies and to fact check dates, people, and places.

Czarna Śmierć, czyli Wielka Dżuma, która nawiedziła Europę w XIV wieku, była największą epidemią, jakiej kiedykolwiek doświadczył ten kontynent. W kontekście zawirowań politycznych, głodu i wojny, w ciągu pięciu lat wymordowała ona jedną trzecią ludności Europy i spowodowała straszliwe zniszczenia: zniknęły wioski, ucierpiała gospodarka, obcokrajowców traktowano podejrzliwie, a strach codziennie targał głowami ludzi. Dżuma kojarzyła się z karą boską lub zatruciem powietrza. Chociaż Czarna Śmierć zniknęła w 1352 roku, epidemia pojawiała się w Europie kilkakrotnie aż do XVIII wieku. Dowiedz się, jak w końcu odkryto tę bakterię i jak ludzkość walczy, by nie zagroziła ona ponownie ludzkości.

La peste nera, o Grande Peste, che colpì l'Europa nel XIV secolo fu la più grande epidemia che il continente avesse mai vissuto. In un contesto di disordini politici, carestie e guerre, ha spazzato via un terzo della popolazione europea in cinque anni e ha causato danni terribili: i villaggi sono scomparsi, l'economia è stata danneggiata, gli stranieri sono stati trattati con sospetto e la paura ha corroso la testa della gente ogni giorno. La peste era associata alla punizione divina o all'avvelenamento dell'aria. Sebbene la peste nera sia scomparsa nel 1352, l'epidemia è ricomparsa più volte in Europa fino al XVIII secolo. Scoprite come il batterio è stato finalmente scoperto e come l'uomo sta lottando per evitare che minacci di nuovo l'umanità.

Ο Μαύρος Θάνατος, ή Μεγάλη Πανούκλα, που έπληξε την Ευρώπη τον 14ο αιώνα ήταν η μεγαλύτερη επιδημία που γνώρισε ποτέ η ήπειρος. Σε ένα πλαίσιο πολιτικής αναταραχής, πείνας και πολέμου, εξαφάνισε το ένα τρίτο του πληθυσμού της Ευρώπης μέσα σε πέντε χρόνια και προκάλεσε τρομερές ζημιές: χωριά εξαφανίστηκαν, η οικονομία υπέστη ζημιές, οι ξένοι αντιμετωπίστηκαν με καχυποψία και ο φόβος έτρωγε καθημερινά τα κεφάλια των ανθρώπων. Η πανούκλα συνδεόταν με τη θεία τιμωρία ή τη δηλητηρίαση του αέρα. Αν και ο Μαύρος Θάνατος εξαφανίστηκε το 1352, η επιδημία εμφανίστηκε αρκετές φορές στην Ευρώπη μέχρι τον 18ο αιώνα. Μάθετε πώς ανακαλύφθηκε τελικά το βακτήριο και πώς η ανθρωπότητα αγωνίζεται για να το αποτρέψει από το να απειλήσει ξανά την ανθρωπότητα.

Wer nach Prag reist, erlebt – mit Karlsbrücke, Veitsdom und Universität – die Goldene Stadt Karls IV. Der Herrscher aus dem Hause Luxemburg regierte von hier aus ein Reich, das sich von Südfrankreich und Oberitalien bis nach Norddeutschland erstreckte. Olaf B. Rader erzählt auf der Grundlage neu erschlossener Quellen anschaulich das Leben des kunstsinnigen Kaisers, der im Bewusstsein göttlicher Erwählung seine Macht ebenso klug wie rücksichtslos ausbaute und in seiner Grabinschrift als «Beben der Welt» verewigt wurde. Das dramatische 14. Jahrhundert – eine Zeit der wirtschaftlichen und kulturellen Blüte sowie tiefer Krisen wie der Großen Pest, Überschwemmungen und der beginnenden Kleinen Eiszeit – war das Jahrhundert Karls IV. (1316 - 1378). Der Kaiser des Heiligen Römischen Reichs und König von Böhmen baute die Macht seiner Dynastie mit Kriegen und diplomatischem Geschick zielstrebig aus und erließ mit der Goldenen Bulle das wichtigste Grundgesetz des Reichs, das bis zu dessen Auflösung 1806 in Kraft blieb. In Prag gründete er die erste Universität und beschäftigte mit den Parlern die besten Baumeister und Bildhauer der damaligen Zeit. Dass dieser fromme, Reliquien sammelnde, auf Recht und Gesetz bedachte Kaiser von der Ausplünderung und Verfolgung der Juden profitierte, ja dazu aufrief, hat viele Historiker irritiert. Olaf B. Rader zeichnet in seinem glänzend geschriebenen Buch ein neues Bild des mächtigsten spätmittelalterlichen Kaisers, der Deutschland und Europa nachhaltiger geprägt hat, als uns heute bewusst ist.