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This collection of essays explores the role of gardens in early modern academies and, conversely, the place of what might be called'academic culture'in early modern gardens. While studies of botanical gardens have often focused on their association with a research institution, the intention of this book is deliberately broader, seeking to explore the interconnections between the built environment of the early modern garden and the more or less organised social and intellectual life it supported. As such, the book contributes to the intersection of several fields of research: garden history, literary history, architectural history and socio-political history, and considers the garden as a site of performance that requires an intermedial approach.

Listening to Confraternities offers new perspectives on the contribution of guild and devotional confraternities to the urban phonosphere based on original research and an interdisciplinary approach. Historians of art, architecture, culture, sound, music and the senses consider the ways in which, through their devotional practices, confraternities acted as patrons of music, created their identity through sound and were involved in the everyday musical experience of major cities in early modern Europe. Confraternities have been studied from many different angles, but only rarely as acoustic communities that communicated through sound and whose musical activities delimited the urban spaces in which they were active. Contributors: Nicholas Terpstra, Emanuela Vai, Ana López Suero, Henry Drummond, Ascensión Mazuela-Anguita, Ferrán Escrivà-Llorca, Noel O'Regan, Magnus Williamson, Xavier Torres Sans, Erika Honisch, Alexander Fisher, Konrad Eisenbichler, Daniele Filippi, Dylan Reid, Elisa Lessa, Antonio Ruiz Caballero, Juan Ruiz Jiménez, Sergi González González, and Tess Knighton.

By clothing the Word with her flesh, the Virgin Mary made God visible, manifesting Christ as a perfect “image” of the Father. By virtue of this archetypal “artistry” of Incarnation, Mary mediates the tradition of Christian image-making. This volume explores images of the Mother of God in early modern devotion, piety, and power. The book is divided into four sections, the first three of which link the subjects thematically and geographically in Europe, while the last one follows Mary's legacy. Contributors include: Elliott D. Wise, Anna Dlabačová, James Clifton, Kim Butler Wingfield, Barbara Baert, Steven Ostrow, Barbara Haeger, Shelley Perlove, Cristina Cruz González, and Mehreen Chida-Razvi.

How did early modern societies think about disasters, such as earthquakes or floods? How did they represent disaster, and how did they intervene to mitigate its destructive effects? This collection showcases the breadth of new work on the period ca. 1300-1750.Covering topics that range from new thinking about risk and securitisation to the protection of dikes from shipworm, and with a geography that extends from Europe to Spanish America, the volume places early modern disaster studies squarely at the intersection of intellectual, cultural and socio-economic history. This period witnessed fresh speculation on nature, the diffusion of disaster narratives and imagery and unprecedented attempts to control the physical world.The book will be essential to specialists and students of environmental history and disaster, as well as general readers who seek to discover how pre-industrial societies addressed some of the same foundational issues we grapple with today.

This is the 1st volume in a 4-volume work entitled The Mage's Images. The work provides the first in-depth examination of the life and works of Heinrich Khunrath (1560-1605), ‘one of the great Hermetic philosophers', whose Amphitheatre of Eternal Wisdom (1595/1609) has been described as ‘one of the most important books in the whole literature of theosophical alchemy and the occult sciences'. Khunrath is best known for his novel combination of ‘scripture and picture'in the complex engravings in his Amphitheatre. In this richly illustrated monograph, Forshaw analyses occult symbolism, with previously unpublished material, offering insight into Khunrath's insistence on the necessary combination of alchemy, magic, and cabala in ‘Oratory and Laboratory'.

This book aims to explore different aspects of networks in relation to the archaeology of buildings. It is divided into three major themes: the trade in materials, the exchange of knowledge (of techniques and/or materials), and the exchange of style. Within each of these themes, two primary aspects are addressed—notably, who were the actors and how did the network function? In medieval and post-medieval Europe, the development of buildings, of style and the use of material, cannot be understood from a local, regional or even national perspective. Not only were the borders different than in modern-day Europe, but the contacts of inhabitants also transcended local and regional boundaries. This volume describes the continuous exchange of aesthetic ideals, technological developments and building materials during this period. This volume is a culmination of four years of sessions held at the European Archaeology Association (EAA) conference between 2016-2020 on the topic. It is of interest to archaeologists, architects, and scholars of built heritage.

This volume draws together an international team of scholars to explore the experience and significance of early modern European continental warfare from an interdisciplinary perspective.Individual essays add to the lively fields of War and Society and the New Military History by combining the history of war with political and diplomatic history, the history of religion, social history, economic history, the history of ideas, the history of emotions, environmental history, art history, musicology, and the history of science and medicine. The contributors address how warfare was entwined with European learning, culture, and the arts, but also examine the ties between warfare and ideas or ideologies, and offer new ways of thinking about the costs and consequences of war. In addition to its interdisciplinarity, the volume is distinctive in including chapters focused not only on Western and Central Europe but also the often-ignored European peripheries, such as the Baltics and the Russian frontier, Scandinavia, and the Habsburg-Ottoman borderlands of Southeastern Europe. As a whole, the volume offers readers interesting alternatives and threads for reconsidering the place and meaning of warfare within the larger history of early modern continental Europe.This book will be valuable for general readers, undergraduate and graduate students, and scholars interested in military, early modern, and European history.

The defense of the cult of saints and relics was an essential element of the Catholic Counter-Reformation in Europe. Facing attacks from Protestant denominations of all kinds, the Roman church redoubled its efforts to promote the veneration of its holy figures and to house their earthly remains in dramatic style. Bedazzled Saints chronicles the transfer, distribution, and display of nearly four hundred'holy bodies'of ancient Christian martyrs, some of the church's most prestigious relics, sent from the Roman catacombs to the Electorate of Bavaria between 1590 and 1803. Local communities, both religious and secular, broke with medieval tradition and spent immense amounts of time and money to fuse incomplete skeletons into lavishly decorated whole-body saints.By examining these ornamented skeletons—painstakingly enhanced with jewels and fine clothing and still on display atop church altars to this day—Noria Litaker elucidates the interplay between local religious practice and universal church doctrine, shedding new light on the negotiated nature of sanctity in early modern Catholicism. In so doing, she challenges the dominant narrative of the Bavarian Catholic Reformation as a top-down process and provides new insights into the role relics and their innovative presentation played in the development of Catholic identity in early modern German lands.

What does'performance'mean in Christian culture? How is it connected to rituals, dramatic and visual arts, and the written word? Performing the Sacred: Christian Representation and the Arts explores both the meaning of re-presentation and the role of performance within the Christian tradition between arts and drama. The essays in this book demonstrate that the idea of performance was central to Christian theology and that—from the Middle Ages to the Early Modern era—it became a device through which people saw, prayed, preached, wrote, imagined, officiated rites, celebrated cults, and practiced devotions. Seen that performance is a habitus within Christianity, performing the sacred does not just mean representing it, but rather enacting it in a tangible, visible and involved way.

Watermarks 1450–1850 offers a concise history of the production of paper in Western Europe from the Middle Ages to the nineteenth century. The research is based on watermarks collected from various sources in combination with other elements from the trade, such as decorated paper and ream wrappers. This book includes reproductions of ca. seven hundred watermarks. Frans and Theo Laurentius have published two more books on the topic in this same book series: Italian Watermarks 1750–1860 (2016), and Watermarks in Paper from the South-West of France, 1560–1860 (2018). In 2007/2008 they published Watermarks (1600–1650) Found in the Zeeland Archives and Watermarks (1650–1700) Found in the Zeeland Archives.

This book takes a long-term approach, spanning from the end of the 16th to the end of the 19th centuries, to explore how men and women in Italy, France, and Spain collected, displayed, and passed down various types of papers.The contributors share a core interest in the relationship between social actors and their paper heritage. The collectors, who come from diverse cultural, social, and gender backgrounds, provide insights into the reasons and processes behind the accumulation, valorisation, and transmission of their paper heritage. Unlike most studies on collecting, this book shifts the focus away from collections and institutions to the owners of the collected objects and their desires for their accumulated papers. This volume covers three centuries and provides insights into the aspirations of collectors and the fate of their papers after transmission. It takes place against the backdrop of major social, political, and cultural changes affecting the Italian peninsula, the Spanish monarchy, and France. The cultural interests and the collector networks often extended beyond Europe, as noted by many of the essays in this volume.Paper Heritage in Italy, France, Spain and Beyond (16th to 19th Centuries) will interest scholars and students of Early Modern and Modern European History across various fields, including social and cultural history, intellectual history, gender history, history of collecting and patronage.

Customised Books in Early Modern Europe and the Americas, 1400‒1700 examines the form, function, and meaning of alterations made by users to the physical structure of their book, through insertion or interpolation, subtraction or deletion, adjustments in the ordering of folios or quires, amendments of image or text. Although our primary interest is in printed books and print series bound like books, we also consider selected manuscripts since meaningful alterations made to incunabula and early printed books often followed the patterns such changes took in late fourteenth- and fifteenth-century codices. Throughout Customised Books the emphasis falls on the hermeneutic functions of the modifications made by makers and users to their manuscripts and books. Contributors: B. Boler Hunter, T. Cummins, A. Dlabačova, K.A.E. Enenkel, C.D. Fletcher, P.F. Gehl, P. Germano Leal, J. Kiliańczyk-Zięba, J. Koguciuk, A. van Leerdam, S. Leitch, S. McKeown, W.S. Melion, K. Michael, S. Midanik, B. Purkaple, J. Rosenholtz-Witt, B.L. Rothstein, M.R. Wade, and G. Warnar.

In Painting Flanders Abroad: Flemish Art and Artists in Seventeenth-Century Madrid, Flemish immigrants and imported Flemish paintings cross the paths of Spanish kings, collectors, dealers, and artists in the Spanish court city, transforming the development and nature of seventeenth-century Spanish painting. Examining these Flemish transplants and the traces their interactions left in archival documents, collection inventories, art treatises, and most saliently Spanish “Golden Age” paintings, this book portrays Spanish society grappling with a long tradition of importing its favorite paintings while struggling to reimagine its own visual idiom. In the process, the book historicizes questions of style, quality, immigration, mobility, identity, and cultural exchange to define what the evolving and amorphous visual concept of “Flemishness” meant to Spanish viewers in an era long before the emergence of nationalism.

Präsentationsvideo (4. Folge der Reihe'ÖGE18 Update') Anyone wishing to look beyond the paradigm of Western progress needs to understand how it came into being. In the intellectual culture of the 17th and 18th centuries, the competitive comparison of Ancients and Moderns and their respective relations to civilization and barbarism constituted one of the formative discourses. Yet alternative ideas of time and historicity are encountered not only in cultural contexts outside of Europe but also in the largely forgotten professional knowledge of the Old World: Thomism, Peripatetism, moderate forms of criticism, political theory, and legal practice. This book introduces a broad panorama of such intellectual cultures in Central Europe. It situates theological, historical, and philosophical scholarship in its institutional and epistemological environments: the Church, the Holy Roman Empire, and the emerging Habsburg Monarchy. In doing so, it identifies struggles over competing pasts – Christian, ethnic, legal – as the core of those domains'intellectual development.

A panoramic history of rules in the Western worldRules order almost every aspect of our lives. They set our work hours, dictate how we drive and set the table, tell us whether to offer an extended hand or cheek in greeting, and organize the rites of life, from birth through death. We may chafe under the rules we have, and yearn for ones we don't, yet no culture could do without them. In Rules, historian Lorraine Daston traces their development in the Western tradition and shows how rules have evolved from ancient to modern times. Drawing on a rich trove of examples, including legal treatises, cookbooks, military manuals, traffic regulations, and game handbooks, Daston demonstrates that while the content of rules is dazzlingly diverse, the forms that they take are surprisingly few and long-lived.Daston uncovers three enduring kinds of rules: the algorithms that calculate and measure, the laws that govern, and the models that teach. She vividly illustrates how rules can change—how supple rules stiffen, or vice versa, and how once bothersome regulations become everyday norms. Rules have been devised for almost every imaginable activity and range from meticulous regulations to the laws of nature. Daston probes beneath this variety to investigate when rules work and when they don't, and why some philosophical problems about rules are as ancient as philosophy itself while others are as modern as calculating machines.Rules offers a wide-angle view on the history of the constraints that guide us—whether we know it or not.

This collection of essays presents various aspects of a group of participants in the Thirty Years War which hitherto received only cursory attention in international research context: the princes of Transylvania. Experts of the specific fields present up-to-date summaries as well as fresh results on questions of military history, diplomatic contacts, war finances, media history and discourses in political communication related to the activities of Gábor Bethlen and György Rákóczi I. Special attention is dedicated to the peculiar characteristic of the Transylvanian involvement in the great European conflict – the Ottoman threat, which derived from the fact that the principality was one of the sultan's Christian tributaries.

This volume offers a comprehensive historical survey of medicine in sixteenth-century Europe and examines both medical theories and practices within their intellectual and social context. Nutton investigates the changes brought about in medicine by the opening-up of the European world to new drugs and new diseases, such as syphilis and the Sweat, and by the development of printing and more efficient means of communication. Chapters examine how civic institutions such as Health Boards, hospitals, town doctors and healers became more significant in the fight against epidemic disease, and special attention is given to the role of women and domestic medicine. The final section, on beliefs, explores the revised Galenism of academic medicine, including a new emphasis on anatomy and its most vocal antagonists, Paracelsians. The volume concludes by considering the effect of religious changes on medicine, including the marginalisation, and often expulsion, of non-Christian practitioners.Based on a wide reading of primary sources from literature and art across Europe, Renaissance Medicine is an invaluable resource for students and scholars of the history of medicine and disease in the sixteenth century.

Staroměstskou exekuci otevírá Josef Petráň vylíčením krvavého dramatu na Staroměstském rynku 21. června 1621, jehož obětí bylo 27 vůdců stavovského povstání. Od této události odvíjí v retrospektivním pohledu a několika dějových rovinách spádně koncipovaný příběh protihabsburského odboje českých stavů v letech 1618–1620, uzavřený jejich porážkou 8. listopadu 1620 na Bílé hoře. Do výkladu bělohorské tragédie, v závěru reflektované jako dějinný mýtus, zahrnuje vedle rekonstrukcí hlavních událostí i osudy jejich protagonistů, vysvětluje strukturu správy Českého království, náboženské souvislosti i mocenské ambice vládců raně novověké Evropy. Páté, upravené vydání.

This volume is dedicated to a specific kind of Renaissance publications - to books with portraits of famous people. Illustrium Imagines has become a phrase denoting the very tenet of early modern individualism as well as the phenomenon of the widespread individual popularity acquired through book illustration and prints. The first part of the study deals with major characteristics of portrait books from the very beginnings in the biographies of classical antiquity to their new role as a medium of information, representation and propaganda in the early modern world. The second part of the study consists of a bibliographical list of publications that correspond to criteria of portrait books. The catalogue contains 173 major units, most of them illustrated by one typical portrait.

La guerre de Trente ans (1618-1648) fut le plus grand et le plus important des conflits qui ont marqué l'Europe moderne. Son échelle, sa durée et l'intensité des violences lui ont donné un caractère singulier. Structurellement, il ne s'agissait pourtant que d'une partie d'un affrontement plus large qui opposait les deux branches de la dynastie des Habsbourg à leurs nombreux adversaires.Cet ouvrage propose une synthèse claire et détaillée des différentes phases de ce conflit. Il explique la naissance et l'évolution de la guerre de Trente Ans en donnant à son centre de gravité (le Saint Empire) germanique tout le poids qui lui revient, mais en l'analysant dans son contexte européen, voire mondial. Il interroge son caractère spécifique, entre guerre de Religion, guerre civile et guerre entre Etats. Outre les développements politiques et diplomatiques de la période, il s'attache également à décrire les impacts d'un conflit qui marquera en profondeur les Etats (politiquement et économiquement) comme les populations, confrontées aux violences guerrières.Enfin, il montre comment le traité de Westphalie qui clôt le conflit est l'acte fondateur de l'Europe moderne, en constituant un espace et une communauté politique, de l'Espagne jusqu'à la Suède, en y intégrant ou, au moins, en y associant l'Angleterre et la Russie. Car c'est bien la guerre de Trente ans qui a établi cette Europe en formulant des règles du jeu (et de la guerre) qui valaient pour tous et en faisant naître la nécessité d'un équilibre entre les royaumes.Des cartes, des illustrations et des généalogies complètent le volume.

In der Geografie, als einer Leitwissenschaft in Sachen «Landschaft», definiert man aktuell Städtelandschaften als maßstäblich und räumlich ganz unterschiedliche Ebenen. Diese lassen sich auf einzelne Städte, auf bestimmte Stadtregionen und selbst auf Metropolregionen oder die seit 1918 eingeführte Megalopolis projizieren. Historiker verstehen unter einer «Städtelandschaft» meist ein Gebiet mittlerer Größenordnung mit unterschiedlich starker Urbanisierung, wobei in der «Stadtlandschaft» Städte und Märkte, Bürger und Händler im umschriebenen Raum zwangsläufig eine dominierende Rolle spielen. Der interterritoriale Vergleich führt uns einerseits hinaus in die Welt der europäischen Urbanität, andererseits liegt ein deutlicher Fokus auf den großen wie kleinen Städten Süddeutschlands. In Farbe und Ausführlichkeit analysieren die Autoren dort die Stadtkultur vom Mittelalter bis zur Moderne. Politische, soziale und ökonomische Netzwerke werden ebenso behandelt wie spannende interstädtische Bezüge durch Reisende, Gelehrsamkeit, Schulen, Literatur oder Musik. Teildisziplinen wie die Historische Ortsnamenforschung runden das Bild ab.

This collection of sixteen essays deals with the role of magic, religion and witchcraft in European culture, 1450-1650, and the critical role of the visual in that culture. It covers the relationship of humanism and magic; the intersection of religious ritual, orthodoxy and power; the discursive links between the visual language of witchcraft and contemporary anxieties about sexuality and savagery. The introductory chapter urges us to exorcise our tendency to reduce historical experiences of the demonic to forms of unreason created in a distant past. Only then can we understand the role of the demonic in our historical definition of the self and the other. Richly illustrated with 112 images, the book will interest historians and art historians.

Japan on the Jesuit Stage offers a comprehensive overview of the representations of Japan in early modern European Neo-Latin school theater. The chapters in the volume catalog and analyze representative plays which were produced in the hundreds all over Europe, from the Iberian Peninsula to present-day Croatia and Poland. Taking full account of existing scholarship, but also introducing a large amount of previously unknown primary material, the contributions by European and Japanese researchers significantly expand the horizon of investigation on early modern European theatrical reception of East Asian elements and will be of particular interest to students of global history, Neo-Latin, and theater studies.

This volume examines the image-based methods of interpretation that pictorial and literary landscapists employed between 1500 and 1700. The seventeen essays ask how landscape, construed as the description of place in image and/or text, more than merely inviting close viewing, was often seen to call for interpretation or, better, for the application of a method or principle of interpretation. Contributors: Boudewijn Bakker, William M. Barton, Stijn Bussels, Reindert Falkenburg, Margaret Goehring, Andrew Hui, Sarah McPhee, Luke Morgan, Shelley Perlove, Kathleen P. Long, Lukas Reddemann, Denis Ribouillault, Paul J. Smith, Troy Tower, and Michel Weemans.

As one of the most frequently commentated on biblical books during antiquity and the middle ages, the Song of Songs has played a central role in the history of Christian spirituality. At a time of heightened interest in the Song of Songs among biblical scholars, historians, and students of spirituality, this Companion to the Song of Songs in the History of Spirituality provides a state-of-the art overview of its history, challenges some conventional wisdom, and presents innovative studies of some lesser-known aspects of the Song's reception. The essays in this volume—including a chapter on Jewish interpretation—present the diverse forms of spirituality inspired by the Song since the beginning of the Christian era. Contributors: Ann W. Astell, Mark S. Burrows, Emily Cain, Catherine Cavadini, Rabia Gregory, Arthur Holder, Jason Kalman, Suzanne LaVere, Hannah Matis, Bernard McGinn, Timothy H. Robinson, and Karl Shuve.

Images of Miraculous Healing in the Early Modern Netherlands explores the ways in which paintings and prints of biblical miracles shaped viewers'approaches to physical and sensory impairments and bolstered their belief in supernatural healing and charitable behavior. Drawing upon a vast range of sources, Barbara Kaminska demonstrates that visual imagery held a central place in premodern disability discourses, and that the exegesis of New Testament miracle stories determined key attitudes toward the sick and the poor. Addressed to middle-class collectors, many of the images analyzed in this study have hitherto been neglected by art historians. Link to book presentation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79jHEmTOKnU

Zwischen 1606 und 1609 entwickelte sich in Polen-Litauen ein Adelsaufstand gegen König Sigismund III. Wasa, der unter der Führung des polnischen Katholiken Mikołaj Zebrzydowski und des litauischen Reformierten Janusz Radziwiłł stand. Anhand dieses Konflikts um politisch-soziale Repräsentation untersucht Kolja Lichy das Verhältnis von Adel und Gemeinwesen in Polen-Litauen. Sein Fokus liegt auf dem Problem, wie sich das ständische Selbstverständnis von Adel mit der Frage nach der herrschaftlichen Organisation des Gemeinwesens verband. Seine Analyse verbindet er mit der Frage nach einem bereits zeitgenössisch wahrgenommenen, schließlich auch im Nachhinein postulierten Sinnzusammenhang des Aufstandsgeschehens. Schließlich ließen besonderes die späteren Interpretationen den Rokosz zu einem ebenso emblematischen wie schwer einzuordnenden Ereignis der frühneuzeitlichen Geschichte Polen-Litauens werden.

Migration stellt eine phänomenologische und prozesshistorische Konstante in Europa dar. Seit der Spätantike stellt die Migration in Europa eine Normalität dar und ist Gegenstand von bewusstem wie auch unbewusstem Wandel. So sind europäische Gesellschaften stetig inhomogene und sich wandelnde Formationen. Der Wandel durch Migration steht im Spannungsfeld zwischen Anpassung, Identitätssuche und Identitätswahrung. Dabei spielt Religion und religiöser Wandel als Faktor von gesellschaftlichem Wandel eine bedeutende Rolle. Der Staat dagegen vertritt eine ambivalente Position zwischen ökonomischen (Entwicklungs-) Interessen, gesellschaftlicher Organisation und allgemeiner Akzeptanz. Die europäischen Gesellschaften erweisen sich als multipolare, kulturelle Mischgebilde mit gebrochenen Identitätsstrukturen, deren bedeutender Teil der Religionsfaktor ist. Umso stärker scheinen Migrationsbewegungen einerseits, amorphe Grenzziehungszwänge und Kulturempfinden andererseits in einem Spannungsverhältnis zueinander zu stehen, das durch den Religionsfaktor dynamisiert wird. Für unterschiedliche Epochen der vormodernen Geschichte Europas wird daher den Wechselwirkungen religiös motivierter Mobilität auf die Migranten wie auch die Aufnahmegesellschaften interdisziplinär nachgespürt. Migration und Integration werden dabei anhand des Formierungsprozesses der lateinisch-römischen Christenheit, seiner verschiedenen Stadien und Gruppen problematisiert. Die daraus erkennbaren Entwicklungslinien sind zwar prozessual, nicht aber teleologisch zu verstehen, insofern ihre Gemeinsamkeiten die vielfältige, keineswegs gleichförmige Entwicklung der lateinisch-römischen Christenheit abbildet.

Early Modern Knowledge Societies as Affective Economies researches the development of knowledge economies in Early Modern Europe. Starting with the Southern and Northern Netherlands as important early hubs for marketing knowledge, it analyses knowledge economies in the dynamics of a globalizing world.The book brings together scholars and perspectives from history, art history, material culture, book history, history of science and literature to analyse the relationship between knowledge and markets. How did knowledge grow into a marketable product? What knowledge about markets was available in this period, and how did it develop? By connecting these questions the authors show how knowledge markets operated, not only economically but also culturally, through communication and affect. Knowledge societies are analysed as affective communities, spaces and practices. Compelling case studies describe the role of emotions such as hope, ambition, desire, love, fascination, adventure and disappointment – on driving merchants, contractors and consumers to operate in the market of knowledge. In so doing, the book offers innovative perspectives on the development of knowledge markets and the valuation of knowledge.Introducing the reader to different perspectives on how knowledge markets operated from both an economic and cultural perspective, this book will be of great use to students, graduates and scholars of early modern history, economic history, the history of emotions and the history of the Low Countries.

Demonology – the intellectual study of demons and their powers – contributed to the prosecution of thousands of witches. But how exactly did intellectual ideas relate to prosecutions? Recent scholarship has shown that some of the demonologists'concerns remained at an abstract intellectual level, while some of the judges'concerns reflected popular culture. This book brings demonology and witch-hunting back together, while placing both topics in their specific regional cultures.The book's chapters, each written by a leading scholar, cover most regions of Europe, from Scandinavia and Britain through to Germany, France and Switzerland, and Italy and Spain. By focusing on various intellectual levels of demonology, from sophisticated demonological thought to the development of specific demonological ideas and ideas within the witch trial environment, the book offers a thorough examination of the relationship between demonology and witch-hunting.Demonology and Witch-Hunting in Early Modern Europe is essential reading for all students and researchers of the history of demonology, witch-hunting and early modern Europe.

Badekultur und Muße stehen seit jeher in einem spannungsvollen Zusammenhang, weil sowohl die Praktiken des Badens als auch die gesellschaftliche Bewertung von Muße erheblichen Schwankungen unterworfen waren. Die Vorstellungen darüber, ob, wann, wie, in welcher Art und mit welchem Nutzen zu baden sei, wandelten sich ständig und fanden Niederschlag in mannigfaltigen kulturellen Zeugnissen, welche in den hier versammelten Beiträgen aus Kunstgeschichte, Archäologie, Mediävistik, Musikwissenschaft und Literaturwissenschaft untersucht werden. Die Beiträge des vorliegenden Bandes geben einen Überblick über Badekultur, Badeanlagen und Badepraktiken von der Antike bis zur Moderne und wollen darüber hinaus zur weitergehenden Erforschung dieses bislang eher stiefmütterlich behandelten Themenkomplexes anregen. Behandelt werden mit den Badeanlagen im antiken Baiae oder mit Zumthors Therme in Vals der räumlich-architektonische Rahmen des Badens. Die Auswertung literarischer und medizinischer Schriften rückt moralische und gesundheitliche Fragen in den Blick. Außerdem werden größere badekulturelle Zusammenhänge in der Antike, in der höfischen Kultur des Hoch- und Spätmittelalters sowie in den Kurorten des 19. Jahrhunderts verdeutlicht.

How have ruins become so valued in Western culture and so central to our art and literature? Covering a vast chronological and geographical range, from ancient Egyptian inscriptions to twentieth-century memorials, Susan Stewart seeks to answer this question as she traces the appeal of ruins and ruins images, and the lessons that writers and artists have drawn from their haunting forms. Stewart takes us on a sweeping journey through founding legends of broken covenants and original sin, the Christian appropriation of the classical past, and images of decay in early modern allegory. Stewart looks in depth at the works of Goethe, Piranesi, Blake, and Wordsworth, each of whom found in ruins a means of reinventing his art. Lively and engaging, The Ruins Lesson ultimately asks what can resist ruination—and finds in the self-transforming, ever-fleeting practices of language and thought a clue to what might truly endure.

Religiöses Wissen, so die Grundannahme des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs'Religiöses Wissen im vormodernen Europa (800-1800)', entsteht in der Auseinandersetzung mit dem in der Bibel offenbarten, aber nicht greifbaren Wissen. Im alltäglichen Umgang der religiösen Experten und Laien wird es jedoch immer wieder transformiert und an die zeitspezifischen Gegebenheiten angepasst. Die dabei entstehenden diskursiven Konkurrenzen zwischen religiösem Wissen und anderen Wissensfeldern stehen im Fokus des interdisziplinär angelegten Sammelbands. Die Beiträge thematisieren die unterschiedlichen Verfahrensweisen, durch die religiöses Wissen in den Bereichen der Naturforschung, Kunst oder Literatur adaptiert und modelliert wird, sowie die dabei zu Tage tretenden Spannungen, Konkurrenzen oder Synergien.

Protestantism during the early modern period is still predominantly presented as a European story. Advancing a novel framework to understand the nature and impact of the Protestant Reformations, this volume brings together leading scholars to substantially integrate global Protestant experiences into accounts of the early modern world created by the Reformations, to compare Protestant ideas and practices with other world religions, to chart colonial politics and experiences, and to ask how resulting ideas and identities were negotiated by Europeans at the time. Through its wide geographical and chronological scope, Protestant Empires advances a new approach to understanding the Protestant Reformations. Showcasing selective model approaches on how to think anew, and pointing the way towards a multi-national and connected account of the Protestant Reformations, this volume demonstrates how global interactions and their effect on Europe have played a crucial role in the history of the'long Reformation'in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

The term ad vivum and its cognates al vivo, au vif, nach dem Leben and naer het leven have been applied since the thirteenth century to depictions designated as from, to or after (the) life. This book explores the issues raised by this vocabulary and related terminology with reference to visual materials produced and used in Europe before 1800, including portraiture, botanical, zoological, medical and topographical images, images of novel and newly discovered phenomena, and likenesses created through direct contact with the object being depicted. The designation ad vivum was not restricted to depictions made directly after the living model, and was often used to advertise the claim of an image to be a faithful likeness or a bearer of reliable information. Viewed as an assertion of accuracy or truth, ad vivum raises a number of fundamental questions in the area of early modern epistemology – questions about the value and prestige of visual and/or physical contiguity between image and original, about the kinds of information which were thought important and dependably transmissible in material form, and about the roles of the artist in that transmission. The recent interest of historians of early modern art in how value and meaning are produced and reproduced by visual materials which do not conform to the definition of art as unique invention, and of historians of science and of art in the visualisation of knowledge, has placed the questions surrounding ad vivum at the centre of their common concerns. Contributors: Thomas Balfe, José Beltrán, Carla Benzan, Eleanor Chan, Robert Felfe, Mechthild Fend, Sachiko Kusukawa, Pieter Martens, Richard Mulholland, Noa Turel, Joanna Woodall, and Daan Van Heesch.

Winner of the 2020 Bainton Prize for Reference Works This volume, edited by Pamela M. Jones, Barbara Wisch, and Simon Ditchfield, focuses on Rome from 1492-1692, an era of striking renewal: demographic, architectural, intellectual, and artistic. Rome's most distinctive aspects--including its twin governments (civic and papal), unique role as the seat of global Catholicism, disproportionately male population, and status as artistic capital of Europe--are examined from numerous perspectives. This book of 30 chapters, intended for scholars and students across the academy, fills a noteworthy gap in the literature. It is the only multidisciplinary study of 16th- and 17th-century Rome that synthesizes and critiques past and recent scholarship while offering innovative analyses of a wide range of topics and identifying new avenues for research. Committee's statement'The volume includes a multidisciplinary study of early modern Rome by focusing on the 16th and 17th centuries by re-examining traditional topics anew. This volume will be of tremendous use to scholars and students because its focus is very well conceptualized and organized, while still covering a breadth of topics. The authors celebrate Rome's diversity by exploring its role not only as the seat of the Catholic church, but also as home to large communities of diplomats, printers, and working artisans, all of whom contributed to the city's visual, material, and musical cultures'. Roland H.Bainton Prizes Contributors are: Renata Ago, Elisa Andretta, Katherine Aron-Beller, Lisa Beaven, Eleonora Canepari, Christopher Carlsmith, Patrizia Cavazzini, Elizabeth S. Cohen, Thomas V. Cohen, Jeffrey Collins, Simon Ditchfield, Anna Esposito, Federica Favino, Daniele V. Filippi, Irene Fosi, Kenneth Gouwens, Giuseppe Antonio Guazzelli, John M. Hunt, Pamela M. Jones, Carla Keyvanian, Margaret A. Kuntz, Stephanie C. Leone, Evelyn Lincoln, Jessica Maier, Laurie Nussdorfer, Toby Osborne, Miles Pattenden, Denis Ribouillault, Katherine W. Rinne, Minou Schraven, John Beldon Scott, Barbara Wisch, Arnold A. Witte.

Die Habsburgermonarchie bleibt in Überblicksdarstellungen zum Dreißigjährigen Krieg meist eher am Rande der Darstellung – lediglich am Beginn und gegen Ende des Kriegs gerät sie prominenter in den Blick. Der Band gibt einleitend einen Überblick zu den Ereignissen in den verschiedenen Ländern der Monarchie, die von Kriegshandlungen und Kriegsfolgen sehr unterschiedlich betroffen waren. Die Beiträge, denen sich solche zu den Habsburgern als Landesfürsten und Kriegsherren, zu Kriegsfinanzen, verschiedenen Selbstzeugnisse und zur Erinnerungskultur anschließen, machen vor allem eines deutlich: Der Dreißigjährige Krieg hat das Leben der Menschen in der Habsburgermonarchie sehr viel tiefgreifender beeinflusst, als bislang oft vermutet. Neben den direkten Kriegsfolgen machten sich die Einquartierungen, die drückende Steuerlast oder auch die Bauernunruhen in verschiedenen Teilen der Monarchie deutlich bemerkbar.

Recent interest in the economic aspects of the history of art have taken traditional studies into new areas of enquiry. Going well beyond provenances or prices of individual objects, our understanding of the arts has been advanced by research into the demands, intermediaries and clients in the market. Eighteenth-century Rome offers a privileged view of such activities, given the continuity of remarkable investments by the local ruling class, combined with the decisive impact of external agents, largely linked to the Grand Tour. This book, the result of collaboration between international specialists, brings back into the spotlight protagonists, facts and dynamics that have remained unexplored for many years.

Winner of the Third Neu-Whitrow Prize (2021) granted by the Commission on Bibliography and Documentation of IUHPS-DHST Additional background information This book provides bibliographic information, ownership records, a detailed worldwide census and a description of the handwritten annotations for all the surviving copies of the 1543 and 1555 editions of Vesalius'De humani corporis fabrica. It also offers a groundbreaking historical analysis of how the Fabrica traveled across the globe, and how readers studied, annotated and critiqued its contents from 1543 to 2017. The Fabrica of Andreas Vesalius sheds a fresh light on the book's vibrant reception history and documents how physicians, artists, theologians and collectors filled its pages with copious annotations. It also offers a novel interpretation of how an early anatomical textbook became one of the most coveted rare books for collectors in the 21st century.

Robin Raybould's Hieroglyph, Emblem and Renaissance Pictography is the first English translation of Ludwig Volkmann's Bilderschriften der Renaissance, the classic text which promoted the symbol as a defining cultural and literary characteristic of early modern Europe. Volkmann enumerates and describes many of the works which illustrated the contemporary obsession with hieroglyph, emblem and device, particularly those from France and Germany, thus complementing Karl Giehlow's earlier Hieroglyphenkunde on the subject. Volkmann's book highlights both Renaissance theories of the image as language and the symbol as an aid to an understanding of the meaning of life and the nature of God. Raybould's translation has been described as elegant, admirable and impeccable and includes an introduction, extensive notes and several additional essays on topics relevant to the field.

Frans Floris de Vriendt radically transformed Netherlandish art. His monumental mythologies introduced a new appreciation for the heroic nude to the Low Countries and his religious art challenged standards of decorum. Born into a family of sculptors and architects, Floris refashioned his art through travel, first studying with the humanist painter Lambert Lombard in Liège and then continuing on to Italy. These experiences defined the hybridizing novelty of his art, forged by juxtaposing antique and modern, Italian and northern sources. This book maps Floris's hybrid style onto shifting conceptions of cultural, religious, and political identity on the eve of the Dutch Revolt. It explores his collaborations and rivalries, engagement with artistic theory, hierarchical workshop, and revolutionary use of print.

In Jacopo Strada and Cultural Patronage at the Imperial Court: Antiquity as Innovation, Dirk Jansen provides a survey of the life and career of the antiquary, architect, and courtier Jacopo Strada (Mantua 1515–Vienna 1588). His manifold activities — also as a publisher and as an agent and artistic and scholarly advisor of powerful patrons such as Hans Jakob Fugger, the Duke of Bavaria and the Emperors Ferdinand I and Maximilian II — are examined in detail, and studied within the context of the cosmopolitan learned and courtly environments in which he moved. These volumes offer a substantial reassessment of Strada's importance as an agent of change, transmitting the ideas and artistic language of the Italian Renaissance to the North.

This volume explores the various strategies by which appropriate pasts were construed in scholarship, literature, art, and architecture in order to create “national”, regional, or local identities in late medieval and early modern Europe. Because authority was based on lineage, political and territorial claims were underpinned by historical arguments, either true or otherwise. Literature, scholarship, art, and architecture were pivotal media that were used to give evidence of the impressive old lineage of states, regions, or families. These claims were related not only to classical antiquity but also to other periods that were regarded as antiquities, such as the Middle Ages, especially the chivalric age. The authors of this volume analyse these intriguing early modern constructions of “antiquity” and investigate the ways in which they were applied in political, intellectual and artistic contexts in the period of 1400–1700. Contributors include: Barbara Arciszewska, Bianca De Divitiis, Karl Enenkel, Hubertus Günther, Thomas Haye, Harald Hendrix, Stephan Hoppe, Marc Laureys, Frédérique Lemerle, Coen Maas, Anne-Françoise Morel, Kristoffer Neville, Konrad Ottenheym, Yves Pauwels, Christian Peters, Christoph Pieper, David Rijser, Bernd Roling, Nuno Senos, Paul Smith, Pieter Vlaardingerbroek, and Matthew Walker.

Geschlecht und Sexualität sind konstitutiv für die Geschichte der europäischen Moderne. Wie sehr die historische Gesellschaftsanalyse von einer konsequenten Einbeziehung der Kategorie'Geschlecht'profitieren kann, demonstrieren die Autorinnen und Autoren dieses Bandes. Der Fokus liegt auf der Geschichte der europäischen Neuzeit, insbesondere des 20. Jahrhunderts. Anhand der Themenfelder Feminismus, Frauenarbeit, Männlichkeiten sowie Körper und Sexualitäten werden zum einen zentrale theoretische und methodische Weichenstellungen der Frauen- und Geschlechtergeschichte nachgezeichnet und zum anderen die große Bandbreite an Themen und Perspektiven verdeutlicht, welche die Geschlechtergeschichte bietet. Als Studien- und Lehrbuch konzipiert, führen alle Beiträge eine intensive quellenkritische Analyse des Untersuchungsmaterials durch, das von der'Erklärung der Rechte der Frau'von Olympe de Gouge aus dem Jahre 1791 bis zum Rap-Song'Ahmet Gündüz'von Fresh Familee aus dem Jahre 1990/91 reicht. Der Band ist ein Plädoyer für Methoden- und Perspektivenvielfalt, um die Entwicklung der europäischen Geschlechterordnung(en) der Neuzeit in ihrer Mannigfaltigkeit und auch Widersprüchlichkeit aufzuzeigen.

This study reexamines the invention of the emblem book and discusses the novel textual and pictorial means that applied to the task of transmitting knowledge. It offers a fresh analysis of Alciato's Emblematum liber, focusing on his poetics of the emblem, and on how he actually construed emblems. It demonstrates that the “father of emblematics” had vernacular forebears, most importantly Johann von Schwarzenberg who composed two illustrated emblem books between 1510 and 1520. The study sheds light on the early development of the Latin emblem book 1531–1610, with special emphasis on the invention of the emblematic commentary, on natural history, and on advanced methods of conveying emblematic knowledge, from Junius to Vaenius.

This volume revisits Genette's definition of the printed book's liminal devices, or paratexts, as ‘thresholds of interpretation'by focussing specifically on translations produced in Britain in the early age of print (1473-1660). At a time when translation played a major role in shaping English and Scottish literary culture, paratexts afforded translators and their printers a privileged space in which to advertise their activities, display their social and ideological affiliations, influence literary tastes, and fashion Britain's representations of the cultural ‘other'.Written by an international team of scholars of translation and material culture, the ten essays in the volume examine the various material shapes, textual forms, and cultural uses of paratexts as markers (and makers) of cultural exchange in early modern Britain. The collection will be of interest to scholars of early modern translation, print, and literary culture, and, more broadly, to those studying the material and cultural aspects of text production and circulation in early modern Europe.

This book explores the spatial, material, and affective dimensions of solitude in the late medieval and early modern periods, a hitherto largely neglected topic. Its focus is on the dynamic qualities of “space” and “place”, which are here understood as being shaped, structured, and imbued with meaning through both social and discursive solitary practices such as reading, writing, studying, meditating, and praying. Individual chapters investigate the imageries and imaginaries of outdoor and indoor spaces and places associated with solitude and its practices and examine the ways in which the space of solitude was conceived of, imagined, and represented in the arts and in literature, from about 1300 to about 1800.Contributors include Oskar Bätschmann, Carla Benzan, Mette Birkedal Bruun, Dominic E. Delarue, Karl A.E. Enenkel, Christine Göttler, Agnès Guiderdoni, Christiane J. Hessler, Walter S. Melion, Raphaèle Preisinger, Bernd Roling, Paul Smith, Marie Theres Stauffer, Arnold A. Witte, and Steffen Zierholz.

How were the relations among image, imagination and cognition characterized in the period 1500 – 1800? The authors of this volume argue that in those three centuries, a thoroughgoing transformation affected the following issues: (i) what it meant to understand phenomena in the natural world (cognition); (ii) how such phenomena were visualized or pictured (images, including novel types of diagrams, structural models, maps, etc.); and (iii) what role was attributed to the faculty of the imagination (psychology, creativity). The essays collected in this volume examine the new conceptions that were advanced and the novel ways of comprehending and expressing the relations among image, imagination, and cognition. They also shed light, from a variety of perspectives, on the elusive nexus of conceptions and practices.

In 1559 and 1561, the Antwerp print publisher Hieronymus Cock issued an unprecedented series of landscape prints known today simply as the Small Landscapes. The forty-four prints included in the series offer views of the local countryside surrounding Antwerp in simple, unembellished compositions. At a time when vast panoramic and allegorical landscapes dominated the art market, the Small Landscapes represent a striking innovation. This book offers the first comprehensive analysis of the significance of the Small Landscapes in early modern print culture. It charts a diachronic history of the series over the century it was in active circulation, from 1559 to the middle of the seventeenth century. Adopting the lifespan of the prints as the framework of the study, Alexandra Onuf analyzes the successive states of the plates and the changes to the series as a whole in order to reveal the shifting artistic and contextual valences of the images at their different moments and places of publication. This unique case study allows for a new perspective on the trajectory of print publishing over the course of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries across multiple publishing houses, highlighting the seminal importance of print publishers in the creation and dissemination of visual imagery and cultural ideas. Looking at other visual materials and contemporary sources – including texts as diverse as humanist poetry and plays, agricultural manuals, polemical broadsheets, and peasant songs – Onuf situates the Small Landscapes within the larger cultural discourse on rural land and the meaning of the local in the turbulent early modern Netherlands. The study focuses new attention on the active and reciprocal intersections between printed pictures and broader cultural, economic and political phenomena.

This book analyses royal education in nineteenth-century, constitutional Spain. Its main subjects are Isabel II (1830- 1904), Alfonso XII (1857-1885) and Alfonso XIII (1886-1941) during their time as monarchs-in-waiting. Their upbringing was considered an opportunity to shape the future of Spain, reflected the political struggles that emerged during the construction of a liberal state, and allowed for the modernisation of the monarchy. The education of heirs to the throne was taken seriously by contemporaries and assumed wider political, social and cultural significance. This volume is structured around three powerful groups which showed an active interest, influenced, and significantly shaped royal education: the court, the military, and the public. It throws new light on the position of the Spanish monarchy in the constitutional state, its ability to adapt to social, political, and cultural change, and its varied sources of legitimacy, power, and attraction.