Search

Description based on print version record.

Description based on print version record.

Description based on print version record.

The annual AIDS epidemic update reports on the latest developments in the global AIDS epidemic. With maps and regional summaries, the 2009 edition provides the most recent estimates of the epidemic's scope and human toll and explores new trends in the epidemic's evolution.

Description based on print version record.

Description based on print version record.

Many developing countries are looking to scale-up what works through major systems strengthening investments. With leadership, conviction and commitment, systems thinking can facilitate and accelerate the strengthening of systems to more effectively deliver interventions to those in need and be better able to improve health in an equitable way. Systems thinking is not a panacea. Its application does not mean that resolving problems and weaknesses will come easily or naturally or without overcoming the inertia of the established way of doing things. But it will identify, with more precision, where some of the true blockages and challenges lie. It will help to: 1) explore these problems from a systems perspective; 2) show potentials of solutions that work across sub-systems; 3) promote dynamic networks of diverse stakeholders; 4) inspire learning; and 5) foster more system-wide planning, evaluation and research. And it will increase the likelihood that health system strengthening investments and interventions will be effective. The more often and more comprehensively the actors and components of the system can talk to each other from within a common framework --communicating, sharing, problem-solving - the better chance any initiative to strengthen health systems has. Real progress will undoubtedly require time, significant change, and momentum to build capacity across the system. However, the change is necessary - and needed now. This report therefore speaks to health system stewards, researchers and funders and maps out a set of strategies and activities to harness these approaches, to link them to these emerging opportunities and to assist systems thinking to become the norm in design and evaluation of interventions in health systems. But, the final message is to the funders of health system strengthening and health systems research who will.

En este informe se investiga de qu manera el pensamiento sist mico permite profundizar en los fundamentos te ricos y pr cticos de las iniciativas que tienen por objeto el fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud. En este informe insignia de la Alianza para la Investigaci n en Pol ticas y Sistemas de Salud se exponen los argumentos en favor del pensamiento sist mico de manera f cilmente comprensible por una amplia audiencia interdisciplinaria en la que tienen cabida, entre otros, los rectores de los sistemas de salud, los ejecutores de programas, los investigadores, los evaluadores y los asocia.

A l'heure ou ils cherchent a renforcer leurs systemes de sante, les pays se tournent de plus en plus vers les soins de sante primaires (SSP) pour trouver une orientation nouvelle et plus claire. Le Rapport sur la sante dans le monde 2008 analyse la facon dont les soins de sante primaires, fondes sur les principes d'acces universel, d'equite et de justice sociale, constituent une reponse essentielle aux defis sanitaires d'un monde en evolution rapide et aux attentes croissantes des pays et de leurs citoyens en matiere de sante et de soins.''Le Rapport''identifie quatre series indissociables de.

This publication provides a comprehensive assessment of the health of the world's population in 2004. It provides a framework for integrating the available information on mortality and health in populations to assess the comparative importance of diseases and injuries in causing premature death, loss of health and disability in all regions of the world. This report draws upon the databases of the World Health Organization and information provided by member states to provide detailed estimates of premature mortality, disability and loss of health for 135 causes by age and sex for the world as a whole, for regions of the world, and for countries grouped by average income per capita.--Publisher's description.

Understanding the history of health during the past 60 years helps us to respond to the health challenges of today. Sharing health knowledge inspired by history enriches global public health and benefits society at large. This volume offers insights into not only the Organization itself but also the political, social and economic background against which many far-reaching health decisions were made. It reflects the first five of the'Mahler years', which saw growing support for the primary health care movement. Thirty years after Alma-Ata, that movement is once again much in evidence; primary health care is again a WHO priority, in a renewed, reinvigorated form.--Publisher's description.

Health targets can help to improve the governance of health systems. They express a commitment to achieve specified outputs over a defined period, and allow progress towards broad goals and objectives to be monitored.They may be quantitative or qualitative, and based on outcomes or processes.This book draws on a series of case studies on the use of health targets, written by experts from Catalonia (Spain), England (United Kingdom), Flanders (Belgium), France, Germany, Hungary and the RussianFederation. It reviews the major technical, managerial and political challenges of defining and implementing health targets. While they help focus attention on agreed goals, to realize their potential they need to be based on evidence, accepted by those who work to achieve them, be embedded in frameworks of mutual accountability, linked to appropriate incentives and/or sanctions and supported by an adequate intelligence infrastructure.The experiences of these countries and regions can serve as examples to all those in government who strive to improve the performance of their health systems.

In the Eastern Mediterranean Region, the knowledge base on social determinants and how these influence health is sparse. This publication reviews the social determinants of health in seven countries of the region and represents a first step towards building a knowledge base that can inform policy and strategies related to social determinants and the health inequities arising from them. The publication also discusses some of the strategies that could be adopted to forward the agenda on social determinants of health and health equity in individual countries. An EMRO Publication

Decididos a reforzar sus sistemas de salud, los pases se ven obligados cada vez ms a reconocer que la perspectiva de la atencin primaria de salud (APS) puede proporcionarles el nuevo y ms definido rumbo.

The Final Report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health sets out key areas of daily living conditions and of the underlying structural drivers that influence them in which action is needed. It provides analysis of social determinants of health and concrete examples of types of action that have proven effective in improving health and health equity in countries at all levels of socioeconomic development.--Publisher's description.

Social inequality is widely recognized as an important cause of conflict and the social determinants of health in conflict settings reflect and reinforce these inequalities. This publication explores the impact of conflict and occupation on the health of people in six countries of the region, identifying loss of human rights, breaches of medical neutrality and psychosocial distress as key determinants that affect people's health in crisis settings. The publication also identifies some examples of activities and interventions that may help to mitigate the impact of these conflicts on the health.

'On behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies'--T.p. verso.

The World Health Report 2007 - A Safer Future : Global Public Health Security in the 21st Century marks a turning point in the history of public health, and signals what could be one of the biggest advances in health security in half a century. It shows how the world is at increasing risk of disease outbreaks, epidemics, industrial accidents, natural disasters, and other health emergencies which can rapidly become threats to global public health security. The report explains how the revised International Health Regulations (2005), which came into force this year, helps countries to work together to identify risks and act to contain and control them. The regulations are needed because no single country, regardless of capability or wealth, can protect itself from outbreaks and other hazards without the cooperation of others. The report says the prospect of a safer future is within reach -- and that this is both a collective aspiration and a mutual responsibility.

'This publication reproduces five chapters from the Disease control priorities in developing countries, second edition (DCP2), a copublication of Oxford University Press and the World Bank'--P. vii.

Prepared by a team comprising Sarah Coll-Black... (et al.).

Intended for use in pre-service and in-service training of health professionals. Divided into six sections, this module on mental health aims to improve the awareness, knowledge and skills of health providers on poverty and gender concerns. It defines men.

The 2005 edition is an update of the first Mental Health Atlas 2001, and contains the most complete global data available on mental health resources. It shows no substantial change in global mental health resources since 2001, while there continue to be marked and growing differences in availability between high- and low-income countries. For example, while the survey of 192 countries does show a slight increase in the total number of psychiatrists from 3.96 to 4.15 per 100 000 people worldwide, distribution across regions ranges from 9.8 in Europe to just 0.04 in Africa. This disparity has increased since 2001. The Atlas notes that many countries continue to spend only a very small proportion of their total health budget on mental health. One fifth of the more than 100 countries supplying figures to the survey spend less than 1% of their health budget on mental health. This is in stark contrast to WHO's estimate that 13% of all disease burden is caused by the wide range of neuro-psychiatric disorders.'The new Atlas findings reflect the ongoing reality that the world still considers mental health care as a low priority within public health. There are enough scientific and ethical reasons to change this attitude and to invest more in mental health,'says Dr Benedetto Saraceno, Director of Mental Health and Substance Abuse at WHO.'Public health planners and decision-makers need to take the mental health needs of their populations more seriously.'The updated Mental Health Atlas 2005 is the second instalment from the WHO project to examine and strengthen mental health resources worldwide. The Atlas contains a global overview as well as country-by-country surveys covering 16 themes such as: the state of mental health policy, legislation and financing, mental health facilities, numbers of psychiatric beds and professionals, programmes for special populations and the availability of therapeutic drugs. It includes a wider range of surveyed countries than the first edition, as well as compilation of epidemiological data about mental illness in each country. The quality and quantity of information collected has been significantly improved in this edition through the inclusion of a comprehensive literature search on mental health services, resources and data, and information collected from countries, WHO offices and mental health experts and associations. This innovative tool allows researchers to search and display global, regional and country data from the Atlas, as well as to compare countries and regions and prepare tables, charts and maps for downloading. Country profiles can also be generated online. The Atlas and the on-line data base are important tools for mental health researchers, policy-makers and advocates. The data and country profiles provide strong evidence that resources must be substantially increased if mental health patients are to be adequately treated and cared for, particularly in low and middle income countries, but in many high income countries as well.

With summary.

Several guidelines on cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) already exist. There are two reasons for producing another set. The first is that traditional or'incremental'CEA ignores the question of whether the current mix of interventions represents an efficient use of resources. Secondly, the resources required to evaluate the large number of interventions required to use CEA to identify opportunities to enhance efficiency are prohibitive. The approach of Generalized CEA proposed in this Guide seeks to provide analysts with a method of assessing whether the current as well as proposed mix of interventions is efficient. It also seeks to maximize the generalizability of results across settings.

Health care should be provided efficiently, given the potential gains for patients and the population and the high cost of some kinds of care. Emphasizing the most cost-effective services can in principle attain the greatest health gains. Policies are implemented through tools available to policy makers, particularly those in government who can influence not only public expenditure and service delivery but also how private insurers and providers allocate resources among diseases and individuals. Example's of tools that nudge a health system toward greater value for money, while respecting fair.

Errata sheet inserted.

Title from eBook title screen (viewed on Apr. 20, 2004).

The report describes the amount of disease, disability and death in the world today that can be attributed to a selected number of the most important risks to human health and also calculates how much of this present burden could be avoided in the next couple of decades if the same risk factors were reduced. It shows how some of those possible reductions can be achieved in a range of cost-effective ways--P. xiii.

This report deals with the relevant WTO Agreements and the way they may influence health and health policies. At the national level, health policy makers are increasingly interested in the two-way connection between trade and health. The principle objective of this report is to describe the actual and potential linkages between relevant WTO agreements and health so as to enable both trade and health officials to better understand, and monitor the effects of, these linkages. The report examines the main WTO Agreements to health and health policies namely the Agreements on Technical Barriers to.

The global burden of disease from alcohol exceeds that of tobacco and is on a par with the burdenattributable to unsafe sex worldwide. To provide a global picture of the status of alcohol as a factor inworld health, the report begins with an overview describing the types of alcohol available around theworld and summarizing data and trends in recorded and unrecorded alcohol production and adult percapita consumption of alcohol. Prevalence of drinking and drinking patterns in the WHO regions andamong key sub-populations such as men, women and young people are described. The overview providesstatistics on the leading national producers, importers and exporters of alcohol, and describes the changingorganization of alcohol production and trends toward globalized alcohol commodities heavily supportedby marketing.