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The use and misuse of drugs is a major social, health, political and economic issue globally. This book presents a series of chapters on the impact of drug use during pregnancy; the impact of parental drug addiction on the child with recommendations for supporting children and teenagers during a parents'recovery process, the development of parental skills and renewed parent-child bonding; how improvements in positive child outcomes can result from interagency working between child protection and addiction treatment providers; prospective practitioners'views on youth work and drug education tactics with specific interest in distinguishing between social work and teaching majors intentions to work in the drugs field, their attitudes towards youth drug users, and levels of satisfactions with education and training in the field; the environmental, social and structural factors relating to drug use and sex work; the use of the mind altering plant known as Khat for social, psychological, cultural and religious reasons; over the counter codeine use, misuse and dependence, psychosocial consequences of marijuana use in terms of relaxation, enhancement and coping motives and associated outcomes; the molecular genetic mechanisms of addiction relating to amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, and opioids; the role of stress in the development of addiction to psycho-stimulant drugs in animal models; gender and mental health service provision with particular reference to alcohol related disorders and sensitivity of care, and use of motivational interviewing within the clinical context.