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This monograph explores the synergy of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Augmented Reality (AR) and cognitive processes to enhance spatial abilities — an integral aspect of cognitive development. The ability to comprehend and manipulate spatial information is not only fundamental to our understanding of the physical world but also plays a pivotal role in numerous academic and professional fields. Recognizing the profound impact of spatial ability on scientific disciplines and educational achievement, this monograph takes on the challenge of enhancing spatial skills among users.The authors present the design and development of a mobile training system that incorporates AR features to enhance learners'spatial ability. Involving mental generation, transformation, and rotation of visual images for understanding spatial relationships, spatial ability is closely linked to success in various scientific disciplines and educational pursuits. While spatial visualization skills testsare available, this monograph takes a unique approach by focusing on developing targeted interventions to improve spatial ability. It aims to unlock new avenues for cognitive growth and dive into the untapped potential within the realm of spatial intelligence. Beyond its emphasis on spatial ability enhancement, this monograph goes above and beyond traditional approaches by integrating AI techniques into the training system. As such, it aims to provide personalized and adaptive learning experiences for learners. The training system, through intelligent techniques, dynamically analyzes individual learners'strengths, weaknesses, and progress, tailoring content and challenges to their specific needs. This effort establishes a new frontier in educational technology, offering a groundbreaking solution that not only augments spatial ability development but also showcases the transformative potential of AI in reshaping the learning experience.The book is a valuable resource for researchers, educators, developers and technology enthusiasts, as it exemplifies the profound impact of AI and AR in shaping the future of online learning experiences.

Die Entwicklung des Internets, insbesondere des WWW, stößt aktuell an ihre Grenzen – sowohl technisch als auch sozio-kulturell und ökonomisch. Als Lösung wird ein neues Internet versprochen, das die Grenzen der realen und der virtuellen Welt überwinden und Realität und Digitalität verschmelzen soll – das Metaversum. Technische, semantische und organisatorische Details greifen hierzu eng ineinander. Was aber bedeutet dies bei genauerer Betrachtung? Welche technisch-technologischen Herausforderungen müssen bewältigt werden, um ein solches Verschmelzen zu erreichen? Welche ökonomischen Möglichkeiten eröffnen sich– und welche verbieten sich möglicherweise? Wie kann erreicht werden, dass ein offenes und für jeden benutzbares Metaversum entsteht? Und wie kann vermieden werden, dass auch in diesem neuen Metaversum wenige große Anbieter ihre proprietären Ideen durchsetzen? Für diese Fragen soll dieses Buch Antworten aufzeigen.

The Springer Handbook of Augmented Reality presents a comprehensive and authoritative guide to augmented reality (AR) technology, its numerous applications, and its intersection with emerging technologies. This book traces the history of AR from its early development, discussing the fundamentals of AR and its associated science.The handbook begins by presenting the development of AR over the last few years, mentioning the key pioneers and important milestones. It then moves to the fundamentals and principles of AR, such as photogrammetry, optics, motion and objects tracking, and marker-based and marker-less registration. The book discusses both software toolkits and techniques and hardware related to AR, before presenting the applications of AR. This includes both end-user applications like education and cultural heritage, and professional applications within engineering fields, medicine and architecture, amongst others. The book concludes with the convergence of AR with other emerging technologies, such as Industrial Internet of Things and Digital Twins. The handbook presents a comprehensive reference on AR technology from an academic, industrial and commercial perspective, making it an invaluable resource for audiences from a variety of backgrounds.

This edited book introduces readers to the area of “Everyday Virtual and Augmented Reality”. With Virtual and Augmented Reality technologies, becoming more pervasive in our homes and workplaces, new use cases and scenarios emerge together with new challenges that need to be addressed. These challenges encompass the design and implementation of appropriate VR/AR applications for ordinary environments that were not built with the explicit intention of supporting VR systems. The everyday/domestic environments present a range of issues that are usually not present in the physical locations purposed for VR and AR use in academic or professional environments, such as constrained spaces, presence of obstacles, absence of instrumentation, social and organizational restrictions etc. To address the above challenges, we collect the latest work from the Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality research community, by combining the presentation of general definitions and characterization of thefield, of interaction concepts and techniques, of a variety of use cases and areas. The constellation of different environment examples (from education, sport to consumer and marketing), from across the globe and platforms, provide a comprehensive discussion on scientific and engineering methods, which enable the development of VR/AR systems in everyday context.

Augmented and virtual reality are media innovations with specific characteristics. They create immersion in the user, as the user is immersed in the medium and its 360° environment. To successfully develop content and applications for AR and VR, psychological effects, the specifics of the 360° environment, the story, and the way the media is used must be aligned with the needs and experiences of the user. Content producers face novel challenges in content development, method selection, teamwork, and the overall production process of AR and VR experiences.The book introduces readers to the characteristics of immersive media and provides scientific evidence and practical tips to help them produce high-quality, user-centric content for immersive media. The scientifically derived success factors in the form of checklists are a guide and an ideal basis for standardizing the production process and further developing one's own projects.This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Medieninnovationen AR und VR by Elle Langer, published by Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature in 2020. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.

This book is the first research monograph that explores a new research field and practical applications produced by the combined use of two of the most advanced and powerful technologies available in today's world – Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Augmented Reality (AR). It is written by a team of 50 researchers and practitioners from 16 countries, which has enabled a thorough coverage of emerging or previously unexplored subject areas. The authors consider practical, theoretical, and cultural aspects of “AI-powered AR” and “AR-enriched AI”, and their usage in a large variety of areas, such as education, medicine, healthcare, dentistry, pharmacy, active lifestyle, smart services, fashion, retail, recommender systems, and several others. Augmented Reality and Artificial Intelligence: The Fusion of Advanced Technologies is essential reading not only for researchers, practitioners and technology developers, but also for students (both graduates and undergraduates) and anyone who is interested in building a comprehensive understanding of the emerging fields of “intelligent augmented environments” and “artificial intelligence presented by augmented reality”.

This comprehensive textbook offers a scientifically sound and at the same time practical introduction to Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR). Readers will gain the theoretical foundation needed to design, implement or enhance VR/AR systems, evaluate and improve user interfaces and applications using VR/AR methods, assess and enrich user experiences, and develop a deeper understanding of how to apply VR/AR techniques. Whether utilizing the book for a principal course of study or reference reading, students of computer science, education, media, natural sciences, engineering and other subject areas can benefit from its in-depth content and vivid explanation. The modular structure allows selective sequencing of topics to the requirements of each teaching unit and provides an easy-to-use format from which to choose specific themes for individual self-study. Instructors are provided with extensive materials for creating courses as well as a foundational text upon whichto build their advanced topics. The book enables users from both research and industry to deal with the subject in detail so they can properly assess the extent and benefits of VR/AR deployment and determine required resources. Technology enthusiasts and professionals can learn about the current status quo in the field of VR/AR and interested newcomers can gain insight into this fascinating world. Grounded on a solid scientific foundation, this textbook, addresses topics such as perceptual aspects of VR/AR, input and output devices including tracking, interactions in virtual worlds, real-time aspects of VR/AR systems and the authoring of VR/AR applications in addition to providing a broad collection of case studies.

This book presents recent trends and enhancements in the convergence of immersive technology and smart cities. The authors discuss various domains such as medical education, construction, brain interface, interactive storytelling, edification, and journalism in relation to combining smart cities, IoT and immersive technologies. The book sets up a medium to promulgate insights and in depth understanding among experts in immersive technologies, IoT, HCI and associated establishments. The book also includes case studies, survey, models, algorithms, frameworks and implementations in storytelling, smart museum, medical education, journalism and more. Various practitioners, academicians and researchers in the domain contribute to the book.

This is the third edition of the first ever book to explore the exciting field of augmented reality art and its enabling technologies. The new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated, with 9 new chapters included. As well as investigating augmented reality as a novel artistic medium, the book covers cultural, social, spatial and cognitive facets of augmented reality art. It has been written by a virtual team of 33 researchers and artists from 11 countries who are pioneering in the new form of art, and contains numerous colour illustrations showing both classic and recent augmented reality artworks.Intended as a starting point for exploring this new fascinating area of research and creative practice, it will be essential reading not only for artists, researchers and technology developers, but also for students (graduates and undergraduates) and all those interested in emerging augmented reality technology and its current and future applications in art.

Tools and technologies have long complemented and extended our physical abilities: from pre-historic spearheads to steam-propelled ploughs and high-tech prosthetics. While the development of lenses granted us insights into the micro and macrocosms, new sensors and technologies increasingly augment our cognitive abilities, including memory and perception. This book integrates current research efforts, results, and visions from the fields of computer science, neuroscience, and psychology. It provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art and future applications of how technologies assist and augment human perception and cognition. Experts in the field share their research and findings on: Working memory enhancementsDigitization of memories through lifelog archivesThe consequences of technology-induced disruptions and forgettingThe creation and utilization of new human senses Ethical andsecurity concerns that arise with augmentation technologies. As technology weaves itself ever deeper into our lives, careful examination of its capabilities, risks and benefits is warranted. While this book focuses on the complementation and augmentation of human capabilities, it serves as a foundation for students, researchers and designers of technologies that push the boundaries of perception and cognition.

This book provides extensive research into the use of augmented reality in the three interconnected and overlapping fields of the tourism industry, museum exhibitions, and cultural heritage. It is written by a virtual team of 50 leading researchers and practitioners from 16 countries around the world. The authors explore the opportunities and challenges of augmented reality applications, their current status and future trends, informal learning and heritage preservation, mixed reality environments and immersive installations, cultural heritage education and tourism promotion, visitors with special needs, and emerging post-COVID-19 museums and heritage sites. Augmented Reality in Tourism, Museums and Heritage: A New Technology to Inform and Entertain is essential reading not only for researchers, application developers, educators, museum curators, tourism and cultural heritage promoters, but also for students (both graduates and undergraduates) and anyone who is interested in the efficient and practical use of augmented reality technology.

This book addresses emerging issues in usability, interface design, human–computer interaction, user experience and assistive technology. It highlights research aimed at understanding human interactions with products, services and systems and focuses on finding effective approaches for improving the user experience. It also discusses key issues in designing and providing assistive devices and services for individuals with disabilities or impairment, offering them support with mobility, communication, positioning, environmental control and daily living. The book covers modeling as well as innovative design concepts, with a special emphasis on user-centered design, and design for specific populations, particularly the elderly. Further topics include virtual reality, digital environments, gaming, heuristic evaluation and forms of device interface feedback (e.g. visual and haptic). Based on the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Usability and User Experience, the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Human Factors and Assistive Technology, the AHFE Virtual Conference on Human Factors and Wearable Technologies, and the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Virtual Environments and Game Design, held on July 16–20, 2020, it provides academics and professionals with an extensive source of information and a timely guide to tools, applications and future challenges in these fields.

This is the first comprehensive research monograph devoted to the use of augmented reality in education. It is written by a team of 58 world-leading researchers, practitioners and artists from 15 countries, pioneering in employing augmented reality as a new teaching and learning technology and tool. The authors explore the state of the art in educational augmented reality and its usage in a large variety of particular areas, such as medical education and training, English language education, chemistry learning, environmental and special education, dental training, mining engineering teaching, historical and fine art education. Augmented Reality in Education: A New Technology for Teaching and Learning is essential reading not only for educators of all types and levels, educational researchers and technology developers, but also for students (both graduates and undergraduates) and anyone who is interested in the educational use of emerging augmented reality technology.

This is the first of two comprehensive volumes that provide a thorough and multi-faceted research into the emerging field of augmented reality games and consider a wide range of its major issues. These first ever research monographs on augmented reality games have been written by a team of 70 leading researchers, practitioners and artists from 20 countries. In Volume I, the phenomenon of the Pokémon GO game is analysed in theoretical, cultural and conceptual contexts, with emphasis on its nature and the educational use of the game in children and adolescents. Game transfer phenomena, motives for playing Pokémon GO, players'experiences and memorable moments, social interaction, long-term engagement, health implications and many other issues raised by the Pokémon GO game are systematically examined and discussed. Augmented Reality Games I is essential reading not only for researchers, practitioners, game developers and artists, but also forstudents (graduates and undergraduates) and all those interested in the rapidly developing area of augmented reality games.

This is the second of two comprehensive volumes that provide a thorough and multi-faceted research into the emerging field of augmented reality games and consider a wide range of its major issues. These first ever research monographs on augmented reality games have been written by a team of 70 leading researchers, practitioners and artists from 20 countries. Volume II explores the most important and challenging issues that have been raised by the use of the Augmented Reality approach and technology in the gamification of education, healthcare, medicine and art. The volume deals with a systematic analysis of educational augmented reality games, their use for health promotion in old age and for improving people's well-being, the gamification of augmented reality art and immersive reading experiences, among other topics. Augmented Reality Games II is essential reading not only for researchers, practitioners, game developers and artists, but also forstudents (graduates and undergraduates) and all those interested in the rapidly developing area of augmented reality games.

What can Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) learn from art? How can the HCI research agenda be advanced by looking at art research? How can we improve creativity support and the amplification of that important human capability? This book aims to answer these questions. Interactive art has become a common part of life as a result of the many ways in which the computer and the Internet have facilitated it. HCI is as important to interactive art as mixing the colours of paint are to painting. This book reviews recent work that looks at these issues through art research. In interactive digital art, the artist is concerned with how the artwork behaves, how the audience interacts with it, and, ultimately, how participants experience art as well as their degree of engagement. The values of art are deeply human and increasingly relevant to HCI as its focus moves from product design towards social benefits and the support of human creativity. The book examines these issues and brings together a collection of research results from art practice that illuminates this significant new and expanding area. In particular, this work points towards a much-needed critical language that can be used to describe, compare and frame research in HCI support for creativity.

This is the second edition of the first ever book to explore the exciting new field of augmented reality art and its enabling technologies. The new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated, and contains 5 new chapters. As well as investigating augmented reality as a novel artistic medium the book covers cultural, social, spatial and cognitive facets of augmented reality art. Intended as a starting point for exploring this new fascinating area of research and creative practice it will be essential reading not only for artists, researchers and technology developers, but also for students (graduates and undergraduates) and all those interested in emerging augmented reality technology and its current and future applications in art.

Augmented Reality (AR) blurs the boundary between the physical and digital worlds. In AR's current exploration phase, innovators are beginning to create compelling and contextually rich applications that enhance a user's everyday experiences. In this book, Dr. Helen Papagiannis—a world-leading expert in the field—introduces you to AR: how it's evolving, where the opportunities are, and where it's headed.If you're a designer, developer, entrepreneur, student, educator, business leader, artist, or simply curious about AR's possibilities, this insightful guide explains how you can become involved with an exciting, fast-moving technology.You'll explore how:Computer vision, machine learning, cameras, sensors, and wearables change the way you see the worldHaptic technology syncs what you see with how something feelsAugmented sound and hearables alter the way you listen to your environmentDigital smell and taste augment the way you share and receive informationNew approaches to storytelling immerse and engage users more deeplyUsers can augment their bodies with electronic textiles, embedded technology, and brain-controlled interfacesHuman avatars can learn our behaviors and act on our behalf

This book provides an in-depth exploration of the field of augmented reality (AR) in its entirety and sets out to distinguish AR from other inter-related technologies like virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR). The author presents AR from its initial philosophies and early developments, to its current technologies and its impact on our modern society, to its possible future developments; providing readers with the tools to understand issues relating to defining, building, and using our perception of what is represented in our perceived reality, and ultimately how we assimilate and react to this information. Augmented Reality: Where We Will All Live can be used as a comprehensive guide to the field of AR and provides valuable insights for technologists, marketers, business managers, educators and academics who are interested in the field of augmented reality; its concepts, history, practices and the science behind this rapidly advancing field of research and development.

This book scrutinizes pervasive games from a technological perspective, focusing on the sub-domain of games that satisfy the criteria that they make use of virtual game elements. In the computer game industry, the use of a game engine to build games is common, but current game engines do not support pervasive games. Since the computer game industry is already rich with game engines, this book investigates: (i) if a game engine can be repurposed to stage pervasive games; (ii) if features describing a would-be pervasive game engine can be identified; (iii) using those features, if an architecture be found in the same ‘product line'as an existing engine and that can be extended to stage pervasive games (iv) and, finally, if there any challenges and open issues that remain. The approach to answering these questions is twofold. First, a survey of pervasive games is conducted, gathering technical details and distilling a component feature set that enables pervasive games. Second, a type of game engine is chosen as candidate in the same product line as a would-be pervasive game engine, supporting as much of the feature set as possible. The architecture is extended to support the entire feature set and used to stage a pervasive game called Codename: Heroes, validating the architecture, highlighting features of particular importance and identifying any open issues. The conclusion of this book is also twofold: the resulting feature set is verified to coincide with the definition of pervasive games and related work. And secondly, a virtual world engine is selected as candidate in the same product line as a would-be pervasive game engine. Codename: Heroes was successfully implemented, reaping the benefits of using the selected engine; development time was low, spanning just a few months. Codename: Heroes was staged twice, with no stability issues or down time.

Written by a team of world-renowned artists, researchers and practitioners - all pioneers in using augmented reality based creative works and installations as a new form of art - this is the first book to explore the exciting new field of augmented reality art and its enabling technologies. As well as investigating augmented reality as a novel artistic medium the book covers cultural, social, spatial and cognitive facets of augmented reality art. Intended as a starting point for exploring this new fascinating area of research and creative practice it will be essential reading not only for artists, researchers and technology developers, but also for students (graduates and undergraduates) and all those interested in emerging augmented reality technology and its current and future applications in art.

Advances in hardware and networking have made possible a wide use of augmented reality (AR) technologies. However, simply putting those hardware and technologies together does not make a “good” system for end users to use. New design principles and evaluation methods specific to this emerging area are urgently needed to keep up with the advance in technologies. Human Factors in Augmented Reality Environments is the first book on human factors in AR, addressing issues related to design, development, evaluation and application of AR systems. Topics include surveys, case studies, evaluation methods and metrics, HCI theories and design principles, human factors and lessons learned and experience obtained from developing, deploying or evaluating AR systems. The contributors for this cutting-edge volume are well-established researchers from diverse disciplines including psychologists, artists, engineers and scientists. Human Factors in Augmented Reality Environments is designed for a professional audience composed of practitioners and researchers working in the field of AR and human-computer interaction. Advanced-level students in computer science and engineering will also find this book useful as a secondary text or reference.

Understanding Augmented Reality addresses the elements that are required to create augmented reality experiences. The technology that supports augmented reality will come and go, evolve and change. The underlying principles for creating exciting, useful augmented reality experiences are timeless. Augmented reality designed from a purely technological perspective will lead to an AR experience that is novel and fun for one-time consumption - but is no more than a toy. Imagine a filmmaking book that discussed cameras and special effects software, but ignored cinematography and storytelling! In order to create compelling augmented reality experiences that stand the test of time and cause the participant in the AR experience to focus on the content of the experience - rather than the technology - one must consider how to maximally exploit the affordances of the medium. Understanding Augmented Reality addresses core conceptual issues regarding the medium of augmented reality as well as the technology required to support compelling augmented reality. By addressing AR as a medium at the conceptual level in addition to the technological level, the reader will learn to conceive of AR applications that are not limited by today's technology. At the same time, ample examples are provided that show what is possible with current technology. Explore the different techniques, technologies and approaches used in developing AR applications Learn from the author's deep experience in virtual reality and augmented reality applications to succeed right off the bat, and avoid many of the traps that catch new developers and users of augmented reality experiences Some AR examples can be experienced from within the book using downloadable software

The use of mobile collaborative AR has expended rapidly in recent years, due to the major advances in hardware and networking. The application areas are diverse and multidisciplinary. Recent Trends of Mobile Collaborative Augmented Reality Systems provides a historical overview of previous mobile collaborative AR systems, presents case studies of latest developments in current mobile collaborative AR systems, and latest technologies and system architectures used in this field. Recent Trends of Mobile Collaborative Augmented Reality Systems is designed for a professional audience composed of practitioners and researchers working in the field of augmented reality and human-computer interaction. Advanced-level students in computer science and electrical engineering focused on this topic will also find this book useful as a secondary text or reference.