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This book presents cybersecurity aspects of ubiquitous and growing IoT and Cyber Physical Systems. It also introduces a range of conceptual, theoretical, and foundational access control solutions. This was developed by the authors to provide an overall broader perspective and grounded approach to solve access control problems in IoT and CPS.The authors discuss different architectures, frameworks, access control models, implementation scenarios, and a broad set of use-cases in different IoT and CPS domains. This provides readers an intuitive and easy to read set of chapters. The authors also discuss IoT and CPS access control solutions provided by key industry players including Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). It provides extensions of the authors proposed fine grained solutions with these widely used cloud and edge supported platforms.This book is designed to serve the computer science and the cybersecurity community including researchers,academicians and students. Practitioners who have a wider interest in IoT, CPS, privacy and security aspects will also find this book useful. Thanks to the holistic planning and thoughtful organization of this book, the readers are expected to gain in-depth knowledge of the state-of-the-art access control architectures and security models for resilient IoT and CPS.

This book provides a review of advanced topics relating to the theory, research, analysis and implementation in the context of big data platforms and their applications, with a focus on methods, techniques, and performance evaluation. The explosive growth in the volume, speed, and variety of data being produced every day requires a continuous increase in the processing speeds of servers and of entire network infrastructures, as well as new resource management models. This poses significant challenges (and provides striking development opportunities) for data intensive and high-performance computing, i.e., how to efficiently turn extremely large datasets into valuable information and meaningful knowledge.The task of context data management is further complicated by the variety of sources such data derives from, resulting in different data formats, with varying storage, transformation, delivery, and archiving requirements. At the same time rapid responses are neededfor real-time applications. With the emergence of cloud infrastructures, achieving highly scalable data management in such contexts is a critical problem, as the overall application performance is highly dependent on the properties of the data management service.

This book provides readers with a comprehensive introduction to physical inspection-based approaches for electronics security. The authors explain the principles of physical inspection techniques including invasive, non-invasive and semi-invasive approaches and how they can be used for hardware assurance, from IC to PCB level. Coverage includes a wide variety of topics, from failure analysis and imaging, to testing, machine learning and automation, reverse engineering and attacks, and countermeasures.

Foundations of Computer Technology is an easily accessible introduction to the architecture of computers and peripherals. This textbook clearly and completely explains modern computer systems through an approach that integrates components, systems, software, and design. It provides a succinct, systematic, and readable guide to computers, providing a springboard for students to pursue more detailed technology subjects.This volume focuses on hardware elements within a computer system and the impact of software on its architecture. It discusses practical aspects of computer organization (structure, behavior, and design) delivering the necessary fundamentals for electrical engineering and computer science students. The book not only lists a wide range of terms, but also explains the basic operations of components within a system, aided by many detailed illustrations. Material on modern technologies is combined with a historical perspective, delivering a range of articles on hardware, architecture and software, programming methodologies, and the nature of operating systems. It also includes a unified treatment on the entire computing spectrum, ranging from microcomputers to supercomputers.Each section features learning objectives and chapter outlines. Small glossary entries define technical terms and each chapter ends with an alphabetical list of key terms for reference and review. Review questions also appear at the end of each chapter and project questions inspire readers to research beyond the text. Short, annotated bibliographies direct students to additional useful reading.

This textbook covers digital design, fundamentals of computer architecture, and assembly language. The book starts by introducing basic number systems, character coding, basic knowledge in digital design, and components of a computer. The book goes on to discuss information representation in computing; Boolean algebra and logic gates; sequential logic; input/output; and CPU performance. The author also covers ARM architecture, ARM instructions and ARM assembly language which is used in a variety of devices such as cell phones, digital TV, automobiles, routers, and switches. The book contains a set of laboratory experiments related to digital design using Logisim software; in addition, each chapter features objectives, summaries, key terms, review questions and problems. The book is targeted to students majoring Computer Science, Information System and IT and follows the ACM/IEEE 2013 guidelines. • Comprehensive textbook covering digital design, computer architecture, and ARM architecture and assembly • Covers basic number system and coding, basic knowledge in digital design, and components of a computer • Features laboratory exercises in addition to objectives, summaries, key terms, review questions, and problems in each chapter

Build applications and infrastructures that leverage Function-as-a-Service and DockerKey Features- Implement containerization in Serverless/FaaS environments- Utilize Docker as a functional unit of work for Serverless/FaaS platforms- Use Docker as a portable infrastructure for Serverless ApplicationsBook DescriptionServerless applications have gained a lot of popularity among developers and are currently the buzzwords in the tech market. Docker and serverless are two terms that go hand-in-hand. This book will start by explaining serverless and Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) concepts, and why they are important. Then, it will introduce the concepts of containerization and how Docker fits into the Serverless ideology. It will explore the architectures and components of three major Docker-based FaaS platforms, how to deploy and how to use their CLI. Then, this book will discuss how to set up and operate a production-grade Docker cluster. We will cover all concepts of FaaS frameworks with practical use cases, followed by deploying and orchestrating these serverless systems using Docker. Finally, we will also explore advanced topics and prototypes for FaaS architectures in the last chapter. By the end of this book, you will be in a position to build and deploy your own FaaS platform using Docker.What you will learnLearn what Serverless and FaaS applications areGet acquainted with the architectures of three major serverless systemsExplore how Docker technologies can help develop Serverless applicationsCreate and maintain FaaS infrastructuresSet up Docker infrastructures to serve as on-premises FaaS infrastructuresDefine functions for Serverless applications with Docker containersWho this book is forIf you are a Developer, a Docker Engineer, a DevOps Engineer, or any stakeholder interested in learning the use of Docker on Serverless environments then this book is for you.

This fully revised and updated new edition of the definitive text/reference on computer network and information security presents a comprehensive guide to the repertoire of security tools, algorithms and best practices mandated by the technology we depend on. Topics and features: highlights the magnitude of the vulnerabilities, weaknesses and loopholes inherent in computer networks; discusses how to develop effective security solutions, protocols, and best practices for the modern computing environment; examines the role of legislation, regulation, and enforcement in securing computing and mobile systems; describes the burning security issues brought about by the advent of the Internet of Things and the eroding boundaries between enterprise and home networks (NEW); provides both quickly workable and more thought-provoking exercises at the end of each chapter, with one chapter devoted entirely to hands-on exercises; supplies additional support materials for instructors at an associatedwebsite.

Gain the practical knowledge you need to plan, design, deploy, and manage mixed cloud and on-premises IT management systems. Drawing on his experience as senior principal software architect at CA Technologies, Marvin Waschke lays out the nuts and bolts of the IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL)—the 5-volume bible of standard IT service management practices that is the single most important tool for aligning IT services with business needs.Many enterprise IT management applications, and the ways they are integrated, come directly from ITIL service management requirements. Types of integration include integrated reporting and dashboards, event-driven integration, device integration, and application data integration. Enterprise integration depends critically on high performance, scalability, and flexibility. Failure to integrate applications to service management requirements results in such wryly anticipated spectacles as the annual crash of the websites of Super Bowl advertiserssuch as Coca-Cola and Acura.Waschke weighs in on the debate between those who advocate integrating'best-of-breed'applications and those who favor a pre-integrated set of applications from a single vendor. He also rates the strengths and weaknesses of the major architectural patterns—central relational databases, service-oriented architecture (SOA), and enterprise data buses—for IT integration of service management applications. He examines the modifications to traditional service management that are required by virtualized systems of datacenter management and application design.Clouds present special problems for integration. How Clouds Hold IT Together details solutions for integration problems in private, community, and public clouds—especially problems with multi-tenant SaaS applications. Most enterprises are migrating to the cloud gradually rather than at one go. The transitional phase of mixed cloud and on-premises applications presents thorny problems for IT management. Waschke shows the reader how to normalize the performance and capacity measurements of concurrent traditional and cloud resources.

Understand how to utilize the workbench, console, adapters, publisher, and other components in Scribe to ensure you have a rapid development toolkit that will drastically reduce your workload and timeline. In Using Scribe Insight, you'll learn to build your integrations and migrations with the minimal amount of effort, what shortcuts can be taken to simplify and reduce your labor, and what techniques can be used to keep your solutions as simple as possible. You'll find discussions that span the full product, from installation and configuration of the core product and use of the development workbench to advanced concepts around mapping, administration, troubleshooting, and optimization of packages. You'll also be introduced to Scribe Online, how to do basic development within the environment, and how to determine when to develop solutions in Online vs. Insight.What You Will Learn:• Build rapid solutions for complex migration and integration requirements• Approaches to advanced mapping techniques• Ways to optimize packages and increase performance• Utilize the Publisher and MSMQ• Understand troubleshooting and administrationTarget Audience:All developers or solution architects working within the CRM space, including Salesforce and Dynamics CRM, will eventually need to either migrate or integrate data from previous versions or external systems. Scribe is the leading platform for these integrations and migrations.

This monograph is based on the third author's lectures on computer architecture, given in the summer semester 2013 at Saarland University, Germany. It contains a gate level construction of a multi-core machine with pipelined MIPS processor cores and a sequentially consistent shared memory.The book contains the first correctness proofs for both the gate level implementation of a multi-core processor and also of a cache based sequentially consistent shared memory. This opens the way to the formal verification of synthesizable hardware for multi-core processors in the future.Constructions are in a gate level hardware model and thus deterministic. In contrast the reference models against which correctness is shown are nondeterministic. The development of the additional machinery for these proofs and the correctness proof of the shared memory at the gate level are the main technical contributions of this work.

In diesem Buch werden Fehlertoleranztechniken in rekonfigurierbaren verteilten Systemen zur Prozeßautomatisierung in einer geschlossenen Form dargestellt. Neben grundlegenden Fragen zu verteilten Systemen und Prozeßrechensystemen, wodurch die Randbedingungen implizit festgelegt sind, werden die in der englischen Fachliteratur oft widersprüchlichen Begriffe aus dem Gebiet der Fehlertoleranztechnik systematisch geordnet und erläutert und ein konsistentes deutsches Basisbegriffsgebäude vorgestellt. Wissenschaftlich besonders reizvoll ist der Versuch, aus der Analyse biologischer Systeme Strukturprinzipien für redundante fehlertolerante technische Systeme abzuleiten. Das Hauptergebnis der Arbeit ist ein neuer Implementierungsvorschlag zur Spezifikation und Konstruktion vertrauenswürdiger Systeme: Es wird eine deskriptive Sprache inklusive der zugehörigen Datenstrukturen und deren Verkettung vorgestellt.

Seit etwa zwei Jahren setzen die unterschiedlichsten Anwender in Hochschule und Industrie zur parallelen Datenverarbeitung in steigendem Maß Transputer ein. Der besondere Reiz dieser neuen Technologie liegt darin, daß der Transputer dem allgemeinen Bedürfnis nach immer höherer Rechenleistung ein theoretisch unbeschränktes Angebot an'speedup'gegenüberstellt. Prinzipiell muß zur Erhöhung der Rechenleistung eines Transputernetzwerkes nur die Anzahl der Prozessoren proportional erhöht werden. Nicht zuletzt dank des einfachen Aufbaus dieser Prozessorart lassen sich daher kostengünstig hochleistungsfähige Systeme aufbauen. Das 1. Transputer-Anwender-Treffen entstand aus dem Bedürfnis nach einem Gedankenaustausch mit anderen Anwendern über Möglichkeiten, Probleme und Grenzen des Einsatzes von Transputern. Industrie und Hochschule waren bei den Teilnehmern ungefähr gleich stark vertreten. Der vorliegende Tagungsband berichtet über allgemeine und spezielle Erfahrungen mit transputerbezogener Hardware und Software. Themenschwerpunkte sind: - Benutzeroberflächen und Sprachen - Parallele Algorithmen - Simulationen - Prozeß- und Robotersteuerung - Bildverarbeitung

High Performance Networking is a state-of-the-art book that deals with issues relating to the fast-paced evolution of public, corporate and residential networks. It focuses on the practical and experimental aspects of high performance networks and introduces novel approaches and concepts aimed at improving the performance, usability, interoperability and scalability of such systems. Among others, the topics covered include: Java applets and applications; distributed virtual environments; new internet streaming protocols; web telecollaboration tools; Internet, Intranet; real-time services like multimedia; quality of service; mobility. High Performance Networking comprises the proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on High Performance Networking, sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP), and was held at Vienna Univrsity of Technology, Vienna, Austria, in September 1998. High Performance Networking is suitable as a secondary text for a graduate level course on high performance networking, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.

Formal Description Techniques and Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification addresses formal description techniques (FDTs) applicable to distributed systems and communication protocols. It aims to present the state of the art in theory, application, tools and industrialization of FDTs. Among the important features presented are: FDT-based system and protocol engineering; FDT-application to distributed systems; Protocol engineering; Practical experience and case studies. Formal Description Techniques and Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification comprises the proceedings of the Joint International Conference on Formal Description Techniques for Distributed Systems and Communication Protocols and Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification, sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing, held in November 1998, Paris, France. Formal Description Techniques and Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification is suitable as a secondary text for a graduate-level course on Distributed Systems or Communications, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.

Die Tagungsreihe'Architektur von Rechensystemen'ist das wichtigste deutschsprachige Forum f}r das Fachgebiet'Rechensysteme'. Die Tagungen dienen der Vorstellung neuer Ergebnisse und Entwicklungen aus den Bereichen Betriebssysteme, Rechnerarchitektur, Rechnerorganisation und Verteilte Systeme. Die Tagungen finden in zweij{hrigem Turnus statt und werden abwechselnd vom Fachbereich 3'Technische Informatik und Architektur von Rechensystemen'der Gesellschaft f}r Informatik e.V. (GI) und vom Fachbereich 4'Technische Informatik'der Informationstechnischen Gesellschaft im VDE (ITG) veranstaltet.

The last decade has seen two parallel developments, one in computer science, the other in mathematics, both dealing with the same kind of combinatorial structures: networks with strong symmetry properties or, in graph-theoretical language, vertex-transitive graphs, in particular their prototypical examples, Cayley graphs. In the design of large interconnection networks it was realised that many of the most fre­ quently used models for such networks are Cayley graphs of various well-known groups. This has spawned a considerable amount of activity in the study of the combinatorial properties of such graphs. A number of symposia and congresses (such as the bi-annual IWIN, starting in 1991) bear witness to the interest of the computer science community in this subject. On the mathematical side, and independently of any interest in applications, progress in group theory has made it possible to make a realistic attempt at a complete description of vertex-transitive graphs. The classification of the finite simple groups has played an important role in this respect.

Seit 1986 trifft sich in Mannheim jährlich auf Einladung des Vereins zur wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung der Universität Mannheim e.V. die deutschsprachige Supercomputergemeinde - Anwender, Betreiber, Hersteller - zu einem fruchtbaren Dialog und Erfahrungsaustausch. In dem diesjährigen Seminar'Supercomputer - Anwendungen, Architekturen und Trends'werden die neuesten Entwicklungen dieses stark innovativen Gebiets unter einem sehr anwendungsbezogenen, praktischen Aspekt aufgearbeitet. Experten aus dem Inland sowie den nach wie vor führenden Ländern USA und Japan konnten auch bei dieser zum vierten Mal stattfindenden Veranstaltung zu Präsentationen gewonnen werden. Alle Beiträge zum Seminar sind in diesem Band enthalten. Insbesondere befassen sie sich mit folgenden Schwerpunkten: - Visualisierung/Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle - Architekturen - Parallel versus vector processing - Innovative Anwendungen.

Formal Methods for Protocol Engineering and Distributed Systems addresses formal description techniques (FDTs) applicable to distributed systems and communication protocols. It aims to present the state of the art in theory, application, tools an industrialization of FDTs. Among the important features presented are: FDT-based system and protocol engineering; FDT application to distributed systems; Protocol engineeering; Practical experience and case studies. Formal Methods for Protocol Engineering and Distributed Systems contains the proceedings of the Joint International Conference on Formal Description Techniques for Distributed Systems and Communication Protocols and Protocol Specification, Testing, and Verification, which was sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) and was held in Beijing, China, in October 1999. This volume is suitable as a secondary text for a graduate level course on Distributed Systems or Communications, and as a reference for researchers and industry practitioners.

Dieser Band enthält alle Hauptvorträge des fünften Mannheimer Seminars über Supercomputer. Das als führende Veranstaltung zu dieser Thematik im deutschsprachigen Raum anerkannte Seminar versammelte wiederum Supercomputer-Anwender, -Betreiber und -Hersteller zu einem fruchtbaren Dialog und Erfahrungsaustausch. Es wurden insbesondere die neuesten Entwicklungen dieses stark innovativen Gebiets unter anwendungsbezogenen, praktischen Aspekten aufgearbeitet. Die Schwerpunkte des diesjährigen Seminars waren: - Anwendungen in Industrie und Wissenschaft - Parallelrechner-Architekturen - Supercomputer Management. Dabei standen bei den Architekturen besonders die auf dem MIMD-Prinzip basierenden lokalen Speichersysteme von SUPRENUM, Parsytec, iP-Systems in Intel Scientific Computers im Mittelpunkt des Interesses. In einem'Supercomputer Manager Round Table'wurden aktuelle Probleme bei Planung, Beschaffung und Einsatz dieser Geräte von ausgewählten Experten diskutiert. Die zugehörigen Positionsbeiträge sind ebenfalls in diesem Band enthalten.

Welcome to 1M 2003, the eighth in a series of the premier international technical conference in this field. As IT management has become mission critical to the economies of the developed world, our technical program has grown in relevance, strength and quality. Over the next few years, leading IT organizations will gradually move from identifying infrastructure problems to providing business services via automated, intelligent management systems. To be successful, these future management systems must provide global scalability, for instance, to support Grid computing and large numbers of pervasive devices. In Grid environments, organizations can pool desktops and servers, dynamically creating a virtual environment with huge processing power, and new management challenges. As the number, type, and criticality of devices connected to the Internet grows, new innovative solutions are required to address this unprecedented scale and management complexity. The growing penetration of technologies, such as WLANs, introduces new management challenges, particularly for performance and security. Management systems must also support the management of business processes and their supporting technology infrastructure as integrated entities. They will need to significantly reduce the amount of adventitious, bootless data thrown at consoles, delivering instead a cogent view of the system state, while leaving the handling of lower level events to self-managed, multifarious systems and devices. There is a new emphasis on'autonomic'computing, building systems that can perform routine tasks without administrator intervention and take prescient actions to rapidly recover from potential software or hardware failures.

Design and Analysis of Distributed Embedded Systems is organized similar to the conference. Chapters 1 and 2 deal with specification methods and their analysis while Chapter 6 concentrates on timing and performance analysis. Chapter 3 describes approaches to system verification at different levels of abstraction. Chapter 4 deals with fault tolerance and detection. Middleware and software reuse aspects are treated in Chapter 5. Chapters 7 and 8 concentrate on the distribution related topics such as partitioning, scheduling and communication. The book closes with a chapter on design methods and frameworks.

Testing of Communicating Systems XIV presents the latest international results in both the theory and industrial practice of the testing of communicating systems, ranging from tools and techniques for testing to test standards, frameworks, notations, algorithms, fundamentals of testing, and industrial experiences and issues. The tools and techniques discussed apply to conformance testing, interoperability testing, performance testing, Internet protocols and applications, and multimedia and distributed systems in general.

Performance Evaluation, Prediction and Visualization in Parallel Systems presents a comprehensive and systematic discussion of theoretics, methods, techniques and tools for performance evaluation, prediction and visualization of parallel systems. Chapter 1 gives a short overview of performance degradation of parallel systems, and presents a general discussion on the importance of performance evaluation, prediction and visualization of parallel systems. Chapter 2 analyzes and defines several kinds of serial and parallel runtime, points out some of the weaknesses of parallel speedup metrics, and discusses how to improve and generalize them. Chapter 3 describes formal definitions of scalability, addresses the basic metrics affecting the scalability of parallel systems, discusses scalability of parallel systems from three aspects: parallel architecture, parallel algorithm and parallel algorithm-architecture combinations, and analyzes the relations of scalability and speedup. Chapter 4 discusses the methodology of performance measurement, describes the benchmark- oriented performance test and analysis and how to measure speedup and scalability in practice. Chapter 5 analyzes the difficulties in performance prediction, discusses application-oriented and architecture-oriented performance prediction and how to predict speedup and scalability in practice. Chapter 6 discusses performance visualization techniques and tools for parallel systems from three stages: performance data collection, performance data filtering and performance data visualization, and classifies the existing performance visualization tools. Chapter 7 describes parallel compiling-based, search-based and knowledge-based performance debugging, which assists programmers to optimize the strategy or algorithm in their parallel programs, and presents visual programming-based performance debugging to help programmers identify the location and cause of the performanceproblem. It also provides concrete suggestions on how to modify their parallel program to improve the performance. Chapter 8 gives an overview of current interconnection networks for parallel systems, analyzes the scalability of interconnection networks, and discusses how to measure and improve network performances. Performance Evaluation, Prediction and Visualization in Parallel Systems serves as an excellent reference for researchers, and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the topic.

The evolution of modern computers began more than 50 years ago and has been driven to a large extend by rapid advances in electronic technology during that period. The first computers ran one application (user) at a time. Without the benefit of operating systems or compilers, the application programmers were responsible for managing all aspects of the hardware. The introduction of compilers allowed programmers to express algorithms in abstract terms without being concerned with the bit level details of their implementation. Time sharing operating systems took computing systems one step further and allowed several users and/or applications to time share the computing services of com­ puters. With the advances of networks and software tools, users and applications were able to time share the logical and physical services that are geographically dispersed across one or more networks. Virtual Computing (VC) concept aims at providing ubiquitous open computing services in analogous way to the services offered by Telephone and Elec­ trical (utility) companies. The VC environment should be dynamically setup to meet the requirements of a single user and/or application. The design and development of a dynamically programmable virtual comput­ ing environments is a challenging research problem. However, the recent advances in processing and network technology and software tools have successfully solved many of the obstacles facing the wide deployment of virtual computing environments as will be outlined next.

IP Multicast 29 4 29 4.1 Reverse Path Forwarding....... 4.2 Internet Group Management Protocol 31 Truncated Broadcasting........ 32 4.3 4.4 Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) 34 4.5 Summary ·......................... 35 5 Multicast Extensions to Open Shortest Path First (MO- SPF) 39 5.1 High-level Description 39 Architecture...... 40 5.2 5.2.1 Design Goals 41 Protocol Data Structures 41 5.2.2 5.3 Protocol. 44 52 5.4 Summary ·............ 6 Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) 53 6.1 High-Level Description 53 54 6.2 Architecture............. 6.2.1 Design Goals:........ 54 6.2.2 Components and Functions 55 6.3 Protocol............... 57 6.3.1 Creating the PIM framework 58 6.3.2 Creating a specific multicast tree for a group 59 6.3.3 Multicast data forwarding...... 64 6.3.4 Operation in a multi-access network 65 6.3.5 List of PIM messages 68 6.3.6 A complete example 69 6.4 Summary ·...... 69 7 Core-Based Tree (CBT) 73 7.1 High-level Description 73 7.2 Architecture...... 74 7.2.1 Design Goals:.

Optical media are now widely used in the telecommunication networks, and the evolution of optical and optoelectronic technologies tends to show that their wide range of techniques could be successfully introduced in shorter-distance interconnection systems. This book bridges the existing gap between research in optical interconnects and research in high-performance computing and communication systems, of which parallel processing is just an example. It also provides a more comprehensive understanding of the advantages and limitations of optics as applied to high-speed communications. Audience: The book will be a vital resource for researchers and graduate students of optical interconnects, computer architectures and high-performance computing and communication systems who wish to understand the trends in the newest technologies, models and communication issues in the field.

Client/server and distributed technologies have made great strides since their emergence in the late 1980s to become very popular in the IT industry today. This book illustrates techniques not only for designing GUI client/server applications, but also for managing complex application environments containing both legacy and new applications. Topics covered in this book include - The what, when and how of the three tier client/server model - Coupling and dependency: key design factors in distributed systems - Distributed application design alternatives for the enterprise - The Federated application structure for integrating the applications of the enterprise - A real-life case study of a major financial institution- Systems Architects and senior technical staffProject Managers and Software Engineers involved with or interested in client/server computing, and final year undergraduate and postgraduate students will find this book useful.

The exponential growth of Internet brings to focus the need to control such large scale networks so that they appear as coherent, almost intelligent, organ­ isms. It is a challenge to regulate such a complex network of heterogeneous elements with dynamically changing traffic conditions. To make such a sys­ tem reliable and manageable, the decision making should be decentralized. It is desirable to find simple local rules and strategies that can produce coherent and purposeful global behavior. Furthermore, these control mechanisms must be adaptive to effectively respond to continually varying network conditions. Such adaptive, distributed, localized mechanisms would provide a scalable so­ lution for controlling large networks. The need for such schemes arises in a variety of settings. In this monograph, we focus on localized approach to quality of service routing. Routing in the current Internet focuses primarily on connectivity and typi­ cally supports only the'best-effort'datagram service. The routing protocols deployed such as OSPF use the shortest path only routing paradigm, where routing is optimized for a single metric such as hop count or administrative weight. While these protocols are well suited for traditional data applications such as ftp and telnet, they are not adequate for many emerging applications such as IP telephony, video on demand and teleconferencing, which require stringent delay and bandwidth guarantees. The'shortest paths'chosen for the'best effort'service may not have sufficient resources to provide the requisite service for these applications.

Earth date, August 11, 1997'Beam me up Scottie!''We cannot do it! This is not Star Trek's Enterprise. This is early years Earth.'True, this is not yet the era of Star Trek, we cannot beam captain James T. Kirk or captain Jean Luc Pickard or an apple or anything else anywhere. What we can do though is beam information about Kirk or Pickard or an apple or an insurance agent. We can beam a record of a patient, the status of an engine, a weather report. We can beam this information anywhere, to mobile workers, to field engineers, to a track loading apples, to ships crossing the Oceans, to web surfers. We have reached a point where the promise of information access anywhere and anytime is close to realization. The enabling technology, wireless networks, exists; what remains to be achieved is providing the infrastructure and the software to support the promise. Universal access and management of information has been one of the driving forces in the evolution of computer technology. Central computing gave the ability to perform large and complex computations and advanced information manipulation. Advances in networking connected computers together and led to distributed computing. Web technology and the Internet went even further to provide hyper-linked information access and global computing. However, restricting access stations to physical location limits the boundary of the vision.

Disseminating Security Updates at Internet Scale describes a new system,'Revere', that addresses these problems.'Revere'builds large-scale, self-organizing and resilient overlay networks on top of the Internet to push security updates from dissemination centers to individual nodes.'Revere'also sets up repository servers for individual nodes to pull missed security updates. This book further discusses how to protect this push-and-pull dissemination procedure and how to secure'Revere'overlay networks, considering possible attacks and countermeasures. Disseminating Security Updates at Internet Scale presents experimental measurements of a prototype implementation of'Revere'gathered using a large-scale oriented approach. These measurements suggest that'Revere'can deliver security updates at the required scale, speed and resiliency for a reasonable cost. Disseminating Security Updates at Internet Scale will be helpful to those trying to design peer systems at large scale when security is a concern, since many of the issues faced by these designs are also faced by'Revere'. The'Revere'solutions may not always be appropriate for other peer systems with very different goals, but the analysis of the problems and possible solutions discussed here will be helpful in designing a customized approach for such systems.

Secure Electronic Voting is an edited volume, which includes chapters authored by leading experts in the field of security and voting systems. The chapters identify and describe the given capabilities and the strong limitations, as well as the current trends and future perspectives of electronic voting technologies, with emphasis in security and privacy. Secure Electronic Voting includes state-of-the-art material on existing and emerging electronic and Internet voting technologies, which may eventually lead to the development of adequately secure e-voting systems. This book also includes an overview of the legal framework with respect to voting, a description of the user requirements for the development of a secure e-voting system, and a discussion on the relevant technical and social concerns. Secure Electronic Voting includes, also, three case studies on the use and evaluation of e-voting systems in three different real world environments.

Dependable Network Computing provides insights into various problems facing millions of global users resulting from the `internet revolution'. It covers real-time problems involving software, servers, and large-scale storage systems with adaptive fault-tolerant routing and dynamic reconfiguration techniques. Also included is material on routing protocols, QoS, and dead- and live-lock free related issues. All chapters are written by leading specialists in their respective fields. Dependable Network Computing provides useful information for scientists, researchers, and application developers building networks based on commercially off-the-shelf components.

Major advances in computing are occurring at an ever-increasing pace. This is especially so in the area of high performance computing (HPC), where today's supercomputer is tomorrow's workstation. High Performance Computing Systems and Applications is a record of HPCS'98, the 12th annual Symposium on High Performance Computing Systems and Applications. The quality of the conference was significantly enhanced by the high proportion of keynote and invited speakers. This book presents the latest research in HPC architecture, networking, applications and tools. Of special note are the sections on computational biology and physics. High Performance Computing Systems and Applications is suitable as a secondary text for a graduate-level course on computer architecture and networking, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.

Internet heterogeneity is driving a new challenge in application development: adaptive software. Together with the increased Internet capacity and new access technologies, network congestion and the use of older technologies, wireless access, and peer-to-peer networking are increasing the heterogeneity of the Internet. Applications should provide gracefully degraded levels of service when network conditions are poor, and enhanced services when network conditions exceed expectations. Existing adaptive technologies, which are primarily end-to-end or proxy-based and often focus on a single deficient link, can perform poorly in heterogeneous networks. Instead, heterogeneous networks frequently require multiple, coordinated, and distributed remedial actions. Conductor: Distributed Adaptation for Heterogeneous Networks describes a new approach to graceful degradation in the face of network heterogeneity - distributed adaptation - in which adaptive code is deployed at multiple points within a network. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated by conductor, a middleware framework that enables distributed adaptation of connection-oriented, application-level protocols. By adapting protocols, conductor provides application-transparent adaptation, supporting both existing applications and applications designed with adaptation in mind. Conductor: Distributed Adaptation for Heterogeneous Networks introduces new techniques that enable distributed adaptation, making it automatic, reliable, and secure. In particular, we introduce the notion of semantic segmentation, which maintains exactly-once delivery of the semantic elements of a data stream while allowing the stream to be arbitrarily adapted in transit. We also introduce a secure architecture for automatic adaptor selection, protecting user data from unauthorized adaptation. These techniques are described both in the context of conductor and in the broader context of distributed systems. Finally, this book presents empirical evidence from several case studies indicating that distributed adaptation can allow applications to degrade gracefully in heterogeneous networks, providing a higher quality of service to users than other adaptive techniques. Further, experimental results indicate that the proposed techniques can be employed without excessive cost. Thus, distributed adaptation is both practical and beneficial. Conductor: Distributed Adaptation for Heterogeneous Networks is designed to meet the needs of a professional audience composed of researchers and practitioners in industry and graduate-level students in computer science.

Many real-time systems rely on static scheduling algorithms. This includes cyclic scheduling, rate monotonic scheduling and fixed schedules created by off-line scheduling techniques such as dynamic programming, heuristic search, and simulated annealing. However, for many real-time systems, static scheduling algorithms are quite restrictive and inflexible. For example, highly automated agile manufacturing, command, control and communications, and distributed real-time multimedia applications all operate over long lifetimes and in highly non-deterministic environments. Dynamic real-time scheduling algorithms are more appropriate for these systems and are used in such systems. Many of these algorithms are based on earliest deadline first (EDF) policies. There exists a wealth of literature on EDF-based scheduling with many extensions to deal with sophisticated issues such as precedence constraints, resource requirements, system overload, multi-processors, and distributed systems. Deadline Scheduling for Real-Time Systems: EDF and Related Algorithms aims at collecting a significant body of knowledge on EDF scheduling for real-time systems, but it does not try to be all-inclusive (the literature is too extensive). The book primarily presents the algorithms and associated analysis, but guidelines, rules, and implementation considerations are also discussed, especially for the more complicated situations where mathematical analysis is difficult. In general, it is very difficult to codify and taxonomize scheduling knowledge because there are many performance metrics, task characteristics, and system configurations. Also, adding to the complexity is the fact that a variety of algorithms have been designed for different combinations of these considerations. In spite of the recent advances there are still gaps in the solution space and there is a need to integrate the available solutions. For example, a list of issues to consider includes: preemptive versus non-preemptive tasks, uni-processors versus multi-processors, using EDF at dispatch time versus EDF-based planning, precedence constraints among tasks, resource constraints, periodic versus aperiodic versus sporadic tasks, scheduling during overload, fault tolerance requirements, and providing guarantees and levels of guarantees (meeting quality of service requirements). Deadline Scheduling for Real-Time Systems: EDF and Related Algorithms should be of interest to researchers, real-time system designers, and instructors and students, either as a focussed course on deadline-based scheduling for real-time systems, or, more likely, as part of a more general course on real-time computing. The book serves as an invaluable reference in this fast-moving field.

Multi-Threaded Object-Oriented MPI-Based Message Passing Interface: The ARCH Library presents ARCH, a library built as an extension to MPI. ARCH relies on a small set of programming abstractions that allow the writing of well-structured multi-threaded parallel codes according to the object-oriented programming style. ARCH has been written with C++. The book describes the built-in classes, and illustrates their use through several template application cases in several fields of interest: Distributed Algorithms (global completion detection, distributed process serialization), Parallel Combinatorial Optimization (A• procedure), Parallel Image-Processing (segmentation by region growing). It shows how new application-level distributed data types - such as a distributed tree and a distributed graph - can be derived from the built-in classes. A feature of interest to readers is that both the library and the application codes used for illustration purposes are available via the Internet. The material can be downloaded for installation and personal parallel code development on the reader's computer system. ARCH can be run on Unix/Linux as well as Windows NT-based platforms. Current installations include the IBM-SP2, the CRAY-T3E, the Intel Paragon, PC-networks under Linux or Windows NT. Multi-Threaded Object-Oriented MPI-Based Message Passing Interface: The ARCH Library is aimed at scientists who need to implement parallel/distributed algorithms requiring complicated local and/or distributed control structures. It can also benefit parallel/distributed program developers who wish to write codes in the object-oriented style. The author has been using ARCH for several years as a medium to teach parallel and network programming. Teachers can employ the library for the same purpose while students can use it for training. Although ARCH has been used so far in an academic environment, it will be an effective tool for professionals as well. Multi-Threaded Object-Oriented MPI-Based Message Passing Interface: The ARCH Library is suitable as a secondary text for a graduate level course on Data Communications and Networks, Programming Languages, Algorithms and Computational Theory and Distributed Computing and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.

Delta-4 is a 5-nation, 13-partner project that has been investigating the achievement of dependability in open distributed systems, including real-time systems. This book describes the design and validation of the distributed fault-tolerant architecture developed within this project. The key features of the Delta-4 architecture are: (a) a distributed object-oriented application support environment; (b) built-in support for user-transparent fault­ tolerance; (c) use of multicast or group communication protocols; and (d) use of standard off­ the-shelf processors and standard local area network technology with minimum specialized hardware. The book is organized as follows: The first 3 chapters give an overview of the architecture's objectives and of the architecture itself, and compare the proposed solutions with other approaches. Chapters 4 to 12 give a more detailed insight into the Delta-4 architectural concepts. Chapters 4 and 5 are devoted to providing a firm set of general concepts and terminology regarding dependable and real-time computing. Chapter 6 is centred on fault-tolerance techniques based on distribution. The description of the architecture itself commences with a description of the Delta-4 application support environment (Deltase) in chapter 7. Two variants of the architecture - the Delta-4 Open System Architecture (OSA) and the Delta-4 Extra Performance Architecture (XPA) - are described respectively in chapters 8 and 9. Both variants of the architecture have a common underlying basis for dependable multicasting, i. e.

Distributed Infrastructure Support For E-Commerce And Distributed Applications is organized in three parts. The first part constitutes an overview, a more detailed motivation of the problem context, and a tutorial-like introduction to middleware systems. The second part is comprised of a set of chapters that study solutions to leverage the trade-off between a transparent programming model and application-level enabled resource control. The third part of this book presents three detailed distributed application case studies and demonstrates how standard middleware platforms fail to adequately cope with resource control needs of the application designer in these three cases: -An electronic commerce framework for software leasing over the World Wide Web; -A remote building energy management system that has been experimentally deployed on several building sites; -A wireless computing infrastructure for efficient data transfer to non-stationary mobile clients that have been experimentally validated.

Enterprise architecture requires an understanding of all technologies, strategies, and data consumption throughout the enterprise. To this end, one must strive to always broaden knowledge of existing, as well as emerging trends and solutions. As a trade, this role demands an understanding beyond the specificities of technologies and vendor products

Euro-Par is an annual series of international conferences dedicated to the p- motion and the advancement of all aspects of parallel computing. In Euro-Par, the?eld of parallel computing is divided into the four broad categories of t- ory, high performance, cluster and grid, and distributed and mobile computing. These categories are further subdivided into 14 topics that focus on particular areas in parallel computing. The objective of Euro-Par is to provide a forum for promoting the development of parallel computing both as an industrial te- nique and as an academic discipline, extending the frontier of both the state of the art and the state of the practice. The target audience of Euro-Par c- sists of researchers in parallel computing in academic departments, government laboratories, and industrial organizations. Euro-Par 2009 was the 15th conference in the Euro-Par series, and was - ganized by the Parallel and Distributed Systems Group of Delft University of Technology in Delft, TheNetherlands. The previous Euro-Par conferences took placeinStockholm,Lyon,Passau,Southampton,Toulouse,Munich,Manchester, Paderborn,Klagenfurt,Pisa,Lisbon, Dresden, Rennes, and Las Palmasde Gran Canaria. Next year, the conference will be held in Sorrento, Italy. More inf- mation on the Euro-Par conference series and organization is available on its website athttp://www.europar.org.

DAPSYS (International Conference on Distributed and Parallel Systems) is an international biannual conference series dedicated to all aspects of distributed and parallel computing. DAPSYS 2008, the 7th International Conference on Distributed and Parallel Systems was held in September 2008 in Hungary. Distributed and Parallel Systems: Desktop Grid Computing, based on DAPSYS 2008, presents original research, novel concepts and methods, and outstanding results. Contributors investigate parallel and distributed techniques, algorithms, models and applications; present innovative software tools, environments and middleware; focus on various aspects of grid computing; and introduce novel methods for development, deployment, testing and evaluation. This volume features a special focus on desktop grid computing as well. Designed for a professional audience composed of practitioners and researchers in industry, this book is also suitable for advanced-level students in computer science.

Making Grids Work includes selected articles from the CoreGRID Workshop on Grid Programming Models, Grid and P2P Systems Architecture, Grid Systems, Tools and Environments held at the Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas in Crete, Greece, June 2007. This workshop brought together representatives of the academic and industrial communities performing Grid research in Europe. Organized within the context of the CoreGRID Network of Excellence, this workshop provided a forum for the presentation and exchange of views on the latest developments in Grid Technology research. This volume is the 7th in the series of CoreGRID books. Making Grids Work is designed for a professional audience, composed of researchers and practitioners in industry. This volume is also suitable for graduate-level students in computer science.

Stamatis Vassiliadis established the SAMOS workshop in the year 2001—an event which combines his devotion to computer engineering and his pride for Samos, the island where he was born. The quiet and inspiring northern mo- tainside of this Mediterranean island together with his enthusiasm and warmth created a unique atmosphere that made this event so successful. Stamatis V- siliadis passed away on Saturday, April 7, 2007. The research community wants to express its gratitude to him for the creation of the SAMOS workshop, which will not be the same without him. We would like to dedicate this proceedings volume to the memory of Stamatis Vassiliadis. The SAMOS workshop is an international gathering of highly quali?ed - searchers from academia and industry, sharing their ideas during a 3-day lively discussion.Theworkshopmeetingisoneoftwocolocatedevents—theotherevent being the IC-SAMOS. The workshop is unique in the sense that not only solved research problems are presented and discussed but also (partly) unsolved pr- lems and in-depth topical reviews can be unleashed in the scienti?c arena. C- sequently, the workshop provides the participants with an environment where collaboration rather than competition is fostered.

In the second edition of this very successful book, Tony Sammes and Brian Jenkinson show how information held in computer systems can be recovered and how it may be deliberately hidden or subverted for criminal purposes.'Forensic Computing: A Practitioner's Guide'is illustrated by plenty of case studies and worked examples, and will help practitioners and students gain a clear understanding of: - how to recover information from computer systems in such a way as to ensure that its integrity cannot be challenged and that it will be accepted as admissible evidence in court the principles involved in password protection and data encryption - the evaluation procedures used in circumventing these safeguards - the particular legal issues associated with computer-generated evidence and how to ensure admissibility of such evidence. This edition is fully expanded and updated with treatment of metadata files, NFTS systems, CHS and LBA addressing, and alternate data streams.

Transactions on HiPEAC is a new journal which aims at the timely dissemination of research contributions in computer architecture and compilation methods for high-performance embedded computer systems. It publishes original research on systems targeted at specific computing tasks as well as systems with broad application bases. Its scope covers all aspects of computer architecture, code generation and compiler optimization methods.