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Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) is an interdisicplinary research area devoted to exploring the issues of designing computer-based systems that enhance the abilities of cooperating workers to coordinate and integrate their activities in an efficient, effective, and flexible manner. This rigorously selected volume represents both practical and theoretical approaches from many of the leading researchers in the field. As an interdisciplinary area of research, CSCW is characterized by bringing together widely disparate research traditions and perspectives into an arena of collaboration and contention. The selected papers reflect the diverse approaches and cultures of this multi-disciplinary field. This collection will be of interest to a wide audience - because of the huge practical import of the issues and because of the interdisciplinary nature of the problems and the solutions proposed. In particular, the volume will be of interest to researchers and professionals in computing, sociology, cognitive science, and human factors.

This volume includes the papers accepted for the First International Conference on Electronic Commerce and Web Technologies, which was held in Greenwich, UK, on September 4-6, 2000. The conference is the first of a series of planned conferences on these topics with the goal to bring together researchers from academia, practitioners and commercial developers from industry, and users to assess current methodologies and explore new ideas in e-commerce and web technology. The conference attracted 120 papers from all over the world and each paper was reviewed by at least three program committee members for its merit. The program committee finally selected 42 papers for presentation and inclusion in these conference proceedings. The conference program consisted of 14 technical sessions and two invited talks spread over three days. The regular sessions covered topics such as web application design, intellectual property rights, security and fairness, distributed organizations, web usage analysis, modelling of web applications, electronic commerce success factors, electronic markets, XML, web mining, electronic negotiation, integrity and performance, facilitating electronic commerce, and mobile electronic commerce. There were two invited addresses at the conference. The first was by Anthony Finkelstein, University College London, UK on'A Foolish Consistency: Technical Challenges in Consistency Management'. This was a common address to the DEXA, the DaWaK and the EC-Web attendees. The second talk was by Paul Timmers, European Commission, Information Technologies Directorate on'The Role of Technology for the e-Economy'.

Y. Fujimori, Symposium Programme Committee Chair, and Faculty Member, International Space University e-mail: fujimori@isu.isunet.edu M.Rycroft, Faculty Member, International Space University e-mail: rycroft@isu.isunet.edu N. Crosby, International Space University e-mail: norma@bock-crosby.fsbusines.co.uk For the sixth annual ISU Symposium the theme was'Smaller Satellites: Bigger Business? Concepts, Applications and Markets for Micro/Nanosatellites in a New Information World'. Thus, the Symposium addressed the crucial question: are small satellites the saviour of space programmes around the world It did this from the unique perspective of the International Space today? University - the interdisciplinary, international and intercultural perspective. This Symposium brought together a variety of people working on small satellites - engineers, scientists, planners, providers, operators, policy makers and business executives, together with representatives from regulatory bodies, from national and international organizations, and from the finance sector, and also entrepreneurs. Discussion and debate were encouraged, based on the papers presented and those published here.

In the foreword to this volume of conference proceedings for IFIP Working Group 8.4, it is appropriate to review the wider organization to which the Working Group belongs. The International Federation of Information Processing (IFIP) is a non-governmental, non-profit umbrella organization for national societies working in the field of information processing that was established in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO. IFIP's mission is to be the leading, truly international, apolitical organization which encourages and assists in the development, exploitation and application of Information Technology for the benefit of all people. At the heart of IFIP lie its Technical Committees that, between them, count on the active participation of some two thousand people world-wide. These Groups work in a variety of ways to share experience and to develop their specialised knowledge. Technical Committees include: TC 1. Foundations of Computer Science; TC 2: Software: Theory and Practice; TC 3: Education; TC 6: Communication Systems; TC 7: System Modelling and Optimization; TC 9: Relationship between Computers and Society; TC 11: Security and Protection in Information Processing Systems; TC 12: Artificial Intelligence and TC 13: Human-Computer Interaction. The IFIP website www.ifip.org) has further details. Technical Committee 8 (TC8) is concerned with Information Systems in organisations. Within TC8 there are different Working Groups focusing on particular aspects of Information Systems.

The'world'is becoming more and more intractable. We have learned to discern'systems'in it, we have developed a highly sophisticated math­ ematical apparatus to'model''them, large computer simulation programs handle thousands of equations with zillions of parameters. But how ade­ quate are these efforts? Part One of this volume is a discussion containing some proposals for eliminating the constraints we encounter when approaching complex systems with our models: Is it possible, at all, to design a political or econom­ ic system without considering killing, torture, and oppression? Can we adequately model the present state of affairs while ignoring their often symbolic and paradoxical nature? Is it possible to explain teleological concepts such as'means'and'ends'in terms of basically 17th century Newtonian mechanics? Can we really make appropriate use of the vast a­ mount of systems concepts without exploring their relations, without de­ veloping a'system of systems concepts'? And why do more than 95% of all system modelling efforts end in just a heap of printed paper, and nothing else? Leading scientists from different disciplines, who have different viewpoints and use very different styles in presenting their message were invited to present their approaches to these and to other problems of equal importance: Either as Plenary Lectures at the Seventh European Meeting on Cybernetics and Systems Research at the University of Vienna, Austria, (Professors Stafford Beer, Helga Nowotny, and Robert Rosen (Ross Ashby Memorial Lecture)) or as Invited Lectures to the Austrian Society

Creation Techniques for Software Development and Deployment, Agent-Based Management, Virtual Home Environment, Integrated and Scalable Solutions for Telecommunications Management. This shows that the issues related to communications management, architectures, and service creation are still of great interest, while the virtual home environment is emerging as a new key topic in IS&N. In summary, this book reflects the state of the art in research on IS&N topics, with the focus mentioned above, not only from European Union co-funded projects (mainly in the ACTS programme), but also from research organisations around the globe. February 2000 Jaime Delgado George D. Stamoulis Alvin Mullery Didoe Prevedourou Keith Start Previous IS&N Conferences and Proceedings The first IS&N conference was organised in 1992 in Paris, France. Since then, the IS&N conferences have been held almost every year, with proceedings published as part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) series of Springer-Verlag. These are as follows.'Towards a Pan-European Telecommunication Service Infrastructure - IS&N'94', Hans-Jiirgen Kugler, Al Mullery, Norbert Niebert (Eds.), Aachen, Germany, September 1994, LNCS 851, ISBN 3-540-58420-X.'Bringing Telecommunication Services to the People - IS&N'95', Anne Clarke, Mario Campolargo, Nikos Karatzas (Eds.), Heraklion, Greece, October 1995, LNCS 998, ISBN 3-540-60479-0.'Intelligence in Services and Networks: Technology for Cooperative Competition — IS&N'97\ Al Mullery, Michel Besson, Mario Campolargo, Roberta Gobbi, Rick Reed (Eds.), Cernobbio, Italy, May 1997, LNCS 1238, ISBN 3-540-63135-6.

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of new forms of working and new working arrangements largely enabled by technology. The Future of Work is a projection of how work, working, workers and the workplace will evolve in the years ahead from the perspective of different actors in society, influenced by technological, socio-economic, political, and demographic changes.This open access book is a timely exploration of some of the challenges and prospects for the future of work from two main perspectives: how work is changing and how to prepare for work in the future. An evidence-based assessment of these topics offers some critical perspectives that challenge old assumptions and opens up emerging trends and possibilities for work in the future. As part of the Palgrave Studies in Digital Business & Enabling Technologies series, this book is an essential resource for academics of Business, Human Resource Management, Organisational Psychology and Industrial Relations, aswell as practitioners and policy makers.

This book analyzes the fundamental issues faced when blockchain technology is applied to real-life applications. These concerns, not only in the realm of computer science, are caused by the nature of technological design. Blockchain is considered the foundation of a wide range of flexible ecosystems; its technology is an excellent mixture of mathematics, cryptography, incentive mechanisms, economics, and pertinent regulations. The book provides an essential understanding of why such fundamental issues arise, by revising the underlying theories. Blockchain theory is thus presented in an easy-to-understand, useful manner. Also explained is the reason why blockchain is hard to adopt for real-life problems but is valuable as a foundation for flexible ecosystems. Included are directions for solving those problems and finding suitable areas for blockchain applications in the future. The authors of this work are experts from a wide range of backgrounds such as cryptography, distributed computing, computer science, trust, identity, regulation, and standardization. Their contributions collected here will appeal to all who are interested in blockchain and the elements surrounding it.

The most important properties of normal and Student t-distributions are presented. A number of applications of these properties are demonstrated. New related results dealing with the distributions of the sum, product and ratio of the independent normal and Student distributions are presented. The materials will be useful to the advanced undergraduate and graduate students and practitioners in the various fields of science and engineering.

Information technology has revolutionized the way business is conducted, especially since the adoption of the Internet by the business community over the last decade. As the marketplace has become global in character, conducting business electronically has opened up fresh opportunities for reaching new markets for both finding and selling products. New business models are emerging that allow organizations to both reduce costs and achieve competitive advantage through the manipulation of information accompanying the physical business process.

Die Popularität des Data Warehouse-Konzepts unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit einer besseren Informationsbasis für Entscheidungsträger aller Managementebenen. Handelt es sich hierbei lediglich um eine Modeerscheinung, oder eröffnet dieses Konzept tätsächlich Möglichkeiten, Entscheidungsträger mit qualitativ besseren Informationen zu versorgen? Für die dritte Auflage wurde das Buch erneut in Teilen überarbeitet. Ausgehend von der Architektur, den charakteristischen Komponenten und Funktionen eines Data Warehouses analysieren namhafte Experten u.a. folgende Aspekte: Fragen der Entwicklung, Datenmodellierung und -speicherung, die Eignung veschiedener Datenbankmodelle, rechtliche Aspekte, Datenschutz etc. Verzeichnis: Ausgehend von der Architektur, den charakteristischen Komponenten und Funktionen eines Data Warehouses analysieren namhafte Experten u.a. folgende Aspekte: Fragen der Entwicklung, Datenmodellierung und -speicherung, die Eignung veschiedener Datenbankmodelle, rechtliche Aspekte, Datenschutz etc. Für die dritte Auflage wurde das Buch erneut in Teilen überarbeitet.

Das vorliegende Lehrbuch ist auf Grund einer Vorlesung entstanden, die ich erstmals im Jahre 1958 an der Universität Freiburg (Schweiz) und an der Handelshochschule St. Gallen gehalten hatte. Ihr Inhalt ist dann jeweils dem neuesten Stand der Forschung angepaßt worden, indem es mir möglich war, die Erfahrungen, die ich als wissenschaftlicher Leiter der ersten und zweiten Studienreise nach den USA über Automation (Swiss Automation Tour to the USA) in den Jahren 1959 und 1960 sammeln konnte, zu verwerten. Der Inhalt des Buches richtet sich vor allem an angehende Volks­ und Betriebswirtschafter sowie an Personen, die sich in der Praxis Pro­ blemen der Programmierung elektronischer Rechenautomaten gegenüber­ gestellt sehen. Angesichts der Entwicklung auf dem Gebiete der admini­ strativen Automation ist es besonders erwünscht, daß sich Volks- und Betriebswirtschafter mit diesen Verfahren vertraut machen, da sie vor allem berufen sind, dem Unternehmer beim Einsatz solcher Geräte in der Unternehmung behilflich zu sein. Ich hoffe, daß diesem Buche eine gute Aufnahme beschieden sein wird, und daß es einem großen Personenkreis ermöglichen wird, das ge­ steckte Ziel zu erreichen. Freiburg (Schweiz), Ende Dezember 1960.

In this volume organizational learning theory is used to analyse various practices of managing and facilitating knowledge sharing within companies. Experiences with three types of knowledge sharing, namely knowledge acquisition, knowledge reuse, and knowledge creation, at ten large companies are discussed and analyzed. This critical analysis leads to the identification of traps and obstacles when managing knowledge sharing, when supporting knowledge sharing with IT tools, and when organizations try to learn from knowledge sharing practices. The identification of these risks is followed by a discussion of how organizations can avoid them. This work will be of interest to researchers and practitioners working in organization science and business administration. Also, consultants and organizations at large will find the book useful as it will provide them with insights into how other organizations manage and facilitate knowledge sharing and how potential failures can be prevented.

This book is a venture in the worlds of modeling and of metamodeling. At this point, I will not reveal to readers what constitutes metamodeling. Suf­ fice it to say that the pitfalls and shortcomings of modeling can be cured only if we resort to a higher level of inquiry called metainquiry and metadesign. We reach this level by the process of abstraction. The book contains five chapters from my previous work, Applied General Systems Theory (Harper and Row, London and New York, First Edition 1974, Second Edition 1978). More than ten years after its publication, this material still appears relevant to the main thrust of system design. This book is dedicated to all those who are involved in changing the world for the better. In a way we all are involved in system design: from the city manager who struggles with the problems of mass transportation or the consolidation of a city and its suburbs to the social worker who tries to provide benefits to the urban poor. It includes the engineer who designs the shuttle rockets. It involves the politician engaged in drafting a bill to recycle containers, or one to prevent pesticide contamination of our food. The politician might even need system design to chart his or her own re-election campaign.

One of the fast growing elements of the Internet is electronic commerce, which refers to the use of electronic means to conduct business transactions within or across business entities. Nearly 80 percent of all Fortune 500 companies have been doing their core business through the Internet. Many issues, and societal implications of electronic commerce, are the subjects of recent research. A supply chain consists of all the entities and activities that enable the production, distribution, and delivery of products and services to consumers. Research in designing and managing supply chains has rapidly expanded during the last decade. In addition, increased and accessible computing power and modeling capabilities have spurred this growth, enabling researchers to simultaneously consider the many interrelated variables and decisions of a supply chain in a single tractable model.

The systems movement, now 40 years old, is made up of many associations of systems thinkers from different disciplines all over the world. The United Kingdom Systems Society (UKSS) was formed in 1978. Today it has over 300 members and is committed to the development and promotion of'systems'philosophy, theory, concepts and methodolo­ gies for improving decision making for the benefit of organizations and wider society. The first UKSS International Conference was held at the University of Hull in July ofHuddersfield 1989. Since then we have held International Conferences at the Universities (1991) and Paisley (1993). The UKSS International Conferences are now an established biannual event and this, our fourth international conference, will be jointly hosted by the Universities of Hull and Humberside. Systems science is considered to be a trans-discipline which promotes critical and effective intervention in complex organisational and social problem situations. As such it traverses'hard', through'soft'to'critical'systems thinking and methodologies. Yet, despite the currently robust state of the UKSS the systems movement cannot be described as an international movement: different subdisciplines are at different stages of development and are often engaged in pursuing their own particular interests and themes with little'conversation'between the subdisciplines despite their common interest in systems.

lnfonnation technology is about more than computers. Thus, it was a recurring-and rather infuriating-aspect of the early discussions on infonnation technology that those who participated tended either to ignore or to severely understate the role in infonnation technology of telecommunications. This very fine book by Ken Grover goes a long way toward correcting that misconception. However important the computer and computer-based equipment might be, the role of telecommunications equip­ ment has also been and continues to be significant. Moreover, as the author brings out, it is going to be even more important. As this enthralling story unfolds the reader will find him or herself continually remarking that there cannot be more-but again and again, there is. Those who are already of the world of telecommunications will, on reading this work, be proud of their colleague. Those who are already of the world of computers will learn a great deal and, it is to be hoped, will in future be fairer toward telecommunications than they have been in the past. Those who are new to the world of information technology will sally forth better balanced than most.

On the basis of fuzzy sets and some of their relevant generalizations, this book systematically presents the fundamental principles and applications of group decision making under different scenarios of preference relations. By using intuitionistic knowledge as the field of discourse, this work investigates by utilizing innovative research means the fundamental principles and methods of group decision making with various different intuitionistic preferences: Mathematical reasoning is employed to study the consistency of group decision making; Methods of fusing information are applied to look at the aggregation of multiple preferences; Techniques of soft computing and optimization are utilized to search for satisfactory decision alternatives. Each chapter follows the following structurally clear format of presentation: literature review, development of basic theory, verification and reasoning of principles, construction of models and computational schemes, and numerical examples, which cover such areas as technology, enterprise competitiveness, selection of airlines, experts decision making in weather-sensitive enterprises, etc. In terms of theoretical principles, this book can be used as a reference for researchers in the areas of management science, information science, systems engineering, operations research, and other relevant fields. It can also be employed as textbook for upper level undergraduate students and graduate students. In terms of applications, this book will be a good companion for all those decision makers in government, business, and technology areas.

'Faith. Hope. and Charity and the greatest of these is Charity.''Hardware. Software. and Lil'ell'are and the greatest of these is...'As information technology ceased to be the prerogative of computer scientists and electronics engineers, those of us from other disciplines had to contend with the jargon which was already in vogue. We learned to live with'hardware'and'software.'We were less enthusiastic about'Iiveware.'Polite and some impolite questioning revealed that'Iiveware'was a euphemism for'people.'We were not amused. As one spirited participant observed,'I refused to go home and tell my children that Almighty God had made liveware in His own image and likeness.'People are too important to be known as anything but people. Moreover, it is the importance of people that is the dominating and recurring theme of this book by Christopher Baldry. He deals with virtually every aspect of the problems concerning men and women and their recourse to the equipment. This could well become the definitive work in the field. In addition to the details of health hazards, industrial relations, new technology agreements and the like, Dr. Baldry grapples with two great underpinning issues.

Fuzzy Logic: State of the Art covers a wide range of both theory and applications of fuzzy sets, ranging from mathematical basics, through artificial intelligence, computer management and systems science to engineering applications. Fuzzy Logic will be of interest to researchers working in fuzzy set theory and its applications.

Das Internet als supranationaler Raum öffentlichen Rechts ist keineswegs rechtsfrei, es stellt vielmehr das Recht vor Fragen bisher nicht gekannter Komplexität. Das Buch behandelt die wichtigsten Bereiche kommerzieller Internet-Nutzung unter dem Gesichtspunkt des deutschen Rechts und beschreibt die häufigsten rechtlichen Fallstricke. Nach einer Einführung in die Grundlagen des Cyberspace geht es schwerpunktmäßig um Domain-Namensrecht, Inhalt und Gestaltung von Webseiten, Verträge per E-Mail und HTML-Formular, Einbeziehung der Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen (AGB), Werbung und Verkauf im World Wide Web sowie Datenerhebung und Marktforschung. Dabei werden insbesondere die unterschiedlichen Positionen der aktuell kontroversen Diskussion herausgearbeitet und rechtlich bewertet. Hervorzuheben ist, daß sich das Buch nicht an der juristischen Klassifikation orientiert, sondern an den praktischen Komponenten des Einsatzes von Internet-Technologien zur Marktkommunikation.

Whether you are an Excel neophyte, a sophisticate who knows the program inside out, or an intermediate-level plodder eager to hone your skills, Excel: The Missing Manual is sure to become your go-to resource for all things Excel. Covering all the features of Excel 2002 and 2003, the most recent versions for Windows, Excel: The Missing Manual is an easy-to-read, thorough and downright enjoyable guide to one of the world's most popular, (and annoyingly complicated!) computer programs.Never a candidate for'the most user-friendly of Microsoft programs,'Excel demands study, practice and dedication to gain even a working knowledge of the basics. Excel 2003 is probably even tougher to use than any previous version of Excel. However, despite its fairly steep learning curve, this marvelously rich program enables users of every stripe to turn data into information using tools to analyze, communicate, and share knowledge. Excel can help you to collaborate effectively, and protect and control access to your work. Power users can take advantage of industry-standard Extensible Markup Language (XML) data to connect to business processes.To unleash the power of the program and mine the full potential of their database talents, users need an authorative and friendly resource. None is more authoritative or friendlier than Excel: The Missing Manual. Not only does the book provide exhaustive coverage of the basics, it provides numerous tips and tricks, as well as advanced data analysis, programming and Web interface knowledge that pros can adopt for their latest project. Neophytes will find everything they need to create professional spreadsheets and become confident users.Excel: The Missing Manual covers: worksheet basics, formulas and functions, organizing worksheets, charts and graphics, advanced data analysis, sharing data with the rest of the world, and programming.If you buy just one book about using Excel, this has GOT to be it. This book has all you need to help you excel at Excel.

This book traces the origins of the present information technology revolution, the technological features that underlie its impact, the organisations, the companies and technologies which are governing the current and future growth. It explains how the technology works, how it fits together, how the industry is structured and what the future might bring.