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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 23rd Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching, CPM 2012, held in Helsinki, Finland, in July 2012. The 33 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 60 submissions. The papers address issues of searching and matching strings and more complicated patterns such as trees, regular expressions, graphs, point sets, and arrays. The goal is to derive non-trivial combinatorial properties of such structures and to exploit these properties in order to either achieve superior performance for the corresponding computational problems or pinpoint conditions under which searches cannot be performed efficiently. The meeting also deals with problems in computational biology, data compression and data mining, coding, information retrieval, natural language processing, and pattern recognition.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First Mediterranean Conference on Algorithms, MedAlg 2012, held in Kibbutz Ein Gedi, Israel, in December 2012. The 18 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 44 submissions. The conference papers focus on the design, engineering, theoretical and experimental performance analysis of algorithms for problems arising in different areas of computation. Topics covered include: communications networks, combinatorial optimization and approximation, parallel and distributed computing, computer systems and architecture, economics, game theory, social networks and the World Wide Web.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Frontiers of Algorithmics Workshop, FAW 2012, and the 8th International Conference on Algorithmic Aspects in Information and Management, AAIM 2012, jointly held in Beijing, China, in May 2012. The 33 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 81 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on algorithms and data structures, algorithmic game theory and incentive analysis, biomedical imaging algorithms, communication networks and optimization, computational learning theory, knowledge discovery, and data mining, experimental algorithmic methodologies, optimization algorithms in economic and operations research, pattern recognition algorithms and trustworthy algorithms and trustworthy software.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation, ISAAC 2012, held in Taipei, Taiwan, in December 2012. The 68 revised full papers presented together with three invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 174 submissions for inclusion in the book. This volume contains topics such as graph algorithms; online and streaming algorithms; combinatorial optimization; computational complexity; computational geometry; string algorithms; approximation algorithms; graph drawing; data structures; randomized algorithms; and algorithmic game theory.

Unlock the power of Python with this comprehensive guide, “Python and Algorithmic Thinking for the Complete Beginner.” It covers everything from computer basics to advanced decision and loop control structures.Key FeaturesComprehensive coverage from basic computer operations to advanced programming conceptsStep-by-step progression of each topic, along with tips and tricks to enhance coding efficiencyIn-depth exploration of Python and algorithmic thinking with exercises and practical examplesBook DescriptionThis course is meticulously designed to take beginners on a journey through the fascinating world of Python programming and algorithmic thinking. The initial chapters lay a strong foundation, starting with the basics of how computers operate, moving into Python programming, and familiarizing learners with integrated development environments like IDLE and Visual Studio Code. Further, the course delves into essential programming constructs such as variables, constants, input/output handling, and operators. You'll gain practical experience with trace tables, sequence control structures, and decision control structures through comprehensive exercises and examples. The curriculum emphasizes hands-on learning with chapters dedicated to manipulating numbers, strings, and understanding complex mathematical expressions. By mastering these concepts, you'll be well-prepared to tackle more advanced topics. The final chapters introduce you to object-oriented programming and file manipulation, rounding out your skill set. Throughout the course, practical tips and tricks are provided to enhance your coding efficiency and problem-solving skills. By the end of this course, you will have a robust understanding of Python programming and the ability to apply algorithmic thinking to solve real-world problems.What you will learnUnderstand how computers work and the basics of Python programmingInstall and use integrated development environments (IDEs)Develop skills in decision and loop control structuresManipulate data using lists, dictionaries, and stringsApply algorithmic thinking to solve complex problemsGain proficiency in object-oriented programming & file manipulationWho this book is forThis course is ideal for absolute beginners with no prior programming experience. Basic computer literacy is required, but no specific knowledge of programming or algorithms is necessary. It is also suitable for individuals looking to refresh their Python skills and enhance their understanding of algorithmic thinking. High school and college students interested in programming, professionals seeking to upskill, and hobbyists eager to learn a new programming language will all find value in this course.

This textbook explains the concepts and techniques required to write programs that can handle large amounts of data efficiently. Project-oriented and classroom-tested, the book presents a number of important algorithms—supported by motivating examples—that bring meaning to the problems faced by computer programmers. The idea of computational complexity is introduced, demonstrating what can and cannot be computed efficiently at scale, helping programmers make informed judgements about the algorithms they use. The easy-to-read text assumes some basic experience in computer programming and familiarity in an object-oriented language, but not necessarily with Python.Topics and features:Includes introductory and advanced data structures and algorithms topics, with suggested chapter sequences for those respective coursesProvides learning goals, review questions, and programming exercises in each chapter, as well as numerous examplesPresents a primer on Python for those coming from a different language backgroundAdds a new chapter on multiprocessing with Python using the DragonHPC multinode implementation of multiprocessing (includes a tutorial)Reviews the use of hashing in sets and maps, and examines binary search trees, tree traversals, and select graph algorithmsOffers downloadable programs and supplementary files at an associated website to help studentsStudents of computer science will find this clear and concise textbook invaluable for undergraduate courses on data structures and algorithms, at both introductory and advanced levels. The book is also suitable as a refresher guide for computer programmers starting new jobs working with Python.Dr. Kent D. Lee is a Professor Emeritus of Computer Science at Luther College, Decorah, Iowa, USA. He is the author of the successful Springer books, Python Programming Fundamentals, and Foundations of Programming Languages.Dr. Steve Hubbard is a Professor Emeritus of Mathematics and Computer Science at Luther College.

This book comprehensively assesses the growing importance of project data for project scheduling, risk analysis and control. It discusses the relevance of project data for both researchers and professionals, and illustrates why the collection, processing and use of such data is not as straightforward as most people think. The theme of this book is known in the literature as data-driven project management and includes the discussion of using computer algorithms, human intuition, and project data for managing projects under risk. The book reviews the basic components of data-driven project management by summarizing the current state-of-the-art methodologies, including the latest computer and machine learning algorithms and statistical methodologies, for project risk and control. It highlights the importance of artificial project data for academics, and describes the specific requirements such data must meet. In turn, the book discusses a wide variety of statistical methods available to generate these artificial data and shows how they have helped researchers to develop algorithms and tools to improve decision-making in project management. Moreover, it examines the relevance of project data from a professional standpoint and describes how professionals should collect empirical project data for better decision-making. Finally, the book introduces a new approach to data collection, generation, and analysis for creating project databases, making it relevant for academic researchers and professional project managers alike.

Implement numerical algorithms in Java using NM Dev, an object-oriented and high-performance programming library for mathematics.You'll see how it can help you easily create a solution for your complex engineering problem by quickly putting together classes.Numerical Methods Using Java covers a wide range of topics, including chapters on linear algebra, root finding, curve fitting, differentiation and integration, solving differential equations, random numbers and simulation, a whole suite of unconstrained and constrained optimization algorithms, statistics, regression and time series analysis. The mathematical concepts behind the algorithms are clearly explained, with plenty of code examples and illustrations to help even beginners get started. What You Will Learn Program in Java using a high-performance numerical libraryLearn the mathematics for a wide range of numerical computing algorithmsConvert ideas and equations into codePut together algorithms and classes to build your own engineering solutionBuild solvers for industrial optimization problemsDo data analysis using basic and advanced statisticsWho This Book Is For Programmers, data scientists, and analysts with prior experience with programming in any language, especially Java.

This open access book surveys the progress in addressing selected challenges related to the growth of big data in combination with increasingly complicated hardware. It emerged from a research program established by the German Research Foundation (DFG) as priority program SPP 1736 on Algorithmics for Big Data where researchers from theoretical computer science worked together with application experts in order to tackle problems in domains such as networking, genomics research, and information retrieval. Such domains are unthinkable without substantial hardware and software support, and these systems acquire, process, exchange, and store data at an exponential rate. The chapters of this volume summarize the results of projects realized within the program and survey-related work.This is an open access book.

'It's a joy to read a book by a mathematician who knows how to write. [...] There is no better guide to the strategies and stakes of this battle for the future.'---Paul Romer, Nobel Laureate, University Professor in Economics at NYU, and former Chief Economist at the World Bank. “By explaining the flaws and foibles of everything from Google search to QAnon—and by providing level-headed evaluations of efforts to fix them—Noah Giansiracusa offers the perfect starting point for anyone entering the maze of modern digital media.”—Jonathan Rauch, senior fellow at the Brookings Institute and contributing editor of The AtlanticFrom deepfakes to GPT-3, deep learning is now powering a new assault on our ability to tell what's real and what's not, bringing a whole new algorithmic side to fake news. On the other hand, remarkable methods are being developed to help automate fact-checking and the detection of fake news and doctored media. Success in the modern business world requires you to understand these algorithmic currents, and to recognize the strengths, limits, and impacts of deep learning---especially when it comes to discerning the truth and differentiating fact from fiction. This book tells the stories of this algorithmic battle for the truth and how it impacts individuals and society at large. In doing so, it weaves together the human stories and what's at stake here, a simplified technical background on how these algorithms work, and an accessible survey of the research literature exploring these various topics. How Algorithms Create and Prevent Fake News is an accessible, broad account of the various ways that data-driven algorithms have been distorting reality and rendering the truth harder to grasp. From news aggregators to Google searches to YouTube recommendations to Facebook news feeds, the way we obtain information todayis filtered through the lens of tech giant algorithms. The way data is collected, labelled, and stored has a big impact on the machine learning algorithms that are trained on it, and this is a main source of algorithmic bias ­– which gets amplified in harmful data feedback loops. Don't be afraid: with this book you'll see the remedies and technical solutions that are being applied to oppose these harmful trends. There is hope.What You Will LearnThe ways that data labeling and storage impact machine learning and how feedback loops can occurThe history and inner-workings of YouTube's recommendation algorithmThe state-of-the-art capabilities of AI-powered text generation (GPT-3) and video synthesis/doctoring (deepfakes) and how these technologies have been used so farThe algorithmic tools available to help with automated fact-checking and truth-detectionWho This Book is ForPeople who don't have a technical background (in data, computers, etc.) but who would like to learn how algorithms impact society; business leaders who want to know the powers and perils of relying on artificial intelligence. A secondary audience is people with a technical background who want to explore the larger social and societal impact of their work.

This book describes in detail sampling techniques that can be used for unsupervised and supervised cases, with a focus on sampling techniques for machine learning algorithms. It covers theory and models of sampling methods for managing scalability and the “curse of dimensionality”, their implementations, evaluations, and applications. A large part of the book is dedicated to database comprising standard feature vectors, and a special section is reserved to the handling of more complex objects and dynamic scenarios. The book is ideal for anyone teaching or learning pattern recognition and interesting teaching or learning pattern recognition and is interested in the big data challenge. It provides an accessible introduction to the field and discusses the state of the art concerning sampling techniques for supervised and unsupervised task.Provides a comprehensive description of sampling techniques for unsupervised and supervised tasks;Describe implementationand evaluation of algorithms that simultaneously manage scalable problems and curse of dimensionality;Addresses the role of sampling in dynamic scenarios, sampling when dealing with complex objects, and new challenges arising from big data.'This book represents a timely collection of state-of-the art research of sampling techniques, suitable for anyone who wants to become more familiar with these helpful techniques for tackling the big data challenge.'M. Emre Celebi, Ph.D., Professor and Chair, Department of Computer Science, University of Central Arkansas'In science the difficulty is not to have ideas, but it is to make them work'From Carlo Rovelli

This book is a gentle introduction to dominance-based query processing techniques and their applications. The book aims to present fundamental as well as some advanced issues in the area in a precise, but easy-to-follow, manner. Dominance is an intuitive concept that can be used in many different ways in diverse application domains. The concept of dominance is based on the values of the attributes of each object. An object ���� dominates another object ���� if ���� is better than ����. This goodness criterion may differ from one user to another. However, all decisions boil down to the minimization or maximization of attribute values. In this book, we will explore algorithms and applications related to dominance-based query processing. The concept of dominance has a long history in finance and multi-criteria optimization. However, the introduction of the concept to the database community in 2001 inspired many researchers to contribute to the area. Therefore, many algorithmic techniqueshave been proposed for the efficient processing of dominance-based queries, such as skyline queries, ����-dominant queries, and top-���� dominating queries, just to name a few.

This book aims at being a comprehensive and pedagogical introduction to the concept of self-stabilization, introduced by Edsger Wybe Dijkstra in 1973. Self-stabilization characterizes the ability of a distributed algorithm to converge within finite time to a configuration from which its behavior is correct (i.e., satisfies a given specification), regardless the arbitrary initial configuration of the system. This arbitrary initial configuration may be the result of the occurrence of a finite number of transient faults. Hence, self-stabilization is actually considered as a versatile non-masking fault tolerance approach, since it recovers from the effect of any finite number of such faults in an unified manner. Another major interest of such an automatic recovery method comes from the difficulty of resetting malfunctioning devices in a large-scale (and so, geographically spread) distributed system (the Internet, Pair-to-Pair networks, and Delay Tolerant Networks are examples of such distributed systems). Furthermore, self-stabilization is usually recognized as a lightweight property to achieve fault tolerance as compared to other classical fault tolerance approaches. Indeed, the overhead, both in terms of time and space, of state-of-the-art self-stabilizing algorithms is commonly small. This makes self-stabilization very attractive for distributed systems equipped of processes with low computational and memory capabilities, such as wireless sensor networks. After more than 40 years of existence, self-stabilization is now sufficiently established as an important field of research in theoretical distributed computing to justify its teaching in advanced research-oriented graduate courses. This book is an initiation course, which consists of the formal definition of self-stabilization and its related concepts, followed by a deep review and study of classical (simple) algorithms, commonly used proof schemes and design patterns, as well as premium results issued from the self-stabilizing community. As often happens in the self-stabilizing area, in this book we focus on the proof of correctness and the analytical complexity of the studied distributed self-stabilizing algorithms. Finally, we underline that most of the algorithms studied in this book are actually dedicated to the high-level atomic-state model, which is the most commonly used computational model in the self-stabilizing area. However, in the last chapter, we present general techniques to achieve self-stabilization in the low-level message passing model, as well as example algorithms.

As the structure of contemporary communication networks grows more complex, practical networked distributed systems become prone to component failures. Fault-tolerant consensus in message-passing systems allows participants in the system to agree on a common value despite the malfunction or misbehavior of some components. It is a task of fundamental importance for distributed computing, due to its numerous applications. We summarize studies on the topological conditions that determine the feasibility of consensus, mainly focusing on directed networks and the case of restricted topology knowledge at each participant. Recently, significant efforts have been devoted to fully characterize the underlying communication networks in which variations of fault-tolerant consensus can be achieved. Although the deduction of analogous topological conditions for undirected networks of known topology had shortly followed the introduction of the problem, their extension to the directed network case has been proven a highly non-trivial task. Moreover, global knowledge restrictions, inherent in modern large-scale networks, require more elaborate arguments concerning the locality of distributed computations. In this work, we present the techniques and ideas used to resolve these issues. Recent studies indicate a number of parameters that affect the topological conditions under which consensus can be achieved, namely, the fault model, the degree of system synchrony (synchronous vs. asynchronous), the type of agreement (exact vs. approximate), the level of topology knowledge, and the algorithm class used (general vs. iterative). We outline the feasibility and impossibility results for various combinations of the above parameters, extensively illustrating the relation between network topology and consensus.

Take your Python machine learning ideas and create serverless web applications accessible by anyone with an Internet connection. Some of the most popular serverless cloud providers are covered in this book—Amazon, Microsoft, Google, and PythonAnywhere. You will work through a series of common Python data science problems in an increasing order of complexity. The practical projects presented in this book are simple, clear, and can be used as templates to jump-start many other types of projects. You will learn to create a web application around numerical or categorical predictions, understand the analysis of text, create powerful and interactive presentations, serve restricted access to data, and leverage web plugins to accept credit card payments and donations. You will get your projects into the hands of the world in no time. Each chapter follows three steps: modeling the right way, designing and developing a local web application, and deploying onto a popular and reliable serverless cloud provider. You can easily jump to or skip particular topics in the book. You also will have access to Jupyter notebooks and code repositories for complete versions of the code covered in the book. What You'll Learn Extend your machine learning models using simple techniques to create compelling and interactive web dashboardsLeverage the Flask web framework for rapid prototyping of your Python models and ideasCreate dynamic content powered by regression coefficients, logistic regressions, gradient boosting machines, Bayesian classifications, and moreHarness the power of TensorFlow by exporting saved models into web applicationsCreate rich web dashboards to handle complex real-time user input with JavaScript and Ajax to yield interactive and tailored contentCreate dashboards with paywalls to offer subscription-based accessAccess API data such as Google Maps,OpenWeather, etc.Apply different approaches to make sense of text data and return customized intelligenceBuild an intuitive and useful recommendation site to add value to users and entice them to keep coming backUtilize the freemium offerings of Google Analytics and analyze the resultsTake your ideas all the way to your customer's plate using the top serverless cloud providers Who This Book Is For Those with some programming experience with Python, code editing, and access to an interpreter in working order. The book is geared toward entrepreneurs who want to get their ideas onto the web without breaking the bank, small companies without an IT staff, students wanting exposure and training, and for all data science professionals ready to take things to the next level.

As technology continues to become more sophisticated, mimicking natural processes and phenomena becomes more of a reality. Continued research in the field of natural computing enables an understanding of the world around us, in addition to opportunities for manmade computing to mirror the natural processes and systems that have existed for centuries. Nature-Inspired Algorithms for Big Data Frameworks is a collection of innovative research on the methods and applications of extracting meaningful information from data using algorithms that are capable of handling the constraints of processing time, memory usage, and the dynamic and unstructured nature of data. Highlighting a range of topics including genetic algorithms, data classification, and wireless sensor networks, this book is ideally designed for computer engineers, software developers, IT professionals, academicians, researchers, and upper-level students seeking current research on the application of nature and biologically inspired algorithms for handling challenges posed by big data in diverse environments.

Discover hidden relationships among the variables in your data, and learn how to exploit these relationships. This book presents a collection of data-mining algorithms that are effective in a wide variety of prediction and classification applications. All algorithms include an intuitive explanation of operation, essential equations, references to more rigorous theory, and commented C++ source code.Many of these techniques are recent developments, still not in widespread use. Others are standard algorithms given a fresh look. In every case, the focus is on practical applicability, with all code written in such a way that it can easily be included into any program. The Windows-based DATAMINE program lets you experiment with the techniques before incorporating them into your own work.What You'll LearnUse Monte-Carlo permutation tests to provide statistically sound assessments of relationships present in your dataDiscover how combinatorially symmetric cross validation reveals whether your model has true power or has just learned noise by overfitting the dataWork with feature weighting as regularized energy-based learning to rank variables according to their predictive power when there is too little data for traditional methodsSee how the eigenstructure of a dataset enables clustering of variables into groups that exist only within meaningful subspaces of the dataPlot regions of the variable space where there is disagreement between marginal and actual densities, or where contribution to mutual information is highWho This Book Is ForAnyone interested in discovering and exploiting relationships among variables. Although all code examples are written in C++, the algorithms are described in sufficient detail that they can easily be programmed in any language.

Examine the problem of maintaining the quality of big data and discover novel solutions. You will learn the four V's of big data, including veracity, and study the problem from various angles. The solutions discussed are drawn from diverse areas of engineering and math, including machine learning, statistics, formal methods, and the Blockchain technology. Veracity of Big Data serves as an introduction to machine learning algorithms and diverse techniques such as the Kalman filter, SPRT, CUSUM, fuzzy logic, and Blockchain, showing how they can be used to solve problems in the veracity domain. Using examples, the math behind the techniques is explained in easy-to-understand language.Determining the truth of big data in real-world applications involves using various tools to analyze the available information. This book delves into some of the techniques that can be used. Microblogging websites such as Twitterhave played a major role in public life, including during presidential elections. The book uses examples of microblogs posted on a particular topic to demonstrate how veracity can be examined and established. Some of the techniques are described in the context of detecting veiled attacks on microblogging websites to influence public opinion.What You'll LearnUnderstand the problem concerning data veracity and its ramificationsDevelop the mathematical foundation needed to help minimize the impact of the problem using easy-to-understand language and examplesUse diverse tools and techniques such as machine learning algorithms, Blockchain, and the Kalman filter to address veracity issuesWho This Book Is ForSoftware developers and practitioners, practicing engineers, curious managers, graduate students, and research scholars

This book provides the reader with a basic understanding of the formal concepts of the cluster, clustering, partition, cluster analysis etc. The book explains feature-based, graph-based and spectral clustering methods and discusses their formal similarities and differences. Understanding the related formal concepts is particularly vital in the epoch of Big Data; due to the volume and characteristics of the data, it is no longer feasible to predominantly rely on merely viewing the data when facing a clustering problem. Usually clustering involves choosing similar objects and grouping them together. To facilitate the choice of similarity measures for complex and big data, various measures of object similarity, based on quantitative (like numerical measurement results) and qualitative features (like text), as well as combinations of the two, are described, as well as graph-based similarity measures for (hyper) linked objects and measures for multilayered graphs. Numerous variants demonstrating how such similarity measures can be exploited when defining clustering cost functions are also presented. In addition, the book provides an overview of approaches to handling large collections of objects in a reasonable time. In particular, it addresses grid-based methods, sampling methods, parallelization via Map-Reduce, usage of tree-structures, random projections and various heuristic approaches, especially those used for community detection.

'This book does the impossible: it makes math fun and easy!'- Sander Rossel, COAS Software Systems Grokking Algorithms is a fully illustrated, friendly guide that teaches you how to apply common algorithms to the practical problems you face every day as a programmer. You'll start with sorting and searching and, as you build up your skills in thinking algorithmically, you'll tackle more complex concerns such as data compression and artificial intelligence. Each carefully presented example includes helpful diagrams and fully annotated code samples in Python. Learning about algorithms doesn't have to be boring! Get a sneak peek at the fun, illustrated, and friendly examples you'll find in Grokking Algorithms on Manning Publications'YouTube channel. Continue your journey into the world of algorithms with Algorithms in Motion, a practical, hands-on video course available exclusively at Manning.com (www.manning.com/livevideo/algorithms-?in-motion). Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the Technology An algorithm is nothing more than a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem. The algorithms you'll use most often as a programmer have already been discovered, tested, and proven. If you want to understand them but refuse to slog through dense multipage proofs, this is the book for you. This fully illustrated and engaging guide makes it easy to learn how to use the most important algorithms effectively in your own programs. About the Book Grokking Algorithms is a friendly take on this core computer science topic. In it, you'll learn how to apply common algorithms to the practical programming problems you face every day. You'll start with tasks like sorting and searching. As you build up your skills, you'll tackle more complex problems like data compression and artificial intelligence. Each carefully presented example includes helpful diagrams and fully annotated code samples in Python. By the end of this book, you will have mastered widely applicable algorithms as well as how and when to use them. What's Inside Covers search, sort, and graph algorithms Over 400 pictures with detailed walkthroughs Performance trade-offs between algorithms Python-based code samples About the Reader This easy-to-read, picture-heavy introduction is suitable for self-taught programmers, engineers, or anyone who wants to brush up on algorithms. About the Author Aditya Bhargava is a Software Engineer with a dual background in Computer Science and Fine Arts. He blogs on programming at adit.io. Table of Contents Introduction to algorithms Selection sort Recursion Quicksort Hash tables Breadth-first search Dijkstra's algorithm Greedy algorithms Dynamic programming K-nearest neighbors

This new book aims to provide both beginners and experts with a completely algorithmic approach to data analysis and conceptual modeling, database design, implementation, and tuning, starting from vague and incomplete customer requests and ending with IBM DB/2, Oracle, MySQL, MS SQL Server, or Access based software applications. A rich panoply of s

On the Web, a massive amount of user-generated content is available through various channels (e.g., texts, tweets, Web tables, databases, multimedia-sharing platforms, etc.). Conflicting information, rumors, erroneous and fake content can be easily spread across multiple sources, making it hard to distinguish between what is true and what is not. This book gives an overview of fundamental issues and recent contributions for ascertaining the veracity of data in the era of Big Data. The text is organized into six chapters, focusing on structured data extracted from texts. Chapter 1 introduces the problem of ascertaining the veracity of data in a multi-source and evolving context. Issues related to information extraction are presented in Chapter 2. Current truth discovery computation algorithms are presented in details in Chapter 3. It is followed by practical techniques for evaluating data source reputation and authoritativeness in Chapter 4. The theoretical foundations and various approaches for modeling diffusion phenomenon of misinformation spreading in networked systems are studied in Chapter 5. Finally, truth discovery computation from extracted data in a dynamic context of misinformation propagation raises interesting challenges that are explored in Chapter 6. This text is intended for a seminar course at the graduate level. It is also to serve as a useful resource for researchers and practitioners who are interested in the study of fact-checking, truth discovery, or rumor spreading.

The brief focuses on applying sublinear algorithms to manage critical big data challenges. The text offers an essential introduction to sublinear algorithms, explaining why they are vital to large scale data systems. It also demonstrates how to apply sublinear algorithms to three familiar big data applications: wireless sensor networks, big data processing in Map Reduce and smart grids. These applications present common experiences, bridging the theoretical advances of sublinear algorithms and the application domain. Sublinear Algorithms for Big Data Applications is suitable for researchers, engineers and graduate students in the computer science, communications and signal processing communities.

This textbook explains the concepts and techniques required to write programs that can handle large amounts of data efficiently. Project-oriented and classroom-tested, the book presents a number of important algorithms supported by examples that bring meaning to the problems faced by computer programmers. The idea of computational complexity is also introduced, demonstrating what can and cannot be computed efficiently so that the programmer can make informed judgements about the algorithms they use. Features: includes both introductory and advanced data structures and algorithms topics, with suggested chapter sequences for those respective courses provided in the preface; provides learning goals, review questions and programming exercises in each chapter, as well as numerous illustrative examples; offers downloadable programs and supplementary files at an associated website, with instructor materials available from the author; presents a primer on Python for those from a different language background.

Klaus Mainzer zeigt in diesem Buch, wie es bei dem Vorhaben, die Welt zu berechnen, zu einer Revolution der Denkart kam. Während Generationen von Mathematikern, Physikern und Philosophen auf der Suche nach der Weltformel mit Gleichungen arbeiteten und in den Kategorien von Ursache und Wirkung dachten, ist die «new science» dadurch charakterisiert, dass an die Stelle mathematischer Beweise und Theorien Computerexperimente und Algorithmen treten. «Korrelation» statt «Begründung», lautet die Devise des neuen Denkens. Die Korrelationen in Big Data sollen bislang verborgene Zusammenhänge aufdecken. Nach diesem Prinzip, schreibt das US-Magazin Time, will die 2013 von Google neu gegründete Medizinfirma Calico an der Lebensverlängerung des Menschen arbeiten, indem nicht die Ursachen von Alter und Krankheit untersucht, sondern Unmengen medizinischer Daten mit Algorithmen ausgewertet werden. Eine beispiellose Erfolgsgeschichte also? Mainzer stellt in diesem Buch die faszinierende neue Art der Wissensgewinnung vor, aber er macht auch die Gegenrechnung auf. Sein Buch ist ein Plädoyer für die Besinnung auf die Grundlagen, Theorien, Gesetze und die Geschichte, die zu der Welt führen, in der wir heute leben.

This Springer Brief presents a basic algorithm that provides a correct solution to finding an optimal state change attempt, as well as an enhanced algorithm that is built on top of the well-known trie data structure. It explores correctness and algorithmic complexity results for both algorithms and experiments comparing their performance on both real-world and synthetic data. Topics addressed include optimal state change attempts, state change effectiveness, different kind of effect estimators, planning under uncertainty and experimental evaluation. These topics will help researchers analyze tabular data, even if the data contains states (of the world) and events (taken by an agent) whose effects are not well understood. Event DBs are omnipresent in the social sciences and may include diverse scenarios from political events and the state of a country to education-related actions and their effects on a school system. With a wide range of applications in computer science and the social sciences, the information in this Springer Brief is valuable for professionals and researchers dealing with tabular data, artificial intelligence and data mining. The applications are also useful for advanced-level students of computer science.

All young computer scientists who aspire to write programs must learn something about algorithms and data structures. This book does exactly that. Based on lecture courses developed by the author over a number of years the book is written in an informal and friendly way specifically to appeal to students. The book is divided into four parts: the first on Data Structures introduces a variety of structures and the fundamental operations associated with them, together with descriptions of how they are implemented in Pascal; the second discusses algorithms and the notion of complexity; Part III is concerned with the description of successively more elaborate structures for the storage of records and algorithms for retrieving a record from such a structure by means of its key; and finally, Part IV consists of very full solutions to nearly all the exercises in the book.

Chapter 1 - Dependency Graph and Data Dependency Chapter 2 - Circular Dependency Chapter 3 - Topological Sorting Chapter 4 - Directed Acyclic Graph Chapter 5 - Spreadsheet Chapter 6 - Binary Relation Chapter 7 - Graph (Mathematics) Chapter 8 - Real Number Chapter 9 - Partially Ordered Set Chapter 10 - Integer Chapter 11 - Set (Mathematics) Chapter 12 - Total Order

Machine Vision Algorithms in Java provides a comprehensive introduction to the algorithms and techniques associated with machine vision systems. The Java programming language is also introduced, with particular reference to its imaging capabilities. The book contains explanations of key machine vision techniques and algorithms, along with the associated Java source code.Special features include: - A complete self-contained treatment of the topics and techniques essential to the understanding and implementation of machine vision.- An introduction to object-oriented programming and to the Java programming language, with particular reference to its imaging capabilities.- Java source code for a wide range of practical image processing and analysis functions.- Readers will be given the opportunity to download a fully functional Java-based visual programming environment for machine vision, available via the WWW. This contains over 200 image processing, manipulation and analysis functions and will enable users to implement many of the ideas covered in this book. - Details relating to the design of a Java-based visual programming environment for machine vision.- An introduction to the Java 2D imaging and Java Advanced Imaging (JAI) APIs- A wide range of illustrative examples.- Practical treatment of the subject matter. This book is aimed at senior undergraduate and postgraduate students in engineering and computer science as well as practitioners in machine vision who may wish to update or expand their knowledge of the subject. The techniques and algorithms of machine vision are expounded in a way that will be understood not only by specialists but also by those who are less familiar with the topic.

Nowadays, textual databases are among the most rapidly growing collections of data. Some of these collections contain a new type of data that differs from classical numerical or textual data. These are long sequences of symbols, not divided into well-separated small tokens (words). The most prominent among such collections are databases of biological sequences, which are experiencing today an unprecedented growth rate. Starting in 2008, the'1000 Genomes Project'has been launched with the ultimate goal of collecting sequences of additional 1,500 Human genomes, 500 each of European, African, and East Asian origin. This will produce an extensive catalog of Human genetic variations. The size of just the raw sequences in this catalog would be about 5 terabytes. Querying strings without well-separated tokens poses a different set of challenges, typically addressed by building full-text indexes, which provide effective structures to index all the substrings of the given strings. Since full-text indexes occupy more space than the raw data, it is often necessary to use disk space for their construction. However, until recently, the construction of full-text indexes in secondary storage was considered impractical due to excessive I/O costs. Despite this, algorithms developed in the last decade demonstrated that efficient external construction of full-text indexes is indeed possible. This book is about large-scale construction and usage of full-text indexes. We focus mainly on suffix trees, and show efficient algorithms that can convert suffix trees to other kinds of full-text indexes and vice versa. There are four parts in this book. They are a mix of string searching theory with the reality of external memory constraints. The first part introduces general concepts of full-text indexes and shows the relationships between them. The second part presents the first series of external-memory construction algorithms that can handle the construction of full-text indexes for moderately large strings in the order of few gigabytes. The third part presents algorithms that scale for very large strings. The final part examines queries that can be facilitated by disk-resident full-text indexes. Table of Contents: Structures for Indexing Substrings / External Construction of Suffix Trees / Scaling Up: When the Input Exceeds the Main Memory / Queries for Disk-based Indexes / Conclusions and Open Problems

For several years now I have been teaching courses in computer algebra at the Universitat Linz, the University of Delaware, and the Universidad de Alcala de Henares. In the summers of 1990 and 1992 I have organized and taught summer schools in computer algebra at the Universitat Linz. Gradually a set of course notes has emerged from these activities. People have asked me for copies of the course notes, and different versions of them have been circulating for a few years. Finally I decided that I should really take the time to write the material up in a coherent way and make a book out of it. Here, now, is the result of this work. Over the years many students have been helpful in improving the quality of the notes, and also several colleagues at Linz and elsewhere have contributed to it. I want to thank them all for their effort, in particular I want to thank B. Buchberger, who taught me the theory of Grabner bases nearly two decades ago, B. F. Caviness and B. D. Saunders, who first stimulated my interest in various problems in computer algebra, G. E. Collins, who showed me how to compute in algebraic domains, and J. R. Sendra, with whom I started to apply computer algebra methods to problems in algebraic geometry. Several colleagues have suggested improvements in earlier versions of this book. However, I want to make it clear that I am responsible for all remaining mistakes.

Data mining includes a wide range of activities such as classification, clustering, similarity analysis, summarization, association rule and sequential pattern discovery, and so forth. The book focuses on the last two previously listed activities. It provides a unified presentation of algorithms for association rule and sequential pattern discovery. For both mining problems, the presentation relies on the lattice structure of the search space. All algorithms are built as processes running on this structure. Proving their properties takes advantage of the mathematical properties of the structure. Part of the motivation for writing this book was postgraduate teaching. One of the main intentions was to make the book a suitable support for the clear exposition of problems and algorithms as well as a sound base for further discussion and investigation. Since the book only assumes elementary mathematical knowledge in the domains of lattices, combinatorial optimization, probability calculus, and statistics, it is fit for use by undergraduate students as well. The algorithms are described in a C-like pseudo programming language. The computations are shown in great detail. This makes the book also fit for use by implementers: computer scientists in many domains as well as industry engineers.

This textbook provides an in depth course on data structures in the context of object oriented development. Its main themes are abstraction, implementation, encapsulation, and measurement: that is, that the software process begins with abstraction of data types, which then lead to alternate representations and encapsulation, and finally to resource measurement. A clear object oriented approach, making use of Booch components, will provide readers with a useful library of data structure components and experience in software reuse. Students using this book are expected to have a reasonable understanding of the basic logical structures such as stacks and queues. Throughout, Ada 95 is used and the author takes full advantage of Ada's encapsulation features and the ability to present specifications without implementational details. Ada code is supported by two suites available over the World Wide Web.

In computer science, a search algorithm, is an algorithm for finding an item with specified properties among a collection of items. The items may be stored individually as records in a database; or may be elements of a search space defined by a mathematical formula or procedure, such as the roots of an equation with integer variables; or a combination of the two, such as the Hamiltonian circuits of a graph. This book presents research data in the study of computer search algorithms, including live soft-matter quantum computing; heuristic searches applied to the resolution of a relevant optimization problem from the telecommunications domain; the emergence and advances of quantum search algorithms; an equilibrium network design problem for road traffic network; artificial neural networks; and evolutionary algorithms based on the concept of stochastic schemata exploiter.

Data mining is a very active research area with many successful real-world app- cations. It consists of a set of concepts and methods used to extract interesting or useful knowledge (or patterns) from real-world datasets, providing valuable support for decision making in industry, business, government, and science. Although there are already many types of data mining algorithms available in the literature, it is still dif cult for users to choose the best possible data mining algorithm for their particular data mining problem. In addition, data mining al- rithms have been manually designed; therefore they incorporate human biases and preferences. This book proposes a new approach to the design of data mining algorithms. - stead of relying on the slow and ad hoc process of manual algorithm design, this book proposes systematically automating the design of data mining algorithms with an evolutionary computation approach. More precisely, we propose a genetic p- gramming system (a type of evolutionary computation method that evolves c- puter programs) to automate the design of rule induction algorithms, a type of cl- si cation method that discovers a set of classi cation rules from data. We focus on genetic programming in this book because it is the paradigmatic type of machine learning method for automating the generation of programs and because it has the advantage of performing a global search in the space of candidate solutions (data mining algorithms in our case), but in principle other types of search methods for this task could be investigated in the future.

The first book to offer a comprehensive view of the LLL algorithm, this text surveys computational aspects of Euclidean lattices and their main applications. It includes many detailed motivations, explanations and examples.

A Concise and Practical Introduction to Programming Algorithms in Java has two main goals. The first is for novice programmers to learn progressively the basic concepts underlying most imperative programming languages using Java. The second goal is to introduce new programmers to the very basic principles of thinking the algorithmic way and turning the algorithms into programs using the programming concepts of Java. The book is divided into two parts and includes: The fundamental notions of variables, expressions and assignments with type checking - Conditional and loop statements - Explanation of the concepts of functions with pass-by-value arguments and recursion - Fundamental sequential and bisection search techniques - Basic iterative and recursive sorting algorithms. Each chapter of the book concludes with a set of exercises to enable students to practice concepts covered.

Data Streams: Models and Algorithms primarily discusses issues related to the mining aspects of data streams. Recent progress in hardware technology makes it possible for organizations to store and record large streams of transactional data. For example, even simple daily transactions such as using the credit card or phone result in automated data storage, which brings us to a fairly new topic called data streams. This volume covers mining aspects of data streams comprehensively: each contributed chapter contains a survey on the topic, the key ideas in the field for that particular topic, and future research directions. Data Streams: Models and Algorithms is intended for a professional audience composed of researchers and practitioners in industry. This book is also appropriate for advanced-level students in computer science.

Highperformancecomputinghaschangedthewayinwhichscienceprogresses. During the last 20 years the increase in computing power, the development of e?ective algorithms, and the application of these tools in the area of physics and engineering has been decisive in the advancement of our technological world. These abilities have allowed to treat problems with a complexity which had been out of reach for analytical approaches. While the increase in perf- mance of single processes has been immense the increase of massive parallel computing as well as the advent of clustercomputershas opened up the pos- bilities to study realistic systems. This book presents major advances in high performance computing as well as major advances due to high performance computing. The progress made during the last decade rests on the achie- ments in three distinct science areas. Openandpressingproblemsinphysicsandmechanicalengineeringarethe drivingforcebehindthedevelopmentofnewtoolsandnewapproachesinthese science areas. The treatment of complex physical systems with frustration and disorder, the analysis of the elastic and non-elastic movement of solids as well as the analysis of coupled?uid systems, pose problems which are open to a numerical analysis only with state of the art computing power and algorithms. The desire of scienti?c accuracy and quantitative precision leads to an enormous demand in computing power. Asking the right questions in these areas lead to new insights which have not been available due to other means like experimental measurements. Thesecondareawhichisdecisivefore?ectivehighperformancecomputing is a realm of e?ective algorithms.

The area of similarity searching is a very hot topic for both research and c- mercial applications. Current data processing applications use data with c- siderably less structure and much less precise queries than traditional database systems. Examples are multimedia data like images or videos that offer query by example search, product catalogs that provide users with preference based search, scientific data records from observations or experimental analyses such as biochemical and medical data, or XML documents that come from hetero- neous data sources on the Web or in intranets and thus does not exhibit a global schema. Such data can neither be ordered in a canonical manner nor meani- fully searched by precise database queries that would return exact matches. This novel situation is what has given rise to similarity searching, also - ferred to as content based or similarity retrieval. The most general approach to similarity search, still allowing construction of index structures, is modeled in metric space. In this book. Prof. Zezula and his co authors provide the first monograph on this topic, describing its theoretical background as well as the practical search tools of this innovative technology.

Data mining technology is growing rapidly and, in many industries, has become commonplace. The main reasons for this are advances in computer technology that acquire, store and retrieve enormous amounts of data about everything from everywhere. In 2000, Microsoft introduced a data mining feature in their Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Analysis Services. This book covers all the practicalities required to integrate a third-party data mining algorithm into SQL Server 2000. This book is designed for use by data mining researchers and information technology workers. It will also be an ideal text for IT master and doctorate courses.

In many applications, e.g., bioinformatics, web access traces, system u- lization logs, etc., the data is naturally in the form of sequences. It has been of great interests to analyze the sequential data to find their inherent char- teristics. The sequential pattern is one of the most widely studied models to capture such characteristics. Examples of sequential patterns include but are not limited to protein sequence motifs and web page navigation traces. In this book, we focus on sequential pattern mining. To meet different needs of various applications, several models of sequential patterns have been proposed. We do not only study the mathematical definitions and application domains of these models, but also the algorithms on how to effectively and efficiently find these patterns. The objective of this book is to provide computer scientists and domain - perts such as life scientists with a set of tools in analyzing and understanding the nature of various sequences by : (1) identifying the specific model(s) of - quential patterns that are most suitable, and (2) providing an efficient algorithm for mining these patterns. Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Data Mining is the process of extracting implicit knowledge and discovery of interesting characteristics and patterns that are not explicitly represented in the databases. The techniques can play an important role in understanding data and in capturing intrinsic relationships among data instances. Data mining has been an active research area in the past decade and has been proved to be very useful.

In 1995 the Handbook of Global Optimization (first volume), edited by R. Horst, and P.M. Pardalos, was published. This second volume of the Handbook of Global Optimization is comprised of chapters dealing with modern approaches to global optimization, including different types of heuristics. Topics covered in the handbook include various metaheuristics, such as simulated annealing, genetic algorithms, neural networks, taboo search, shake-and-bake methods, and deformation methods. In addition, the book contains chapters on new exact stochastic and deterministic approaches to continuous and mixed-integer global optimization, such as stochastic adaptive search, two-phase methods, branch-and-bound methods with new relaxation and branching strategies, algorithms based on local optimization, and dynamical search. Finally, the book contains chapters on experimental analysis of algorithms and software, test problems, and applications.

In Distributed Algorithms, Nancy Lynch provides a blueprint for designing, implementing, and analyzing distributed algorithms. She directs her book at a wide audience, including students, programmers, system designers, and researchers. Distributed Algorithms contains the most significant algorithms and impossibility results in the area, all in a simple automata-theoretic setting. The algorithms are proved correct, and their complexity is analyzed according to precisely defined complexity measures. The problems covered include resource allocation, communication, consensus among distributed processes, data consistency, deadlock detection, leader election, global snapshots, and many others. The material is organized according to the system model—first by the timing model and then by the interprocess communication mechanism. The material on system models is isolated in separate chapters for easy reference. The presentation is completely rigorous, yet is intuitive enough for immediate comprehension. This book familiarizes readers with important problems, algorithms, and impossibility results in the area: readers can then recognize the problems when they arise in practice, apply the algorithms to solve them, and use the impossibility results to determine whether problems are unsolvable. The book also provides readers with the basic mathematical tools for designing new algorithms and proving new impossibility results. In addition, it teaches readers how to reason carefully about distributed algorithms—to model them formally, devise precise specifications for their required behavior, prove their correctness, and evaluate their performance with realistic measures.