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This book presents results from applying Reflective Boundary Conditions (RBC) in particle simulations coupled with the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method in two- and three-dimensional domains. The contribution of this work lies in the presentation of the state of the art regarding the application of physical and realistic boundary conditions in the continuum domain, which is an advance in the artificial computational boundary treatment carried out in most SPH simulations. By reading this work, researchers from different fields dealing with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) will be aware of the most recent results of applying the SPH method coupled with RBC, confirming its scientific validity and encouraging its implementation in other problems. This multidisciplinary work is aimed at undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, software developers, and other engineering, physics, chemistry, mathematics, and related sciences professionals.

This Festschrift is dedicated to Professor Dr.-Ing. habil. Peter Wriggers on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Thanks to his high dedication to research, over the years Peter Wriggers has built an international network with renowned experts in the field of computational mechanics. This is proven by the large number of contributions from friends and collaborators as well as former PhD students from all over the world. The diversity of Peter Wriggers network is mirrored by the range of topics that are covered by this book. To name only a few, these include contact mechanics, finite & virtual element technologies, micromechanics, multiscale approaches, fracture mechanics, isogeometric analysis, stochastic methods, meshfree and particle methods. Applications of numerical simulation to specific problems, e.g. Biomechanics and Additive Manufacturing is also covered. The volume intends to present an overview of the state of the art and current trends in computational mechanics for academia and industry.

Since the creation of the term'Scientific Computing'and of its German counterpart'Wissenschaftliches Rechnen'(whoever has to be blamed for that), scientists from outside the field have been confused about the some­ what strange distinction between scientific and non-scientific computations. And the insiders, i. e. those who are, at least, convinced of always comput­ ing in a very scientific way, are far from being happy with this summary of their daily work, even if further characterizations like'High Performance'or'Engineering'try to make things clearer - usually with very modest suc­ cess, however. Moreover, to increase the unfortunate confusion of terms, who knows the differences between'Computational Science and Engineering', as indicated in the title of the series these proceedings were given the honour to be published in, and'Scientific and Engineering Computing', as chosen for the title of our book? Actually, though the protagonists of scientific com­ puting persist in its independence as a scientific discipline (and rightly so, of course), the ideas behind the term diverge wildly. Consequently, the variety of answers one can get to the question'What is scientific computing?'is really impressive and ranges from the (serious)'nothing else but numerical analysis'up to the more mocking'consuming as much CPU-time as possible on the most powerful number crunchers accessible'.

The International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics is held every two years and brings together physicists, mathematicians and engineers to review and share recent advances in mathematical and computational techniques for modeling fluid flow. The proceedings of the 2010 conference (ICCFD6) held in St Petersburg, Russia, contain a selection of refereed contributions and are meant to serve as a source of reference for all those interested in the state of the art in computational fluid dynamics.

There is currently ever pressing need to provide a critical assessment of the current knowledge and indicate new challenges which are brought by the present time in fighting the man-made and natural hazards in transient analysis of structures. The latter concerns both the permanently fixed structures, such as those built to protect the people and/or sensitive storage material (e. g. military installations) or the special structures found in transportation systems (e. g. bridges, tunnels), and the moving structures (such as trains, plains, ships or cars). The present threat of the terrorist attacks or accidental explosions, the climate change which brings strong stormy winds or yet the destructive earthquake motion that occurs in previously inactive regions or brings about tsunamis, are a few examples of the kind of applications we seek to address in this work. The common ground for all the problems of this kind from the viewpoint of structural integrity, which also justifies putting them on the same basis and addressing them within the same context, is their sudden appearance, their transient nature and the need to evaluate the consequence for a high level of uncertainty in quantifying the cause. The problems of such diversity cannot be placed within a single traditional scientific discipline, but they call for the expertise in probability theory for quantifying the cause, interaction problems for better understanding the physical nature of the problems, as well as modeling and computational techniques for improving the representation of inelastic behavior mechanisms and providing the optimal design.

The mechanics of biological tissues is a multidisciplinary and rapidly expanding area of research. This book highlights some important research directions that combine mechanical sciences with exciting new developments in biology. It includes state-of-the-art articles on: Tissue growth and remodelling – general continuum theories of growth, remodelling and adaptation, with specific applications to arterial, tendon and cartilage growth and to bone healing. Micromechanics, cells and matrix – measurements of the mechanical properties of cells, engineering of cell systems, constitutive and computational modelling of cells and cell-substrate interactions, and the transition from microscopic modelling to its macroscopic consequences. Arteries in health and disease – analysis of residual stress and its development, modelling the constitutive properties of arterial walls, computational analysis of the effect of stenting on the arterial wall, studies of collagen fibre distributions in saccular aneurysms and the interaction between blood flow and aneurysm development. Biological tissues – the musculo-skeletal system, heart valves, ligaments, intervertebral discs, the uterus and vocal fold tissues, with experimental, modelling and computational perspectives. Image-based analysis – illustration of imaging techniques that have great potential for the analysis of tissue properties and pathologies and for guiding the design of engineered tissue constructs. This collection of papers should be of interest to theoretical, computational and experimental researchers and doctoral students in the area of biomechanics and in related areas of engineering, biology and medicine.

This book details a systematic characteristics-based finite element procedure to investigate incompressible, free-surface and compressible flows. Several sections derive the Fluid Dynamics equations from thermo-mechanics principles and develop this multi-dimensional and infinite-directional upstream procedure by combining a finite element discretization with an implicit non-linearly stable Runge-Kutta time integration for the numerical solution of the Euler and Navier Stokes equations. Based on the mathematics and physics of multi-dimensional characteristics, convection as well as acoustics, and inducing by design a controllable multi-dimensional upwind bias that can be locally optimized, the procedure crisply captures contact discontinuities, normal as well as oblique shocks, and generates essentially non-oscillatory solutions for incompressible, subsonic, transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic inviscid and viscous flows with chemical reactions and work, heat and mass transfer.

'Euro-Par 2005 was the eleventh conference in the Euro-Par series. It was organized by the Centre for Informatics and Information Technology (CITI) and the Department of Informatics of the Faculty of Science and Technology of Universidade Nova de Lisboa, at the Campus of Monte de Caparica.'

High Performance Computing Systems and Applications contains the fully refereed papers from the 13th Annual Symposium on High Performance Computing, held in Kingston, Canada, in June 1999. This book presents the latest research in HPC architectures, distributed and shared memory performance, algorithms and solvers, with special sessions on atmospheric science, computational chemistry and physics. High Performance Computing Systems and Applications is suitable as a secondary text for graduate level courses, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.