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This book presents the modern technological advancements and revolutions in the biomedical sector. Progress in the contemporary sensing, Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning algorithms and architectures have introduced new approaches in the mobile healthcare. A continuous observation of patients with critical health situation is required. It allows monitoring of their health status during daily life activities such as during sports, walking and sleeping. It is realizable by intelligently hybridizing the modern IoT framework, wireless biomedical implants and cloud computing. Such solutions are currently under development and in testing phases by healthcare and governmental institutions, research laboratories and biomedical companies. The biomedical signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), Electromyography (EMG), phonocardiogram (PCG), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary (COP), Electrooculography (EoG), photoplethysmography (PPG), and image modalitiessuch as positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT) are non-invasively acquired, measured, and processed via the biomedical sensors and gadgets. These signals and images represent the activities and conditions of human cardiovascular, neural, vision and cerebral systems. Multi-channel sensing of these signals and images with an appropriate granularity is required for an effective monitoring and diagnosis. It renders a big volume of data and its analysis is not feasible manually. Therefore, automated healthcare systems are in the process of evolution. These systems are mainly based on biomedical signal and image acquisition and sensing, preconditioning, features extraction and classification stages. The contemporary biomedical signal sensing, preconditioning, features extraction and intelligent machine and deep learning-based classification algorithms are described. Each chapter starts with the importance, problemstatement and motivation. A self-sufficient description is provided. Therefore, each chapter can be read independently. To the best of the editors'knowledge, this book is a comprehensive compilation on advances in non-invasive biomedical signal sensing and processing with machine and deep learning. We believe that theories, algorithms, realizations, applications, approaches, and challenges, which are presented in this book will have their impact and contribution in the design and development of modern and effective healthcare systems.

Advances in research have led to the use of robotics in a range of surgical applications. Medical robotics: Minimally invasive surgery provides authoritative coverage of the core principles, applications and future potential of this enabling technology.Beginning with an introduction to robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (MIS), the core technologies of the field are discussed, including localization and tracking technologies for medical robotics. Key applications of robotics in laparoscopy, neurology, cardiovascular interventions, urology and orthopaedics are considered, as well as applications for ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery, vitreoretinal surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). Microscale mobile robots for the circulatory system and mesoscale robots for the gastrointestinal tract are investigated, as is MRI-based navigation for in vivo magnetic microrobots. Finally, the book concludes with a discussion of ethical issues related to the use of robotics in surgery.With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Medical robotics: Minimally invasive surgery is a comprehensive guide for all those working in the research, design, development and application of medical robotics for surgery. It also provides an authoritative introduction for academics and medical practitioners working in this field. - Provides authoritative coverage of the core principles, applications and future potential of medical robotics - Introduces robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (MIS), including the core technologies of the field and localization and tracking technologies for medical robotics - Considers key applications of robotics in laparoscopy, neurology, cardiovascular interventions, urology and orthopaedics

This book presents a comprehensive forensic analysis of an oil painting depicting a Madonna and Child in a tondo format, previously thought to be a Victorian copy. Detailed historical and scientific studies confirm that this painting was, in fact, created by Raphael around 1512 as a study for his renowned Sistine Madonna, commissioned by Pope Julius II as an altarpiece for the monastic church of San Sisto in Piacenza. The painting underwent rigorous forensic examination, combining historical research with both invasive and non-invasive scientific imaging techniques. The analysis utilized advanced physical and chemical instrumentation to determine the painting's authenticity and accurate chronological placement. A comparative review of published chemical analyses of pigments, dyes, and substrates used in Raphael's works from collections worldwide is included. Additionally, this study explores the innovative use of artificial intelligence (AI) for facial comparison between the figures in the tondo painting, the Sistine Madonna, and other Raphael artworks. These AI-generated insights provide novel information about the identities of Raphael's models and shed light on his working techniques, as well as those of his associates.

Diagnostic Biomedical Signal and Image Processing Applications with Deep Learning Methods presents comprehensive research on both medical imaging and medical signals analysis. The book discusses classification, segmentation, detection, tracking and retrieval applications of non-invasive methods such as EEG, ECG, EMG, MRI, fMRI, CT and X-RAY, amongst others. These image and signal modalities include real challenges that are the main themes that medical imaging and medical signal processing researchers focus on today. The book also emphasizes removing noise and specifying dataset key properties, with each chapter containing details of one of the medical imaging or medical signal modalities. Focusing on solving real medical problems using new deep learning and CNN approaches, this book will appeal to research scholars, graduate students, faculty members, R&D engineers, and biomedical engineers who want to learn how medical signals and images play an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. - Investigates novel concepts of deep learning for acquisition of non-invasive biomedical image and signal modalities for different disorders - Explores the implementation of novel deep learning and CNN methodologies and their impact studies that have been tested on different medical case studies - Presents end-to-end CNN architectures for automatic detection of situations where early diagnosis is important - Includes novel methodologies, datasets, design and simulation examples

This book covers the medical condition of diabetic patients, their early symptoms and methods conventionally used for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes. It describes various techniques and technologies used for diabetes detection. The content is built upon moving from regressive technology (invasive) and adapting new-age pain-free technologies (non-invasive), machine learning and artificial intelligence for diabetes monitoring and management. This book details all the popular technologies used in the health care and medical fields for diabetic patients. An entire chapter is dedicated to how the future of this field will be shaping up and the challenges remaining to be conquered. Finally, it shows artificial intelligence and predictions, which can be beneficial for the early detection, dose monitoring and surveillance for patients suffering from diabetes

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art of practical applications of neuroprosthesis based on functional electrical stimulation for restoration of motor functions lost by spinal cord injury and discusses the use of brain-computer interfaces for their control.The book covers numerous topics starting with basics about spinal cord injury, electrical stimulation, electrical brain signals and brain-computer interfaces. It continues with an overview of neuroprosthetic solutions for different purposes and non-invasive and invasive brain-computer interface implementations and presents clinical use cases and practical applications of BCIs. Finally, the authors give an outlook on cutting edge research with a high potential for clinical translation in the near future.All authors committed themselves to use easy-to-understand language and to avoid very specific information, focusing instead on the essential aspects. This makes this bookan ideal choice not only for researchers and clinicians at all stages of their education interested in the topic of brain-computer interface-controlled neuroprostheses, but also for end users and their caregivers who want to inform themselves about the current technological possibilities to improve paralyzed motor functions.

This book provides a practically applicable guide to the latest applications of telemedicine, imaging technology and artificial intelligence (AI) in dermatology. It introduces these subjects in a clear easy-to follow format ideal for those learning about using technology in modern dermatologic practice. Overviews of the current applications are provided along with detailed discussion of their potential future uses and drawbacks. Emphasis is placed on providing insight into the latest diagnostic non-invasive imaging alternatives to skin biopsy, such as high-resolution ultrasonography, and how AI can enable rapid diagnosis of skin cancer along with its impact in dermatopathology. Telemedicine and Technological Advances in Dermatology reviews the fundamental aspects of telemedicine and how AI is impacting diagnostic and treatment methods in the field. With detailed information on how to apply the latest imaging techniques provided, this book is essential reading for all dermatologists and healthcare professionals who manage diseases of the skin, while providing insights to informaticians and data scientists on applying these technologies to the skin.

Affective computing is the study and development of systems and devices that can recognise human emotions. This can be done using sensing technologies and AI algorithms to process biological signals or facial images to identify the different affective states, such as happiness, anger, fear, surprise, sadness and disgust. This non-invasive technique has applications in healthcare such as emotional impairment detection, mental health assessment, emotional stress assessment, cognitive decline detection, attention deficit disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, neurological disorders, autism spectrum disorder, stress, anxiety or other behavioural assessment.

The book'Digital Transformation in Healthcare 5.0: Metaverse, Nanorobots, and Machine Learning'is a comprehensive discussion of disruptive technologies and their applications in healthcare. The book starts with an overview of blockchain technology's impact on the healthcare sector, emphasizing its potential to improve data security and interoperability. The book also discusses the Metaverse's role in healthcare transformation, utilizing a blockchain method to improve patient care and medical practices. The book also　focuses on the interrelationships of Blockchain-Enabled Metaverse Healthcare Systems and Applications, highlighting innovative strategies.　It also introduces an Intraocular Pressure Monitoring System for Glaucoma Patients, demonstrating the integration of IoT and Machine Learning for improved care. The book winds up with a Machine Learning Approach to Voice Analysis in Parkinson's disease Diagnosis, demonstrating the potential of voice analysis as a non-invasive diagnostic tool.

The recent explosion of technology in healthcare has rapidly changed the healthcare sector. Technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning along with the integration of the Internet of Medical Things have evolved to tackle the need for remote healthcare systems, augmenting them in a self-sustainable way. This new volume explores the many important smart technologies that can make healthcare delivery and monitoring faster, more efficient, and less invasive. It looks at computational tactics as applied to the development of biomedical applications using artificial intelligence, machine learning, signal analysis, computer-aided design, robotics and automation, biomedical imaging, telemedicine, and other technologies. The book provides a solid framework to give the modern class of medical gearheads information on the innovative applications of computational mechanisms for improving and expediting patient-friendly automation in healthcare.

This book highlights the principles, design and characterization of mechanically compliant soft and foldable robots. Traditional rigid robots with bulky footprints and complicated components prolong the design iteration and optimization for keyhole and minimally invasive transluminal applications. Therefore, there is an interest in developing soft and foldable robots with remote actuation, multimodal sensing and machine intelligence. This book discusses the use of foldable and cuttable structures to design biomimetic deployable soft robots, that can exhibit a fair number of motions with consistency and repeatability. It presents the overall design principles, methodology, instrumentation, metamorphic sensing, multi-modal perception, and machine intelligence for creating untethered foldable active structures. These robotic structures can generate a variety of motions such as wave induction, compression, inchworm, peristalsis, flipping, tumbling, walking, swimming, flexion/extension etc.Remote actuation can control motions along regular and irregular surfaces from proximal sides. For self-deployable medical robots, motion diversity and shape reconfiguration are crucial factors. Deployable robots, with the use of malleable and resilient smart actuators, hold this crucial advantage over their conventional rigid robot counterparts. Such flexible structures capable of being compressed and expanded with intelligence perceptions hold enormous potential in biomedical applications.

The BCI technology finds newer and newer implementations. Year by year, the number of publications in this field grows exponentially. This book attempts to describe the implementation of the brain-computer technology based on both STM32 and Arduino microcontrollers. In addition, the application of BCI technology in the field of intelligent houses, robotic lines as well as in the field of bionic prostheses was presented. One of the chapters of the monograph also discusses the issue of fMRI in the context of the possibility of analyzing images made as part of fMRI through solutions based on machine learning. A practical implementation of the TensorFlow framework was presented. The fMRI technique is also often implemented in BCI solutions. The conducted literature studies show that the technology of BCI is undoubtedly a technology of the future. However, there is a need for continuous development of biomedical signal processing methods in order to obtain the most efficient implementationsin the case of non-invasive implementation of BCI technology based on EEG. The further development of BCI technology has a huge impact on the techniques of rehabilitation of people with disabilities. Nowadays, wheelchairs are being constructed, thanks to which a disabled person is physically able to direct his position in a certain direction and at a certain speed. Thanks to BCI, it is also possible to create an individual speech synthesizer, with the help of which a paralyzed person will be able to communicate with the outside world. New limb prostheses that will replace the lost locomotor system in almost one hundred percent are still being developed. Some prostheses are connected to the human nervous system, thanks to which they are able to send feedback to our brain about the shape, hardness and temperature of the object held in the artificial limb.

This book aims to stay one step beyond the innovations of information and communication technologies and smart healthcare management and provides an overview of the risks smart healthcare management could help to alleviate, and those risks it would create or amplify. Inclusive discussions of the core of smart healthcare services in the perspective of system engineering are enclosed, such as smart healthcare definition, data information knowledge service, and intelligent hospital management. Summaries of technological and theoretical innovations spanning each step of the modern healthcare system are included, from health screening, clinical diagnosis, cancer screening, to in-hospital mortality monitoring, minimally invasive surgeries, and medical data storages. Analytics of risks reduced and induced by these innovations are provided, with potential solutions to such risks in healthcare management discussed. This book seeks to provide demonstrative examples of incidence capable innovations of healthcare technologies, which, while greatly enhancing abilities of healthcare workers and institutions, could pose risks to patients and sometimes even greater threats to the integrity of the healthcare system. The style of the book is intended to be demonstrative but most suited for researchers and graduate students, explaining the methodology behind healthcare innovations, with some citations and some deep scholarly reference.

What is artificial intelligence (AI)? What is healthcare robotics? How can AI and healthcare robotics assist in contemporary medicine? Robotics and AI can offer society unimaginable benefits, such as enabling wheelchair users to walk again, performing surgery in a highly automated and minimally invasive way, and delivering care more efficiently. AI for Healthcare Robotics explains what healthcare robots are and how AI empowers them in achieving the goals of contemporary medicine.

This book presents a multi-disciplinary view of all aspects of rehabilitation robotics and non-invasive surgery, ideal for anyone new to the field. It includes perspectives from both engineers and clinicians. For skilled researchers and clinicians, it also summarizes current robot technologies and their application to various pathologies. The book will help the readers to develop the know-how and expertise necessary to guide those seeking a comprehensive understanding of this topic through their use of several commercial devices for robotic rehabilitation. The book targets the implementation of efficient robot strategies to facilitate the re-acquisition of motor skills. This technology incorporates the outcomes of behavioral studies on motor learning and its neural correlates into the design, implementation, and validation of robot agents that behave as optimal trainers, efficiently exploiting the structure and plasticity of the human sensorimotor systems.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of security issues in Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs), by analyzing the issues and vulnerabilities in CPSs and examining state of the art security measures. Furthermore, this book proposes various defense strategies including intelligent attack and anomaly detection algorithms.Today's technology is continually evolving towards interconnectivity among devices. This interconnectivity phenomenon is often referred to as Internet of Things (IoT). IoT technology is used to enhance the performance of systems in many applications. This integration of physical and cyber components within a system is associated with many benefits; these systems are often referred to as Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs).The CPSs and IoT technologies are used in many industries critical to our daily lives. CPSs have the potential to reduce costs, enhance mobility and independence of patients, and reach the body using minimally invasive techniques. Although this interconnectivity of devices can pave the road for immense advancement in technology and automation, the integration of network components into any system increases its vulnerability to cyber threats. Using internet networks to connect devices together creates access points for adversaries. Considering the critical applications of some of these devices, adversaries have the potential of exploiting sensitive data and interrupting the functionality of critical infrastructure.Practitioners working in system security, cyber security & security and privacy will find this book valuable as a reference. Researchers and scientists concentrating on computer systems, large-scale complex systems, and artificial intelligence will also find this book useful as a reference.

This publication highlights the fast-moving technological advancement and infiltration of Artificial Intelligence into society. Concepts of evolution of society through interconnectivity are explored, together with how the fusion of human and technological interaction leading to Augmented Humanity is fast becoming more than just an endemic phase, but a cultural phase shift to digital societies. It aims to balance both the positive progressive outlooks such developments bring with potential issues that may stem from innovation of this kind, such as the invasive procedures of bio hacking or ethical connotations concerning the usage of digital twins. This publication will also give the reader a good level of understanding on fundamental cyber defence principles, interactions with Critical National Infrastructure (CNI) and the Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C3I) decision-making framework. A detailed view of the cyber-attack landscape will be garnered; touching on thetactics, techniques and procedures used, red and blue teaming initiatives, cyber resilience and the protection of larger scale systems. The integration of AI, smart societies, the human-centric approach and Augmented Humanity is discernible in the exponential growth, collection and use of [big] data; concepts woven throughout the diversity of topics covered in this publication; which also discusses the privacy and transparency of data ownership, and the potential dangers of exploitation through social media. As humans are become ever more interconnected, with the prolificacy of smart wearable devices and wearable body area networks, the availability of and abundance of user data and metadata derived from individuals has grown exponentially. The notion of data ownership, privacy and situational awareness are now at the forefront in this new age.

In this book, the authors discuss the recent developments in computational techniques for automated non-invasive facial emotion detection and analysis with particular focus on the smile. By way of applications, they discuss how genuine and non-genuine smiles can be inferred, how gender is encoded in a smile and how it is possible to use the dynamics of a smile itself as a biometric feature. It is often said that the face is a window to the soul. Bearing a metaphor of this nature in mind, one might find it intriguing to understand, if any, how the physical, behavioural as well as emotional characteristics of a person could be decoded from the face itself. With the increasing deductive power of machine learning techniques, it is becoming plausible to address such questions through the development of appropriate computational frameworks. Though there are as many as over twenty five categories of emotions one could express, regardless of the ethnicity, gender or social class, across humanity, there exist six common emotions – namely happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, anger and disgust - all of which can be inferred from facial expressions. Of these facial expressions, the smile is the most prominent in social interactions. The smile bears important ramifications with beliefs such as it makes one more attractive, less stressful in upsetting situations and employers tending to promote people who smile often. Even pockets of scientific research appear to be forthcoming to validate such beliefs and claims, e.g. the smile intensity observed in photographs positively correlates with longevity, the ability to win a fight and whether a couple would stay married. Thus, it appears that many important personality traits are encoded in the smile itself. Therefore, the deployment of computer based algorithms for studying the human smiles in greater detail is a plausible avenue for which the authors have dedicated the discussions in this book.

This thesis presents a novel neuro-fuzzy modeling approach for grasp neuroprostheses. At first, it offers a detailed study of discomfort due to the application of Functional Electrical Stimulation to the upper limb. Then, it discusses briefly previous methods to model hand movements induced by FES with the purpose of introducing the new modeling approach based on intelligent systems. This approach is thoroughly described in the book, together with the proposed application to induce hand and finger movements by means of a surface FES system based on multi-field electrodes. The validation tests, carried out on both healthy and neurologically impaired subjects, demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed modeling method. All in all, the book proposes an innovative system based on fuzzy neural networks that is expected to improve the design and validation of advanced control systems for non-invasive grasp neuroprostheses.

This book focuses on the use of artificial intelligence to address a specific problem in the brain – the orientation distribution function. It discusses three aspects: (i) Preparing, enhancing and evaluating one of the cuckoo search algorithms (CSA); (ii) Describing the problem: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is used for non-invasive investigations of anatomical connectivity in the human brain, while Q-ball imaging (QBI) is a diffusion MRI reconstruction technique based on the orientation distribution function (ODF), which detects the dominant fiber orientations; however, ODF lacks local estimation accuracy along the path. (iii) Evaluating the performance of the CSA versions in solving the ODF problem using synthetic and real-world data. This book appeals to both postgraduates and researchers who are interested in the fields of medicine and computer science.

This book addresses the basics of interval/fuzzy set theory, artificial neural networks (ANN) and computational methods. It presents step-by-step modeling for application problems along with simulation and numerical solutions. In general, every science and engineering problem is inherently biased by uncertainty, and there is often a need to model, solve and interpret problems in the world of uncertainty. At the same time, exact information about models and parameters of practical applications is usually not known and precise values do not exist. This book discusses uncertainty in both data and models. It consists of seven chapters covering various aspects of fuzzy uncertainty in application problems, such as shallow water wave equations, static structural problems, robotics, radon diffusion in soil, risk of invasive alien species and air quality quantification. These problems are handled by means of advanced computational and fuzzy theory along with machine intelligence when the uncertainties involved are fuzzy. The proposed computational methods offer new fuzzy computing methods that help other areas of knowledge construction where inexact information is present.

This book describes the prize-winning brain-computer-interface (BCI) projects honored in the community's most prestigious annual award. BCIs enable people to communicate and control their limbs and/or environment using thought processes alone. Research in this field continues to develop and expand rapidly, with many new ideas, research groups, and improved technologies having emerged in recent years. The chapters in this volume feature the newest developments from many of the best labs worldwide. They present both non-invasive systems (based on the EEG) and intracortical methods (based on spikes or ECoG), and numerous innovative applications that will benefit new user groups

Andreas Bihlmaier describes a novel method to model dynamic spatial relations by machine learning techniques. The method is applied to the task of representing the tacit knowledge of a trained camera assistant in minimally-invasive surgery. The model is then used for intraoperative control of a robot that autonomously positions the endoscope. Furthermore, a modular robotics platform is described, which forms the basis for this knowledge-based assistance system. Promising results from a complex phantom study are presented.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, CHES 2016, held in Santa Barbara, CA, USA, in August 2016. The 30 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 148 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: side channel analysis; automotive security; invasive attacks; side channel countermeasures; new directions; software implementations; cache attacks; physical unclonable functions; hardware implementations; and fault attacks.

The success of a BCI system depends as much on the system itself as on the user's ability to produce distinctive EEG activity. BCI systems can be divided into two groups according to the placement of the electrodes used to detect and measure neurons firing in the brain. These groups are: invasive systems, electrodes are inserted directly into the cortex are used for single cell or multi unit recording, and electrocorticography (EcoG), electrodes are placed on the surface of the cortex (or dura); noninvasive systems, they are placed on the scalp and use electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) to detect neuron activity.The book is basically divided into three parts. The first part of the book covers the basic concepts and overviews of Brain Computer Interface. The second part describes new theoretical developments of BCI systems. The third part covers views on real applications of BCI systems.

New computerized approaches to various problems have become critically important in healthcare. Computer assisted diagnosis has been extended towards a support of the clinical treatment. Mathematical information analysis, computer applications together with medical equipment and instruments have become standard tools underpinning the current rapid progress with developing Computational Intelligence. We are witnessing a radical change as technologies have been integrated into systems that address the core of medicine, including patient care in ambulatory and in-patient setting, disease prevention, health promotion, rehabilitation and home care. Computer aided diagnosis and treatment systems increase the objectivity of the analysis and speed up the response to pathological changes.This book presents a variety of state-of-the-art information technology and its applications to the networked environment to allow robust computerized approaches to be introduced throughout the healthcare enterprise. Patient's safety and shortening of the rehabilitation time requires a more rapid development of minimally invasive surgery supported by image navigation techniques. Home care, remote rehabilitation assistance, safety of the elderly requires new areas to be explored in telemedicine and telegeriatrics.This book is a great reference tool for scientists who deal with problems of designing and implementing processing tools employed in systems that assist clinicians in patient diagnosis and treatment.

This monograph reports on advances in the measurement and study of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dynamics as a source of reliable and effective markers for mood state recognition and assessment of emotional responses. Its primary impact will be in affective computing and the application of emotion-recognition systems. Applicative studies of biosignals such as: electrocardiograms; electrodermal responses; respiration activity; gaze points; and pupil-size variation are covered in detail, and experimental results explain how to characterize the elicited affective levels and mood states pragmatically and accurately using the information thus extracted from the ANS. Nonlinear signal processing techniques play a crucial role in understanding the ANS physiology underlying superficially noticeable changes and provide important quantifiers of cardiovascular control dynamics. These have prognostic value in both healthy subjects and patients with mood disorders. Moreover, Autonomic Nervous System Dynamics for Mood and Emotional-State Recognition proposes a novel probabilistic approach based on the point-process theory in order to model and characterize the instantaneous ANS nonlinear dynamics providing a foundation from which machine “understanding” of emotional response can be enhanced. Using mathematics and signal processing, this work also contributes to pragmatic issues such as emotional and mood-state modeling, elicitation, and non-invasive ANS monitoring. Throughout the text a critical review on the current state-of-the-art is reported, leading to the description of dedicated experimental protocols, novel and reliable mood models, and novel wearable systems able to perform ANS monitoring in a naturalistic environment. Biomedical engineers will find this book of interest, especially those concerned with nonlinear analysis, as will researchers and industrial technicians developing wearable systems and sensors for ANS monitoring.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Workshop CCAA 2013, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2013, in Nagoya, Japan, in September 2013. The book includes 32 papers which were carefully reviewed and selected from 38 submissions. The topics covered are abdominal atlases, shape analysis and morphology in abdominal structures and organs, detection of anatomical and functional landmarks, dynamic, functional, physiologic, and anatomical abdominal imaging, registration methods for abdominal intra- and inter-patient variability, augmented reality techniques for intervention, clinical applications in radio-frequency ablation, open surgery, and minimally invasive surgery.

The advent of robotic surgery brought a rise in the proportion of minimally invasive surgery in gynecology. This book provides a practical guide to this innovative field. First it introduces the basics of robotic surgery and then focuses on specific gynecology-related surgeries. Gynecologists currently practicing robotic surgery as well as those who would like to include robotic surgery in their practice will benefit greatly from this book.

The construction of any broadly understood theory of information or infor­ mation processing system involves two major methodological processes: (1) abstraction and analysis, (2) reasoning and computing. This monograph is a realisation of these two processes in relation to the study of incompleteness of information. The paradigm we are working with is inspired by a rough-set approach to data analysis: the formalisms we develop enable the use of a non­ invasive data representation. This means that the only information which is and must be used in the process of analysis is the actual information that is to be analysed; we do not require any additional sources of information. An abstraction is formed in the process of conception, design, and develop­ ment of structures. Then analysis leads to a selection of a class of structures. In this book we delineate a class of informational structures that enable us to represent both numerical and non-numerical information and we analyse var­ ious manifestations of its incompleteness. We discuss several general types of incompleteness of information which are grounded in a rough-set-style view of imprecision and uncertainty. Manifestations of these types of incompleteness in information systems are investigated.

This book presents the methodology and techniques of thermographic applications with focus primarily on medical thermography implemented for parametrizing the diagnostics of the human body. The first part of the book describes the basics of infrared thermography, the possibilities of thermographic diagnostics and the physical nature of thermography. The second half includes tools of intelligent engineering applied for the solving of selected applications and projects. Thermographic diagnostics was applied to problematics of paraplegia and tetraplegia and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The results of the research activities were created with the cooperation of the four projects within the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic entitled Digital control of complex systems with two degrees of freedom, Progressive methods of education in the area of control and modeling of complex object oriented systems on aircraft turbocompressor engines, Center for research of control of technical, environmental and human risks for permanent development of production and products in mechanical engineering and Research of new diagnostic methods in invasive implantology.

The aim of computer-aided surgery (CAS) is to advance the utilization of computers in the development of new technologies for medical services. The Asian Conference on Computer Aided Surgery (ACCAS) series provides a forum for academic researchers, clinical scientists, surgeons, and industrial partners to exchange new ideas, techniques, and the latest developments in the field. The ACCAS brings together researchers from all fields related to medical activity visualization, simulation and modeling, virtual reality for CAS, image-guided diagnosis and therapies, CAS for minimally invasive intervention, medical robotics and instrumentation, surgical navigation, clinical application of CAS, telemedicine and telesurgery, and CAS education. The ACCAS is also interested in promoting collaboration among people from different disciplines and different countries in Asia and the world. This volume helps to achieve that goal and is a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians in the field.

This book contains the proceedings of the 11th Scandinavian Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AI), held in Trondheim in May 2011. It presents 17 full papers and an additional six short papers and posters carefully selected from the submissions after thorough peer review. The papers are arranged in four main sections: machine learning, planning, application of AI and robotics and cognition. Topics covered in the first section include: performance user centered qualities generated by supervised learning algorithms; parallel implementation of the random forests algorithm and a spatial clustering algorithm for management zone delineation. The planning section includes papers on parallel plans; including velocity constraints for trajectory planning on grids; and path consistency to solve the Boolean satisfiability problem. Application of AI addresses subjects such as anomaly detection, as well as accurate motion compensation in minimally invasive treatment. Finally, the robotics and cognition section includes contributions on how relatively simple attractor dynamics can produce complex behavior and a knowledge based system for supporting the reconfiguration of industrial robots. With its broad range of subjects, this book will be of interest to all those with an interest in, or whose work involves AI.

Swallowing sound recognition is an important task in bioengineering that could be employed in systems for automated swallowing assessment and diagnosis of abnormally high rate of swallowing (aerophagia) [1], which is the primary mode of ingesting excessive amounts of air, and swallowing dysfunction (dysphagia) [2]-[5], that may lead to aspiration, choking, and even death. Dysphagia represents a major problem in rehabilitation of stroke and head injury patients. In current clinical practice videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) is the gold standard for diagnosis of swallowing disorders. However, VFSS is a ti- consuming procedure performed only in a clinical setting. VFSS also results in some radiation exposure. Therefore, various non-invasive methods are proposed for swallowing assessment based on evaluation of swallowing signals, recorded by microphones and/or accelerometers and analyzed by digital signal processing techniques [2]-[5]. Swallowing sounds are caused by a bolus passing through pharynx. It is possible to use swallowing sounds to determine pharyngeal phase of the swallow and characteristics of the bolus [2].

The 4th International Workshop on Medical Imaging and Augmented Reality, MIAR 2008, was held at the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan during August 1–2, 2008. The goal of MIAR 2008 was to bring together researchersin medical imaging and intervention to present state-of-the-art developments in this ever-growing research area. Rapid technical advances in medical imaging, including its gr- ing application in drug/gene therapy and invasive/interventional procedures, have attracted signi?cant interest in the close integration of research in the life sciences, medicine, physical sciences, and engineering. Current research is also motivated by the fact that medical imaging is moving increasingly from a p- marily diagnostic modality towards a therapeutic and interventional aid, driven by the streamlining of diagnostic and therapeutic processes for human diseases by means of imaging modalities and robotic-assisted surgery. The impact of MIAR on these?elds increases each year, and the quality of submitted papers this yearwas veryimpressive. We received90 full submissions, which were subsequently reviewed by up to?ve reviewers. Reviewer a?liations were carefully checked against author a?liations to avoid con?icts of interest, and the review process was run as a double-blind process. A special procedure was also devised for papers from the universities of the organizers, upholding a double-blind review process for these papers. The MIAR 2008 Program C- mittee?nally accepted 44 full papers. For this workshop, we also included three papers from the invited speakers coveringregistration and segmentation, virtual reality, and perceptual docking for robotic control.

This book is a follow-up of LNCS volume 2929 with the same title, and presents the major results of COST action 274 (2002-2005), TARSKI: Theory and - plications of Relational Structures as Knowledge Instruments. Relational structures abound in the daily environment: relational databases, data-mining, scaling procedures, preference relations, etc. Reasoning about, and with, relations has a long-standing European tradition, which may be divided into three broad areas: 1. Algebraic Logic: algebras of relations, relational semantics, and algebras and logics derived from information systems. 2. Computational Aspects of Automated Relational Reasoning: decidability and complexity of algorithms, network satisfaction. 3. Applications: social choice, AI, linguistics, psychology, economics, etc. The main objective of the?rst TARSKI book (LNCS 2929) was to advance the understanding of relational structures and the use of relational methods in applicable object domains. There were the following sub-objectives: 1. Tostudythesemanticalandsyntacticalaspectsofrelationalstructuresarising from ‘real world'situations 2. To investigateautomatedinference for relationalsystems, and, wherepossible or feasible, develop deductive systems which can be implemented into industrial applications, such as diagnostic systems 3. To develop non-invasive scaling methods for predicting relational data 4. To make software for dealing with relational systems commonly available We are con?dent that the present book will further the understanding of int- disciplinary issues involving relational reasoning. This book consists of papers which give a clear and self-contained overview of the results obtained by the TARSKI action, typically obtained by di?erent persons from di?erent work - eas.

We could start writing this book by saying, with several other authors, that the brain is the most powerful and complex information processing device known, whether naturally developed or created artificially. Although we fully agree with this statement, in doing so we would be misleading the reader, in the sense that the present book basically aims to formalize the knowledge concerning brain physiology accumulated over the past few decades. Instead of merely describing the complexity of the cerebral str- ture or presenting a collection of commentaries and reviews of interesting experimental results, we take into account novel achievements in quantum information and quantum computation, and avail ourselves of recently - veloped mathematical tools. Neuroscience was bom in the 19'~ century with the works of Paul Brocca. However, this fledgling field experienced a boom only in recent times, following the development of powerful non-invasive techniques for probing the neural circuitry supporting the complex cognitive functions of the human brain. Although sophisticated mathematical models and phy- cal theories are the basic tools behind the conceptual foundations and a- lytical implementation of these modem techniques, to the best of our knowledge no effort was made to formalize the actual knowledge about brain function into a coherent theoretical framework incorporating the - cent developments in mathematical and physical science. Addressing this lack was our first motivation in writing this book.

This book delineates a comprehensive framework designed to ultimately assist organizations as they navigate the critical juncture—often termed the inflection point—in adopting generative Artificial Intelligence (AI). Addressing the exigent shift in organizational strategy mandated by Industry 4.0, and urging a transition from mere digital transformation to what is being progressively understood as'generative transformation,” it fills a conspicuous lacuna in both academic and practical discourses by presenting a timely synthesis of research, empirical studies, and case analyses. The authors utilize an interdisciplinary methodology, bridging the epistemological divide between the technological intricacies of generative AI and its effective implementation within institutional frameworks. Reorienting the focus of organizational leaders from a simplistic replacement paradigm to one of technological-human augmentation, it works toward a prescriptive blueprint for enabling organizations to adopt generative AI without compromising their most valuable asset: human intellectual and emotional capital. Fostering interdisciplinary dialog among academics, industry professionals, and policymakers, it fills a critical gap in current discourses and serves as a catalyst for future research and collaboration.

With the exponential growth of science and technology, the delivery of dental care has shifted from conventional methods to intelligent techniques. In addition to adapting intelligent techniques, sustainable dental practice is of the utmost importance. Eco-friendly dentistry, sustainable dentistry, or green dentistry are approaches that reduce the environmental impact of dental practice and help safeguard planetary and community well-being. This handbook provides the latest and most comprehensive evidence-based guidance on intelligent and sustainable approaches in dentistry.Handbook of Intelligent and Sustainable Smart Dentistry: Nature and Bio-Inspired Approaches, Processes, Materials, and Manufacturing highlights how Dentistry 4.0 has come to the rescue after COVID-19 and how it has helped in providing needed e-healthcare. This handbook bridges the gap between research and development in the field of smart dentistry for professionals and clinicians. Intelligent materials, equipment, instrumentation, and the latest behavior management techniques and how these techniques provide superior care and treatment to society are explored in detail. The scope of nature-inspired techniques and procession, along with green solutions, are also discussed in this one-of-a-kind handbook.This valuable handbook is a single-stop solution for practitioners, researchers, scholars, students, academicians, and clinicians interested in updating their knowledge on intelligent and sustainable dentistry. The handbook will bestow the readers with not only theoretical knowledge but will equip them with clinical skills as well.

'In mental health care, artificial intelligence (AI) tools can enhance diagnostic accuracy, personalize treatment plans, and provide support through virtual therapy and chatbots that offer real-time assistance. These technologies can help identify early signs of mental health issues by analyzing patterns in speech, behavior, and physiological data. However, the integration of AI also raises concerns about privacy, data security, and the potential for algorithmic bias, which could impact quality of care. As AI continues to evolve, its role in psychological well-being and healthcare will depend on addressing these ethical and practical considerations while harnessing its potential to improve mental health outcomes and streamline healthcare delivery. AI Technologies and Advancements for Psychological Well-Being and Healthcare discusses the latest innovations in AI that are transforming the landscape of mental health and healthcare services. This book explores how AI applications, such as machine learning algorithms and natural language processing, are enhancing diagnostic accuracy, personalizing treatment options, and improving patient outcomes. Covering topics such as behavioral artificial intelligence, medical diagnosis, and precision medicine, this book is an excellent resource for mental health professionals, healthcare providers and administrators, AI and data scientists, academicians, researchers, healthcare policymakers, and more.'--

The objective of this book is to showcase recent solutions and discuss the opportunities that AI, blockchain, and even their combinations can present to solve the issue of Internet of Things (IoT) security. It delves into cuttingedge technologies and methodologies, illustrating how these innovations can fortify IoT ecosystems against security threats. The discussion includes a comprehensive analysis of AI techniques such as machine learning and deep learning, which can detect and respond to security breaches in real time. The role of blockchain in ensuring data integrity, transparency, and tamper- proof transactions is also thoroughly examined. Furthermore, this book will present solutions that will help analyze complex patterns in user data and ultimately improve productivity.

The proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Next-Generation Computing and Information Systems (ICNGCIS'23) includes research papers in diverse emerging domains such as AI, blockchain, web 3.0, metaverse and edge computing apart from traditional domains such as distributed computing and networks and cybersecurity. The proceedings include papers addressing currently relevant research issues such as smart contract security, interoperability in the metaverse, AI applications in healthcare, agriculture and related domains. The proceedings encompass findings with real-world implications for the growth and evolution of modern computing and information systems by addressing various challenges related to their design, deployment, operational aspects, performance and shortcomings. The intended audience for the proceedings of ICNGCIS'23 include researchers from industry and academia, practitioners, students, technology enthusiasts and even general audience looking to explore interesting applications, use-cases and fundamental issues in modern computing and information systems.

As the travel landscape evolves rapidly, propelled by technological innovations, AI emerges as a powerful force reshaping tourism practices worldwide. This book aims to explore the dynamic intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and the travel industry, offering a comprehensive guide to harnessing AI for enriched, tailored experiences and sustainable development. This groundbreaking book illuminates how AI is revolutionizing personalized recommendations, optimizing operational efficiencies, and promoting eco-conscious practices, fostering a harmonious balance between exploration and environmental stewardship. At its core, AI Technologies for Personalized and Sustainable Tourism seeks to provide a holistic understanding of AI's transformative potential in the hospitality sector. By delving into the latest advancements and real-world applications of AI, readers are guided through practical insights into leveraging AI to enhance traveler experiences while advancing sustainability goals. From AI-powered recommendation systems to predictive analytics and virtual assistants, each chapter offers invaluable insights into how AI can be deployed to create personalized, sustainable tourism experiences. Tailored for a diverse audience spanning industry professionals, researchers, policymakers, and students, this book serves as a beacon of knowledge, bridging the gap between theory and practice in AI-driven tourism. Professionals in the tourism sector will discover valuable strategies for enhancing customer experiences and promoting sustainable practices. Meanwhile, researchers and academics will find comprehensive coverage of cutting-edge developments and case studies. Government officials and policymakers will benefit from practical guidance on harnessing AI to drive economic growth while ensuring environmental and social sustainability, and students will gain a deep understanding of the opportunities and challenges presented by AI in shaping the future of tourism. AI Technologies for Personalized and Sustainable Tourism stands as an indispensable resource, inspiring meaningful progress and fostering responsible innovation in the ever-evolving world of travel and tourism.

Cybersecurity is a paramount concern in both Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) due to the interconnected and often critical nature of these systems. The integration of AI/ML into the realm of IoT and CPS security has gained significant attention and momentum in recent years. The success of AI/ML in various domains has sparked interest in leveraging these technologies to enhance the security, resilience, and adaptability of IoT and CPS. Secure and Smart Cyber-Physical Systems provides an extensive exploration of AI/ML-based security applications in the context of IoT and CPS.Features Presents cutting-edge topics and research in IoT and CPS Includes contributions from leading worldwide researchers Focuses on CPS architectures for secure and smart environments Explores AI/ML and blockchain approaches for providing security and privacy to CPS including smart grids, smart cities, and smart healthcare Provides comprehensive guidance into the intricate world of software development for medical devices Covers a blueprint for the emergence of 6G communications technology in Industry 5.0 and federated-learning-based secure financial services This book covers state-of-the-art problems, existing solutions, and potential research directions for CPS researchers, scholars, and professionals in both industry and academia.

Special education encounters distinct challenges in delivering personalized and practical assistance to students with disabilities. Educators frequently require support to address the varied needs of these students, resulting in learning and development gaps. Moreover, early identification and catering to these needs can take time and effort, affecting students'long-term academic success. There is an urgent need for innovative solutions that can bridge these gaps and improve the educational experiences of students with disabilities. Transforming Special Education Through Artificial Intelligence offers a comprehensive exploration of how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can transform special education by providing personalized and individualized support for students with disabilities. Through case studies and real-life examples, we demonstrate how AI can analyze data to tailor learning experiences, and most importantly, identify learning difficulties early. This crucial aspect of AI can significantly enhance communication among stakeholders and reassure them about the potential of AI in improving educational outcomes for students with disabilities. It provides educators, policymakers, and other stakeholders with the knowledge and tools to integrate AI into special education programs effectively. By fostering a deeper understanding of the opportunities and challenges presented by AI in special education, this book empowers educators to make informed decisions and ensure that all students have access to the resources and support they need to succeed academically and personally.

The field of artificial intelligence, data science, and analytics is crippling itself. Exaggerated promises of unrealistic technologies, simplifications of complex projects, and marketing hype are leading to an erosion of trust in one of our most critical approaches to making decisions: data driven.This book aims to fix this by countering the AI hype with a dose of realism. Written by two experts in the field, the authors firmly believe in the power of mathematics, computing, and analytics, but if false expectations are set and practitioners and leaders don't fully understand everything that really goes into data science projects, then a stunning 80% (or more) of analytics projects will continue to fail, costing enterprises and society hundreds of billions of dollars, and leading to non-experts abandoning one of the most important data-driven decision-making capabilities altogether.For the first time, business leaders, practitioners, students, and interested laypeople will learn what really makes a data science project successful. By illustrating with many personal stories, the authors reveal the harsh realities of implementing AI and analytics.

This informative volume on the shifting requirements of the hospitality service industry aims to incorporate smart information technology into tourism services. A resource written specifically for tourism service industry professionals, it provides a focused approach to introducing Industry 4.0-related technologies. It explains how artificial intelligence can support a company's strategy to revolutionize the business by using smart technology most effectively. The chapters explore artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, big data, blockchain, and automation and robotics in the hospitality industry.

Recent Progress in Medical Miniature Robots: From Bench to Bedside serves as a specialized and dedicated reference on miniature robots and their related biomedical applications. This book presents the latest achievements in the research of miniature robotics and introduces a variety of miniature robots on the milli-/micro-/nano-scale, with tethered/untethered and individual/swarm designs, describing the various types and analyzing the underlying principles per class. Recent Progress in Medical Miniature Robots: From Bench to Bedside is suitable for clinicians, academicians, healthcare professionals, researchers, students, engineers, and scientists working in the field of medical miniature robots and related biomedical applications. - Provides authoritative coverage of the fundamental research and medical applications of miniature robotics, from mm-scale to nm-scale and with tethered/untethered and individual/swarm designs - Focuses on the state-of-the-art research and up-to-date results of medical miniature robots - Describes the key medical applications of miniature robots, and provides insights into the ongoing research, and speculates on the future directions of medical miniature robots

The two-volume set LNAI 15299 and 15300 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Speech and Computer, SPECOM 2024, held in Belgrade, Serbia, during November 25–28, 2024. The 53 full papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 90 submissions. The book also contains two invited talks in full paper length. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Volume I: Invited papers; automatic speech recognition; speech and language resources; speech synthesis and perception; and speech processing for medicine. Volume II: Computational paralinguistics; affective computing; speaker recognition; digital speech processing; natural language processing.