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The main goal of the new field of data mining is the analysis of large and complex datasets. Some very important datasets may be derived from business and industrial activities. This kind of data is known as “enterprise data”. The common characteristic of such datasets is that the analyst wishes to analyze them for the purpose of designing a more cost-effective strategy for optimizing some type of performance measure, such as reducing production time, improving quality, eliminating wastes, or maximizing profit. Data in this category may describe different scheduling scenarios in a manufacturing environment, quality control of some process, fault diagnosis in the operation of a machine or process, risk analysis when issuing credit to applicants, management of supply chains in a manufacturing system, or data for business related decision-making.

This is the first comprehensive book dedicated entirely to the field of decision trees in data mining and covers all aspects of this important technique.Decision trees have become one of the most powerful and popular approaches in knowledge discovery and data mining, the science and technology of exploring large and complex bodies of data in order to discover useful patterns. The area is of great importance because it enables modeling and knowledge extraction from the abundance of data available. Both theoreticians and practitioners are continually seeking techniques to make the process more efficient, cost-effective and accurate. Decision trees, originally implemented in decision theory and statistics, are highly effective tools in other areas such as data mining, text mining, information extraction, machine learning, and pattern recognition. This book invites readers to explore the many benefits in data mining that decision trees offer:

FLINS, originally an acronym for Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Technologies in Nuclear Science, is now extended to Computational Intelligence for applied research. The contributions to the eighth edition in the series of FLINS conferences cover state-of-the-art research, development, and technology for computational intelligence systems in general, and for intelligent decision and control in particular.

Intelligent systems are necessary to handle modern computer-based technologies managing information and knowledge. This book discusses the theories required to help provide solutions to difficult problems in the construction of intelligent systems. Particular attention is paid to situations in which the available information and data may be imprecise, uncertain, incomplete or of a linguistic nature. The main aspects of clustering, classification, summarization, decision making and systems modeling are also addressed. Topics covered in the book include fundamental issues in uncertainty, the rapidly emerging discipline of information aggregation, neural networks, Bayesian networks and other network methods, as well as logic-based systems.

The importance of equational axioms emerged initially with the axiomatic approach to Boolean algebras, groups, and rings, and later in lattices. This unique research monograph systematically presents minimal equational axiom-systems for various lattice-related algebras, regardless of whether they are given in terms of “join and meet” or other types of operations such as ternary operations. Each of the axiom-systems is coded in a handy way so that it is easy to follow the natural connection among the various axioms and to understand how to combine them to form new axiom systems.A new topic in this book is the characterization of Boolean algebras within the class of all uniquely complemented lattices. Here, the celebrated problem of E V Huntington is addressed, which — according to G Gratzer, a leading expert in modern lattice theory — is one of the two problems that shaped a century of research in lattice theory. Among other things, it is shown that there are infinitely many non-modular lattice identities that force a uniquely complemented lattice to be Boolean, thus providing several new axiom systems for Boolean algebras within the class of all uniquely complemented lattices. Finally, a few related lines of research are sketched, in the form of appendices, including one by Dr Willian McCune of the University of New Mexico, on applications of modern theorem-proving to the equational theory of lattices.

In 1984, Robert Axelrod published a book, relating the story of two competitions which he ran, where invited academics entered strategies for the Iterated Prisoners'Dilemma. The book, almost 20 years on, is still widely read and cited by academics and the general public.As a celebration of that landmark work, we have recreated those competitions to celebrate its 20th anniversary, by again inviting academics to submit prisoners'dilemma strategies. The first of these new competitions was run in July 2004, and the second in April 2005. Iterated Prisoners'Dilemma: 20 Years On essentially provides an update of the Axelrod's book.Specifically, it

Bioinformatics, a field devoted to the interpretation and analysis of biological data using computational techniques, has evolved tremendously in recent years due to the explosive growth of biological information generated by the scientific community. Soft computing is a consortium of methodologies that work synergistically and provides, in one form or another, flexible information processing capabilities for handling real-life ambiguous situations. Several research articles dealing with the application of soft computing tools to bioinformatics have been published in the recent past; however, they are scattered in different journals, conference proceedings and technical reports, thus causing inconvenience to readers, students and researchers.This book, unique in its nature, is aimed at providing a treatise in a unified framework, with both theoretical and experimental results, describing the basic principles of soft computing and demonstrating the various ways in which they can be used for analyzing biological data in an efficient manner. Interesting research articles from eminent scientists around the world are brought together in a systematic way such that the reader will be able to understand the issues and challenges in this domain, the existing ways of tackling them, recent trends, and future directions. This book is the first of its kind to bring together two important research areas, soft computing and bioinformatics, in order to demonstrate how the tools and techniques in the former can be used for efficiently solving several problems in the latter.

In graph-based structural pattern recognition, the idea is to transform patterns into graphs and perform the analysis and recognition of patterns in the graph domain — commonly referred to as graph matching. A large number of methods for graph matching have been proposed. Graph edit distance, for instance, defines the dissimilarity of two graphs by the amount of distortion that is needed to transform one graph into the other and is considered one of the most flexible methods for error-tolerant graph matching.This book focuses on graph kernel functions that are highly tolerant towards structural errors. The basic idea is to incorporate concepts from graph edit distance into kernel functions, thus combining the flexibility of edit distance-based graph matching with the power of kernel machines for pattern recognition. The authors introduce a collection of novel graph kernels related to edit distance, including diffusion kernels, convolution kernels, and random walk kernels. From an experimental evaluation of a semi-artificial line drawing data set and four real-world data sets consisting of pictures, microscopic images, fingerprints, and molecules, the authors demonstrate that some of the kernel functions in conjunction with support vector machines significantly outperform traditional edit distance-based nearest-neighbor classifiers, both in terms of classification accuracy and running time.

After decades of research activity, Chinese spoken language processing (CSLP) has advanced considerably both in practical technology and theoretical discovery. In this book, the editors provide both an introduction to the field as well as unique research problems with their solutions in various areas of CSLP. The contributions represent pioneering efforts ranging from CSLP principles to technologies and applications, with each chapter encapsulating a single problem and its solutions.A commemorative volume for the 10th anniversary of the international symposium on CSLP in Singapore, this is a valuable reference for established researchers and an excellent introduction for those interested in the area of CSLP.

It is widely acknowledged that natural language processing, as an indispensable means for information technology, requires the strong support of world knowledge as well as linguistic knowledge. This book is a theoretical exploration into the extra-linguistic knowledge needed for natural language processing and a panoramic description of HowNet as a case study. Readers will appreciate the uniqueness of the discussion on the definitions of the top-level classes HowNet specifies, such as things, parts, attributes, time, space, events and attribute-values, and the relations among them, and also the depth of the authors'philosophy behind HowNet.The book presents the attraction of HowNet's computability of meanings and describes how a software of the computation of meaning can collect so many relevant words and expressions and give a similiarity value between any two words or expressions.

FLINS, originally an acronym for Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Technologies in Nuclear Science, is now extended to Applied Artificial Intelligence for Applied Research. The contributions to the seventh in the series of FLINS conferences contained in this volume cover state-of-the-art research and development in applied artificial intelligence for applied research in general and for power/nuclear engineering in particular.

Self-contained and unified in presentation, this invaluable book provides a broad introduction to the fascinating subject of many-body collective systems with adapting and evolving agents. The coverage includes game theoretic systems, multi-agent systems, and large-scale socio-economic systems of individual optimizing agents. The diversity and scope of such systems have been steadily growing in computer science, economics, social sciences, physics, and biology.

The theme of this book on human and machine perception is communication, interaction, and integration. For each basic topic there are invited lectures, corresponding to approaches in nature and machines, and a panel discussion. The lectures present the state of the art, outlining open questions and stressing synergies among the disciplines related to perception. The panel discussions are forums for open debate. The wide spectrum of topics allows comparison and synergy and can stimulate new approaches.

Many approaches in the field of nonmonotonic and “commonsense” reasoning are actually different representations of the same basic ideas and constructions. This book gives a logical formalization of the original, explanatory approach to nonmonotonic reasoning. It uses the basic formalism of biconsequence relations, as well as derived systems of default, autoepistemic and causal inference, to cover in a single framework such diverse systems as default logic, autoepistemic and modal nonmonotonic logics, input/output and causal logics, argumentation theory, and semantics of general logic programs with negation as failure. This approach provides a clear separation between logical (monotonic) and nonmonotonic aspects of nonmonotonic reasoning. The separation allows, in particular, to single out the logics underlying modern logic programming and restore thereby the connection between logic programming and logic.

Software systems surround us. Software is a critical component in everything from the family car through electrical power systems to military equipment. As software plays an ever-increasing role in our lives and livelihoods, the quality of that software becomes more and more critical. However, our ability to deliver high-quality software has not kept up with those increasing demands. The economic fallout is enormous; the US economy alone is losing over US$50 billion per year due to software failures. This book presents new research into using advanced artificial intelligence techniques to guide software quality improvements. The techniques of chaos theory and data mining are brought to bear to provide new insights into the software development process. Written for researchers and practitioners in software engineering and computational intelligence, this book is a unique and important bridge between these two fields.

As became apparent after the tragic events of September 11, 2001, terrorist groups are increasingly using the Internet as a communication and propaganda tool where they can safely communicate with their affiliates, coordinate action plans, raise funds, and introduce new supporters to their networks. This is evident from the large number of web sites run by different terrorist organizations, though the URLs and geographical locations of these web sites are frequently moved around the globe. The wide use of the Internet by terrorists makes some people think that the risk of a major cyber-attack against the communication infrastructure is low. However, this situation may change abruptly once the terrorists decide that the Net does not serve their purposes anymore and, like any other invention of our civilization, deserves destruction.Fighting Terror in Cyberspace is a unique volume, which provides, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of terrorist threats in cyberspace along with state-of-the-art tools and technologies that can deal with these threats in the present and in the future. The book covers several key topics in cyber warfare such as terrorist use of the Internet, the Cyber Jihad, data mining tools and techniques of terrorist detection on the web, analysis and detection of terror financing, and automated identification of terrorist web sites in multiple languages. The contributors include leading researchers on international terrorism, as well as distinguished experts in information security and cyber intelligence. This book represents a valuable source of information for academic researchers, law enforcement and intelligence experts, and industry consultants who are involved in detection, analysis, and prevention of terrorist activities on the Internet.

This book describes exciting new opportunities for utilizing robust graph representations of data with common machine learning algorithms. Graphs can model additional information which is often not present in commonly used data representations, such as vectors. Through the use of graph distance — a relatively new approach for determining graph similarity — the authors show how well-known algorithms, such as k-means clustering and k-nearest neighbors classification, can be easily extended to work with graphs instead of vectors. This allows for the utilization of additional information found in graph representations, while at the same time employing well-known, proven algorithms.To demonstrate and investigate these novel techniques, the authors have selected the domain of web content mining, which involves the clustering and classification of web documents based on their textual substance. Several methods of representing web document content by graphs are introduced; an interesting feature of these representations is that they allow for a polynomial time distance computation, something which is typically an NP-complete problem when using graphs. Experimental results are reported for both clustering and classification in three web document collections using a variety of graph representations, distance measures, and algorithm parameters.In addition, this book describes several other related topics, many of which provide excellent starting points for researchers and students interested in exploring this new area of machine learning further. These topics include creating graph-based multiple classifier ensembles through random node selection and visualization of graph-based data using multidimensional scaling.

Inspired by the Darwinian framework of evolution through natural selection and adaptation, the field of evolutionary computation has been growing very rapidly, and is today involved in many diverse application areas. This book covers the latest advances in the theories, algorithms, and applications of simulated evolution and learning techniques. It provides insights into different evolutionary computation techniques and their applications in domains such as scheduling, control and power, robotics, signal processing, and bioinformatics. The book will be of significant value to all postgraduates, research scientists and practitioners dealing with evolutionary computation or complex real-world problems.This book has been selected for coverage in:• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)• CC Proceedings — Engineering & Physical Sciences

Military conflicts, particularly land combat, possess the characteristics of complex adaptive systems: combat forces are composed of a large number of nonlinearly interacting parts and are organized in a dynamic command-and-control network; local action, which often appears disordered, self-organizes into long-range order; military conflicts, by their nature, proceed far from equilibrium; military forces adapt to a changing combat environment; and there is no master “voice” that dictates the actions of every soldier (i.e., battlefield action is decentralized). Nonetheless, most modern “state of the art” military simulations ignore the self-organizing properties of combat.This book summarizes the results of a multiyear research effort aimed at exploring the applicability of complex adaptive systems theory to the study of warfare, and introduces a sophisticated multiagent-based simulation of combat called EINSTein. EINSTein, whose bottom-up, generative approach to modeling combat stands in stark contrast to the top-down or reductionist philosophy that still underlies most conventional military models, is designed to illustrate how many aspects of land combat may be understood as self-organized, emergent phenomena. Used worldwide by the military operations research community, EINSTein has pioneered the simulation of combat on a small to medium scale by using autonomous agents to model individual behaviors and personalities rather than hardware.

This review volume introduces the novel intelligent Web theory called computational Web intelligence (CWI) based on computational intelligence (CI) and Web technology (WT). It takes an in-depth look at hybrid Web intelligence (HWI), which is based on artificial biological and computational intelligence with Web technology and is used to build hybrid intelligent Web systems that serve wired and wireless users more efficiently. The basic principles of CWI and various e-applications of CWI and HWI are discussed. For completeness, six major CWI techniques — fuzzy Web intelligence, neural Web intelligence, evolutionary Web intelligence, granular Web intelligence, rough Web Intelligence and probabilistic Web intelligence — are described. With the huge potential for intelligent e-business applications of CWI and HWI, these techniques represent the future of intelligent Web applications.

This book brings together the contributions of leading researchers in the field of machine intelligence, covering areas such as fuzzy logic, neural networks, evolutionary computation and hybrid systems.There is wide coverage of the subject — from simple tools, through industrial applications, to applications in high-level intelligent systems which are biologically motivated, such as humanoid robots (and selected parts of these systems, like the visual cortex). Readers will gain a comprehensive overview of the issues in machine intelligence, a field which promises to play a very important role in the information society of the future.

Watermarking techniques involve the concealment of information within a text or images and the transmission of this information to the receiver with minimum distortion. This is a very new area of research. The techniques will have a significant effect on defence, business, copyright protection and other fields where information needs to be protected at all costs from attackers.This book presents the recent advances in the theory and implementation of watermarking techniques. It brings together, for the first time, the successful applications of intelligent paradigms (including comparisons with conventional methods) in many areas. The accompanying CD-Rom provides readers with source codes and executables to put into practice general topics in watermarking.Intelligent Watermarking Techniques will be of great value to undergraduate and postgraduate students in many disciplines, including engineering and computer science. It is also targeted at researchers, scientists and engineers.

In recent years, we have witnessed an explosive growth in multimedia computing, communication and applications. This revolution is transforming the way people live, work and interact with each other, and is impacting the way business, government services, education, entertainment and health care operate.This important book summarizes recent research topics, focusing on four major areas: (1) intelligent content-based information retrieval and virtual world, (2) quality-of-services of multimedia data, (3) intelligent techniques for distance education, and (4) intelligent agents for e-commerce.This book has been selected for coverage in:• CC / Engineering, Computing & Technology• Index to Scientific Book Contents® (ISBC)

The Knowledge Grid is an intelligent and sustainable interconnection environment that enables people and machines to effectively capture, publish, share and manage knowledge resources. It also provides appropriate on-demand services to support scientific research, technological innovation, cooperative teamwork, problem solving, and decision making. It incorporates epistemology and ontology to reflect human cognitive characteristics; exploits social, ecological and economic principles; and adopts techniques and standards developed during work toward the future web. This book presents its methodology, theory, models and applications systematically for the first time.

This book presents an extensive variety of multi-objective problems across diverse disciplines, along with statistical solutions using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs). The topics discussed serve to promote a wider understanding as well as the use of MOEAs, the aim being to find good solutions for high-dimensional real-world design applications. The book contains a large collection of MOEA applications from many researchers, and thus provides the practitioner with detailed algorithmic direction to achieve good results in their selected problem domain.

In this book, efficient and scalable coevolutionary algorithms for distributed, network-based decision-making, which utilize objective functions are developed in a networked environment where internode communications are a primary factor in system performance.A theoretical foundation for this class of coevolutionary algorithms is introduced using techniques from stochastic process theory and mathematical analysis.A case study in distributed, network-based decision-making presents an implementation and detailed evaluation of the coevolutionary decision-making framework that incorporates distributed evolutionary agents and mobile agents.The methodology discussed in this book can have a fundamental impact on the principles and practice of engineering in the distributed, network-based environment that is emerging within and among corporate enterprise systems. In addition, the conceptual framework of the approach to distributed decision systems described may have much wider implications for network-based systems and applications.

The major trends in e-learning are determined by the global demand of academic, elderly and non-traditional target groups for training and education. The advent of the learning organization reflects these major shifts of the educational markets within companies. Automation of learning processes does not enhance a company's productivity; augmentation of individual and collaborative learning processes is needed.This book reflects seven years of applied research (1997-2003) in the fields of adaptive multimedia systems, knowledge-based and collaborative learning environments, and intelligent software agents.

This book contains tutorial surveys and original research contributions in geometric computing, modeling, and reasoning. Highlighting the role of algebraic computation, it covers: surface blending, implicitization, and parametrization; automated deduction with Clifford algebra and in real geometry; and exact geometric computation. Basic techniques, advanced methods, and new findings are presented coherently, with many examples and illustrations. Using this book the reader will easily cross the frontiers of symbolic computation, computer aided geometric design, and automated reasoning. The book is also a valuable reference for people working in other relevant areas, such as scientific computing, computer graphics, and artificial intelligence.

An inadequate infrastructure for software testing is causing major losses to the world economy. The characteristics of software quality problems are quite similar to other tasks successfully tackled by artificial intelligence techniques. The aims of this book are to present state-of-the-art applications of artificial intelligence and data mining methods to quality assurance of complex software systems, and to encourage further research in this important and challenging area.

FLINS, originally an acronym for “Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent technologies in Nuclear Science”, has now been extended to include computational intelligent systems for applied research. FLINS 2004, is the sixth in a series of international conferences, covers state-of-the-art research and development in applied computational intelligence for applied research in general and for power/nuclear engineering in particular. This book presents the latest research trends and future research directions in the field.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in:• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings® (ISTP / ISI Proceedings)• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)• CC Proceedings — Engineering & Physical Sciences

This book examines fuzzy relational calculus theory with applications in various engineering subjects. The scope of the text covers unified and exact methods with algorithms for direct and inverse problem resolution in fuzzy relational calculus. Extensive engineering applications of fuzzy relation compositions and fuzzy linear systems (linear, relational and intuitionistic) are discussed. Some examples of such applications include solutions of equivalence, reduction and minimization problems in fuzzy machines, pattern recognition in fuzzy languages, optimization and inference engines in textile and chemical engineering, etc. A comprehensive overview of the authors'original work in fuzzy relational calculus is also provided in each chapter.The attached CD-Rom contains a toolbox with many functions for fuzzy calculations, together with an original algorithm for inverse problem resolution in MATLAB. This book is also suitable for use as a textbook in related courses at advanced undergraduate and graduate levels.

In recent years, complex-valued neural networks have widened the scope of application in optoelectronics, imaging, remote sensing, quantum neural devices and systems, spatiotemporal analysis of physiological neural systems, and artificial neural information processing. In this first-ever book on complex-valued neural networks, the most active scientists at the forefront of the field describe theories and applications from various points of view to provide academic and industrial researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the fundamentals, features and prospects of the powerful complex-valued networks.

The shared platform of the articles collected in this volume is used to advocate a dynamical systems approach to cognition. It is argued that recent developments in cognitive science towards an account of embodiment, together with the general approach of complexity theory and dynamics, have a major impact on behavioral and cognitive science. The book points out that there are two domains that follow naturally from the stance of embodiment: first, coordination dynamics is an established empirical paradigm that is best able to aid the approach; second, the obvious goal-directedness of intelligent action (i.e., intentionality) is nicely addressed in the framework of the dynamical synergetic approach.

The Internet/WWW has made it possible to easily access quantities of information never available before. However, both the amount of information and the variation in quality pose obstacles to the efficient use of the medium. Artificial intelligence techniques can be useful tools in this context. Intelligent systems can be applied to searching the Internet and data-mining, interpreting Internet-derived material, the human-Web interface, remote condition monitoring and many other areas.This volume presents the latest research on the interaction between intelligent systems (neural networks, adaptive and connectionist paradigms, fuzzy and rule-based systems, intelligent agents) and the Internet/WWW. It surveys both the employment of intelligent systems to facilitate and enhance the use of the Internet, and applications where the Internet is a channel through which intelligent techniques are applied.

The field of pattern recognition has seen enormous progress since its beginnings almost 50 years ago. A large number of different approaches have been proposed. Hybrid methods aim at combining the advantages of different paradigms within a single system.Hybrid Methods in Pattern Recognition is a collection of articles describing recent progress in this emerging field. It covers topics such as the combination of neural nets with fuzzy systems or hidden Markov models, neural networks for the processing of symbolic data structures, hybrid methods in data mining, the combination of symbolic and subsymbolic learning, and others. Also included is recent work on multiple classifier systems. Furthermore, the book deals with applications in on-line and off-line handwriting recognition, remotely sensed image interpretation, fingerprint identification, and automatic text categorization.

Decision making and control are two fields with distinct methods for solving problems, and yet they are closely related. This book bridges the gap between decision making and control in the field of fuzzy decisions and fuzzy control, and discusses various ways in which fuzzy decision making methods can be applied to systems modeling and control.Fuzzy decision making is a powerful paradigm for dealing with human expert knowledge when one is designing fuzzy model-based controllers. The combination of fuzzy decision making and fuzzy control in this book can lead to novel control schemes that improve the existing controllers in various ways. The following applications of fuzzy decision making methods for designing control systems are considered:• Fuzzy decision making for enhancing fuzzy modeling. The values of important parameters in fuzzy modeling algorithms are selected by using fuzzy decision making.• Fuzzy decision making for designing signal-based fuzzy controllers. The controller mappings and the defuzzification steps can be obtained by decision making methods.• Fuzzy design and performance specifications in model-based control. Fuzzy constraints and fuzzy goals are used.• Design of model-based controllers combined with fuzzy decision modules. Human operator experience is incorporated for the performance specification in model-based control.The advantages of bringing together fuzzy control and fuzzy decision making are shown with multiple examples from real and simulated control systems.

Modern defence forces rely mainly on intelligent information systems and high technology armour. This volume reflects the latest trends in military information systems research by bringing together international contributions that span from communications technology, through intelligent agents and large-scale modeling and simulation, to sociotechnical systems. Together, the articles represent a good cross section of contemporary information systems research.The book also shows the wealth of research on advanced information systems and on technologies developed for defence purposes. Some of the chapters may serve as a component of advanced defence training programs. They provide an important overview of crucial research, which has evolved over the last ten years.

FLINS is an acronym for Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Technologies in Nuclear Science. FLINS 2002 is the fifth in a series of FLINS conferences and covers state-of-the-art research and development in computational intelligence for applied research in general and for nuclear science and engineering in particular. This book outlines the trends in computational intelligence in control, decision-making, and nuclear engineering, and presents the latest developments of computational intelligent systems in applied research and nuclear applications.

This volume provides a collection of sixteen articles containing review and new material. In a unified way, they describe the recent development of theories and methodologies in pattern recognition, image processing and vision using fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, rough sets and wavelets with significant real life applications.The book details the theory of granular computing and the role of a rough-neuro approach as a way of computing with words and designing intelligent recognition systems. It also demonstrates applications of the soft computing paradigm to case based reasoning, data mining and bio-informatics with a scope for future research.The contributors from around the world present a balanced mixture of current theory, algorithms and applications, making the book an extremely useful resource for students and researchers alike.

This is the first handbook to cover comprehensively both software engineering and knowledge engineering - two important fields that have become interwoven in recent years. Over 60 international experts have contributed to the book. Each chapter has been written in such a way that a practitioner of software engineering and knowledge engineering can easily understand and obtain useful information. Each chapter covers one topic and can be read independently of other chapters, providing both a general survey of the topic and an in-depth exposition of the state of the art. Practitioners will find this handbook useful when looking for solutions to practical problems. Researchers can use it for quick access to the background, current trends and most important references regarding a certain topic.The handbook consists of two volumes. Volume One covers the basic principles and applications of software engineering and knowledge engineering.Volume Two will cover the basic principles and applications of visual and multimedia software engineering, knowledge engineering, data mining for software knowledge, and emerging topics in software engineering and knowledge engineering.

In order to develop new types of information media and technology, it is essential to model complex and flexible information processing in living systems. This book presents a new approach to modeling complex information processing in living systems. Traditional information-theoretic methods in neural networks are unified in one framework, i.e. α-entropy. This new approach will enable information systems such as computers to imitate and simulate human complex behavior and to uncover the deepest secrets of the human mind.

This book is useful for readers who want to visualize graphs as representing structural knowledge in a variety of fields. It gives an outline of the whole field, describes in detail the representative methods for drawing graphs, explains extensions such as fisheye and dynamic drawing, presents many practical applications, and discusses ways of evaluation. It makes the intuitive understanding of these easier by using examples and diagrams, and provides a wealth of references for those readers who wish to know more.

This volume is an attempt to capture the essence of the state-of-the-art of intelligent agent technology and to identify the new challenges and opportunities that it is or will be facing. The most important feature of the volume is that it emphasizes a multi-faceted, holistic view of this emerging technology, from its computational foundations — in terms of models, methodologies, and tools for developing a variety of embodiments of agent-based systems — to its practical impact on tackling real-world problems.

This book covers a broad range of up-to-date issues in non-classical logic that are of interest not only to philosophical and mathematical logicians but also to computer scientists and researchers in artificial intelligence. The problems addressed range from methodological issues in paraconsistent and deontic logic to the revision theory of truth and infinite Turing machines. The book identifies a number of important current trends in contemporary non-classical logic. Among them are dialogical and substructural logic, the classification of concepts of negation, truthmaker theory, and mathematical and foundational aspects of modal and temporal logic.

An autonomous agent is a computational system that acquires sensory data from its environment and decides by itself how to relate the external stimulus to its behaviors in order to attain certain goals. Responding to different stimuli received from its task environment, the agent may select and exhibit different behavioral patterns. The behavioral patterns may be carefully predefined or dynamically acquired by the agent based on some learning and adaptation mechanism(s). In order to achieve structural flexibility, reliability through redundancy, adaptability, and reconfigurability in real-world tasks, some researchers have started to address the issue of multiagent cooperation. Broadly speaking, the power of autonomous agents lies in their ability to deal with unpredictable, dynamically changing environments. Agent-based systems are becoming one of the most important computer technologies, holding out many promises for solving real-world problems.The aims of this book are to provide a guided tour to the pioneering work and the major technical issues in agent research, and to give an in-depth discussion on the computational mechanisms for behavioral engineering in autonomous agents. Through a systematic examination, the book attempts to provide the general design principles for building autonomous agents and the analytical tools for modeling the emerged behavioral properties of a multiagent system.

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) originally emerged in the domain of speech recognition. In recent years, they have attracted growing interest in the area of computer vision as well. This book is a collection of articles on new developments in the theory of HMMs and their application in computer vision. It addresses topics such as handwriting recognition, shape recognition, face and gesture recognition, tracking, and image database retrieval.This book is also published as a special issue of the International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence (February 2001).

This book presents the result of 30 years'work on the original material related to “thinking machines”, a subject initiated by the author and his colleagues. It is based on the ability of the computer to represent the hierarchical procedure of task conception and execution found in human beings. It is arranged in three levels representing the structure of organizational systems: organization, coordination and execution. Hierarchically Intelligent Machines can serve as a guide to modern intelligent robots.

In recent years, a great number of publications have explored the use of genetic algorithms as a tool for designing fuzzy systems. Genetic Fuzzy Systems explores and discusses this symbiosis of evolutionary computation and fuzzy logic. The book summarizes and analyzes the novel field of genetic fuzzy systems, paying special attention to genetic algorithms that adapt and learn the knowledge base of a fuzzy-rule-based system. It introduces the general concepts, foundations and design principles of genetic fuzzy systems and covers the topic of genetic tuning of fuzzy systems. It also introduces the three fundamental approaches to genetic learning processes in fuzzy systems: the Michigan, Pittsburgh and Iterative-learning methods. Finally, it explores hybrid genetic fuzzy systems such as genetic fuzzy clustering or genetic neuro-fuzzy systems and describes a number of applications from different areas.Genetic Fuzzy System represents a comprehensive treatise on the design of the fuzzy-rule-based systems using genetic algorithms, both from a theoretical and a practical perspective. It is a valuable compendium for scientists and engineers concerned with research and applications in the domain of fuzzy systems and genetic algorithms.

This volume presents recent research in reliability and quality theory and its applications by many leading experts in the field. The subjects covered include reliability optimization, software reliability, maintenance, quality engineering, system reliability, Monte Carlo simulation, tolerance design optimization, manufacturing system estimation, neural networks, software quality assessment, optimization design of life tests, software quality, reliability-centered maintenance, multivariate control chart, methodology for measurement of test effectiveness, imperfect preventive maintenance, Markovian reliability modeling, accelerated life testing, and system availability assessment. The book will serve as a reference for postgraduate students and will also prove useful for practitioners and researchers in reliability and quality engineering.

This is the first handbook to cover comprehensively both software engineering and knowledge engineering - two important fields that have become interwoven in recent years. Over 60 international experts have contributed to the book. Each chapter has been written in such a way that a practitioner of software engineering and knowledge engineering can easily understand and obtain useful information. Each chapter covers one topic and can be read independently of other chapters, providing both a general survey of the topic and an in-depth exposition of the state of the art. Practitioners will find this handbook useful when looking for solutions to practical problems. Researchers can use it for quick access to the background, current trends and most important references regarding a certain topic.The handbook consists of two volumes. Volume One covers the basic principles and applications of software engineering and knowledge engineering.Volume Two will cover the basic principles and applications of visual and multimedia software engineering, knowledge engineering, data mining for software knowledge, and emerging topics in software engineering and knowledge engineering.