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This textbook offers an introduction to empirical regional economics, including a comprehensive and systematic overview of the fundamentals, history, development, and applications of economic base models. It not only provides a sound basis for regional economics and regional economic analysis, but it also includes numerous applications of the underlying theory. The book has an empirical orientation, highlighting the value of observation and testing in order to explain regional economic behavior. Theory plays an important role in this study, but it is only a starting point. The book is divided into three parts: the first discusses the economic base theory of regional growth and the empirical evidence supporting it, while the second part covers the specification and application of four increasingly complex regional economic models: the economic base model, the input-output model, the interindustry econometric model, and the structural time-series model. Lastly, the third part presents forty-eight regional economic case studies organized under seven headings, including economic cycles, economic policy, and regional forecasting. Given its scope, the book appeals to upper-undergraduate and graduate students majoring in economics, economic geography, and business, as well as to anyone in the private or public sector interested in gaining a better understanding of practical methods of regional economic forecasting and analysis.For additional course material, please check the author's website: https://www.empiricalregionaleconomics.com

This research work is to commemorate all Guos'ancestor, who guarded the border for his Majesty dutifully, and who is the foremost supporter in my academic career. For the past decades, economists and geographers from both developed and developing countries have studied the economic issues either within individual countries (regions), or between countries (regions). Only a relatively small part of these efforts has been focused on the economic affairs of those countries'(regions') peripheral areas and even less attention has been given to the structural analysis of economic mechanisms of the border-regions with different political levels and compositions. My interest in border-regions more or less directly relates to some personal reasons of mine. The Chinese family name, Guo, means a guard for an outer city-wall (herein it used to be a political and military border in ancient China, e. g., the Chinese Great Wall). It is more interesting that Guo is written with a different Chinese character from that used for the like­ sounding'Guo'(country). The Chinese writing of the latter is a square frame inside which lies a Chinese character, Wang (king), in the centre and a point in the comer. It might be simply supposed that the'point'was used by the inventor to necessarily represent the'border guard'probably because of its vital importance to the country.

The Regional Economics of Technological Transformations provides a comprehensive overview of 4.0 technological transformations in Europe and their socio-economic impact, with a particular emphasis on the regional dimension of the phenomena. The authors employ extensive original data and robust quantitative methods to analyse technological change in all regions of the 27 EU countries plus the UK and shed light on this trend for Europe and beyond. Structured in four parts, the book first looks at conceptual definitions, empirical measurements and expected impacts on both the economic performance (GDP and productivity growth) and the labour market, and then moves on to analyse where 4.0 technological transformation actually takes place in Europe and the reasons for this. Next, it offers original empirical evidence on the impacts of the different transformations, and of their intertwined effects, on both the economy and the society. Finally, the book explores the policy implications of this technological transformation. This book will be valuable reading for advanced students, researchers and policymakers working across regional economics, industrial economics and innovation policy. It will be of primary interest to regional scientists interested in the field, who may enjoy the conceptual and empirical solutions to the study of a very complex, timely and still largely unexplored theme. Sociologists, engineers and political economists can benefit from the book's analysis, noting the urgency of the development of new ethical rules governing the new digital and labour markets. Finally, the book may appeal to policymakers interested in opportunities to increase regional competitiveness and sustainability goals through the advent of 4.0 technologies.

In recent years, economic crises, regional fragmentation trends, radical technological innovation and the failures of regional policies have expanded the knowledge horizon of experts in regional growth and development. This fully updated, revised and expanded Second Edition contains eight new chapters as well as exploring theories prevalent in the first edition in the face of recent changes in the field. With 30 chapters from leading experts from across the globe, this Handbook looks at new pathways in regional economics, presenting the most cutting-edge theories explaining regional growth and local development. It thoroughly examines recent advances in theories, the normative potentialities that they have and the cross-fertilization of ideas between regional and mainstream economists, providing crucial insights to the topic. This will be an essential source of reference and information for scholars and advanced students of regional science and regional economics. It will also be a useful tool for experts in international institutions researching regional growth.

This book broadens the reader's knowledge of several important issues having to do with the economy of Indonesia and its surrounding regions, to which Professor Iwan Jaya Azis has made significant contributions in the last 40 years. The book is divided into three parts, the first of which contains several chapters describing fundamental methods in regional economics, development economics, macroeconomics, and finance. These methods are crucial in understanding the political economy of Indonesia and the neighboring regions. Among the techniques discussed are social accounting matrix (SAM) analysis, computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling, and agent-based modeling (ABM) approaches. The second part is on several important issues related to the Indonesian economy. The topics covered are urbanization, resource booms, manufacturing, and micro and small enterprises. The book's third part deals with the economies of several countries in the neighboring Southeast Asian region, including the Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand.

The shortcomings of traditional regional policies led to a major policy. Thus, regions have become more active in the design and implementation of policies, following a bottom-up approach and involving the participation of the local community in strategic planning, as opposed to the traditional top-down method. This book addresses regional development theories and policies, with a special focus on forgotten places, and raises emerging questions about recent theoretical advances, as well as trends and challenges in the field. It examines two main and related issues: the crucial role of regional actors for development and the role of Forgotten Spaces. It emphasizes the spatial/territorial approaches from different theoretical perspectives, underlining place-based approaches and compares the experiences of both successful and failed cases, attempting to identify lessons and policy recommendations, as well as adding empirical evidence to this field. The different cases presented, which focus on Forgotten Spaces, allow the reader to assess the role of different actors for regional development as well as some sectoral approaches. While there is a clear focus on European countries with different geographical, institutional and sociocultural characteristics, the book also examines good and bad examples of regional development and policies related to forgotten places from different regions worldwide, including developed and developing countries.The book benefits from contributions from over 20 authors from different nationalities, and a rich diversity of case studies, approaches and methods of discussion. The authors discuss practical examples and more complex theoretical approaches, involving techniques of spatial analysis, spatial econometrics, social networks, content analysis as well as regional planning techniques. The book will appeal to an interdisciplinary audience and will provide academicians, politicians, and policy designers with original and detailed analyses.

This book explores the relationship between families, firms, and regions and the extent to which these relationships contribute to regional economic and social development.Although family business participation in economic activities has been a common phenomenon since pre-industrial societies, and its importance has evolved throughout time and across spatial contexts, the book suggests that these factors have often been neglected in family business and regional studies. Taking this research gap into account, the book aims to deepen our understanding of the role family firms play in the regional economy. In particular, it explores two seldom studied questions. Firstly, what role do family firms play in regional development? Secondly, how do different spatial regional contexts shape family firm operations and performance?Family Business and Regional Development presents a model of'spatial familiness'and uses themes such as productivity, networks and competitiveness to shed new light on family businesses. Moreover, it approaches the juxtaposition between family business and regional studies to encourage the cross-fertilisation of ideas, theories, and research methods between the two fields.Bringing together leading experts in entrepreneurship, regional economics, and economic geography, this book will be a valuable reading for advanced students, researchers and policymakers interested in family firms, regional studies and economic geography.

Regional policy is an essential in any government's toolkit for promoting socioeconomic prosperity. It comes in many forms and can be used to target the development of weak and stronger regions. This textbook provides comprehensive and systematic coverage of regional policy, dealing with core theories and looking at contemporary challenges in practice, addressing regional policy across the world.Structured in four parts, the book opens with an exploration of regional policy's characterisation, aims and rationale. The second part is devoted to issues of implementation and the instruments available to policymakers for intervention. The third part addresses regional policy evaluation, as well as statistics and modelling in policymaking. Finally, the book discusses how regional policy is applied in different contexts. Each chapter contains real-life examples of a regional policy topic in action and highlights supplementary topics for advanced readers.With its broad coverage of the subject, Regional Policy: Theory and Practice will prove a valuable resource for advanced students, researchers and practitioners in regional policy, regional economics, economic geography, planning and public policy.

Clusters and Sustainable Regional Development conceptualises the role of organised clusters in the transition towards sustainability. It introduces a novel perspective on these clusters, viewing them as deliberate collective actors within their environments that can become the driving force for transformation in their regions or nations. The book draws upon the meta-organisational perspective in cluster studies, in contrast to traditional approaches. This view suggests that clusters are not merely territories or geographical areas, but organised entities. As such, they are defined as territorially anchored groups of independent organisations engaging in joint decision-making, pursuing system-level goals and capable of purposive collective action. This text introduces a new set of ideas and questions at the intersection of economic geography, regional and cluster studies, organisation and management, policy and governance research. It will appeal to researchers from these diverse fields seeking to further develop the meta-organisational view of clusters as well as conceptualise their role in sustainability transitions. This book will also be a useful guide for policymakers who have an interest in the dynamics of economic development and the transition towards sustainability.

The book spans a scientific research program elegantly developed by Roberto Camagni, an eminent regional scientist, who has offered ground-breaking ideas in regional and urban economics throughout his academic career. In addition to bringing together a selection of Professor Camagni's most influential works, the book presents syntheses and interpretations of his ideas by respected colleagues and by his students. In regional economics, space as territory, which plays an active role in innovation processes and in regional growth patterns; territorial capital as a synthetic concept of differentiated regional growth assets; and sources of regional competitiveness are only a few of the main ideas that emerged in regional economics thanks to this inspiring mind. In urban economics, he paved the way towards a new theoretical interpretation of the existence of the city and of its dynamics. His theory of city networks overcame the limits of Christaller's and Lösch's spatial approach to the city, with a solid economic conceptualization of spatial city network structures. All theories are accompanied by sound policy analysis, helping to contribute to the design and implementation of appropriate spatial policies at the European level.

This book assesses the architecture of performance measurement systems (PMS) in emerging countries, utilizing a mix of theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence, with Bangladesh as a case context. It examines the evolution and improvement of performance measurement over time with the introduction of new tools, such as multiple dimensional measures and the balanced scorecard (BSC). The book explores the historical and cultural roots of PMS within the context of developing countries and its latest developments in the context of sustainability practices and sustainable development. Additionally, this book provides empirical evidence from the banking sector in Bangladesh, highlighting the factors driving firms to adopt new PMS. This book is an invaluable resource for researchers and policymakers interested in performance measurement systems in developing countries, offering a foundation for future research and policy initiatives.

This book explains information agglomeration, a new concept we devise under the influence of Hidalgo (2015). Our concept of information agglomeration applies to an economy with horizontal divisions, while an ordinary concept of industry agglomeration means spillover effects of corporate firms on another ones in vertically integrated industries. In a horizontally divided economy of ‘a society in which the capacities of individuals greatly surpass their individual knowledge'as Hidalgo (2015) envisages, ‘the combinatorial creativity emerges from our species'ability to crystallize imagination.” Consequently, it is likely that information agglomerates in such knowledge-oriented economies. We take the Japanese auto parts suppliers for example. The production system in which highly modularized products are crafted by skilled labors and multipurpose machines was called flexible specialization instead of mass production by Piore and Sabel (1984). However, the conventional economics of transaction costs pioneered by Ronald Coase and Oliver Williamson suggests that it is costly for dispersed organizational networks to make and sustain creational links to accumulate vast volumes of knowledge/ information. We wonder what has made information agglomeration possible for the Japanese auto parts suppliers with the flexible specialization. What has lowered the transaction costs associated with the organizational links? We consider what causes the information agglomeration to amplify in the supply chains, constructing economic models of some hypotheses on the driving forces of information agglomeration and utilizing firm-level and establish-level micro data to empirically test these hypotheses. Finally, based on the empirical evidence on information agglomeration, we shed light on whither fast-evolving automobile manufacturing in Japan that autonomous driving technology is likely to exert traction on.

EBES conferences have been an intellectual hub for academic discussion in economics, finance, and business fields and provide network opportunities for participants to make long-lasting academic cooperation. This is the 27th volume of the Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics (EBES's official proceeding series), which includes selected papers from the 40th EBES Conference which took place in Istanbul on July 6-8, 2022. The conference was organized with the support of the Istanbul Economic Research Association in hybrid mode with both online and in-person discussions at the Istanbul Ticaret University in Istanbul, Türkiye. Both theoretical and empirical papers in this volume cover diverse areas of business, economics, and finance from many different regions.

This book focuses solely on the issues of agricultural productivity analysis with advanced modeling approaches bringing solutions to food-insecure regions of the world, especially in south and southeast Asia and in Africa. Advanced modeling tools and their use in regional planning provide an outstanding opportunity to help face the challenges of climate change. The sudden effect of flash floods, drought, salinity, and sea water rises causing saltwater intrusions and its impact on agricultural production are some of the disastrous results of climate change. In this edited volume, information on climate-induced impacts for flooding, flash floods, and drought impact on agricultural crops is provided to address possible solutions for food security in south Asia, southeast Asia, and some regions of Africa. Leading-edge research methodology is presented as it relates to remote sensing applications for regional science and allied fields. In regional policy planning, agriculture andforestry play key roles in food security along with environmental conservation and depend on geo-spatial variability. Satellite remote sensing and geographical information systems have an immense potential to encompass all these factors and to catalogue the regional variability of climate change and climate economics. In the satellite remote sensing domain, advanced modeling tools, deep learning applications, and cloud-based earth engines significantly increase the flexibility of decision making and its application for regional perspectives. The result can increase agricultural and forest productivity and ensure its resilience and sustainability. The book's chapters introduce modeling techniques such as machine learning and fuzzy expert system using satellite remote sensing datasets based on cloud application. These methods assist regional planners to increase crop production, land use, and detection of changes in land cover in order to better understand their vulnerability toclimate-related disaster. Furthermore, remote sensing and in-depth GIS analysis are integrated with machine learning to address natural uncertainties such as flash floods, droughts, and cyclones so that emergency responses for agricultural production management can be adopted more effectively.

This book presents ways of shaping the built environment sciences and practices for steering the New Urban Agenda in Zimbabwe. Attention to the built environment disciplines and practice is important because of their centrality to economic dynamism and sustainability of urban services. The reverse relationship is also true, because through provision of norms, aspirations, and guidelines; the New Urban Agenda helps in steering the built environment disciplines and practice. The book begins by exploring theoretical and conceptual material on the built environment concept. It recognizes that sub-Saharan African countries and Zimbabwe in particular are operating in a changing environment of rapid urbanization, unemployment, and inequality. Its premise is that the built environment sciences and practice can make a contribution to addressing sustainable development challenges through the introduction of innovations in infrastructure, institutions, and processes that enhance socio-economic growth and development. The book brings together scholarship from various disciplines in the built environment and presents sector initiatives such as those relating to curricula, smart technologies, and cutting-edge innovations in steering sustainable urban development.

This book focuses on the Frobenius theorem regarding a nonlinear simultaneous system. The Frobenius theorem is well known as a condition for a linear simultaneous system's having a nonnegative solution. Generally, however, the condition of a simultaneous system, including a non-linear system's having a nonnegative solution, is hardly discussed at all. This book, therefore, extends the conventional Frobenius theorem for nonlinear simultaneous systems for economic analysis. Almost all static optimization problems in economics involve nonlinear programing. Theoretical models in economics are described in the form of a simultaneous system resulting from the rational optimization behavior of households and enterprises. On the other hand, rational optimization behavior of households and enterprises is, mathematically speaking, expressed as nonlinear programing. For this reason it is important to understand the meaning of nonlinear programing. Because this book includes explanations of the relations among various restrictions in a nonlinear programing systematically and clearly, this book is suitable for students in graduate school programs in economics.

This book explores the effects of climate on tourism and the effectiveness of climate adaptation in this sector. Taking into account the spatial dimension of tourism and climate change, it highlights the need for more detailed information, the weak interaction between stakeholders, and the limitation of resources in the context of rapid changes, brought on by the necessary implementation of the third-order stage of tourism. The book focuses on adaptation, mitigation, and resilience to climate change, including topics such as human thermal comfort of visitors, the water resources in tourism areas, the circular economy, the mobility and transports, the psychological aspects of weather and climate in recreational practices. The book concludes an assessment of the status, challenges, and prospects for the adaptation of the tourism sector to climate change. The book appeals to scholars and students of economic geography, regional and spatial science, tourism economics, and related fields.

This book discusses current trends, challenges, and opportunities in the fields of business, hospitality, and tourism, particularly in Eastern Europe. Featuring selected papers presented at the second annual Modern Trends in Business Hospitality and Tourism International Conference held in Cluj-Napoca, Romania in 2023, the enclosed chapters explore the global marketing environment discussing the latest technological, economic and social-cultural developments. Featuring theoretical and empirical research and real-life case studies, this book explores topics such as global capital markets and investment financing post COVID-19, sustainable business models, financing alternatives for SMEs, corporate governance, human capital leadership, among others. It is appropriate for academics, researchers, scholars and practitioners in the areas of business, hospitality and tourism.

This book critically discusses the historical backgrounds and new developments of the theories of games, decisions, and markets, with many possible applications to social and economic problems. Consisting of three connected parts, the book sheds new light on the role of merchants in the market economy under conditions of risk and uncertainty. Part I begins with the question of why and how John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern did joint work in game theory, namely, the theoretical study of strategic interactions among several decision makers. The duel between Sherlock Holmes and Professor Moriarty in Conan Doyle's famous detective story is recalled as a great inducement to Neumann and Morgenstern to invent zero-sum, two-person games. More general non-zero-sum games and associated Nash solutions are then discussed in relation to the generation-gap problem between a young couple and an elderly couple. Part II explores a set of very fundamental problems of individual decision making. Thetwo famous axioms of revealed preference ― Samuelson's weak axiom and Houthakker's axiom ― are skillfully connected and empirically reevaluated by the introduction of certain regularity conditions. The revealed preference approach is then extended from the original commodity space to the dual price space. Such dual treatment in microeconomics is further applied to the theory of cost and production, with the decomposition of the total factor price effect into the substitution and scale effects. Part III turns the reader's attention to the interdependence of several markets. The almost forgotten Hicks–Morishima approach is newly revived with graphical illustrations of traded goods. The well-known Jones–Kemp approach to international trade is boldly expanded into the world of risk and uncertainty. Some striking results in comparative static analysis are derived, with favorable implications for the real world.

This book develops spatial interaction models for the analysis of human interaction within space, in terms of both accessibility and land use. Presenting case studies on the Azores and Morocco, it covers applications in various regions of Europe and Africa. The respective models simulate land use, employment, households, commuting and shopping movements and land values, employment distribution for basic activities, changes in accessibility, and changes in land suitability due to climate change.This book will appeal to scholars and students of regional and spatial science, ecological economics, and agricultural economics, as well as to spatial planners and practitioners dealing with issues of spatial planning to address such problems as unsustainable land use, adaptation to climate change, desertification of rural areas heavily dependent on land use, and the impacts of external shocks on land and property values.

This book presents research in the field of housing and urban analysis in Japan. It features carefully selected English translations of peer-reviewed articles published in journals in Japan, especially by authors involved in the laboratory supervised by Professor Yasushi Asami. The topics covered include economic analysis of the housing market, analyses of residential environment and human behaviour/psychology, analyses related to urban policies such as intermunicipal cooperation, teleworking and solar photovoltaics installation, spatial analyses of urban entities and effective visualization. Housing and urban analysis has developed using theory and methods in the fields of economics, regional science, geography, statistics, spatial psychology and urban sociology. Even though the methods of analysis differ from chapter to chapter, the ultimate goal of the research is the same. Namely, the target of the research is a better understanding of urban phenomena and effective improvement of urban space and society. The academic contributions in this collection of work are helpful for academics, practitioners and policy makers not only in Japan but also in other Asian countries.

This book provides readers with an analysis of econometric methods using statistical information to examine actual aspects of Japan's regional economy. Beginning with ways of ascertaining the economy of a region's production factors, the book describes methods for creating new data using various regional statistical data that link regions within prefectures.The topics addressed here are some of the most pressing issues in Japan's regional economy. These include economic ripple effects due to social capital and public investment, economic evaluation of the environment for sustainable growth, the impacts of overtourism congestion phenomenon, and the measurement of the total fertility rate of female employees in industry.The book provides a way to comprehend the actual conditions of Japan's regions and the level of regional economic sectoral effects and regional externalities—an analytical method to obtain the information required for policy making. Combining socially related fields on a wide range of issues in Japan's regional economy, the detailed studies are aimed especially at researchers and policymakers working on econometric analysis research based on economic theory.

This book discusses the cutting-edge intersection of Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) and research on building occupants. It presents an innovative way of using IVR to revolutionise the comprehension of human-dimension responses to indoor built environments. A robust, innovative, and sequential protocol is defined and validated with a Virtual Environment against a real-world counterpart to provide readers with methodological approaches suitable for carrying out rigorous experimental research in building occupant research. This comprehensive guide provides also practical applications of the proposed guidelines to show the potential and effectiveness of IVR for conducting studies in different indoor environmental conditions in a multi-sensory approach. The book serves as a resource for researchers who want to exploit the full potential of VR in collecting reliable data useful for understanding human dimensions within built environments.

This annual report presents an overview of the development of China's special economic zones in 2021, including reform pilot zones and some new special zones, from the perspective of the overall national development strategic planning. It takes the development status, comparative analysis and policy suggestions of the special zones as the starting point, summarizes and analyzes the transformation problems, carbon production and sustainable development problems, scientific and technological innovation problems, socialsecurity problems, employment service problems, financial system reform problems, cultural industry problems, and puts forward suggestions for development.

Over the past thirty years, urban economic theory has been one of the most active areas of urban and regional economic research. Just as static general equilibrium theory is at the core of modern microeconomics, so is the topic of this book - the static allocation of resources within a city and between cities - at the core of urban economic theory. An Essay on Urban Economic Theory well reflects the state of the field. Part I provides an elegant, coherent, and rigorous presentation of several variants of the monocentric (city) model - as the centerpiece of urban economic theory - treating equilibrium, optimum, and comparative statistics. Part II explores less familiar and even some uncharted territory. The monocentric model looks at a single city in isolation, taking as given a central business district surrounded by residences. Part II, in contrast, makes the intra-urban location of residential and non-residential activity the outcome of the fundamental tradeoff between the propensity to interact and the aversion to crowding; the resulting pattern of agglomeration may be polycentric. Part II also develops models of an urbanized economy with trade between specialized cities and examines how the market-determined size distribution of cities differs from the optimum. This book launches a new series, Advances in Urban and Regional Economics. The series aims to provide an outlet for longer scholarly works dealing with topics in urban and regional economics.

This book offers new insights into the wider socioeconomic impacts of high-speed rail (HSR). Over the past few decades, significant investments have been made in these systems around the world. The use of public funds for the construction of high-speed rail offers a range of benefits, such as time savings, increased comfort, and reduced traffic congestion, as well as broader economic benefits, including the advancement of less developed regions. These proceedings feature papers presented at the 2nd International Workshop on the Socioeconomic Impacts of High-Speed Rail. The focus is on HSR's impacts on equity and integration, the land use system, productivity, the environment, the tourism industry, and cooperation and integration with other modes of transport. The book provides an overview of the current state of practice from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. Consequently, it will be of interest to scholars of transportation economics and related fields, as well as transportation industry professionals.

This book examines regional structural challenges on Colombia's path to sustainable social cohesion and regionally inclusive growth. These challenges can be divided into three main groups: (i) those that focus on competitiveness and the supply side, (ii) those that arise from critical business cycle issues on the demand side, and (iii) those concerning environmental sustainability, employment and social inclusion. The contributions, written by experts on Latin American economics and regional science, apply quantitative simulations based on a unified general equilibrium framework and address a wide range of topics, including: Colombia's competitive integration in global markets, human capital profiles, regional economic disparities and public and private mechanisms of interregional income transfer. The challenges entailed by such high-profile and long-term issues as productivity growth and climate change are also analyzed. In addition, the book positions Colombia's experiences in an international comparative context. It argues that many other Latin American countries face similar challenges and provide evidence to substantiate this claim. By doing so, it offers valuable policy lessons for Latin American countries with similar difficulties.

This monograph assesses the intersections between social tipping points (STP), a relatively understudied social-ecological concept, and various public policy concepts, such as governance, state capacity and resilience of the state and non-state actors, all within the context of the EU Eastern and Southern periphery. This unique approach is subsequently embodied in the newly created conceptual framework of how the STPs are governed and analyzed using three case studies. The goal is to examine how various state and non-state actors (transnational, private, and local) have managed to navigate the STPs triggered by migration, climate change, and geopolitics. The multi-level governance of STPs is studied within the context of the EU periphery, thus spatial and geographical determinants of the resilience are analyzed as well.

This book is the first comprehensive presentation of a Kaiyu Markov model with covariates and a multivariate Poisson model with competitive destinations. These two models are core techniques when the authors and colleagues conduct their Kaiyu studies. The two models are usually used to forecast the effects of specific urban redevelopment on both the number of visitors and consumer shop-around or Kaiyu movements. Their Kaiyu studies originated from the constructions of a Kaiyu Markov model and the disaggregated hierarchical decision Huff model almost simultaneously around the early 1980s. This book retrospectively reviews how these models have evolved from the start to the present state, and previews the ongoing efforts to make further extensions of these models. The extension of the Huff model started from the disaggregated hierarchical decision Huff model with shop-arounds. In retrospect, the model formulated the consumer's simultaneous choice of destinations as a joint probability. The mechanism to determine this joint probability was a recursive conditional probability system. Now the Huff model has shifted from joint probability to multivariate frequency Poisson with competitive destinations. On the other hand, the Kaiyu Markov model started from a descriptive model. Because it cannot forecast changes in shop-arounds or consumer Kaiyu behaviors, the Kaiyu Markov model with covariates was developed in which entrance and shop-around choice probabilities are explained by the respective two logit models with covariates such as distances and shop-floor areas. The noticeable point is that it can explain consumers'probability of quitting their shop-arounds. Thus, the model enables one to evaluate the effects of urban revitalization policy that promotes consumers'shop-arounds or Kaiyu behaviors. Furthermore, if the Kaiyu Markov model can estimate the actual numbers of flows of consumers'shop-arounds among shopping sites, the corresponding money flows also can be estimated as economic effects. This book discusses from scratch the evolution of all these topics. Thus this book provides the basics of the Kaiyu Markov model, a tutorial for the theory and estimation of the conditional logit model, and a chapter serving as a practical research manual for forecasting changes caused by urban development based on consumers'Kaiyu behaviors.

This book addresses the use of existing and emerging electronic payment technologies within a smart city in the context of the clear and proven value these systems have demonstrated in improving transportation. It addresses such question as How does the toll gantry work? How does it read the transponder tag and deduct the correct amount? How do cities harness the transaction data from mass transit to better meet the demand during peak hours? What can city planners do to make trip scheduling and payments seamless, so commuters can go from park-and-ride to mass transit to ride-share with a single payment platform? The volume is technical in nature and describes solid technical solutions to engineers and planners associated with smart cities initiatives. It is specifically designed to support smart city designers and engineers as they develop strategies that incorporate the latest payment system technologies. It will also be of value to private sector payment systems solution providers looking to deliver their products and services to smart cities. In addition, the book supplements technical perspectives with guidance on planning and implementation. For example, it defines procurement approaches for emerging technologies such as crypto currencies and block chain. Rounding out technical detail with advice on policy and the organizational framework required to underpin the technologies, the book delivers practical support to smart city technical practitioners. It further stands as an appropriate text for university courses associated with smart city planning, operations, and urban analytics. This book explores these questions and provides answers that a typical transportation planner can follow. It covers technology topics such as RFID (Radio Frequency ID), ETC (Electronic Toll collection), and ANPR (Automatic Number Plate Recognition). The book also delves into how contactless payment (Near-Field) technologies can be used in a smart city. Blockchain is introduced as a platform that is suitable for solving the problem of payment segregation and shows how the entities in a smart city can work together to provide a seamless payment solution for riders across different modes of transport. The book also covers some theoretical concepts of congestion pricing which students at the university level can apply to city planning projects and research into smart cities. Several examples of US-based and international smart city implementations are provided in the closing chapters which demonstrate new, innovative smart city techniques for the transportation planner.

Dieser Sammelband stellt die Urbane Produktion als wesentlichen Bestandteil der Produktiven Stadt vor. Er gibt einen Überblick zu Ideengeschichten, aktuellen Diskussionen, Konzepten, Definitionen, Messbarkeit, Relevanz und Potenzialen von Produktionsprozessen im urbanen Raum. Dabei werden notwendige Rahmenbedingungen und deren Wirkungen zum Erhalt und zur Förderung Urbaner Produktion betrachtet.Der Mehrwert des Bandes liegt unter anderem darin, dass auf der einen Seite Herausforderungen und Lösungsmöglichkeiten aus verschiedenen Perspektiven vorgestellt werden, diese aber auf der anderen Seite nach verschiedenen räumlichen Planungsebenen bis hin zur Objekt- bzw. Immobilien-Ebene differenziert werden. Um die Produktive Stadt zu sichern und zu erweitern, bedarf es inter- und transdisziplinärer Bemühungen.Somit diskutieren WissenschaftlerInnen aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen (Architektur, Maschinenbau, Stadt- und Raumplanung, Stadt- und Immobilienökonomie, Planungsrecht) die Herausforderungen und Potenziale und unterlegen sie mit Beispielen von gelungenen (Re-) Integrationen der Produktion in die Stadt.Das Buch richtet sich sowohl an Studierende, WissenschaftlerInnen als auch StadtplanerInnen und PraktikerInnen aus Architektur, Immobilien-, Stadt- und Unternehmensentwicklung, Planungs- und Bauordnungsrecht sowie Wirtschaftsförderung.

This book explores the role of the cultural and creative industries (CCIs) as drivers of local economic development. More specifically, it builds on two novel perspectives in order to interpret the phenomenon. First, despite the general recognition that CCIs are innovative economic actors, their creative output is heterogeneous, as CCIs consist of extremely diverse industries, and the concept of innovation differs from sector to sector. Second, CCIs'creativity is locally rooted, as the context provides innovative inputs for the development of creative ideas, binding creativity with well-established theories of the regional innovation literature. The book explores these new perspectives through a novel database on CCIs'innovation at a fine industrial and regional scale.Building on these two ideas, the book is subdivided into three parts. In the first, a novel definition of creativity in CCIs is developed in which its heterogeneity and place-based nature are at the core. In turn, the second part addresses the phenomenon of localization choices in CCIs, highlighting their heterogeneous innovativeness and the filière which they belong to as key dimensions for the analysis. In the third part, the impact of CCIs on economic growth is explored. This book offers new evidence on the conditions under which CCIs cluster in space and stimulate development. It appeals to scholars in regional science, cultural economics and related fields, as well as policymakers and practitioners working in the cultural and creative industries.

This book is an innovative exercise to unravel recent advances in development fundamentals in emerging economies through Indian lens that include various aspects of macroeconomics, international trade, finance, and issues connected to social sector that have become more important in post-pandemic world. The book throws light on efficacy of existing policies and need of reform in policy framework to enhance growth and development and reduce gender disparities in the context of India and other emerging economies. The papers included in different chapters use frontline techniques to discuss various issues that in turn will be of great help for graduate and postgraduate teaching as well as for research. The book substantially contributes to the growing literature on issues relating trade, development, finance, and social sector in light of threat posed by COVID-19 pandemic in emerging market economies and extends the frontiers of knowledge.

This book explores the advantages of a linear model of planning in reducing regional inequalities. Linear planning, commonly discussed in the past as a method which plans the development of the city, is completely redefined here in the form of a design approach inspired by projects shaped by linear routes, such as cycle or walking paths. Such concept is applied to the urgent topic of territorial marginality which specifically neglects rural and mountainous areas and recently is coped by European and National policies. The analysis of these policies demonstrates the necessity of alternative strategies equipped to deal with both the internal and external causes that determine the critical conditions in these fragile environments. By implementing the concept of linear planning in these contexts, this book proposes to enlarge the perspective of traditional policies contrasting the regional inequalities that usually determine the design of projects just within the boundaries of the marginal areas. Cycle and walking paths are experimental cases of linear planning as they have not been influenced or formed by political boundaries and therefore are able to equally involve both the central and marginal zones. This book presents a review of current issues such as regional inequalities, with attention to their related policies, as well as an analysis of the concept of linear planning as seen through the study of one of the most famous cases of a walking path—the Way of St. James in Spain.

This book is the first coherent presentation of the latest research and practices concerned with how recent advances in mobile information and communication technology (ICT) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are utilized to enhance the value of the city and change the way that city planning and management are carried out. Its salient feature is the pursuit of the individual-oriented evaluative point of view regarding the city. This view considers the value of the city to be the total of visit-values individuals feel and appreciate when they visit the city. The visit-value is conceptualized as the intangible asset value of the attractiveness of the city that visitors form in their minds based on their experiences and activities in the city, transactions with city space, and communications with other people. Visitors to the city may well be quite heterogeneous individuals with different motives and preferences. Thus, to enhance the value of the city, quite different visit values of heterogeneous individuals should be enhanced simultaneously, which necessitates the use of ICT and IoT in living spaces. Based on this view, the city utilizing ICT and IoT to enhance the value of the city is called the social city. Whereas many other books deal with the impacts of the advances in mobile ICT on the city, they only discuss how these advances change the infrastructure of the city but do not discuss how these technological advances can be utilized to enhance the city's value. This book first develops the concept of the social city based on an individual micro-behavioral approach. Then, it presents the latest studies on technological components of the social city, such as the human-sensing technology for estimating individual behavior, decision making, and mood; the visualizing technology of the thermal 3-dimensional environment of the city; and the social-sensing technology using social networking service (SNS) for measuring and creating an atmosphere of city space. Finally,it envisages the future of the social city.

Dieses Buch untersucht die Vergangenheit, die Gegenwart und die Perspektiven der regionalen wirtschaftlichen Integration in Afrika. Die empirische Analyse reicht von Gewerkschaften, die in den Jahren nach der Unabhängigkeit gegründet wurden, bis hin zur vorgeschlagenen Afrikanischen Kontinentalen Freihandelszone (AfCFTA), die darauf abzielt, Handelsbarrieren zwischen allen 55 afrikanischen Staaten zu beseitigen. Darüber hinaus wird untersucht, inwieweit die regionalen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaften (RECs) Afrikas gemäß einem linearen Integrationsmodell der Güter-, Arbeits- und Kapitalmärkte vorangekommen sind. Das Buch bewertet anschließend die Eignung des europäischen Modells einer tiefgreifenden Integration mit kostspieligen Institutionen für die spezifischen Bedingungen Afrikas, wobei beispielsweise die Rolle des informellen und nicht erfassten Handels berücksichtigt wird. Um die Logik der wirtschaftlichen Integration zu untermauern, werden stilisierte Fälle regionaler Arbeitsteilung mit steigenden Erträgen und unvollkommenem Wettbewerb vorgestellt. Frühere und aktuelle wirtschaftspolitische Maßnahmen in Afrika werden unter die Lupe genommen, um die Frage zu beantworten, wie afrikanische Regionen neue Fertigungsindustrien und Wertschöpfungsketten auf dem gesamten Kontinent am besten fördern können. Abschließend skizziert das Buch Inhalt und Verfahren der gemeinsamen Industriepolitik in den afrikanischen Regionen. Das Buch befasst sich auch mit dem kontroversen Thema der internationalen Handelsabkommen zwischen Entwicklungsländern und der Europäischen Union oder den USA und untersucht, ob diese Abkommen die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in Afrika behindern oder fördern. Das Buch enthält einen detaillierten Fahrplan, in dem beschrieben wird, wie die Schlüsselklauseln der Abkommen über wirtschaftliche Partnerschaft im Interesse der afrikanischen Länder verbessert werden können. Abschließend wird eine neue Vision einer gemeinsamen nachhaltigen Entwicklung für Afrika und Europa skizziert.

China's urbanization has stunned the world in the past two decades- but as the authors of this book explain, the growth is only set to continue. The divide between urban and rural citizens in China implicates every aspect of Chinese life, from education to pollution to healthcare. In this book, one of China's most celebrated academic urbanists and a major urban planner collaborate in laying out and analyzing the problems of China's urban-rural divide, experiences of urbanization, and what the future holds. This book is a must read, not only for the accurate summaries of China's developmental experience it includes, but also for the insights it provides into the mentalities of the government officials and private developers who are creating realities on the ground in Chinese cities.

This book is the second volume in a new series on'Great Minds in Regional Science,'which seeks to present a contemporary view on the scientific relevance of the work done by great thinkers in regional science. This volume presents, among others, Adam Smith, Johann Heinrich von Thünen, and Alan Wilson. Each chapter combines factual biographical information about the ‘Great Mind,'a description of their major contributions, and a discussion of the broader context of their work, as well as an assessment of its current relevance, scientific recognition, and policy impact. The book attempts to fill a gap in our knowledge and to respond to the growing interest in the formation and development of the field of regional science and its key influential figures.

The book explores the uneven spatial distribution of territory resources and its implication for the sustainable development of regions and cities. The authors analyze the features of the localization of assets, paying attention to both the manifested factors and the conditions that determine the specificity of the current spatial organization. On the basis of multivariate analysis, gravity models, clustering method, as well as the evaluation of concentration parameters, the authors propose various approaches to systematize territorial units, paying special attention to the peculiarities of their economic structure, resource diffusion barriers, and quality of life parameters. The obtained results indicate the need for a differentiated approach in the choice of guidelines for the transformation of the socio-economic space, allowing the researchers to propose various transformation models for differing regions. Thus, this book presents spatial organization models for different regional economies, highlighting various approaches to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and reducing inequality. The book seeks to balance the benefits of polarized development with the need to avoid significant interregional disparities. At the same time, the book offers various solutions for differentiating territories, distinguishing different spatial elements, and determining the most appropriate transformation options. The results obtained may be of interest to scholars in regional and spatial science as well as to professionals in the field of territorial development management.

This book presents advanced research in a relatively new field of scholarly inquiry that is usually referred to as dynamic network user equilibrium, now almost universally abbreviated as DUE. It provides the first synthesis of results obtained over the last decade from applying the differential variational inequality (DVI) formalism to study the DUE problem. In particular, it explores the intimately related problem of dynamic network loading, which determines the arc flows and effective travel delays (or generalized travel costs) arising from the expression of departure rates at the origins of commuter trips between the workplace and home. In particular, the authors show that dynamic network loading with spillback of queues into upstream arcs may be formulated as a differential algebraic equation system. They demonstrate how the dynamic network loading problem and the dynamic traffic user equilibrium problem may be solved simultaneously rather than sequentially, as well as how the first-in-first-out queue discipline may be maintained for each when Lighthill-Whitham-Richardson traffic flow theory is used. A number of recent and new extensions of the DVI-based theory of DUE and corresponding examples are presented and discussed. Relevant mathematical background material is provided to make the book as accessible as possible.

This book explains the roles of the industrial location in vitalizing regional economies in various economic environments created due to the progress of globalization. Here, this book elucidates the impact of industrial location and locational factors on regional economies. It clarifies the effects on industrial location of regulations and corporate tax. And the book explains the regional economic influence of the employment and agglomeration that are factors influencing the location. It also focuses on some countries and examines the relationships between the industrial location and the vitalization of regional economy in each country. This analysis covers the automotive and high-tech industries in the northeastern region of China, the impact of urban systems on regional development in the Philippines, and firms in revitalization in the northern region of Sweden. And it reveals achievements and challenges in each region. Finally, the book clarifies that the level of achievement inregional development is related to the educational environment. It also suggests that the industrial composition of a region is influenced by the level of regional cooperation with other regions. The analyses in the book show that a region must select the industries that match its newly emerged regional characteristics for vitalization.

This book investigates policies for the promotion of housing affordability in the rental sector of attractive cities in Europe. Affordability links the housing situation to the economic situation of households, referring to conditions of access to housing and to the role of housing in determining poverty or wealth. The book examines the current affordability crisis and frames it in the ongoing process of urban restructuring and devolution of welfare. From the perspective of the Foundational Economy, the book calls for a proactive and effective role of public administrations in making the rental sector an affordable and stable alternative to housing financialization and commodification. By intertwining theory construction and real-world data collected through case studies in Milan and Vienna, the book provides an original framework for the analysis of public policies that promote rental affordability in a multi-level setting. Through the analysis, it highlights critical nodes of thedifferent (housing, urban, and social) policy domains at stake in the promotion of rental affordability in attractive cities. The book proposes a shift from the currently dominant supply-side argument to an integrated, intersectoral and multi-scalar policy system for making cities more affordable.

This edited volume delves into the intricate challenges that cities face in the midst of evolving socio-political, economic, and environmental landscapes. With a focus on inclusivity and diversity, the book thoroughly examines the transformation of urban systems and their manifestations within broader spatial contexts. Employing a trans- and interdisciplinary approach, the editors have strategically curated diverse research clusters to address key aspects of inclusive urban transformation from multiple perspectives. These clusters explore alternative paradigms for sustainable urban transformation, the dynamics of city regions, inclusive tourism development, the de-contestation of urban heritage to diversify urban identities, and inclusive intersectional city-making practices. By fostering collaboration and cross-pollination among these clusters, the volume fosters a transdisciplinary understanding of inclusive and sustainable urban transformation, facilitating the development of more holistic approaches in conceptualizing and promoting inclusive urban theory and praxis.

Betriebsansiedelungen stehen in Österreich zunehmend in der Kritik. Zwar werden sie als wertvoll und wichtig für die Sicherung des regionalen Wohlstands angesehen, dennoch führen sie oft zu Anwohnerprotesten und -beschwerden. Dieses Buch untersucht, ob sich Betriebsansiedelungen in der Tat negativ auf die Lebensqualität der Anwohner auswirken. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf einer Literaturanalyse, einer qualitativen Expertenbefragung und einer quantitativen Längsschnitterhebung in vier Gemeinden Oberösterreichs. Die bislang weder in der regionalen Wirtschafts- und Standortpolitik noch in der Forschung näher beachteten Bereiche der Umwelt- und Architekturpsychologie sind dabei wichtige Bestandteile der Untersuchung. Die Ergebnisse liefern wertvolle Impulse für eine nachhaltige gewerbliche Standortentwicklung, auch außerhalb Österreichs.

This book gives readers advanced insights into macroeconomics with historical perspectives and proposes policies to resolve the problems the Japanese economy faces. In the past decade, Japan has experienced a rapidly aging population with an ever-decreasing number of children. This causes significant problems related to macroeconomics covered by this book: a decreasing population, an increasing public debt, an increasing social security expenditure, and deteriorating labor productivity. Thus, the government must change the course it has followed until now. These problems can be categorized into two types: (1) human capital and (2) political institutions. The book therefore consists of two parts. The first, using a macroeconomic model, is mainly a discussion of health and education problems related to human capital. The second part deals with policy problems related to political institutions, that is, the intergenerational imbalance, preventive medicine, local public utilities, and other political issues. Through the arguments presented here, readers gain knowledge that will help to achieve the necessary economic policies in Japan.

Healing the economic and social wounds inflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic will take time, but the long road to recovery presents a unique opportunity to build back better. To catalyze change and succeed in the post-pandemic era, economic development policy and practice must see the crisis as an opportunity to rethink and redesign regional economic systems. This will involve creating a shared understanding of – and policies to address – the differential impacts of the pandemic across occupations, industries, and socioeconomic groups.Rethinking how existing economic development tools, frameworks, and practices can be optimized has never been more compelling. Special attention must be given to interventions capable of accelerating desirable trends that will shape the next normal in our contemporary discussions on the COVID-19 pandemic. This book explores the challenges and opportunities heralded by the virus in the broadest sense and presents case studies on equitable and inclusive economic recoveries.Regional Economic Systems after COVID-19 offers actionable insights for regional policymakers, business leaders, investment and trade promotion agencies, site selectors, students, scholars, researchers, and organizations involved in tourism, foreign direct investment, and economic development.

The climate is changing, bringing with it increasing natural disasters around the world. The progress of societies lies in their ability to adapt to the new climatic conditions. Effective climate-adaptation strategies must be based in the sound analysis of the costs of the disasters, as well as the potential benefits and beneficiaries of adaptation strategies. This book offers an appraisal method to capture the total economic costs of flooding events: the Multiregional Flood Footprint Analysis. It captures the economic costs directly caused by physical destruction, and disruptive implications in production propagated through inter-industrial linkages in the current context of a global economy. The proposed method uses the fundamentals of the Input-Output analysis (IOA) in a multiregional dimension. It concludes that damages from natural disasters in one part of the globe may affect many economic sectors in the rest of the world, increasing the need for global adaptation strategies.

Dieses Buch untersucht, warum österreichische Ökonomen es versäumen, den Rahmen der spontanen Ordnung auf kooperative Beziehungen – wie einen dynamischen und sich entwickelnden öffentlichen Sektor – anzuwenden, die einen florierenden Markt ergänzen könnten. Als direkte Antwort auf Israel Kirzners'The Driving Force of the Market'stellt sie die traditionelle österreichische Wirtschaftswissenschaft infrage, indem sie die demokratische Prozesstheorie als Parallele zur Marktprozesstheorie vorschlägt und die Möglichkeiten einer Wirtschaftsorganisation aufzeigt, die sich die Kraft einer transparenten und effektiven Demokratie zunutze macht. Unter Berücksichtigung der zentralen Probleme, die in sozialistischen und kapitalistischen Ländern aufgrund eigennütziger politischer und wirtschaftlicher Akteure aufgetreten sind, hebt'Die treibende Kraft des Kollektivs'die Vorteile des öffentlichen Sektors hervor, die sich daraus ergeben, dass sich Kultur und Institutionen endogen als spontane Ordnung des öffentlichen Sektors entwickeln können

Kann digitale Transformation im ländlichen Raum als Chance zur Verbesserung gleichwertiger Lebensverhältnisse genutzt werden? Anhand von drei bayerischen Modellregionen wurden in zahlreichen Handlungsfeldern – z.B. Gesundheit und Pflege, Mobilität, Kirche, Arbeiten, Schule und Bildung - digitale Lösungen gemeinsam mit Betroffenen entwickelt, eingeführt und getestet. Aufgrund des ganzheitlichen Projektfokus sind „Living Labs“ entstanden, die Synergien, Potentiale, aber auch Herausforderungen deutlich machen und zeigen, dass ländliche Räume eigene Anforderungen haben, die sich maßgeblich von „Smart Cities“ unterscheiden.