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Silence always has something to say – it's never neutral and speaks volumes if people are willing to hear. Our response to silence is often to dismiss or end it, to block it out with noise. Instead, silence needs to be taken seriously. This book explores the importance of understanding silence and shows how we can move from merely listening to truly hearing those around us.The interplay of voice and silence in organisational life is not straightforward. We can feel pressured to speak and compelled to keep our silence. Knowing how to read silence, to make sense of its generative and degenerative capacity, is a rarely developed skill among managers and leaders at all levels – who have been brought up to see silence as evidence of compliance or a weakness to be addressed. But it is a critical skill for managers and employees alike. Written by two experts in organisational development, this book explores different types of silence and their implications for organisational practice, digging into the theoretical roots and engaging with real stories and voices. It provides everyone at work with an understanding of the different meanings of silence and how to engage well with it. When to stay with it, when to join in with it, and when to be struck by what's not being said and do something about it.The Great Unheard at Work is essential reading for corporate leaders, HR professionals in all sectors, business students, professionals, and anyone interested in leadership development.

This new book aims at inspiring managers and passionate, influential (new) leaders to re-think how to address communication markets, challenge the way how to orchestrate communication instruments, find new ways to communicate the New, and cultivate a positive communication culture. Leadership communication is a critical success factor of senior management teams and (new) leaders (game changer, pioneers) in the digital and human age to better interact and connect with others; drive innovation and adoption processes; and empower young minds with joy, abundance, and wisdom. In the classical view, leadership communication is part of management communication which means leaders primarily use instruments focusing on teams, presentations, and negotiations. In the modern view, however, new leadership communication also encompasses social media and innovation communication. It dives deeper into ground rules for effective leadership communication and key themes, such as virtual communication,innovation and leadership, and communication model innovation. Be the inspiration! Become a new leader and shape the world.

Listening is so simple, yet so difficult. Many times, listening is taken for granted. One could therefore say that listening is the forgotten part of communication. Although organizations have more digital and analog communication channels than ever, too little time is spent listening to customers, employees, and other influential groups. It is a shame that listening is not given more attention, as it is linked to many positive values. Examples include better conversations, increased trust and confidence, more outstanding commitment and job satisfaction, lower absenteeism due to illness, higher productivity and quality of work, increased sales, better relationships with customers and employees, and many other positive effects. To the extent that listening takes place, organizations rarely take a holistic approach to it. Strategic listening means a given objective for listening, thoughts about who should listen, when it should happen, and so on. An organization's listening must become a strategic issue to exploit the great potential of increased listening. This book provides answers to the following: Why is listening important? What are the barriers to listening? How can both individuals and organizations become better at listening? How can organizations develop strategic listening skills? How does one build a system to improve an organization's strategic listening?

This book is for cybersecurity leaders across all industries and organizations. It is intended to bridge the gap between the data center and the board room. This book examines the multitude of communication challenges that CISOs are faced with every day and provides practical tools to identify your audience, tailor your message and master the art of communicating. Poor communication is one of the top reasons that CISOs fail in their roles. By taking the step to work on your communication and soft skills (the two go hand-in-hand), you will hopefully never join their ranks. This is not a “communication theory” book. It provides just enough practical skills and techniques for security leaders to get the job done. Learn fundamental communication skills and how to apply them to day-to-day challenges like communicating with your peers, your team, business leaders and the board of directors. Learn how to produce meaningful metrics and communicate before, during and after an incident. Regardless of your role in Tech, you will find something of value somewhere along the way in this book.

People are conditioned culturally from an early age, with each of us developing a set of values and behaviors that differ from those in other parts of the world. When adopting Agile, do cultural behaviors and values prevail, or is there a universal “Agile culture”? How have people from different cultures adopted Agile to suit them? Are some cultures naturally more suited to adopting Agile than others? Adopting Agile Across Borders answers all of that and more. Teams in all industries are more globally distributed and diverse than ever. Authors Glaudia Califano and David Spinks reveal how people across the world have embraced Agile values alongside their own cultural values, and what this means for the adoption of Agile. In Adopting Agile Across Borders, a rich array of experiences are shared through real-life stories told by members of the global Agile community. Whether you are an Agile practitioner, a product manager, HR personnel, or simply someoneinterested in leading people more effectively, this book provides essential teamwork insights across the board. Califano and Spinks showcase case studies from around the world to address the opportunities provided by ever greater mobility and advances in technology. Adopting Agile Across Borders is here to ready you for a diverse, more connected future.What You Will LearnGain an awareness and understanding of different cultural types, behaviours, and communication styles See how diversity spans a much wider set of factors than nationality, race, and genderDiscover how multi-cultural Agile teams can reach high-performing states by acknowledging their diversity and finding ways to better integrate with one anotherWho This Book Is ForAgile practitioners, scrum masters, Agile coaches, product owners, team members, product managers, and anyone responsible for, or interestedin, leading people.

Why are some work partnerships exceptional while most are not? How can we establish and sustain an enhanced level of cohesion, connection, and collaboration in the most important work relationship, the one between a manager and team? What could remedy the high levels of isolation and anxiety so many feel at work these days?Silver and Franz explore the concept of ‘meaningful partnership'in the workplace. They present meaningful partnership as a mindset where both leaders and their teams are fully committed to ensuring the support and success of the other. Then, they describe a model called ERTAP, which stands for Empathy, Respect, Trust, Alignment, and Partnership, which is the foundation for meaningful partnership. Finally, they detail a practical yet transformative relationship-building process referred to as the Workplace Covenant. This enables leaders and teams to create mutual commitments with obligatory weight that help them to feel accountable for the success of the relationship and each other.The book includes real client stories that illustrate the dimensions of partnership and the Workplace Covenant process. Silver and Franz also outline other work relationships that can benefit from meaningful partnership, pitfalls to avoid, relevant research, and insights derived from years of consulting experience.This book is a must-read for leaders interested in a better working relationship with their team; for teams who have critical work partnerships with other teams; for individuals who work closely with other individuals and need an exceptional 1:1 partnership; and finally for third-party experts in HR or continuous improvement who are seeking a new powerful way to help clients feel supported and be more successful.

An expert on the psychology of decision making at Berkeley's Haas School of Business helps readers calibrate their confidence, arguing that some confidence is good, but overconfidence can hinder growth.A surge of confidence can feel fantastic—offering a rush of energy, even a dazzling vision of the future. It can give us courage and bolster our determination when facing adversity. But if that self-assurance leads us to pursue impossible goals, it can waste time, money, and energy. Self-help books and motivational speakers tell us that the more confident we are, the better. But this way of thinking can lead to enormous trouble.Decades of research demonstrates that we often have an over-inflated sense of self and are rarely as good as we believe. Perfectly Confident is the first book to bring together the best psychological and economic studies to explain exactly what confidence is, when it can be helpful, and when it can be destructive in our lives. Confidence is an attitude that takes into account both personal feelings and the facts. Don Moore identifies the ways confidence behaves in real life and raises thought-provoking questions. How optimistic should you be about an uncertain future? What justifies your confidence in something amorphous and subjective like your attractiveness or sense of humor? Moore reminds us that the key to success is to avoid being both over- and under-confident. In this essential guide, he shows how to become perfectly confident—how to strive for and maintain the well-calibrated, adaptive confidence that can elevate all areas of our lives.

Changes in the global economy bring new dynamics, concepts, and implications that require digitalization and adaptation. The new “normal” has changed, and companies must adopt such strategies if they want to survive in the ever-changing business environments. Business Management and Communication Perspectives in Industry 4.0 is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the planning, implementing, and evaluating of strategies for the new industry standards. While highlighting topics such as artificial intelligence, digital leadership, and management science, this publication theorizes about tomorrow's business and communication environments based on the past and present of the concepts. This book is ideally designed for managers, researchers, educators, students, professionals, and policymakers seeking current research on blending managerial and communicational concepts with a multidisciplinary approach.

This volume brings together two hitherto disparate domains of scholarly inquiry: organization and management studies on the one hand, and the study of visual and multimodal communication on the other. Within organization and management studies it has been recognized that organizational reality and communication are becoming increasingly visual, and, more generally, multimodal, whether in digital form or otherwise. Within multimodality studies it has been noted that many forms of contemporary communication are deeply influenced by organizational and managerial communication, as formerly formal and bureaucratic types of communication increasingly adopt promotional language and multimodal document presentation.Visual and Multimodal Research in Organization and Management Studies integrates these two domains of research in a way that will benefit both. In particular, it conceptually and empirically connects recent insights from visual and multimodality studies to ongoing discussions in organization and management theory. Throughout, the book shows how a visual/multimodal lens enriches and extends what we already know about organization, organizations, and practices of organizing, but also how concepts from organization and management studies can be highly productive in further developing insights on visual and multimodal communication.Due to its essentially interdisciplinary objectives, the book will prove inspiring for academics and scholars of management, the sociology of organizations as well as related disciplines such as applied linguistics and visual studies.

There is a growing interaction between companies and countries, illustrated by a constant flow of trade, capital, and work. With the rapid emergence of other countries with sufficient potential to join the globalization process, it is necessary to provide techniques for managerial planning, organization, and control in an international context. Managerial Competencies for Multinational Businesses is a collection of innovative research on the methods of leadership styles and skills required for managers to be successful in an international company. Highlighting a range of topics, including human resource management, industrial relations, and international careers, this book is ideally designed for senior managers, business professionals, team leaders, and human resource managers seeking current research on the key aspects of managing a company in a developing globalized market.

As communication and leadership skills are both essential for personal and organizational success, new approaches and management styles are continuously being sought. Emerging technologies, automation opportunities, and a diverse workforce are just a few of the challenges business professionals must be prepared for in today's workplace environment. The Handbook of Research on Strategic Communication, Leadership, and Conflict Management in Modern Organizations provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of managing and solving conflicts, and introduces updated approaches for refining communication and leadership skills. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as emotional intelligence, organizational crises, and virtual team management, this book is ideally designed for professionals, leaders, managers, and human resource specialists seeking current research on developing the skills and consciousness needed to effectively communicate, negotiate, and collaborate in diverse organizations.

Going beyond the message of Lean In and The Confidence Code, Gannett's Chief Content Officer contends that to achieve parity in the office, women don't have to change—men do—and in this inclusive and realistic handbook, offers solutions to help professionals solve gender gap issues and achieve parity at work.Companies with more women in senior leadership perform better by virtually every financial measure, and women employees help boost creativity and can temper risky behavior—such as the financial gambles behind the 2008 economic collapse. Yet in the United States, ninety-five percent of Fortune 500 chief executives are men, and women hold only seventeen percent of seats on corporate boards. More men are reaching across the gender divide, genuinely trying to reinvent the culture and transform the way we work together. Despite these good intentions, fumbles, missteps, frustration, and misunderstanding continue to inflict real and lasting damage on women's careers.What can the Enron scandal teach us about the way men and women communicate professionally? How does brain circuitry help explain men's fear of women's emotions at work? Why did Kimberly Clark blindly have an all-male team of executives in charge of their Kotex tampon line? In That's What She Said, veteran media executive Joanne Lipman raises these intriguing questions and more to find workable solutions that individual managers, organizations, and policy makers can employ to make work more equitable and rewarding for all professionals.Filled with illuminating anecdotes, data from the most recent relevant studies, and stories from Lipman's own journey to the top of a male-dominated industry, That's What She Said is a book about success that persuasively shows why empowering women as true equals is an essential goal for us all—and offers a roadmap for getting there.

The Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) model of leadership has shown that effective leader-follower relationships predict employee well-being and performance. Less research, however, addressed how diversity variables may affect the development of leader-member exchange and outcomes. This book moves the field forward by addressing the 21st century challenges of how diversity may impact the development of effective working relationships. Key trends in the workforce suggest that the impact of diverse employees will challenge a leader's ability to develop effective working relationships with all direct reports. New frameworks are needed to understand how various groups such as women, Hispanics, African Americans, Millennials, LGBTQ, and persons with Autism Spectrum Disorder develop effective working relationships with their supervisors This edited volume will bring together the top scholars in the field to address these segments of the workforce and offer practical advice for managers. This book will be used in college undergraduate and/or graduate level leadership classes. It might also be adopted for courses in managing diversity. Scholars will find the book a useful reference work. In addition, practicing managers will be interested in the implications of developing effective working relationships in diverse leader-member dyads.

True leadership is the most valuable commodity in the world- yet few really know how to attain it. This new edition of a much talked about executive and management self-development book offers a fresh approach to assessing and cultivating vital leadership skills in any organization. It is newly updated with creative self-assessment tools and an emphasis on leadership coaching and mentoring. It goes beyond the traditional to define the relationship between leadership performance and corporate performance optimization. Transforming Leadership introduces a new style of leadership-one that blends effective business practices with compassion and awareness-to help today's leaders develop and build what Anderson calls a''leadership organization''that will flourish in our ever-changing global marketplace. It shows you how to become a dynamic leader as well as prepares you to develop your colleagues'and employees leadership skills while you work with them. This is the kind of innovative, inside-out leadership that is sure to help any company meet the challenges that lie ahead.

The highlight of many peoples'daily lives is business, the act of communicating and exchanging, negotiating and transacting, of selling and buying. In business, while there is always potential for transaction, nothing happens until the business is explained or the deal is done. Communication is a central ingredient. In fact, good communication alone can constitute a business practice. It is certainly a social and informant activity which facilitates business interaction. However, the study of business communication produces as many questions as there are answers: “What was that order again?”; “How do I best advise my staff of this latest developments and the company's progress?”; “How do I work with the competition to better our sales?”; “How do I explain this?” The purpose of this book is to understand vital concepts of business communication in eight easy to read, but scholarly chapters. A-B-C: Analogues in Business Communication takes a fresh look at many of the issues that people face in the business world at any level today, including such questions as: “When and how to reduce uncertainty”; “What leads to credibility?” and making decisions, management, leadership and self-esteem; “When to use competition and co-operation?”; “What is selling?” and coping with information overload. Bringing together related concepts in business communication, this book aims to entertain and inform, showing that beneath the plethora of tasks that face us every day in the business world, there are a number of constants, which when understood in more depth, can make business communication easier at a conceptual level for anyone and everyone. Business is about efficiency, it is about suppliers meeting demand. In business, no one wants to take longer to accomplish something than he or she needs to; that is, good business communication saves time. But in order to save time, knowing how to navigate the salient concepts of the business environment is useful. Who has not heard the business aphorism to “make things happen!”? In order to “make things happen” you need to communicate, and you need to be able to understand the communication concerns of your business environment. This is the purpose of A-B-C: Analogues in Business Communication.

The genesis of this ebook was an invitation from Corporate Communication International for the Journal of Communication Management to sponsor a special panel last year at its annual conference. This ebook is a culmination of that process and represents a next step in the study of strategy in public relations, corporate communication, and communication management.

(COMPLETELY REVISED EDITION WITH A THIRD NEW CONTENT)Improve performance. Transform you career. Changes lives.Whether your team is in an office, on a field, in a classroom, or in your living room—have you ever thought they had more to give, but you weren't quite sure how to get it out of them? Have you ever wanted them to play up to their potential, but didn't quite know how to make it happen? Are you looking for that one new idea, that one simple strategy that will take your team's performance—and your career—to the next level? If so, The Weekly Coaching Conversation is definitely the book for you.Every once in a while a book like this comes along with a message so simple—yet so profound—it literally changes people's lives.In a story as inspiring as it is informative, bestselling author Brian Souza reveals the secrets to unleashing a person's potential by systematically improving his or her performance. Introducing a groundbreaking, yet simple-to-understand and easy-to-apply coaching framework that's backed by years of rigorous research, The Weekly Coaching Conversation gives managers and leaders the playbook to turbocharge any team's performance.

Behavioral strategy continues to attract increasing research interest within the broader field of strategic management. Research in behavioral strategy has clear scope for development in tandem with such traditional streams of strategy research that involve economics, markets, resources, and technology. The key roles of psychology, organizational behavior, and behavioral decision making in the theory and practice of strategy have yet to be comprehensively grasped. Given that strategic thinking and strategic decision making are importantly concerned with human cognition, human decisions, and human behavior, it makes eminent sense to bring some balance in the strategy field by complementing the extant emphasis on the “objective” economics-based view with substantive attention to the “subjective” individual-oriented perspective. This calls for more focused inquiries into the role and nature of the individual strategy actors, and their cognitions and behaviors, in the strategy research enterprise. For the purposes of this book series, behavioral strategy would be broadly construed as covering all aspects of the role of the strategy maker in the entire strategy field. The scholarship relating to behavioral strategy is widely believed to be dispersed in diverse literatures. These existing contributions that relate to behavioral strategy within the overall field of strategy has been known and perhaps valued by most scholars all along, but were not adequately appreciated or brought together as a coherent sub-field or as a distinct perspective of strategy. This book series on Research in Behavioral Strategy will cover the essential progress made thus far in this admittedly fragmented literature and elaborate upon fruitful streams of scholarship. More importantly, the book series will focus on providing a robust and comprehensive forum for the growing scholarship in behavioral strategy. In particular, the volumes in the series will cover new views of interdisciplinary theoretical frameworks and models (dealing with all behavioral aspects), significant practical problems of strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation, and emerging areas of inquiry. The series will also include comprehensive empirical studies of selected segments of business, economic, industrial, government, and non-profit activities with potential for wider application of behavioral strategy. Through the ongoing release of focused topical titles, this book series will seek to disseminate theoretical insights and practical management information that will enable interested professionals to gain a rigorous and comprehensive understanding of the subject of behavioral strategy. The Practice of Behavioral Strategy contains contributions by leading scholars in the field of behavioral strategy research. The 9 chapters in this volume cover a number of significant topics that speak to the practice perspectives on behavioral strategy, covering diverse topics such as M&A decision making in the high-tech sector, scenario thinking, business modeling, project-based organizations, fair trade market certification, and the movie and insurance industries. The chapters include empirical as well as conceptual treatments of the selected topics, and collectively present a wide-ranging review of the noteworthy research perspectives on the practice of behavioral strategy.

Business leaders control information, data, and feedback. How should that power be managed in this digital age and fast-paced, globalized economy? That important question is at the heart of The ART of Responsible Communication. This book serves as a how-to guide for executives and emerging business leaders across multiple industries and a full spectrum of functional disciplines. The ART of Responsible Communication examines multifaceted corporate communication as a responsibility shared by leaders across the enterprise. You simply cannot delegate all communication responsibility to the corporate communications department or a public relations agency. It is every leader's responsibility to model and champion effective communication, requiring an ongoing commitment to Accessibility, Responsiveness and Transparency, or, in other words, The ART of Responsible Communication.

This Harvard Business Review collection features the best in leadership transitions from celebrated author and advisor Michael D. Watkins. Watkins, who has worked for decades guiding senior leaders into new roles to help them and their organizations succeed, is the author of the international bestseller The First 90 Days. With more than 400,000 copies sold worldwide and published in more than 25 languages, the book has become the standard reference for leaders in transition.In addition to the full digital edition (ebook) of The First 90 Days, this collection includes digital editions of Watkins'other popular works: Your Next Move, which guides professionals through the most common career transitions; Shaping the Game, on how to lead effective negotiations; and his 2012 Harvard Business Review article, “How Managers Become Leaders.” Watkins, whose ideas have guided some of the world's best leaders through successful transitions, is the chairman of leadership development consultancy Genesis Advisers. Drawing on the perfect combination of research and hands-on experience, he has spent the last two decades working with leaders—both corporate and public—as they transition to new roles, negotiate the future of their organizations, and craft their legacy as leaders. He was previously a professor at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, Harvard Business School, INSEAD in France, and IMD in Switzerland.

Integrated Organisational Communication addresses the growing need among communication students and practitioners for a book that offers an integrated view of the communication within organisations. The book adopts a multidisciplinary approach to organisational communication, avoiding alignment with individual academic or professional disciplines.

Have you ever had someone hurl an insult at you and leave you stunned and speechless? Have you ever discovered that you're the topic of a rumor or gossip that could stall your career? Don't worry; you are not alone. This book is the perfect resource on how to gracefully - but firmly - recover from such common communication sinkholes in the workplace. Your skills in rapidly recovering from these insensitive communications are key to career success. This book is a practical guide to know exactly what to say during these awkward and often hurtful moments, giving you the exact phrases and communication tools to turn the tables and recover from the'one down'situation. Don't let your career advancement slide due to a communication gaffe - whether accidental or intentional. The damage can be the same. Get your career back on track fast by adopting the techniques in this communication resource to quickly recover from gossip, insults, or other insensitivity.

Guide to Managerial Communication

The ability to make a successful transition into management who wants to advance their career.Written by Martin Manser, a leading trainer of managers and highly-respected author, this book quickly teaches you the insider secrets you need to know to in order to seamlessly move up the career ladder.The highly motivational'in a week'structure of the book provides seven straightforward chapters explaining the key points, and at the end there are optional questions to ensure you have taken it all in. There are also cartoons and diagrams throughout, to help make this book a more enjoyable and effective learning experience.So what are you waiting for? Let this book put you on the fast track to success!

This book offers a new approach to communication, focusing on the communication needs of profit/non-profit organizations and their social environment. The book outline three domains - concern, internal, and marketing communication - described from the starting point of the communication needs of organizations. Subsequently, an integral approach is used to discuss information processing by the receiver, communication research, organization of communication, and communication in an international perspective. The theoretical basis is clarified by means of case studies and assignments. This is a completely revised version, where new developments have been included, such as the functioning of social media. In addition, an important component of accountability in communication is added, including a scorecard for communication.

Addressing the unique difficulties involved in day-to-day project management communication, The Project Manager's Communication Toolkit provides proven methods for creating clear and effective communications-including text-based plans, reports, messages, and presentations. It examines the many tools available and goes beyond traditional coverage to

The importance of effective communication between management and employees is not a new idea by any means. Yet, good communications strategies are often overlooked. Communication and education play a critical role in helping businesses maximize their total rewards package as a competitive advantage to attract and retain the best talent. Total rewards professionals need to think in terms of communicating total rewards packages and what those rewards mean to employees as well as how they can be balanced to meet the organization's requirements and goals. In this collection of articles from WorldatWork, thought leaders provide ideas and concepts about how to effectively communicate total rewards programs. Topics range from communicating basic compensation and benefits programs to addressing the communication needs for niche audiences such as international assignees.

The Handbook of Business Discourse is the most comprehensive overview of the field to date. It offers an accessible and authoritative introduction to a range of historical, disciplinary, methodological and cultural perspectives on business discourse and addresses many of the pressing issues facing a growing, varied and increasingly international field of research. The collection also illustrates some of the challenges of defining and delimiting a relatively recent and eclectic field of studies, including debates on the very definition of'business discourse'. Part One includes chapters on the origins, advances and features of business discourse in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand. Part Two covers methodological approaches such as mediated communication, corpus linguistics, organisational discourse, multimodality, race and management communication, and rhetorical analysis. Part Three moves on to look at disciplinary perspectives such as sociology, pragmatics, gender studies, intercultural communication, linguistic anthropology and business communication. Part Four looks at cultural perspectives across a range of geographical areas including Spain, Brazil, Japan, Korea, China and Vietnam. The concluding section reflects on future developments in Europe, North America and Asia.Key Features:•Consists of newly commissioned chapters, authored by a vibrant group of internationally-known experts and emerging younger scholars, representing more than twenty countries.• Individual chapters aim to offer breadth, depth and, where appropriate, illustrative analytical examples, and can be read as self-contained, mini-introductions to each topic.•A valuable resource for students, researchers, teachers and trainers looking for a research-based, wide-ranging introduction to business discourse in a single volume.

An entrepreneur is different from a manager of a small business in many respects, but largely in attitude and approach. And the right approach hinges on appropriate entrepreneurial skills. Professor Cecile Nieuwenhuizen, Head of the Department Business Management at the University of South Africa (Unisa) and author of many articles and books on entrepreneurship, has brought together several experts in the field of entrepreneurship to describe the skills necessary for successful entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial skills covered in this book include; achievement orientation; creativity and innovation; self-confidence and a positive attitude; goal-setting; assertiveness; time management; networking; leadership and teamwork; creative problem-solving; and strategies for dealing with conflict and confrontation.

Title from PDF title page (viewed on Sept. 26, 2008).

Our 12-page booklet on Giving Constructive Feedback from the Rapid Skill Builder Series. At its most simple level, feedback giving and receiving is just one party communicating information to another about something that he or she has experienced and thinks that the other person needs to know about. Unfortunately, this simple process is often done poorly and the intended benefit is lost. Because offering any kind of feedback takes practice and is a communication art to develop over time, this booklet explores the whole process of giving and getting constructive feedback in summary. It does this by offering a six step model to guide behaviour to communicate more constructively as a feedback giver as well as a feedback receiver.