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Operations Research and Cyber-Infrastructure is the companion volume to the Eleventh INFORMS Computing Society Conference (ICS 2009), held in Charleston, South Carolina, from January 11 to 13, 2009. It includes 24 high-quality refereed research papers. As always, the focus of interest for ICS is the interface between Operations Research and Computer Science, and the papers in this volume reflect that interest. This is naturally an evolving area as computational power increases rapidly while decreasing in cost even more quickly, and the papers included here illustrate the wide range of topics at this interface.

This volume of'Research in Competence-Based Management'focuses on a range of fundamental issues in developing competence-base theory and in undertaking competence-based research intended to contribute to management theory development. The first papers in this volume revisit and reappraise a number of foundational competence ideas, concepts, and research themes to suggest a number of conceptual distinctions and clarifications that would be useful in further theory development. Following papers assess the areas in which restatements or extensions of current competence theory may be needed or would be useful. The final papers in the volume address the ways in which research undertaken within the competence perspective interfaces with the broad stream of theorizing and research conducted in strategy and management.

21st Century Management: A Reference Handbook highlights the topics, issues, questions and debates that any student obtaining a degree in the field of management must master to be effective in today′s business world. Providing authoritative insight into the key issues covered in both undergraduate and corporate coursework, this resource offers a particular emphasis on the current structure of the topic in the literature, key threads of discussion and research on the topic, and emerging trends. The Handbook assists readers in structuring meaningful papers and presentation, selecting management areas in which to take elective coursework, and orienting themselves toward a career.Key Features: Offers a free online Teaching Resource Guide, available through the SAGE web site, to provide lecture ideas, homework assignments, ideas for in-class case studies or workshops, team assignments, and moreExamines topics through the prisms of globalization and new information technologies, including issues such as remote leadershipTakes and ethical and ecological approach to topics such as entrepreneurship to reflect cutting-edge interestAddresses post-September 11 security and crisis management issuesPresents insights into 21st-century business issues such as excessive work and outsourcingDiscusses diversity, including gender, ethnicity, and ageIncludes issues of managing nonprofit arts, medical, sports, and philanthropic organizations in the 21st centuryThis authoritative reference serves students′ research needs with information that is more detailed than encyclopedia entries but without the jargon or density of a journal article. The reader who familiarizes him-or herself with the topics included in this Handbook will be at an advantage in any job interview for a position in business.Course textbooks typically are accompanied by instructor resource manuals containing suggested student assignments, activities, and lecture ideas associated with the various chapters and topics. In contrast, reference books often are delivered without such aids. So this free on-line resource manual is unique. For each chapter within Charles Wankel′s 21st Century Management: A Reference Handbook, the chapter author has developed a thought exercise, a lecture idea, a team exercise, paper topic, or similar resource to reinforce the basic ideas within the chapter through an innovative hands-on activity transcending the more constrained assignments included with many management textbooks. Thus, reference librarians can maximize use of the handbook in their collection by referring business and management instructors to this supply of ready-made activities to assist them when they direct students to specific chapters of the handbook as part of their coursework. It′s hoped that this will assist librarians in their supportive dialogues with faculty and students, and business and management subject specialists and liaisons are encouraged to share this resource with their management faculty.

In 2001, we gathered a group of researchers in Nice, France to focus discussion on performance measurement and management control. Following the success of that conference, we held subsequent conferences in 2003, 2005, and 2007. This volume contains some of the exemplary papers that were presented at the most recent conference. The conference has grown in number of participants, quality of presentations, and reputation and this year attracted leading researchers in the field from North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa. Though the conference has been generally focused on performance measurement and management control and has included presentations on many facets of the topic, each year we have also focused on a particular theme of current interest. This year's theme was directed at measuring and rewarding performance. This includes evaluating and rewarding the performance of organizations, units, teams, and individuals. It includes empirical, analytical and experimental research. In addition to the three plenary sessions, this volume also includes some of the other excellent papers presented at the conference. The contents of this book represent a collection of leading research in management control and performance measurement and provide a significant contribution to the growing literature in the area. This collection of papers also covers a representative set of topics, research settings, and research methods. We are hopeful that this book will continue the search for additional understanding and development in performance measurement and management control, and provide guidance for both academic researchers and managers as they work toward improving organizations.

Collected here are 112 papers concerned with all manner of new directions in manufacturing systems given at the 41st CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems. The high-quality material presented in this volume includes reports of work from both scientific and engineering standpoints and several invited and keynote papers addressing the current cutting edge and likely future trends in manufacturing systems. The book's subjects include: (1) new trends in manufacturing systems design: sustainable design, ubiquitous manufacturing, emergent synthesis, service engineering, value creation, cost engineering, human and social aspects of manufacturing, etc.; (2) new applications for manufacturing systems – medical, life-science, optics, NEMS, etc.; (3) intelligent use of advanced methods and new materials – new manufacturing process technologies, high-hardness materials, bio-medical materials, etc.; (4) integration and control for new machines – compound machine tools, rapid prototyping, printing process integration, etc.

What is dignity in and at work? How is it experienced differently by different groups of working people?Are there enduring divisions of dignity: unequal access to what is accepted to be a fundamental human right?How can we ensure that continued opportunities are available for the creation, maintenance and restoration of dignity at work?This edited collection of papers investigates the concept of dignity and what it means to people in their working lives: how we are perceived and valued as people in the workplace.Contributors to over a century of social and organizational analysis have talked about dignity at work, but the discussion has tended to take place under headings such as citizenship, satisfaction, mutuality, pride in work, responsible autonomy and ontological security, or to focus on mismanagement, over-long hours, a poor working environment, workplace bullying and harassment as the central facilitator of indignity at work.Dignity in and at work is a far more complex phenomenon than these representations would suggest. Neither is it enough to suggest that equal opportunity, work life balance and anti-bullying policies restore dignity to work, valuable interventions though they are in themselves. The papers featured in this edited collection suggest that we see dignity reordered and experienced in different ways depending on our own circumstances and viewpoints.

Presented here are 88 refereed papers given at the 35th MATADOR Conference held at the National University of Taiwan in Taipei, Taiwan in July 2007. The MATADOR series of conferences covers the topics of Manufacturing Automation and Systems Technology, Applications, Design, Organisation and Management, and Research. The proceedings of this conference contains original papers contributed by researchers from many countries on different continents. The papers cover the principles, techniques and applications associated with: manufacturing processes; technology; system design and integration; and computer applications and management. The papers in this volume reflect: • the importance of manufacturing in international wealth creation; • the emerging fields of micro- and nano-manufacture; • the increasing trend towards the fabrication of parts using additive processes; • the growing demand for precision engineering and part inspection techniques; • measurement techniques and equipment.

The scope of service provided by professional accountants is influenced by legislation and case law as well as the dictates of a variety of government and private sector agencies; including State Boards of Accountancy, Academic Accreditation Bodies, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, the Public Accounting Oversight Board, independent standard setting bodies such as the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board [US], the Financial Accounting Standards Board [US] and the International Accounting Standards Board. These entities and self-regulatory organizations such as U.S. State Societies of CPAs and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and equivalent and emerging national bodies that exist in most developed and developing countries, are among the emerging entities which attempt to coordinate the activities of professional accountants among sovereign nations. It is important for academics, students, practitioners, regulators and researchers to consider and study the role and relationship of such bodies with the practice and content of our discipline. - Main feature examines developments in accounting regulation - Papers provide an international perspective on accounting and finance issues - Volume 19 contains main papers, research reports, a feature, capsule commentary, perspectives, and book reviews

This book reports on innovations and engineering achievements of industrial relevance, with a special emphasis on industrial engineering developments aimed at improving the quality of processes and products in the context of a sustainable economy. It gathers peer-reviewed papers presented at the 3rd International Conference “Innovation in Engineering”, ICIE 2024, held on June 26-28, 2024, in Povoação, São Miguel Island, Azores, Portugal. All in all, this third volume of a three-volume set, provides engineering researchers and professionals with a timely snapshot of technologies and strategies that should help shaping different industrial sectors to improve production efficiency, industrial sustainability, and human well-being.

This proceedings book explores future prospects of cultural, heritage, and religious tourism and how it can impact the socioeconomic complexity of a community and future developments. It includes chapters on contemporary digital age pilgrimage, digital interpretation as a management strategy, tourism in the era of digital communication, and the role of social media in conserving intangible cultural heritage. This book focuses on policies and mechanisms for heritage preservation. It includes cultural heritage tourism management, how the digitalization of data has impacted and further developed tourism, World Heritage classification in urban tourism destinations, cultural tourism products, and experiences. Moreover, it discusses the sustainable environment and geography in tourism. It covers topics such as ecotourism and rural sustainable development, heritage in socioeconomic sustainable development, and tourists'perceptions of tourism. Anotherpart of the book explores the social and economic impacts of tourism. It includes chapters on cycling tourism along the Elbe, residents'perceptions of the socioeconomic benefits of restaurants, architecture of historical mosques, tourism as a driver of soft power, tourists'perceptions of service quality, tourism during the Covid-19 pandemic, gastronomic narratives in tourism, and residents'perceptions of festivals. Also, it pinpoints the focus on user interaction-based development. It includes chapters on the role of community-led initiatives in heritage revitalization and addressing connectivity issues between historical and natural touristic heritage sites. These research papers provide valuable insights into the multidimensional nature of cultural sustainable tourism, covering a wide range of topics and offering diverse perspectives on its development, management, and impact.

This book brings together selected papers from the Fourth International Conference on Research in Management and Technovation held in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2023, with a focus on defining action-based plans around innovation and technology as tools for societal and organizational advancement. Today's business and technology intersections are obvious. Cloud-sharing, scheduling, and virtual conference rooms are some of the few examples. Cutting-edge academic researchers use business and technology every day to navigate volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA) in the environment, make good judgments, stay ahead of the competition, better their marketing tactics, and create new business initiatives. The research highlighted in this book aims to demonstrate how technology empowers managers, strategists, and researchers to make decisions that are data-driven and effective.

This book offers an up-to-date and comprehensive picture of the Vietnamese economy, which is the fast-growing economy in Southeast Asia. The country has invested heavily in education, health, and development infrastructure across the country. Progress in recent decades has been strong and Vietnam has attracted significant relocation and outsourcing of production from The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. In the recent years, much of the foreign direct investment from China has been channeled to Vietnam. The state's development policy has created optimal conditions for further expansion of production, supply chain, education and finances. Investment in education, health, infrastructure, administration and regulations is facilitating investment inflows, technology transfer and spillover to the growing national companies. The educated young population and disciplined labor force have provided a strong basis for the growth of the economy. The high level of productivity, improved quality of products, low and competitive cost of production, and over 100 million people provide a strong base for a continuous economic growth. This edited volume, brings together selected papers presented at The 5th International Conference on Business (ICB 2023), providing good insights into the features of the economy and its development potential. They provide an up-to-date overview and an empirical research-based picture of the recent trends in Vietnam's economic development. The book would be a useful read for educators, undergraduate and graduate students, domestic and foreign investors, government agencies, provincial and industrial sector decision-makers, trade partners, libraries, individual researchers, and professional and practitioners. It helps to fill the gap in knowledge and inform development planners and investors about different sectors of the Vietnamese economy and its development potential.

This book gathers selected papers from 2023 International Conference on Mechanical Design (2023 ICMD), held in Chengdu, China. The main objectives are to bring the community of researchers in the fields of mechanical design together, to exchange and discuss the most recent investigations, challenging problems and new trends, and to encourage the wider implementation of the advanced design technologies and tools in the world, particularly throughout China. The theme of 2023 ICMD is “Innovative Design Drives High-Quality Development”, and the event devotes to providing an excellent forum for the scholars all around the world to share their innovative ideas, cutting-edge research results.

This book gathers the refereed proceedings of the 5th HFEM Biennial Conference on Human Factors and Ergonomics, organized by the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia, held in Langkawi, Malaysia on August 13–18, 2023. Under the theme'Accelerating Human Factors and Ergonomics Toward an Inclusive and Sustainable Future', it highlights the latest theories and models, as well as cutting-edge technologies and applications on human factors and ergonomics. By combining findings from a range of disciplines including engineering, design, robotics, health care, management, computer science, human biology, and behavioral science, it offers an excellent source of innovative ideas to stimulate future discussions and developments aimed at applying knowledge and techniques to optimize system performance, while at the same time promoting the health, safety, and well-being of individuals. It includes papers from researchers and practitioners, scientists and physicians, institutional leaders, managers, and policy makers that contribute to constructing the human factors and ergonomics approach across a variety of methodologies, domains, and productive sectors.

Digital technologies can have a profound impact on modern organisations, changing the way they operate, communicate, cooperate, and deliver value to stakeholders. This book gathers the selected and revised best papers presented at the annual conference of the Italian Chapter of AIS, which took place in Catanzaro in October 2022. It offers a comprehensive overview of the impacts of emerging digital technologies, such as AI, machine learning, blockchain, and Industry 4.0, on organisations and industries. In this book, these digital technologies are explored in relation to the digital transformation process for business organisations and industries. It investigates how emerging technologies influence the digital transformation of diverse business organisations, pointing out research trajectories, implications, opportunities, and challenges. Covering a wide range of topics related to digital transformation, it offers valuable insights into the latest research on the opportunities and challenges that accompany emerging digital technologies.

Giving new insight into the theories behind management literature reviews, Advancing Methodologies of Conducting Literature Review in Management Domain explores a range of novel ideas on how to plan, organize, synthesize, and present the results from previous literature from across management research. Specific areas examined in this volume include planning and setting the objectivity of review papers, search processes, data selection and screening, review types and designs, and evaluation criteria, validity, and reliability.

This book aims to provide a complete compendium of Chinese Marketing and Management Scales, making it an invaluable resource for business researchers, practitioners, and scholars. Its purpose is to facilitate the measurement and evaluation of various constructs and variables within marketing and management, specifically designed for the Chinese context. This book will be highly valuable for marketing researchers and practitioners working in the Chinese market. Our book's contributions to marketing research demonstrate our commitment to academic excellence and our desire to advance knowledge in this crucial field. The book's structure is as follows: Chapter One serves as an introduction, giving an overview of the book's content, scope, and organization. Chapter Two covers the Scale Development Procedure. Chapter Three focuses on Chinese Culture-related Scales. Chapter Four presents General Marketing Scales Developed in the Chinese Context. Chapter Five showcases Exemplary Papers for Some Selected Scales, and Chapter Six provides a summary of the book.

For more than 30 years, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been revolutionizing travel, tourism, and hospitality, and as we look to the next 30 years, the change of pace does not seem to be diminishing. This open-access book provides an extensive overview of the latest developments of ICTs in the tourism and hospitality industry. Featuring papers presented at the International Federation for IT and Travel & Tourism's (IFITT) 31st annual ENTER International eTourism Conference (ENTER24) held in Izmir, Türkiye, this book presents research on topics such as artificial general intelligence (AGI) in tourism and hospitality; emerging technologies in tourism education; virtual reality; technologies for sustainability, health and wellbeing; big data and analytics, among others. This is an open access book.

This book discusses many issues related to the impact of advanced technologies on quality of human life. It covers several areas and use cases that illustrate how technologies could be harnessed to solve all kinds of humanity issues in areas as diverse as education, health care, industry, agriculture, mobility, etc. Specially, it aims at establishing the vital link between advances in technology and sustainable development to magnify the benefits. This book covers a wide range of audience including academic/research, professors, scientists, and engineers working in different fields, comprising engineering, sustainability, as well as government and international organizations officials interested in sustainable planning. This is done through a set of selected papers from those presented to 4th International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Humanity (ICATH'2022) which was organized by the Moroccan School of Engineering Sciences (EMSI) in collaboration with national and international institutions. ICATH22 was held in Marrakech, from November 11 to 12, 2022. Key topics showcasing how technology can serve humanity in different ways and facets of human life, activities, and challenges are covered in depth through the chapters of this book which are presented in four different sections, namely:1. Advanced Technologies for smart Mobility in Smart Cities.2. Emerging Technologies for Connectivity in Sustainable Cities.3. Transitioning to Sustainable Industrial Engineering. 4. Technology for Human Sciences as Key Components of Sustainability.

This is not a definitive history of corporate citizenship but for anyone interested in the who, what, why and how of this subject there are some very significant papers which may become definitive for scholars and reflective practitioners. Just as many people cannot imagine a world without mobile telephony and the Internet, and seem not to care or wonder how we got here, so too it is forgotten that much that is now taken for granted in terms of corporate reporting and accountability has been, and still is, the result of a hard struggle.

This book discusses current trends, challenges, and opportunities in the fields of business, hospitality, and tourism, particularly in Eastern Europe. Featuring selected papers presented at the second annual Modern Trends in Business Hospitality and Tourism International Conference held in Cluj-Napoca, Romania in 2023, the enclosed chapters explore the global marketing environment discussing the latest technological, economic and social-cultural developments. Featuring theoretical and empirical research and real-life case studies, this book explores topics such as global capital markets and investment financing post COVID-19, sustainable business models, financing alternatives for SMEs, corporate governance, human capital leadership, among others. It is appropriate for academics, researchers, scholars and practitioners in the areas of business, hospitality and tourism.

This book brings together a diverse range of findings on current and emerging business concerns when the authors were developing a series of 12 working Analytic Research Consortium (ARC) White Papers. It presents several, differently configured scenarios, drawing on cyber as an example; the use and further optimization of estimative/probabilistic language; communicating analytical insights and other findings concerning ‘(un)certainty'to decision-maker end-users; and mitigating risk. It also evaluates in detail today's rapidly evolving Gen-AI systems and technologies, e.g. those underlying OpenAI's ChatGPT and Google's Bard/Gemini. This includes their respective value concerning scenario development and other business-relevant methods, tools and techniques, e.g. ‘Red Teaming'. The topics discussed are assessed using the multi-methodologies of, firstly, ‘Intelligence Engineering'(IE) and, secondly, ‘Strategic Options Analysis'(SOA). The latter half of the book introduces an alternative scenario planning process, including use of new computer-software and AI tools. In addition to Gen-AI, we identify that the emerging discipline of Causal AI may work better for foresight and scenario activities. The book is a valuable read for a diverse readership from the public and private sectors, spanning government, the military, law enforcement, education, industry, commerce, retail, and enterprises of all sizes. Also, students at business schools and high-level decision-makers, including politicians, military commanders, and C-Suite leaders in various fields, will benefit from it.

The book aims to incorporate key findings pertaining to Northeastern India. The papers selected will highlight policies that are critical for fostering research and innovation in critical areas of scientific, social sciences, humanities and associated research paradigms relevant for the North-east.

The rise of artificial intelligence is having a profound impact on human resource management, as AI is being used to automate a wide range of HR tasks and functions, from recruiting and onboarding to performance management and compensation. However, the impact of AI on HRM is not evenly distributed. Due to a variety of factors, the Global South is lagging behind the Global North in terms of AI adoption, creating a widening disparity in the effectiveness and efficiency of HR operations. This edited book explores HRM, artificial intelligence and the future of work in the Global South. It addresses key elements of how technology is transforming the workplace and people management, including HR automation, robotisation, big data analytics, smart systems, virtualisation, AI, machine learning and the Internet of Things. The chapters offer a collection of cases from various Global South countries, draw on various types of research (empirical, review papers, conceptual and theoretical) andincorporate contextual issues such as technology, politics, culture, ethics and economics. Despite the relatively slow adoption of AI in the Global South compared to developed nations, its potential impact on the future of work remains significant, particularly in shaping the role of HR as a bridge between technology and human resources. This book will be a valuable resource for scholars, students and policymakers interested in the future of work in the Global South, as it brings together critical insights from scholars and practitioners from the region, providing a much-needed perspective on this important issue.

Platform companies like Amazon, Alibaba, Apple or Google dominate today's economy, and eight out of the ten most valuable companies worldwide follow a platform business model. Platform businesses act as digital intermediaries harnessing the power of networks, thereby outperforming traditional asset-heavy companies. Amazon and Alibaba are facilitators of transactions between sellers and buyers Apple connects app developers with app users Google facilitates transactions between ordinary web surfers and advertisers. Every product, service, and retail business has the potential to become a platform business, and The Platform Business Navigator will show you how. With a 5-step framework and 88 different patterns to follow, you can avoid common mistakes and ensure your business strategy works. Suitable for entrepreneurs, executives, product managers, and business leaders, you'll also discover a huge variety of different business case studies. You can also find additional content online including videos, a platform canvas and a white paper to delve deeper.

This is an open access book.2023 5th International Conference on Economic Management and Cultural Industry (ICEMCI 2023) to be held on November 17-19, 2023, in Beijing, ChinaAs the leader of the global trend of scientific and technological innovation, China is constantly creating a more open scientific and technological innovation environment, expanding the depth and breadth of academic cooperation, and building a shared innovation community. These efforts are making new contributions to globalization and building a community with a shared future for mankind. ICEMCI aims to bring together innovative academics and industry experts in Economic Management and Cultural Industry into a common forum. We will discuss and research on areas such as International Economics and Trade, Sustainable Economic Development, Economic Statistics, Economic Policy, The impact of cultural industries on the economy, etc.ICEMCI 2023 also aims to provide a platform for experts, scholars, engineers, technicians and technology R&D personnel to share scientific research results and cutting-edge technologies, understand academic development trends, expand research ideas, strengthen academic research and discussion, and promote cooperation in the industrialization of academic achievements.With the theme'Economic Management and Cultural Industry', ICEMCI 2023 aspires to keeping up with advances and changes to a consistently morphing field. Leading researchers and industry experts from around the globe will be presenting the latest studies through papers, keynote speeches and oral presentations.We warmly invite you to participate in ICEMCI 2023 and look forward to seeing you in Beijing.

In recent times, physicists have come to appreciate information's central role in the universe's grand plan. That and the fact that an explicit understanding of the informational relationships involved may well be key to unlocking many of the universe's deepest secrets. That makes the birth of both Computer and Information Science not only essential to the explosion of modern technological success, but also to our understanding of reality itself. In recognizing that, what unfolds is a story not only about Alan Turing and his pioneering colleagues, but also great thinkers like Albert Einstein, Michael Faraday, Ludwig Wittgenstein and others. It therefore pulls in much of modern history and touches on seminal events like the birth of the atomic bomb. It also hints at the reasons behind the various social and political divides we see in the world today. So, in many ways, the story of how we became more informed about information is also the story of the modern age. What you will read of here is the role that information plays in that ongoing saga and many of the twists and turns that have brought us to where we are with information today. In it you will learn that, unbeknown to Turing and others, their work would not only help overthrow the Nazis and thaw the chilling atmosphere of the Cold War to come, but also echo down the ages to remain relevant in a conflict still raging today. That sees the Computer and Information Scientists at loggerheads as they fight to find a right and justifiable place for meaning in information's definition. About The Open Group Press The Open Group Press is an imprint of The Open Group for advancing knowledge of information technology by publishing works from individual authors within The Open Group membership that are relevant to advancing The Open Group mission of Boundaryless Information Flow™. The key focus of The Open Group Press is to publish high-quality monographs, as well as introductory technology books intended for the general public, and act as a complement to The Open Group standards, guides, and white papers. The views and opinions expressed in this book are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the consensus position of The Open Group members or staff.

Randolph J. May and Thomas M. Lenard The Progress & Freedom Foundation Most of the papers in this book were originally presented at a June 2003 Progress & Freedom Foundation conference entitled,'Net Neutrality or Net Neutering: Should Broadband Internet Services Be Regulated.'As we now publish the suitably updated collection of papers, along with two others, the title remains entirely appropriate. For while calls to mandate rights of access to the broadband networks of cable operators, telephone companies, and other facilities-based broadband providers might ebb and flow, as we write this, the tide is running high. So persistent are calls for mandatory network access rights in the communications world that a book that explores the vari­ ous facets of Net Neutrality is not likely to be soon outdated. The Policy Statement released by the Federal Communications Commis­ sion in September 2005 in its long-running proceedings to establish an ap­ propriate regulatory framework for cable operator and telephone compa- provided broadband services describes the bundle of'rights'commonly un­ derstood to be encompassed under the rubric of Net Neutrality: (1) consum­ ers are entitled to access the lawful Internet content of their choice; (2) con­ sumers are entitled to run applications and services of their choice; (3) consumers are entitled to connect their choice of legal devices that do not harm the network; and (4) consumers are entitled to competition among net­ work providers, application and services providers, and content providers.

Due to low prices for raw products the structural change in the agricultural sector has continued during the last few years. For most dairies full production costs are higher than their income; only top managed farms have enough revenues to stay profitable. A series of crises concerning human food and animal feed have caused changes in the general European principles of food law. Thereupon procedures relating to food safety have been applied to animal nutrition. The traceability of food, feed and food-producing animals through all stages of production, processing and distribution is the goal of the new regulations. This important modification started with the White Paper on food safety and was followed by the Regulation (EC) No 178/2002. This document lays down the general principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority, laying down procedures in matters of food safety, concerning protection of human life, health and consumers'interests, with regard to the protection of animal health and welfare, plant health and the environment. These European regulations have to convert into German law within a certain time frame. In the future they will have much more influence on our legislation to get a uniform European food law. Many companies in the food business have already implemented quality systems to ensure product safety and to reduce product liability. Meanwhile they increasingly demand similar systems from their suppliers of agricultural raw materials. According to the Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 farmers are food and feed business operators. Therefore product and production records concerning quality have to be documented. In the experimental part of this paper a work study in 6 dairies was presented, which showed that in modern dairy farms the premises for high quality production exceed the expectations. The analysed milking routines cover all aspects of economy, ecology, animal physiology, ergonomics and technique. Milk has to be checked by law many times per month on different parameters, such as butter fat, protein, or somatic cell count. These records are set values for product documentation. Although technical standards are high only few data are systematically monitored throughout the production process. The economical success and profitability of the agricultural production is dominated by severe changes in law such as the Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 laying down general principles for food safety, the Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003 - Cross Compliance and the upcoming review of the application of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) principles to primary production. Besides these restraints retailers and food business operators claim certain quality standards or systems from their suppliers. Hence, farmers have to focus on standardization of production and work process, such as the implementation of standard operating procedures like milking routines and the systematic documentation of all activities concerning product und process quality.

Interoperability: the ability of a system or a product to work with other systems or products without special effort from the user is a key issue in manufacturing and industrial enterprise generally. It is fundamental to the production of goods and services quickly and at low cost at the same time as maintaining levels of quality and customisation. Composed of 40 papers of international authorship, Interoperability of Enterprise Software and Applications ranges from academic research through case studies to industrial experience of interoperability. Many of the papers have examples and illustrations calculated to deepen understanding and generate new ideas. A concise reference to the state of the art in software interoperability, Interoperability of Enterprise Software and Applications will be of great value to engineers and computer scientists working in manufacturing and other process industries and to software engineers and electronic and manufacturing engineers working in the academic environment.

The previous conference in Nice in 2003 focused on the determination of the specific actions that lead to superior organizational performance. This included the characteristics of superior performance and the identifiable features of management control and performance measurement systems that drive improved performance along with relevant performance measures. But, there are often dysfunctional consequences of the drive for superior organizational performance. Numerous stakeholders are often impacted both positively and negatively by the drive for superior organizational performance. These stakeholders often include employees, customers, suppliers, the community, and others. Much current research focuses on how organizations and managers can minimize negative internal impacts and externalities and use management control and performance measurement to improve both organizational performance and the impacts on employees and society. This book contains a compendium of some of the excellent papers presented at a workshop on Performance Measurement and Management Control: Improving Organizations and Society in September, 2005 in Nice, France. Sponsored by the European Institute for the Advanced Study in Management (EIASM) and EDHEC School of Management, this workshop attracted leading scholars on management control and performance measurement from around the world. The primary questions addressed at the conference relate to the specific managerial actions that can be taken to drive superior organizational performance and the determination of the most appropriate measures of long term success in organizational performance. Many papers also addressed the social impacts of these actions. The papers in this volume approach these questions using a variety of research methods. Some are more theory based and most include some empirical research including interviews, surveys, and field studies. These methods are used to explain how management control and performance measurement can aid in the implementation of strategy and the improvement of organizational and societal performance. The approaches are used in both for-profit and not-for-profit organizations. The answers are not yet clear. But it is hoped that the papers included in this volume contribute to this growing body of knowledge and lead us to an improved understanding of how to build better organizations and evaluate and understand their performance. This work discusses how superior organizational performance affects employees and society. It is based on a workshop on Performance Measurement & Management Control (Nice, France - Sep 2005). Content includes some empirical research including interviews, surveys, and field studies.

The TOGAF® Standard, a standard of The Open Group, is a proven Enterprise Architecture methodology and framework used by the world's leading organizations to improve business efficiency. The TOGAF Certification Program has enabled more than 100,000 Enterprise Architects and trainers around the globe to demonstrate their proven knowledge of the framework and method. This is the book you need to prepare for the TOGAF Business Architecture Foundation qualification. This edition is aligned to the TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition. It includes an overview of every learning outcome included in the TOGAF Business Architecture Syllabus and in-depth coverage on preparing and taking the TOGAF Business Architecture Foundation examination. It includes Key Learning Points, exercises and challenging Test Yourself questions for each part of the syllabus, together with a Test Yourself examination paper that you can use to test your readiness to take the official TOGAF Business Architecture Foundation examination. The audience for this Study Guide is: Individuals, such as those responsible for business planning, who wish to apply the TOGAF Business Architecture approach in their working environment Individuals needing to gain competencies in TOGAF Business Architecture techniques Individuals who wish to become qualified as part of their own professional development A prior knowledge of Enterprise Architecture is advantageous but not required. Topics covered include: An introduction to TOGAF certification and the TOGAF Business Architecture Foundation qualification, including the TOGAF Business Architecture Foundation examination The concepts of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard; this includes the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM), the contents of the TOGAF framework, and the TOGAF Library The key terminology of TOGAF Business Architecture An introduction to the TOGAF ADM, including the objectives of the ADM phases, and how to adapt and scope the ADM for use How business modeling relates to the TOGAF Standard, the impact and benefits of business models, and examples of different representations of business models How to define business capabilities, how they can be modeled, and how to map them to other business perspectives Value streams and value stream mapping; the benefits, the different approaches to value stream analysis, the relationship to other Business Architecture concepts, and how to apply value streams How to apply information mapping when developing a Business Architecture How to apply organization mapping when developing a Business Architecture How to apply the TOGAF Business Scenario method How a Business Architecture is developed with the TOGAF ADM

The TOGAF® Standard, a standard of The Open Group, is a proven Enterprise Architecture methodology and framework used by the world's leading organizations to improve business efficiency. The TOGAF Certification Program has enabled more than 100,000 Enterprise Architects and trainers around the globe to demonstrate their proven knowledge of the framework and method. This is the book you need to prepare for the TOGAF Enterprise Architecture Foundation qualification. This edition is aligned to the TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition. It includes an overview of every learning outcome included in the TOGAF Enterprise Architecture Level 1 Syllabus and in-depth coverage on preparing and taking the TOGAF Enterprise Architecture Part 1 examination. It includes Key Learning Points, and challenging Test Yourself questions for each part of the syllabus, together with a Test Yourself examination paper that you can use to test your readiness to take the official TOGAF Enterprise Architecture Part 1 examination. The audience for this Study Guide is: Individuals who need a basic understanding of a proven Enterprise Architecture methodology Professionals who work for or join an organization applying the TOGAF Standard Individuals who need to start to learn the TOGAF method Individuals who want to achieve the TOGAF® Enterprise Architecture Practitioner qualification in a stepwise manner, or other certifications and certification credentials from The Open Group where this certification is a prerequisite A prior knowledge of Enterprise Architecture is advantageous but not required. Topics covered include: An introduction to TOGAF certification and the TOGAF Enterprise Architecture Foundation qualification, including the TOGAF Enterprise Architecture Part 1 examination The concepts of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard The key terminology of the TOGAF Standard The Architecture Development Method (ADM) cycle and the objectives of each phase, and how to adapt and scope the ADM for use The techniques available to support the ADM Applying the ADM, including iteration, partitioning, and application in a digital enterprise How Architecture Governance contributes to architecture development Architecture content – the outputs produced while executing the ADM

The TOGAF® Standard, a standard of The Open Group, is a proven Enterprise Architecture methodology and framework used by the world's leading organizations to improve business efficiency. The TOGAF Certification Program has enabled more than 100,000 Enterprise Architects and trainers around the globe to demonstrate their proven knowledge of the framework and method. This is the book you need to prepare for the TOGAF Business Architecture Foundation qualification. This edition is aligned to the TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition. It includes an overview of every learning outcome included in the TOGAF Business Architecture Syllabus and in-depth coverage on preparing and taking the TOGAF Business Architecture Foundation examination. It includes Key Learning Points, exercises and challenging Test Yourself questions for each part of the syllabus, together with a Test Yourself examination paper that you can use to test your readiness to take the official TOGAF Business Architecture Foundation examination. The audience for this Study Guide is: Individuals, such as those responsible for business planning, who wish to apply the TOGAF Business Architecture approach in their working environment Individuals needing to gain competencies in TOGAF Business Architecture techniques Individuals who wish to become qualified as part of their own professional development A prior knowledge of Enterprise Architecture is advantageous but not required. Topics covered include: An introduction to TOGAF certification and the TOGAF Business Architecture Foundation qualification, including the TOGAF Business Architecture Foundation examination The concepts of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard; this includes the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM), the contents of the TOGAF framework, and the TOGAF Library The key terminology of TOGAF Business Architecture An introduction to the TOGAF ADM, including the objectives of the ADM phases, and how to adapt and scope the ADM for use How business modeling relates to the TOGAF Standard, the impact and benefits of business models, and examples of different representations of business models How to define business capabilities, how they can be modeled, and how to map them to other business perspectives Value streams and value stream mapping; the benefits, the different approaches to value stream analysis, the relationship to other Business Architecture concepts, and how to apply value streams How to apply information mapping when developing a Business Architecture How to apply organization mapping when developing a Business Architecture How to apply the TOGAF Business Scenario method How a Business Architecture is developed with the TOGAF ADM

This book presents the proceedings of the 7th conference Healthcare Systems Ergonomics and Patient Safety (HEPS), held in Delft, The Netherlands on November 2-4, 2022, which was endorsed by the International Ergonomics Association (IEA). Contributions focus on the integration of knowledge, methods, and expertise from the disciplines of Human Factors/Ergonomics and of Medicine and Health in order to contribute to a safe and humane, high-quality healthcare system. Through breaking down the barriers between disciplines, they foster a framework of scientific knowledge, expertise and best practices to create the future of health and healthcare. The proceedings include papers from researchers and practitioners, scientists and physicians, institutional leaders, managers and policy makers that contribute to constructing the Human Factors and Ergonomics approach across a variety of methodologies, domains and productive sectors.

This book is a collection of selected high-quality research papers presented at the 4th International Conference on Evidence-Based Management (ICEBM) 2023, held at Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India, during February 24–25, 2023. It has 76 chapters written by various scholars focusing on evidence-based management practices in different functional areas of management with the application of theory and empirical techniques. This book will be helpful to practitioners, academics, scholars, and policymakers.

Worldwide business leaders who try to comprehend China's unavoidable impact on their livelihoods often ignore the most important voices: those of expatriate managers with years of experience in the country. Based on interviews with China-based corporate executives over five years, Dragon Suit brings to life the country's swarming cities, recent economic tsunami, unstoppable middle class, endemic pollution, intermittent internet, confusing culture, and endless opportunities.This book is a rare insight into the way global firms select, relocate, manage, motivate, and reward top managers in the world's most populous market. CEOs, C-suite executives, and senior managers recall their careers since China's early 2000s reform period until a notable 2014 policy paper declared “the end of a golden age for foreign business in China”, and beyond to the present day.Dragon Suit addresses crucial questions for international business:How did China become a key market for global firms?Why are most foreign managers unprepared for its challenges?Why did the country's near-million foreigners begin to leave in the mid-2010s, and who will replace them?Most importantly, how can managers, entrepreneurs, experts, and students prepare for an increasingly China-facing future in business?

This book presents a collection of selected papers presented at the 22nd FAI International Conference on Mathematical, Computational Intelligence and Engineering Approaches to Healthcare, Business and Tourism Analytics (FAI-ICMCIE 2020), held at American College, Madurai, India, from 20–22 December 2020. This book discusses advanced mathematical concepts and computational intelligence approaches for: medical diagnostic approach in cardiac diseases, nano topology in medical diseases, stability of indicators in assessing business development, AI-guided paradigmatic competence in science and spirituality integration, neural network-TOPSIS analytics in hotel service quality, itinerary planning destination ranking tourism analytics, molecular modeling and docking simulation for unraveling medicinal properties, value-oriented approach on commercial banks security, Brownian motion in shares of the bank, internet of things linking to social media and e-commerce, and more, which are discussed by using fuzzy analytics, nano-topology, statistical, TOPSIS and neural network tools.

The 21st century has been host to a number of information systems technologies in the areas of science, automotive, aviation and supply chain, among others. But perhaps one of its most disruptive is blockchain technology whose origin dates to only 2008, when an individual (or perhaps a group of individuals) using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto published a white paper entitled Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system in an attempt to address the threat of “double- spending” in digital currency.Today, many top-notch global organizations are already using or planning to use blockchain technology as a secure, robust and cutting-edge technology to better serve customers. The list includes such well-known corporate entities as JP Morgan, Royal Bank of Canada, Bank of America, IBM and Walmart.The tamper-proof attributes of blockchain, leading to immutable sets of transaction records, represent a higher quality of evidence for internal and external auditors. Blockchain technology will impact the performance of the audit engagement due to its attributes, as the technology can seamlessly complement traditional auditing techniques. Furthermore, various fraud schemes related to financial reporting, such as the recording of fictitious revenues, could be avoided or at least greatly mitigated. Frauds related to missing, duplicated and identical invoices can also be greatly curtailed.As a result, the advent of blockchain will enable auditors to reduce substantive testing as inherent and control audit risks will be reduced thereby greatly improving an audit's detection risk. As such, the continuing use and popularity of blockchain will mean that auditors and information systems security professionals will need to deepen their knowledge of this disruptive technology.If you are looking for a comprehensive study and reference source on blockchain technology, look no further than The Auditor's Guide to Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Use Cases, Security and Assurance. This title is a must read for all security and assurance professionals and students looking to become more proficient at auditing this new and disruptive technology.

Innovation and sustainability are issues that have become very relevant in recent years. This book presents a compilation of investigations on these topics, divided into those applied in government or enterprises. The objective is to demonstrate to the audience how these issues have been worked around the world and in different scenarios. Among the papers, there are works related to economic variables, imports, exports, and analysis in different sectors such as tourism, agriculture, education, and even in countries in general.

This book gathers papers from the 12th Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Postgraduate Research Conference, which was held at the International Convention Centre, East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa, from July 10 to 12, 2022. The conference directly addresses the objectives of SDG9: “Building resilient infrastructure, promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization and fostering innovation”. Moreover, the conference is designed to promote capacity development and transformation within the built-environment space by providing an all-inclusive platform to established and emerging researchers to discuss the recent advancements needed to move the industry forward.

This book presents the best, peer-reviewed contributions from the XII Congress of the Italian Society of Ergonomics and Human Factors (SIE), held in Lucca, Italy, on May 2-4, 2022. By highlighting the latest theories and models, as well as cutting-edge technologies and applications, and by combining findings from a range of disciplines including engineering, design, robotics, management, computer science, human biology and behavioral sciences, it provides researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive, timely guide on human factors and ergonomics in a variety of industrial sectors, such as health care, transportation, automotive and constructions. It also offers an excellent source of innovative ideas to stimulate future discussions and developments aimed at applying knowledge and techniques to optimize system performance, while at the same time promoting health, safety, and well-being of individuals anc communities. The proceedings includes papers from researchers and practitioners, scientists and physicians, institutional leaders, managers, and policy makers that contribute to constructing the Human Factors and Ergonomics approach across a variety of methodologies, domains, and productive sectors.

Today, modern business is adrift in a sea of connectivity and potential. Where once an organization's IT needs could be met from within its four walls, we now see many mission-critical systems reaching out beyond an enterprise's traditional boundaries. This is pushing solutions design well beyond the comfort zone of Enterprise Architecture and out into a world of hyper-enterprise systems. This is a world of complexity and scale, where the changing status quo demands that organizations keep up or die. To survive, their IT systems must also evolve as the context of their environment(s) ebbs and flows. The result is a dynamic, interconnected web of critical business advantage, balanced against uncertainty and risk, and infused with AI. This is the world of Ecosystems Architecture. This book will introduce you to the challenges of designing hyper-enterprise IT systems and the tools you will need as the era of Ecosystems Architecture dawns. It explains the proximity of new thinking to long-held architectural tenets and outlines how and why thinking has moved on. It also reviews existing frameworks and explains how and why they fit into the broader landscape of architectural thinking. About The Open Group Press The Open Group Press is an imprint of The Open Group for advancing knowledge of information technology by publishing works from individual authors within The Open Group membership that are relevant to advancing The Open Group mission of Boundaryless Information Flow™. The key focus of The Open Group Press is to publish high-quality monographs, as well as introductory technology books intended for the general public, and act as a complement to The Open Group Standards, Guides, and White Papers. The views and opinions expressed in this book are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the consensus position of The Open Group members or staff.

This book aims to shed light on why it is that so many well-meaning initiatives and government white papers have failed to have the expected impact in transforming the UK construction industry. Using the UK housing sector as a case study, Mike Siebert applies a Systems Thinking approach to tackling some of the shared'Wicked Problems'faced by an industry that urgently needs to boost its productivity levels, build more sustainably and affordably, and generally improve its working practices.In an accessible and easy to read style, Siebert challenges the overall decision making and problem-solving approach adopted by the industry and seeks to put Systems Thinking front and centre to consider the core issues from multiple perspectives. Initially outlining the key stakeholders and the drivers and barriers to change, he then introduces Systems Thinking and explains using numerous examples of known issues what this approach could achieve. His central aim is to show how, if a Systems Thinking approach were to be applied to the UK housing industry's problems, many of them could be resolved to the benefit of all the parties involved – government, housebuilders, material suppliers, the warranty industry, the design industry and the end users. These are shared problems, and they require shared solutions, but without first understanding these complex problems from the perspectives of all parties that need to benefit from the solutions being proposed, it is unlikely that those solutions will achieve the level of engagement needed for them to successfully meet their objectives.

This proceedings book showcases papers presented at the 2022 Rethinking Management and Economics in the (New) 20s conference in Leiria, Portugal. Rethinking Management and Economics in the (New) 20's is focused on the investigation of key challenges and perspectives of Management and Economics. The chapters in this book explore new avenues of research and cover theoretical, empirical, and experimental studies related to different themes in the global context of Management and Economics. This book contributes towards deepening our understanding of what the new problems associated with achieving the goals of management and Economics in the 2020s and present possible solutions to the problems. This book is ideal for economists, businesses, managers, accountants, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students who are interested in the current issues and advancements in corporate governance and earnings management.

This book discusses current trends, challenges, and opportunities in the fields of business, hospitality, and tourism, particularly in Eastern Europe. Featuring selected papers presented at the second annual Modern Trends in Business Hospitality and Tourism International Conference held in Cluj-Napoca, Romania in 2022, this book explores sustainable business (re)modelling in various fields including hospitality and tourism from managerial, marketing, financial, and information technology & communications (IT&C) points of view. Topics include changing dimensions of modern business and hospitality post-COVID; business challenges and opportunities during crises; modern customer experiences; human capital leadership & organizational behavior, and investment financing in post-COVID-19 recovery.

Digital transformation is one of the most discussed topics today because of its impact on society and the economy. This book explores how digital transformation can be made sustainable and how sustainability strategies can be integrated into the different phases of digital transformation development. It shows how ICT experts, managers, and policy makers can contribute to a sustainable digital transformation by examining the technological, organizational, and societal implications. The book is based on a selection of best papers on this topic presented at the annual conference of the Italian Chapter of AIS in Trento, Italy, in October 2021.The plurality of views offered makes the book particularly relevant for scholars, companies, and organizations in the public sector.

Now published by Sage Foundations of Business Thought, Ninth Edition presents the writings of great contemporary and historical thinkers in an effort to develop the conceptual foundation for commercial activity in general and the ideals of accounting, finance, management, marketing, and operations/production in particular. This unique approach of using classical works of authorship reinforces the importance of clear, critical, and integrative thinking. Since 1993, many thousands of students across the United States have been introduced to the world of commerce and business through a process that makes business concepts at once understandable and intimately personal. Business is presented as a series of human connections designed to address the personal needs and wants of individuals based on sets of values and codes of ethics that guide our thoughts and actions in a market setting. Business techniques and tools may change over time but the essential goals and concepts of commercial activity remain unchanged across both geography and time. Inspired by a four volume set of books produced by the Harvard Business School in 1962, entitled The World of Business, this course and the book upon which it rests present the writings of great contemporary and historical thinkers in order to develop the conceptual foundation for commercial activity in general and the ideals of accounting, finance, management, marketing and operations/production in particular. This unique approach of using classical works of authorship reinforces the importance of clear, critical and integrative thinking. These works first outline the motivations for the development of commercial activity and, then, present the fundamental elements important to the foundation of a commercial society. These foundational concepts are followed by sections devoted to the various functional areas of business, again introduced by classical works that have both passed the test of time and provide unique insights into each of the areas. Faculty are provided with detailed instructions on methods of relating the material to contemporary business concepts and practice. While this roadmap provides structure for the material, faculty are encouraged to take advantage of their individual specialization and creativity. This could end up being one of the most enjoyable courses a faculty member will teach. Students are encouraged to be critical of the readings, of the concepts and, most particularly, their own notions about business and, at the same time, open to new ideas, the thoughts of others and the opportunities for personal growth. Through careful reading of the text, participating in classroom discussions, expanding knowledge through individual research and by writing position papers on contemporary business topics, this course has the potential to be one of the most impactful undergraduate or graduate courses students will take in their college career.

This is an open access book.Management science and engineering is a systematic discipline that combines modern information technology and digital technology, and then uses some related discipline methods, such as systems science, mathematical science, economics and behavioral science, and engineering methods. After analyzing and researching some problems arising from social economy, engineering, education, finance, etc., and making corresponding countermeasures. The main purpose is to achieve control and planning, decision-making and adjustment in social, economic, education, engineering and other aspects, and then make improvements, and finally organize and coordinate. The relevant departments can be combined to achieve system management, so that the allocation of resources and the Management can be rationally optimized, so that individual functions can play the greatest role, minimize resource consumption, and maximize the optimal allocation of resources. This is also the ultimate research purpose.Liangliang Wang said:'Management is the productive force, which promotes the development of the country, society and enterprise. The relationship between management practice and management science is the relationship between theory and practice. The research on management science helps to improve the level of management, and then promote the development of the country, society and enterprises. On the other hand, management practice changes with the continuous progress of the times. It is necessary to study the current situation and trend of management science in the new era, which will help to clarify the future development direction of the discipline and discover the deficiencies in management scientific research and grasp it. The focus of management science research, thereby promoting research in management science.'Therefore, it is necessary to create a space for management science practitioners, engineering practitioners, researchers and related enthusiasts to gather and discuss this current issue.The 2nd International Conference on Management Science and Software Engineering (ICMSSE 2022) aims to accommodate this need, as well as to:1. provide a platform for experts and scholars, engineers and technicians in the field of management and software engineering to share scientific research achievements and cutting-edge technologies2. understand academic development trends, broaden research ideas, strengthen academic research and discussion, and promote the industrialization cooperation of academic achievements3. Promote the institutionalization and standardization of management science through modern researchThe conference will focus on software processing and information systems, combining research directions in the field of management. ICMSSE International Conference on Management Science and Software Engineering welcomes papers dealing with management systems research, software programming, management systems optimization, information systems management, etc.The 2nd International Conference on Management Science and Software Engineering (ICMSSE 2022) will be held in Chongqing on July 15-17, 2022. The conference sincerely invites experts, scholars, business people and other relevant personnel from domestic and foreign universities, research institutions to participate in the exchange.

This book, bringing together selected papers from the 10th International Conference on Entrepreneurship, Business and Technology (InCEBT) on the overarching theme of ‘Industry Forward and Technology Transformation in Business and Entrepreneurship', provides the audience some preliminary understanding of the current and emerging trends in entrepreneurship and business activities. This includes the usage of information and digital technology in business, competition in a digital economy, its challenges and opportunities, and transformation of business and entrepreneurship for the forward industry.