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This book assesses the architecture of performance measurement systems (PMS) in emerging countries, utilizing a mix of theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence, with Bangladesh as a case context. It examines the evolution and improvement of performance measurement over time with the introduction of new tools, such as multiple dimensional measures and the balanced scorecard (BSC). The book explores the historical and cultural roots of PMS within the context of developing countries and its latest developments in the context of sustainability practices and sustainable development. Additionally, this book provides empirical evidence from the banking sector in Bangladesh, highlighting the factors driving firms to adopt new PMS. This book is an invaluable resource for researchers and policymakers interested in performance measurement systems in developing countries, offering a foundation for future research and policy initiatives.

It is quite easy to find corruption within nonprofits. This is particularly the case in the subsector of not-for-profits that are incorporated as traditional 501(c)(3) entities. With the continuing erosion of public confidence in charities, these institutions must act now, both individually and collectively, to bolster trust and ensure public support for nonprofits that has been a hallmark of American democracy. This book explores the causes of malfeasance in the nonprofit realm. It examines how the current inadequate regulatory environment—together with inherent “agency” problems—can lead organizations astray as they turn away from fulfilling donor wishes to instead act in their own self-interest. The book highlights the distinction between “soft corruption” in the nonprofit sector and “hard corruption.” The former includes the misuse of donor funds that do not cross the line into illegality and the latter covers explicitly illegal misappropriation of contributions. In Foul Play in the Nonprofit Sector, economist Mark S. LeClair provides constructive overviews regarding charity evaluation. Is it truly fair to judge nonprofits on their financials? The financial figures so frequently dictate the value of a nonprofit, and this often isn't the best way to judge a charity's performance. The manuscript includes suggestions for internal sectoral changes and regulatory reforms that can deter corruption at nonprofits.

Food security is a pressing concern in the Caribbean. Caribbean countries produce and export crops including sugar, bananas, and coffee, but this archipelago of states relies heavily on imported food when it comes to nourishing the Caribbean population. As much as 80% of the food consumed is imported. This is because the region does not have a robust domestic food crop or livestock sector. Much of the imported food is processed: high in sugar, fat, and salt. As a result, the region now has one of the highest rates of obesity in the Americas. And there are, as a consequence, heightened incidences of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. This negatively impacts the resources and budgets of health facilities in the Caribbean, which in turn hurts the developmental prospects of these Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Food Security in the Caribbean breaks down the concept of food security in all of its dimensions and critically analyzes the state of food security within four specific pillars: availability, access, utilization, and stability. Offering insights into key trends in food production, consumption, and access, the book combines data from the CARICOM Secretariat, Ministries of Agriculture, and other relevant institutions. Chapters highlight the historical and structural conditioning of the Caribbean agriculture sector as an exporter of select tropical commodities and overreliance on imports for domestic food consumption. Chapters critically examine the fitness of purpose of regional and national institutional frameworks, investment in infrastructure, land reform, and the development of appropriate agricultural research, technology, and extension systems. There is an examination of the role of neoliberal policies and the directives of international funding institutions. The authors also address important and emerging challenges posed by COVID-19 and supply chain issues resulting from international conflicts, such as the one in Ukraine. This is an invaluable resource for economic researchers, policymakers, practitioners, and students interested in addressing the complex challenges of food security in the Caribbean region and beyond.

This book provides a broad and insightful guide to the economic, social, and environmental concerns seen within Africa. It highlights the central economic challenges faced by African countries and outlines ways in which long-term sustainable development in Africa can be achieved. A particular focus in given to issues of poverty, inequality, and unemployment and how poor infrastructure, limited healthcare and education, and environmental deterioration are exacerbating these issues. By looking at the limited effectiveness of traditional development initiatives, a new framework for economic development is presented that focuses on community ownership and long-term sustainability and which acknowledges the history of colonisation, economic exploitation, and political instability that has held Africa back in the past.This book takes hope from countries within the Global South that have moved towards sustainable development and sets out ways in which other countries can follow them. It will be relevant to students, researchers, and policymakers interested in development and environmental economics.

This book broadens the reader's knowledge of several important issues having to do with the economy of Indonesia and its surrounding regions, to which Professor Iwan Jaya Azis has made significant contributions in the last 40 years. The book is divided into three parts, the first of which contains several chapters describing fundamental methods in regional economics, development economics, macroeconomics, and finance. These methods are crucial in understanding the political economy of Indonesia and the neighboring regions. Among the techniques discussed are social accounting matrix (SAM) analysis, computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling, and agent-based modeling (ABM) approaches. The second part is on several important issues related to the Indonesian economy. The topics covered are urbanization, resource booms, manufacturing, and micro and small enterprises. The book's third part deals with the economies of several countries in the neighboring Southeast Asian region, including the Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand.

This book analyzes and summarizes the process and achievements of China's economic restructuring from 1978 to 2018, including the objectives of China's economic restructuring, the initial stage of market-oriented reform (1979–1984), the comprehensive development stage of market-oriented reform (1985–1992), and the initial establishment stage of market-oriented reform system (1993–2000). The book illustrates the achievements and significance of China's economic system reform during the stage of system improvement (2001–2011) and the stage of comprehensive deepening reform focusing on market-oriented reform (2012–2018). It has great international significance to summarize the experiences of China's economic restructuring, and it is conducive to continuing the reform and achieving the final victory of the reform.

Focusing on these developing problems and growing troubles, this book mainly discusses economic growth issues related to demographic transition, as well as livelihood issues derived from them and closely related to policy logic. It aims to make theoretical analysis and provide necessary international experience and lessons and put forward targeted policy advice. This book proposes a three-pronged pattern of competition policy, industrial policy, and social policy to achieve productivity improvement and innovation momentum; gives full play to China's super-large market advantages, attractiveness and negotiating position; and promotes each other through domestic and international dual cycles to achieve a higher level of development.

This book aims to reveal the dynamic mechanism of China's economic system innovation. It measures the efficiency of China's economic growth under the New Normal with the tools of DEA, SFA, and PCA. The book analyzes the contribution of capital, labor, and productivity to China's economic growth by Solow residual value method and the power source of China's economic development under the New Normal. In this book, it adopts the vertical integration of logical thinking, combined with the horizontal diversification of topics, to show a brand-new research method.

This book bridges the gap between theoretical and empirical understandings of the informal sector to provide insight into the role of the informal sector within the development process. By analysing three economic sectors, it sets out a framework for analysing urbanisation, rural-urban migration, agriculture- industry relationship, income inequality, structural change, employment, and optimal growth. Through highlighting the economic contribution of the informal sector, its impact on the national output and influence on the labour market is shown, alongside how employment opportunities in the informal sector drive rural and urban migration. This book presents a nuanced understanding of the dynamics of the informal sector and its role in the development of economies. It will be of interest to researchers and policymakers working within development economics and growth economics.

This book explores the role of the informal sector at the beginning of the structural transformation of the Indian economy. It highlights the dynamic nature of the informal sector and the crucial role that it played in that transformation. The growth of the informal sector is analysed alongside the decline in agriculture and the growth of industry. Issues such as unemployment, wages, rural-to-rural migration, in addition to rural-to-urban migration, are discussed. The book also considers the role of social factors, including those relating to caste and tribe, in migration decisions. It also highlights the links between migration, the informal sector, and economic growth that are also relevant to other developing countries. This book will be of interest to students and researchers in development economics, development studies, and economic history.

This book examines the economic relationship between Africa and Europe. It highlights the stigmatized narratives about Africa and analyses how they influence a range of key actors and processes. This is illustrated by the actions of European actors who reinforce negative narratives through replacing real economic transformation and development with charity, while African leaders compete to maximize aid donations and help further these narratives. This book acknowledges the complex history of the relations between Africa and Europe and details the ways in which Africa has become a peripheral player in the world economy. It will be relevant to researchers and policymakers interested in development and African economics. This is an open access book.

This volume presents a collection of cases that examine the status of financial inclusion for women across a variety of states in the African continent. The book uses a qualitative research method and presents both primary to secondary data to narrate the impact of gender-responsive budgeting on women's empowerment and gender equality in these communities. The chapters present the analysis of the effectiveness of African state'approaches and share lessons that different African economies, whether currently booming or struggling, can enhance or implement toward the financial inclusion and gender budgeting response at all structural levels. The main objectives of this volume are to understand different processes for financial inclusion to gender issues at a national level and to help encourage reflection on what lessons could be learned between states and what factors cause divergence in multilateral settings so that they can be understood and addressed.

This book analyzes consumption patterns in Asian countries that are at different stages of economic development and highlights the similarities and disparities of consumption patterns across countries using a system-wide framework. In a departure from previous studies in the literature which mainly present only single-country analysis, this book aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of cross-country consumption patterns considering several Asian countries, using the most recent consumption expenditure data for aggregate commodity groups. In comparing consumption patterns across countries, the book use unit-free measurements such as budget shares and changes in logarithms of price and quantities, thus avoiding problems associated with exchange rate conversions. The book also analyses the dynamic behaviour in the consumption patterns of the Asian consumers. The findings of this book will be invaluable to researchers in development economics as well as policymakers in the formulation of fiscal policy or other types of economic control.

This book delves into China's transition to mid-to-high-end industries amid a new wave of global industrial revolution. It explores the fundamental principles and current dynamics of industrial upgrading, addressing topics such as industrial policies, managing overcapacity, and the removal of inefficient enterprises, all viewed through historical experiences, objective analyses, and systemic considerations. Based on the in-depth analysis of China's advantages, challenges and strategic choices, the book concludes that upgrading is a must way-to go for China, involving pivotal areas such as structural upgrading, value chain optimization, product space expanding, quality enhancing, platform economy and sharing economy developing, as well as the intersection of finance with industrial upgrading.

This book is a compilation of the best papers presented at the 2023 edition of the Asia-Pacific Conference on Economics & Finance (APEF), which is held annually in Singapore. It presents the latest research findings in economics and finance and discusses relevant issues in today's world. The book is a useful resource for readers who want access to economics, finance and business research that focusing on the Asia-Pacific region.

This book provides unique insight into economic development within the ASEAN region and its recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. With a particular focus on Indonesia, it highlights the historic importance of manufacturing within the region and how the sector remains vital, despite the Asian financial crisis, and central to sustainable and inclusive economic growth. The growing influence of digital technologies, including remote work, online services, and digital marketplaces, are highlighted, particularly in relation to economic mitigation and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Broader issues, such as FDI, human development, regional integration, R&D spillovers, labour productivity, and bilateral trade, are also discussed.This book highlights how ASEAN economies can be strengthened by innovation, trade, and increased productivity. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in development and international economics.

This book discusses the role played by powerful global institutions such as the IMF, the World Bank, the World Trade Organisation, multinational corporations, and the international credit rating agencies in keeping Africa marginalised in the world economy. The book focuses on the intrusive roles of these institutions as enablers and beneficiaries of capital outflows and financial subordination in Africa. Diverging from the official narrative that touts China and the other emerging economies as global reformers that are poised to partner Africa in its fight against financial subjugation, the book instead argues that, like the Western powers, the emerging economies are benefiting prodigiously from a rigged global financial system that keeps Africa as a net creditor to the rest of the world. The book draws its theoretical framework from the repressed heterodox theories including dependency, core-periphery, world systems and Marxist theories as well as the decolonial approach. It concludes with a call for a decolonial African agency that should champion an epistemic rebellion against the neo-liberal and neo-classic economic traditions that have been historically deployed to justify Africa's subordinated position in the global economic governance. This book comes at moment in time when Africa is ready to become a Rule Maker not a Rule Taker. The analysis Dr. Moyo presents having been in the front line of public policy and international negotiations demonstrate the need for Africa to re-write the rules to foster our own Transformation. Jason Rosario Braganza, Executive Director, African Forum and Network on Debt and Development (AFRODAD)

This book explores the disconnect between fiscal policy and macroeconomic development in South Africa. It analyses the factors that have contributed to the lack of economic growth in the country over recent decades and outlines an improved fiscal policy framework that increases investment and employment. Particular attention is given to the impact of government debt and its relationship with GDP, the connection between budget deficits and interest rates, and how economic policy uncertainty affects employment dynamics and inflation. This book provides practical fiscal policy suggestions to increase economic growth in South Africa and Africa more generally. It will be relevant to researchers and policymakers interested in African economics and economic policy.

This book continues the discussion from Volume 1 on the general considerations regarding global changes and contemporary economic issues in Asian countries in real terms. It offers a collection of original conference papers from the annual international conferences on “Contemporary economic issues in Asian countries” (CEIAC Conference) commenced in 2022 in collaboration with CIFOR-ICRAF, Sungkyunkwan University (Korea), and Tamkang University (Taiwan). The theme of the CEIAC Conference 2022 deals with broad aspects of the contemporary economic issues in Asian countries. It covers topics such as economics and business (economic theory, national and international income distribution, macroeconomic policies, sectors of economy, productivity developments, financial market, business governance, bank financing, etc.), green economy and sustainable development (developing process, development policy, public policy, sustainable growth, green growth, etc.), and international tradeand investment (international trade theory, free trade agreements, tariffs, intellectual property, international law, etc.). The book would interest a wide array of professors, researchers, lecturers, students in fields of economics, consultants, and decision makers interested in the issues related to economic issues in Asia.

This book makes general considerations regarding global changes and contemporary economic issues in Asian countries in real terms. It offers a collection of original conference papers from the annual international conferences on “Contemporary economic issues in Asian countries” (CEIAC Conference) commenced in 2022 in collaboration with CIFOR-ICRAF, Sungkyunkwan University (Korea), and Tamkang University (Taiwan). The theme of the CEIAC Conference 2022 deals with broad aspects of the contemporary economic issues in Asian countries. It covers topics such as economics and business (economic theory, national and international income distribution, macroeconomic policies, sectors of economy, productivity developments, financial market, business governance, bank financing, etc.), green economy and sustainable development (developing process, development policy, public policy, sustainable growth, green growth, etc.), and international trade and investment (international trade theory, free trade agreements, tariffs, intellectual property, international law, etc.). The book would interest a wide array of professors, researchers, lecturers, students in fields of economics, consultants, and decision makers interested in the issues related to economic issues in Asia.

The edited volume presents the conference proceedings from the “Sustainability, Economics, Innovation, Globalisation and Operational Psychology Conference 2023” (SEIGOP 2023), organized by the Centre for International Trade and Business in Asia (CITBA) at James Cook University, Singapore. This edited volume places the highly dynamic, but also, jeopardized climatological – geographical region of the Tropics centre stage. The region is developing rapidly, with significant progress being made through the development of innovative technologies. The Tropics represent a region in which people live amid the greatest level of biodiversity anywhere on the planet. Nonetheless, propelled by rapid population growth, the Tropics is a region on the rise, with higher living standards and increased levels of international trade and investment. Densely populated emerging countries like India, Indonesia and Nigeria will be among the largest economies of the world by the end of the century. These upward socioeconomic trends are compromised by the impact of climate change on the Tropics'biodiversity. Such developments have forced policymakers, businesses, and local communities to search for more sustainable and creative ways to live and work. For these reasons, this edited volume presents theory-driven conceptual, qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies on the impact of innovation-driven businesses on the complex interplay of socio-cultural, economic, and environmental factors in the Tropics.

This book focuses on the key issues around Chinese reform in the past 40 years, including economic structure upgrading, finance reform, enterprise ecology, village modernization, ecological development, income structure, global governance, BRI, and governance model. It collects the most important concerns and reveals the deep logic behind the reform. By reading this book, it helps readers to grasp the engine of China's continuous growth toward modernization in the four decades.

This book explores in detail how African countries dealt with the pandemic and how it affected different aspects of different economies and social structures. Observing how human beings change the environment and, specifically, how population growth and urbanization negatively impact nature, recently shocked economies and social upheaval in Africa indicate a crossroads moment for the continent. The book further adds to the knowledge base of how to build a more robust Africa with sustainable solutions working in tandem with vibrant and robust economies. Commonsense social strategies go hand in hand with trackable shocked economies via first- and second-moment reactions. Uncertainty shocks, in this case, interrelate via an umbrella effect. The authors evaluate theories of impact shocks using a sustainable growth and change model. Finally, key topics incorporate new urban thinking for economic recovery, developing sustainable economies post-COVID-19, understanding social practices during a crisis, and developing community robustness via shock events. The book integrates an interdisciplinary approach to understanding how to best mitigate the COVID-19 crisis as well as reduce future shocks to the African continent. It raises vital questions connecting the effects of lockdown measures, crisis causation, and shock impacts most countries faced over the last two-year period. The answers to these questions are not limited to economists and sociologists, instead, they magnify to include policymakers and everyday people. The nature of this book is to help piece together solutions for preparedness, a stronger understanding of sound development, and a united and resilient Pan-Africanism to best handle future shock events.

The book presents a rich collection of research studies on the theory and practice of corporate integrated reporting (IR) in South Asia. South Asia is emerging to compete in the world marketplace and one of fast economically growing regions to contribute to the global economy. As the region's economic development accelerates, balancing economic and environmental development appears as a key sustainability challenge for governments, investors, consumers, and local communities. Companies in South Asia region are therefore increasingly challenged to reduce their environmental impacts and to contribute to sustainable development. This book includes valuable contributions of advanced research, concepts, applications, developments and case studies on corporate IR and sustainability accounting in South Asia and the roles of different professional accounting bodies to strength corporate sustainability and build capacity in the South Asian Region.

This book is an innovative exercise to unravel recent advances in development fundamentals in emerging economies through Indian lens that include various aspects of macroeconomics, international trade, finance, and issues connected to social sector that have become more important in post-pandemic world. The book throws light on efficacy of existing policies and need of reform in policy framework to enhance growth and development and reduce gender disparities in the context of India and other emerging economies. The papers included in different chapters use frontline techniques to discuss various issues that in turn will be of great help for graduate and postgraduate teaching as well as for research. The book substantially contributes to the growing literature on issues relating trade, development, finance, and social sector in light of threat posed by COVID-19 pandemic in emerging market economies and extends the frontiers of knowledge.

Dieses Buch untersucht die Vergangenheit, die Gegenwart und die Perspektiven der regionalen wirtschaftlichen Integration in Afrika. Die empirische Analyse reicht von Gewerkschaften, die in den Jahren nach der Unabhängigkeit gegründet wurden, bis hin zur vorgeschlagenen Afrikanischen Kontinentalen Freihandelszone (AfCFTA), die darauf abzielt, Handelsbarrieren zwischen allen 55 afrikanischen Staaten zu beseitigen. Darüber hinaus wird untersucht, inwieweit die regionalen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaften (RECs) Afrikas gemäß einem linearen Integrationsmodell der Güter-, Arbeits- und Kapitalmärkte vorangekommen sind. Das Buch bewertet anschließend die Eignung des europäischen Modells einer tiefgreifenden Integration mit kostspieligen Institutionen für die spezifischen Bedingungen Afrikas, wobei beispielsweise die Rolle des informellen und nicht erfassten Handels berücksichtigt wird. Um die Logik der wirtschaftlichen Integration zu untermauern, werden stilisierte Fälle regionaler Arbeitsteilung mit steigenden Erträgen und unvollkommenem Wettbewerb vorgestellt. Frühere und aktuelle wirtschaftspolitische Maßnahmen in Afrika werden unter die Lupe genommen, um die Frage zu beantworten, wie afrikanische Regionen neue Fertigungsindustrien und Wertschöpfungsketten auf dem gesamten Kontinent am besten fördern können. Abschließend skizziert das Buch Inhalt und Verfahren der gemeinsamen Industriepolitik in den afrikanischen Regionen. Das Buch befasst sich auch mit dem kontroversen Thema der internationalen Handelsabkommen zwischen Entwicklungsländern und der Europäischen Union oder den USA und untersucht, ob diese Abkommen die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in Afrika behindern oder fördern. Das Buch enthält einen detaillierten Fahrplan, in dem beschrieben wird, wie die Schlüsselklauseln der Abkommen über wirtschaftliche Partnerschaft im Interesse der afrikanischen Länder verbessert werden können. Abschließend wird eine neue Vision einer gemeinsamen nachhaltigen Entwicklung für Afrika und Europa skizziert.

This book brings together fresh economic thinking for China at a turning point for the country. Decades of growth have brought new prosperity to China; economic turbulence in 2022 has led to calls for new thinking. 20 of China's top economists came together at 2022's Wudaokou Forum with innovative ideas and radical new perspectives; this book collects the best of the forum, in a volume that will be of interest to economists, China scholars and journalists.

This book presents a systemic view of the global environmental economy under the conditions of climate change from the positions of Sustainable Development Goals. The purpose of the book is to study the current problems of the global environmental economy under the conditions of climate change and to determine the prospects of its sustainable development (systemic support for the SDGs). This goal predetermines the logic and structure of the book, which is comprised of five parts.Part I presents the authors'novel view of the global environmental economy under the conditions of climate change from the positions of the SDGs. It reflects the contradiction and describes the path of preserving economic growth during the implementation of SDG 13. The COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis are considered as the result of the reduction of biodiversity under the conditions of climate change from the positions of SDG 3. Responsible innovations, eco-friendly products, and green trade are presented as trends of the environmental economy under the conditions of climate change to support SDG 12. Green jobs are analyzed in the environmental economy under the conditions of climate change during the implementation of SDG 8. The significance of social inclusivity and reduction of the inequality of the environmental economy under the conditions of climate change to support SDG 10 is noted.Part II elaborates on the sectoral specifics of the influence of climate change on the environmental economy: energetics, finance, industry, state management, and agriculture. Part III presents and discusses the international experience of development of the environmental economy under the conditions of climate change given the specifics of developed and developing countries and based on the case experience of Central Asia, the EAEU, and Russia.In Part IV, technological transition (Fourth Industrial Revolution) is offered as a perspective response of the global economic policy to climate change. Scenarios of the fight against climate change in the Decade of Action depending on the scale of the technological transition are described: digital economy vs Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0. The perspectives of the technological transition at the level of companies (creation of cyber-physical systems of Industry 4.0; green digital innovations and smart ESG finance) and regions (smart region as a socio-economic environment with large adaptability to climate change) are described.

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally altered the global economic landscape, with the smallest and most vulnerable economies particularly hard hit. In the Northern Triangle countries of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, the crisis has cost lives and livelihoods. It has impacted both the demand and supply sides of the economy, posing difficult policy tradeoffs. Risks to macroeconomic stability are now growing. Each country will likely exit the crisis with an even greater need for reform. Escaping the Governance Trap: Economic Reform in the Northern Triangle provides a framework for understanding the challenges of those three Central American nations, proposing that the lack of governing capacity in each country is a crucial problem. This book argues that economic reforms can help the Northern Triangle countries escape their governance traps and identifies priority areas of economic reform. Sectors covered include fiscal policy, monetary andexchange rate policy, financial access and deterrence, and structural reforms. It also highlights the role that stakeholders like the United States can play to help in these reform efforts, and how those outcomes affect the United States and the global community. All told, Escaping the Governance Trap provides an accessible, direct account of the Northern Triangle's economic challenges and how to fix them.

This book provides a thorough understanding of the key policy debates on international trade and investment for development with a focus on the East African Community (EAC) to strengthen Member States'capacity to develop policies to promote their exports'competitiveness and diversification. Beyond Member States', the book serves as a base for a deeper understanding of the challenges, opportunities and requirements of the intra-continental trade agreement which is now in sight with the ratification of the Tripartite (EAC-COMESA-SADC) Free Trade Area that is critical in addressing key constraints to trade in the African continent. Moreover, the lessons from this edited volume may also extend to the challenges and opportunities of the African Continental Free Trade Area. The book brings together a comprehensive overview and an evidence-based analysis that can be considered best practice in the region. The trade and investment policy analysis of constraints and opportunities aims to improve trade and competitiveness and covers macro- (economy-wide), meso- (sectoral) and micro- (firm or household) levels. This multi-level approach is crucial for understanding how current trade and investment policies limit competitiveness and diversification in order to identify more tangible policy action for overcoming such constraints. The individual contributors follow comprehensive applied empirical approaches, and each chapter generates knowledge needed to identify key challenges and opportunities focusing on research-led policy-relevant approaches that enable readers to better understand national, bilateral, and multilateral cooperation as well as policies for sustainable development in East Africa. The contributors know the EAC context very well as their engagement in policymaking goes beyond the context of the papers they are writing about. The individual chapters were developed as part of a research and capacity building programme under the aegis of ACP and EUthat we implemented in 2020-2022. The research project well fits into the Frontiers in African Business Research series as we have many African contributors. The contributions matter to policymakers and academic circles. For students, the book serves as an excellent guide for understanding international trade and investment theories and gaining up-to-date knowledge on developments in the world economy and their effects on developing countries and SDGs. Trade policy researchers and students will be able to extend theories and empirical data to address new and emerging topics beyond the settings already covered in the book.

This book presents economic statistics of Korea in the past three centuries, focusing on the century following 1910. The data, typically time series rather than cross-sectional, are given in 22 chapters, which refer to population, wages, prices, education, health, national income and wealth, and technology, among others. Rather than simply putting together available data, the contributors to this statistical compendium made adjustments to ensure intertemporal consistency when required. An overview draws attention to the discontinuous shifts occurring over time in the quantity and quality of the statistical information available, which was associated with the regime changes Korea underwent including the imposition of Japanese rule in 1910 and de-colonization and split into two Koreas three and half decades later. Individual chapters begin with a brief introduction, which helps users better understand and use the data. Data sources and references in the Japanese and Korean language are fully provided following the standard Hepburn and McCune–Reischauer Romanization with English translation to assist users to identify materials and explore more deeply the wealth of statistical data waiting to be analyzed.

One of the driving forces in catalyzing sustainable development interventions is systems accountability. This book tackles the notion of systems accountability in the context of enterprise and broader development planning, providing diversely institutionalized and applied implications for Africa. This compilation of innovatively selected chapters is not only relevant to contemporary corporate and public sector management, but also a timely guide on the role of digitalization in delivering real-time traceability by bridging gaps in confidence, data silos, distrust, shared credentials, and accountability. Understanding how to eliminate unnecessary layers of middlemen policy brokers and their rent seeking behaviors would provide further insights into how small enterprises and non-profit operate, their challenges or pitfalls, and how they can be improved to better manage the relevant systems.

This book analyzes conflicting political views and narratives held by different forces, both at the local and regional levels in the Middle East. Based on case studies and analysis of local economic projects, it highlights the often conflicting concepts and visions for economic and social development in the Middle East as espoused by rival political groups and grassroots organizations. The book also discusses the power of perceptions and knowledge production in shifting dynamics of power and changing the social-political dynamics in the Middle East. Furthermore, it provides a case study on the multidimensional problem of the Sykes-Picot Agreement. It will appeal to scholars of Middle Eastern politics and economics as well as political decision-makers and investors, interested in the political and economic development of the Middle East.

This book discusses the social and economic problems currently faced by Brazil as one of the largest “emerging countries”. It examines the prospects of Brazilian development from an interdisciplinary perspective, and studies both socio-economic and political variables. The book embraces the large period of Brazil's development in the 20th and the first decades of the 21st Century. The peculiar attention is drawn to the short period of prosperity under the left-centrist governments as a continuation of the previous conservative modernisation model, which produced an increased dependency on China and a premature deindustrialisation of the economy. Assessing Brazilian statistics on households'incomes and consumption, the book subsequently discusses the lack of strong social actors as the main problem in today's Brazil. In closing, it examines probable scenarios for the country's development and compares the situation to other “emerging countries”, including the Asian giants, China and India. The book addresses the needs of researchers in the fields of political science, economics and sociology who are seeking a better understanding of emerging countries, and the Brazilian case in particular.

This book examines the impact of neoliberalism on peasant agriculture as a key livelihood strategy in Southern and Eastern Africa, against the background of the current development crisis and the crossroads that Southern and Eastern Africa faces. It systematically analyses how the neoliberal architecture has deepened extroverted production for capitalist accumulation and how this has been to the detriment of the rural labour force and small scale and communal landowners. Apart from examining how neoliberalism has triggered land alienations, the book further argues that such policies have also impacted negatively on food security in a number of ways. The book presents empirical evidence through twelve case studies, emerging from in-depth original fieldwork carried out in seven countries in the Southern and Eastern African region. This book is a must-read for scholars of economics,sociology, anthropology, history, agrarian studies and political science, as well as practitioners and policy-makers, interested in a better understanding of the impact of the agrarian neoliberal restructuring on the peasantry in Southern Africa.

This book is a compass for resource rich-developing countries, taking Mongolia as a case study. Policy aspects of the development of the mining sector in developing countries such as Mongolia and its impact on the economy and society are reviewed. The book deals with specific industry policies and challenges identified by policy makers, its characteristics and policy recommendations moving forward with an emphasis on the importance of evidence-based policy making (EBPM). It begins with the country's development strategy and the role of the mining industry, highlighting the fact that major strategic and policy documents still suffer from ambiguity and clear guidance as well as gaps in policy directions. The book also highlights the need for policy makers to improve transparency initiatives. Authors emphasize transparency or lack thereof in mining contracts, taxation, trading, and marketing and provide specific policy recommendations and alternative policy actions. The macroeconomic and social impact of the mining sector and the role of foreign direct investment is also discussed. Particularly, utilizing in-house economic analytical tools, the role and impact of resource revenue management policy in Mongolia is evaluated. Further, the impact of mining projects on the livelihood of local households as well as the importance of obtaining a social license to operate is discussed. This monograph is recommended for readers who want an in-depth comprehensive understanding of the mining sector, EBPM, and key lessons learned in managing natural resources in Mongolia.

The Caribbean economy remains a region with many paradoxes. Despite a relative abundance of natural and valuable resources, including its people, large segments of the region still grapple with significant levels of debt, environmental degradation, high unemployment in the formal sector, climate change, limited progress in technological innovation, increasing energy costs, remittance dependency, tourism dependency, loss of correspondent banking relations, exchange rate, noncommunicable diseases, and domestic politics to name more than a few. The poorest countries still lag and remain far more vulnerable to external factors related to trade and global financial sector issues. This edited volume takes a closer look at the contemporary issues related to the economies of the Caribbean. The book provides an added dimension in that each of the chapters includes the contributions of a scholar with lived experiences in and knowledge of the region. Indeed, the book underscores the detailed evidence-based research and perspectives on topics providing insights into the current landscape of the Caribbean. Ultimately, understanding the Caribbean in its varied contexts is an important milestone in pursuing policies that will contribute to flourishing economies replete with sustained growth and development.

This volume addresses economic challenges and policy reforms in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Despite important resources and strategic advantages, the region suffers from a number of economic, social, and political problems that impedes normal economic take-off. The volume contains theoretical and empirical studies covering individual countries and panel studies addressing these economic challenges. Chapters address issues such as economic growth; poverty and inequality; subsidies and public finances policies; external trade and financial liberalization; remittances,corruption, transparency, and institutions; renewable energy, digitalization, terrorism, regional integration, capital flight,money laundering, financial development and brain drain. Providing a comprehensive understanding of the most important and urgent economic challenges in the region, this volume will be a useful reference for researchers and policymakers interested in the MENA region.

This book presents an in-depth analysis of key recommendations of the consecutive state finance commissions (SFCs) across states of India in the local and national perspective. It reviews the working of SFCs and their critical role in strengthening local governments, both Panchayats and municipalities in the various states. The volume attempts to identify some of the emerging issues related to the efficacy of SFC in fiscal decentralization. It appraises nearly eighty SFC reports and actions taken thereon by the respective State Governments with contextual analysis.

This book explores Jamaica's contemporary relationship with the International Monetary Fund since 2010. It looks at Jamaica's high debt and its inability to access financial support amidst international capital market restrictions, contextualizing harsh socio-economic realities. This book discusses Jamaica's second return to the IMF and the resulting network of actors, governance and political and socio-economic efforts to re-engender a relationship with a “new'IMF. Credibility was restored, demonstrated by and leading to the successful implementation of the 2013 Extended Fund Facility and subsequent exit to a Precautionary Stand-By Arrangement in 2016. Clarke and Nelson signal from their analyses lessons learned, discussing the economic prognosis for Jamaica as well as their relationship with the IMF under the shadow of the COVID pandemic.

This book seeks to illuminate what China's Belt and Road initiative truly means for the global south, offering historical context and explaining the vision that the Chinese State has in coordinating actions in the territorial, political and economic spheres in a multilateral pretension. How does the BRI generate economic returns for China, and what are the political and economic impacts of the BRI? In this provocative and deeply researched new work, the authors provide a new framework for understanding the BRI, one which will be useful to scholars, policymakers and economists.

The book presents a comprehensive and incisive analysis of Structural transformation which is among the most relevant and crucial themes of contemporary economics. Structural transformation is the edifice that is the basis of the next phase of economic transformation. The book demonstrates that structural transformation cannot be shoe horned into a single point formula, it is not merely about achieving a double-digit growth rate, nor it is achieved by an overarching emphasis on rapid technological advancement. Based on empirical evidence pertinent to developed and developing nations and present imperatives the book provides a comprehensive elucidation that structural transformation will be profoundly determined by the empirics of investment, Innovation and Institutions.

This book includes papers presented at the 11th International Conference “Economies of the Balkan and Eastern European Countries” (EBEEC), held in Bucharest, Romania, in May 2019. It sheds new light on the micro- and macroeconomic developments in the Eastern European and Balkan countries, while at the same time taking into account the broader regional and global factors influencing these developments. By examining how the decisions and the performance of economic, social and political actors in the region are intertwined with wider regional and global events, the contributions highlight the dynamic development in Eastern Europe and the Balkans region. Further, the book demonstrates how the region has overcome numerous challenges in the past and is evolving within the framework of European economic integration and the global effervescent economy.

The book contributes to the growing literature pertaining to empirical and policy issues in international trade, foreign capital flows and issues in finance, implications for India and emerging economies related to trade and development interface, and analysis of sector level growth and development in India. Further, the focus is on the policy aspects of these themes and their role in fostering economic development in the context of India and other emerging market economies. The discourse focuses mainly on empirical work and econometric details. The relevant issues are investigated using state of the art techniques such as gravity models, panel co-integration, generalized hyperbolic distributions, SEM, FMOLS and Probit models. In addition, detailed literature survey, discussions on data availability, issues related to statistical estimation techniques and a theoretical background, ensure that each chapter significantly contributes to the ever-growing literature on international trade and capital flows. The readers shall find an engaging dialogue on the crucial role played by policy and the trade-capital flows-growth experience of emerging economies. The book is relevant for those who are interested in contemporary issues in trade, growth and finance as well as for students of advanced econometrics who may benefit from the analytical and econometric exposition. The empirical evidences provided here could serve as ready reference for academicians, researchers and policy makers, particularly in emerging economies facing similar challenges.

This book examines the theory and global evidence on structural transformation along with stylised facts and implications using, among others, a dynamic panel model, for South Asia. The characteristics of the structural transformation process in Bangladesh bring out the relevance of a comprehensive and inclusive South Asian ‘brand'in view of the challenges of large population size, high burden of poverty, rising inequalities and its compulsion to achieve rapid and sustained inclusive development.The analysis highlights several distinct characteristics of Bangladesh's structural transformation including changes in value added, trade, employment, productivity, formal-informal jobs, and opportunities for low-skilled workers. The book suggests that the manufacturing sector could not create the required number of jobs and generate rapid absolute and relative productivity gains in the Bangladesh economy. Although the services sector has largely led output and employment growth, servicessubsectors with strong labour absorptive capacity have low average productivity. Hence, growth-enhancing structural transformation led by these subsectors is likely to be less dynamic than required for rapid employment-creating growth in the economy. The book's analysis on COVID-19 and cyclone Amphan shows that an integrated disaster and development paradigm is needed for Bangladesh. An inclusive and health and well-being focused structural transformation presents the pathway to advance the people-centred approach to development in Bangladesh through both vulnerability reduction and investments in sustainable development that would offset both known and unknown disaster threats. The key for Bangladesh is to skillfully manage the ‘developer's dilemma'of achieving both structural transformation in terms of large productivity gains and inclusive growth for reducing poverty and rising inequalities. This book is relevant to students, academicians and development practitioners and others interested in contemporary development.

Located within the plantation economy model of the “New World Group” of The University of the West Indies, this book explores how the changes in the European Union's sugar regime impacted a sugar-dependent community in Jamaica. It details how the end of centuries of preferential treatment of Jamaican sugar in the British/European market in 2005 worsened the social and environmental realities of the Monymusk community in Clarendon, Jamaica, which depended on the sugar industry. In describing the response of the Jamaican Government to the changes in the EU Sugar Regime, and the subsequent roll-out of an EU funded adaptation strategy, the author provides some unique perspectives on this process, drawing on his experience as a senior civil servant involved in the process. The book also highlights the continued social and environmental impact on the area since 2015. The book concludes with a discussion on the empirical findings and how those findings contribute to the debates on the dependency perpetuated by the Plantation Economy Model of development and the failure of neo-liberal influenced government policies, as well as the lack of imagination of post-independent governments to break this dependency and deliver on the promise of independence.

This book shows a panorama of sustainable development practices covering 70 major cities. This book has created the analysis framework of the “New Normal” of China's economy, demonstrated the features and connotation of the'New Normal', carried out in-depth analysis and systematic study on the connotation and extension of the “New Normal” of China's economy from ten aspects including growth shift, structural upgrading, innovation drive, regional synergy, moderate inflation, reform bonus, opening-up forced, risk exposure, sustainable development and macro-control in details and proposed targeted policy suggestions with practical application value that adapt to the new normal of China's economy and ensure the sustained, steady and healthy operation of the macro-economy.

In light of the growing global economic importance of East Asia, this book analyzes and compares the extraordinary development paths and strategies of Japan, South Korea, and China. It examines both the factors that enabled these countries'prolonged periods of high-speed economic growth, and the reasons for their subsequent “cool-downs.” In addition, the book illustrates how their development strategies served as role models for one another, and what current and future developing countries can learn from the East Asian success stories. This book will appeal to scholars and students of economics and development studies with an interest in the East Asian development model.

The book aims to analyse and evaluate the strategic positioning of China's participation in terms of firm-level performance in the generation of infrastructure capacity in African countries. Africa counts among its development challenges a major bottleneck of infrastructure capacity and shortage of investable capital. China's long period of high growth generates the strengths to secure availability of energy from Africa by enhancing infrastructure provision for the region. To achieve this complementary macro-level development, beyond the traditional dimension of infrastructure provision (ODA), Chinese IMNEs become the vital players on the intersection of these processes. Thus this research makes practical and analytical contributions to international business studies and development issues by making concrete the analysis of bilateral development processes from a macro context to a micro level framework (e.g. focusing on ICT and construction sectors), then fitting this into the realworld story. Infrastructure itself is a key element for potential investment and development processes. Therefore, how IMNEs achieve not only exist simply in a way of a commercial-oriented investment, but also in their implications for development and political related issues.

The book argues that an increasing corporatisation of agriculture in India that is enabled by its neoliberal State, in the name of ‘development', is contributing towards deepening of inequality in the rural India.It says that Contract Farming (CF) acts as a conduit that enables the coming together of myriad production relations (mercantile, finance, productive) to sell agri-commodities to the capitalist peasant. It is an accumulation strategy that brings together various factions of domestic and foreign capital together. It shows that CF as an accumulation strategy is enabled by an active interventionist state and this neoliberal Indian state mediates the relation between the agri-capital and Indian peasantry. The book further analyzes contract farming as a part of the totality of the capitalist mode of production in context of developing countries with a large agrarian base--- asking three fundamental questions – what is CF, how and why is it done and what are the implications of it.