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The thirty-fourth volume of the NBER Macroeconomics Annual features theoretical and empirical studies of issues in contemporary macroeconomics and a keynote address by James Stock, a member of President Obama's Council of Economic Advisers from 2013 to 2014. Chong-en Bai, Chang-Tai Hsieh, and Zheng Song examine the “special deals” provided by Chinese local governments to favored private firms and their effects on economic growth. Matias Covarrubias, Germán Gutiérrez, and Thomas Philippon study the evolution of profits, investment, and market shares in US industries over the past forty years and find evidence of inefficient concentration and barriers to entry since 2000. David Debortoli, Jordi Galí, and Luca Gambetti assess whether recent economic performance was affected by a binding zero lower bound constraint on the interest rate. Michael McLeay and Silvana Tenreyro explain why it is difficult to empirically identify the Phillips curve (a key element of the policy framework used by central banks) using aggregate data. The authors suggest using regional variation in unemployment and inflation to estimate the relationship between these variables. Margherita Borella, Mariacristina De Nardi, and Fang Yang examine the effects of shorter life expectancies, higher medical expenses, and lower wages for white, non-college-educated Americans born in the 1960s on labor supply and retirement savings. Nir Jaimovich, Sergio Rebelo, Arlene Wong, and Miao Ben Zhang investigate the role that increases in the quality of the goods consumed (“trading up”) played in the rise of the skill premium that occurred in the last four decades.

This comprehensive textbook deals with multidimensional aspects of macroeconomics through lucid presentation of concepts and critical comparison of different schools of thought.The book explains how the incomes of a country, prices of goods and services, level of employment, interest rates and so on are determined and how an economy progresses. It attempts to re-establish the existing theories behind the determination of macro variables and the growth process of an economy. In the process, it captures the significance of the debate between the classical orthodox theories and Keynesian modernism and its implications.Besides, adhering to traditional aspects, the volume also focuses on recent developments such as green macroeconomics. Undergraduate and postgraduate students of economics and business economics will find this book immensely helpful.

The Routledge International Handbook of Complexity Economics covers the historical developments and early concerns of complexity theorists and brings them into engagement with the world today.In this volume, a distinguished group of international scholars explore the state of the art of complexity economics, and how it may deliver new and relevant insights to the challenges of the 21st century. Complexity science started in 1899 when Henri Poincaré described the three-body problem. The first approaches in economics emerged somewhat later, in the 1980s, driven by the Brussels-Austin school. Since then, complexity economics has gone through numerous developments: departing from linear simplifications, applying physical algorithms, to evolutionary economics and big data. This book covers the basic principles and methods, and offers an overview of the various domains—ranging from diverse fields of productivity studies, agricultural economics, to monetary economics—as well as the current challenges such as climate change, epidemics and economic inequality where complexity economics can provide insight. It closes with a review of complexity political economy and policy.Offering a vibrant alternative to orthodox economics, this handbook is a crucial resource for advanced students, researchers and economists across the disciplines of heterodox economics, economic theory and econophysics.

This book explains information agglomeration, a new concept we devise under the influence of Hidalgo (2015). Our concept of information agglomeration applies to an economy with horizontal divisions, while an ordinary concept of industry agglomeration means spillover effects of corporate firms on another ones in vertically integrated industries. In a horizontally divided economy of ‘a society in which the capacities of individuals greatly surpass their individual knowledge'as Hidalgo (2015) envisages, ‘the combinatorial creativity emerges from our species'ability to crystallize imagination.” Consequently, it is likely that information agglomerates in such knowledge-oriented economies. We take the Japanese auto parts suppliers for example. The production system in which highly modularized products are crafted by skilled labors and multipurpose machines was called flexible specialization instead of mass production by Piore and Sabel (1984). However, the conventional economics of transaction costs pioneered by Ronald Coase and Oliver Williamson suggests that it is costly for dispersed organizational networks to make and sustain creational links to accumulate vast volumes of knowledge/ information. We wonder what has made information agglomeration possible for the Japanese auto parts suppliers with the flexible specialization. What has lowered the transaction costs associated with the organizational links? We consider what causes the information agglomeration to amplify in the supply chains, constructing economic models of some hypotheses on the driving forces of information agglomeration and utilizing firm-level and establish-level micro data to empirically test these hypotheses. Finally, based on the empirical evidence on information agglomeration, we shed light on whither fast-evolving automobile manufacturing in Japan that autonomous driving technology is likely to exert traction on.

Building on past research in the broad field of stakeholder management and entrepreneurship, this book pushes a new agenda for more effective stakeholder engagement and management in entrepreneurial firms in Africa.Adomako, Gyensare, and Ahsan provide a novel lens for entrepreneurs to manage stakeholders in Africa and a sense of current best practices. Issues discussed include how external stakeholders such as government, nongovernmental organizations, media, civil society organizations, and local institutions influence the core business operations of entrepreneurial firms. The book confronts the central challenge of entrepreneurship by providing a comprehensive understanding of how entrepreneurs could identify, select, enroll, and coordinate stakeholders. In addition, it assesses issues such as stakeholder influence on corporate social responsibility strategy, sustainability, and environmental management of entrepreneurial firms.An essential read for postgraduate students, researchers, and public and private analysts.

Recent years have seen a return to high inflation that has sparked debate about the causal role of monetary policy in significant price increases, especially in the context of the quantity theory of money. This book builds upon a long-accepted tradition of quantity theory of money in explaining long-run inflation levels.It elucidates how and why – despite its important limitations – the theory can be applied throughout history, including the 2022 spikes in inflation. It also demonstrates how and why the quantity theory, with some internally good reasons, is not part of the modern monetary policy framework. The book argues that firstly, the issue of non-operationability of the money supply is a policy problem, but not a causality problem. Secondly, while some models can work without money, and while a simple deterministic relationship between money base and aggregates may not exist, the author shows that there is still room for quantity theory to be true. Thirdly, perhaps most importantly, as the book shows, the apparent lack of a relationship between the inflation index and money supply with single-digit inflation is a statistical artifact resulting from confounding factors. To conclude, although the quantity theory of money has not been employed in recent Central bank policy, it still holds up surprisingly well in explaining real world phenomena, including the current record inflation levels.The practical significance of this book is to illustrate to researchers and scholars how classical macroeconomic thinking can explain key monetary factors that lead to inflation, but also at the same time show that it is fully compatible with modern macroeconomics and is not just a thing of the past.

Gute Eigentumsrechte, die vom Staat geschaffen und durchgesetzt werden, sind eine der Grundvoraussetzungen für wirtschaftliche Prosperität. Bislang ist aber noch unzureichend geklärt, was man genau unter'guten Eigentumsrechten'(institutionelle Qualität) versteht, und wie stark diese die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung eines Landes beeinflussen. Markus Kobler untersucht dies und entwickelt einen eigenen Ansatz, mit dem sich die institutionelle Qualität und ihre Bestimmungsgründe systematisch analysieren lassen. Dieser Ansatz konzentriert sich einerseits auf die staatliche Macht, die genügend groß sein sollte, damit der Staat innerhalb seiner geographischen Grenzen gesellschaftlich optimale Eigentumsrechte schaffen und durchsetzen kann. Andererseits ist eine glaubwürdige Bindung des Staates notwendig, so daß dieser verpflichtet ist, die besagten Rechte auch zu erarbeiten und durchzusetzen. Der Autor untersucht außerdem, wie die Einkommens- und Vermögensverteilung sowie die Informationsfreiheit in einer Gesellschaft über die staatliche Macht und Bindung die institutionelle Qualität beeinflussen. Schließlich unterzieht er seine verschiedenen theoretischen Überlegungen einer umfassenden empirischen Überprüfung, die sich auf insgesamt 133 Länder und den Zeitraum von 1960 bis 1989 stützt.

This book is a collection of empirical and theoretical research papers regarding'Fiscal Policy'written by researchers from several different universities. The studies include a wide range of topics from issues in'Fiscal Policy'. The book is aimed at educators, researchers, and students interested in'Fiscal Policy'.

This book investigates the relationship between leadership styles and organizational performance, grounded in contemporary theories and empirical evidence, presenting the multifaceted dimensions of leadership and their influence on fostering high-performance cultures in organizations. Several chapters of the book use different methods, some applies quantitative data and others qualitative insights from in-depth analysis. It analyses the efficacy of transformational, transactional, laissez-faire, and servant leadership styles, evaluating their differential impact on team dynamics, innovation, employee engagement, and performance. Findings suggest a relationship between leadership styles and organizational outcomes, highlighting the leadership strategies tailored to contextual demands. While transformational leadership shows a positive correlation with innovation and employee motivation, transactional leadership contributes to short-term goal achievement, and laissez-faire leadership is analysed in the context of structured environments. Additionally, the book discusses the relevance of servant leadership in fostering sustainable, inclusive organizational cultures, thereby enhancing long-term performance. The research presented in this book underscores the imperative for leaders to adopt a hybrid and agile approach, integrating diverse leadership styles based on situational requirements and organizational goals. Furthermore, it emphasizes the important role of leadership development programs for organizations to be prepared to overcome the challenges of the current contexts.

This is an open access book.- Background：Financial globalization plays a huge role in promoting the development of the world economy and the optimal allocation of world resources, stimulates the accelerated development of the international division of labor, and increases the international flow of production factors such as industrial transfer, capital transfer, and technology transfer. It enables developing countries to make up for the lack of their own capital and technology, and obtain industrial evolution, technological progress, and institutional innovation, thereby accelerating the speed of economic development; it also enables developed countries to open up cheap labor, raw material markets and broad consumer markets, prolonging product value. More profits, ease the economy, the contradiction of stagflation, and restore economic growth.- Present situation：At the current stage, the overall environment of the international financial market is relatively stable, and the market environment has been improved to some extent.However, due to the complexity and diversity of the world economy, coupled with the national characteristics of some countries, There is great uncertainty in international policies, which has greatly affected the stability of the international financial market.In addition, the current international environment is changing. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the epidemic, and the Taiwan issue have all had an impact on the international economic situation. This is also the difference between this conference and previous conferences. we hope to have a deeper discussion on the current situation.- Objectives of this conference：The 9th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2024) aims to accommodate this need, as well as to:1. provide a platform for experts and scholars, engineers and technicians in the field of financial Innovation and economic development to share scientific research achievements and cutting-edge technologies2. Understand academic development trends, broaden research ideas, strengthen academic research and discussion, and promote the industrialization cooperation of academic achievements3. Promote the institutionalization and standardization of Financial Innovation and Economic Development through modern research4. Increasing the number of scientific publications for financial Innovation and economic development- Conference information：As an annual conference held successfully in the past 8 years, the 9th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2024) will be held in Ningbo on January 12–14, 2024. The conference sincerely invites experts, scholars, business people and other relevant personnel from domestic and foreign universities, research institutions to participate in the exchange.We warmly invite you to participate in ICFIED 2024 and look forward to seeing you in Ningbo, China.

The inside story of the unprecedented restructuring of Greece's debt in 2012—the largest restructuring in history—and how the Eurozone was stabilized and Greece was saved from exit from the Euro and economic calamity. In the fall of 2009, the world economy was beginning to recover from the global financial crisis that had shaken global markets and had led to a sharp recession. At the same time, Europe was entering a new phase of economic stress. By the spring of 2011, the European economy had exploded into a full-blown crisis with Greece at the center. The euro, a currency just over a decade old, was under severe pressure and there was growing speculation about Greece leaving the Eurozone and thereby fracturing the common currency, leading potentially to an unraveling of the euro. Against this backdrop, urgent negotiations were launched to pull Greece and Europe back from the brink of disaster. This is the inside story of those negotiations.

Economic Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic simplifies the vast topic of the global economy, pandemics, and their intersection. This book helps us understand the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic impact in a clear and concise manner. The basics are thoroughly explained before diving into the detailed effects.We present substantial information in a compact form, providing in-depth knowledge without being overwhelming. This book covers the definition, economic impacts by industry/sector, and responses from various countries, offering extensive coverage of each aspect.Incorporating tables, figures, and graphs, this book provides a comprehensive view. We use reliable and credible sources like WHO, UNIDO, and CDC to ensure accuracy. After reading this book, there's no need to seek additional sources for information on the pandemic's impact on the world economy. This book is perfect for anyone seeking complete and summarized information on the economic impact of COVID-19.

This is an open access book. We proudly present the 2023 Brawijaya International Conference (BIC 2023) as the consecutive series of conferences that is organised and hosted annually by Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia. The BIC 2023 will be held in Lombok, Indonesia, on October 19 – 21, 2023. The conference committee consists of multi department of Univeritas Brawijaya. The BIC 2023 will present multidisciplinary research findings related to sustainable development goals. The BIC 2023 will be a great opportunity for exchanging ideas and knowledge in all multidisciplinary areas for academicians, scientists, practitioners, and global executives. The event will facilitate a focus group discussion and consultation for the participants, especially stakeholders, to address the current issues and challenges including the future invention and innovation within multidisciplinary areas. The BIC 2023 invites fellow researchers/scientists, students, practitioners, global executives from multidisciplinary areas to participate and gather in this event to share and discuss the related research result and finding from all multidisciplinary areas. You should not miss the great opportunity to establish partnership and acquire tremendous knowledge within the BIC 2023.

Caminhos da Inovação é sua chave para o valioso cofre de lições e experiências vivenciadas pelo especialista em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Valter Pieracciani. O processo da Gestão da Inovação tem evoluído no decorrer das gerações. Ontem mais rústico, hoje com mais foco em emoções, é constantemente trabalhado e aprimorado para superar crises e desafios do dia a dia. Adaptar-se e sobreviver às crises demandam estratégias cada vez mais criativas. A concorrência já não é ganha apenas com qualidade e durabilidade, isso será copiado sem muito esforço; o que vai distinguir o bom do melhor é sua capacidade de inovação. Empresas inovadoras lideram a indústria, pessoas inovadoras chegam muito mais longe. E, ao contrário do que alguns pensam, a arte da inovação não está só nas mãos dos Zuckerbergs, Musks ou qualquer outro estrangeiro que lhe venha à cabeça. Muito desse potencial criativo emana daqui mesmo do Brasil. Este livro compila artigos e ensaios escritos ao longo de anos para portais digitais, como Brasil Post, Automotive Business, InfoMoney e Olhar Digital, e se torna um guia para líderes, gestores, empreendedores e todo aquele que tem a chama da inovação, ainda que adormecida, dentro de si. Valter Pieracciani nos instrui, em um passeio por anos de trabalho, sobre a capacidade intrínseca da humanidade em inovar.

Solidarity economy-based alternative spaces result from an interface among structural factors, institutional regimes and forms of collective action that mobilise narratives of change, collective identities and non-capitalist economic practices.This book analyses how solidarity economy initiatives develop alternative spatialities as counterpower to mainstream economy. Based on case studies in Europe, Latin America, and Asia, it elaborates on how different scales of solidarity economy-based alternative spaces result from an interface among structural factors, institutional regimes and forms of collective action that mobilise narratives of change, collective identities and non-capitalist economic practices.

This book deploys quantitative methods to focus on the operation of the Chinese economy as a whole since the reforms in 1978, by combining a range of mathematical, algorithmic and computational methods to analyze rich empirical data, seeking to demonstrate the long-term economic trends and dynamics of economic growth and fluctuations in China.To answer the core question of how the Chinese economy became what it is, the author draws on dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) modeling and calibration, while also exploring microfoundations to reveal optimization behavior within a context of economic change at the macrolevel. The book examines internal shocks in the Chinese economic system, including institutional changes, credit policy and monetary policy, which are all closely associated with issues of enhancing the coordination and sustainability of development and the effectiveness and efficiency of policy reforms. It also elaborates on China's close interactions with the global economy, shedding light on the dynamic effects of energy prices, the Chinese Yuan exchange rate and foreign direct investment.This book is an essential reference for researchers and students interested in the Chinese economy, methods of microeconomic dynamics and macroeconomic theory and policy.

This textbook provides an expert overview of the challenge of arts and cultural leadership in the contemporary world. Grounded in theories of sustainability and with a renewed global focus for this second edition, the author's insights from contemporary arts organizations facilitate meaningful student comprehension. Drawing on the work of practitioners and theorists in the fields of philosophy, biology, and ecology as well as the arts, Foster proposes a rethinking of organizational design, strategy, and structure that is based on ecological concepts and the creative process that is intrinsic to the arts rather than the conventional business model that currently prevails, particularly in western arts and culture organizations. He contests conventional thinking about arts administration and management and urges arts leaders to foreground innovation as they reimagine their organizations for a world unlike any other. New sections include an enhanced theoretical discussion as well as new material on business models, strategy, and organizational design and practice. Applicable to any arts organization, the entrepreneurial focus is especially relevant in the aftermath of the global pandemic, the ongoing climate crisis, and the quest for democracy and social justice.This updated edition will be a valuable resource both for present-day arts and cultural leaders who are working to adapt to the current environment as well as students and future leaders who aspire to make change in the world through arts and cultural leadership.

A stellar cast of economists examines the roles of creative destruction in addressing today's most important political and social questions.Inequality is rising, growth is stagnant while rents accumulate, the environment is suffering, and the COVID-19 pandemic exposed every crack in the systems of global capitalism. How can we restart growth? Can our societies be made fairer? Editors Ufuk Akcigit and John Van Reenen assemble a world-leading group of social scientists and theorists to consider these questions and, in particular, how ideas about the economics of creative destruction may help solve the problems we face.Most closely associated with Joseph Schumpeter, formalized by Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt in the 1990s, the idea of innovation as creative destruction has become foundational in economics, reaching into almost every corner of the discipline—both theoretically and empirically. Now, at a time of rapid and disorienting change, is an opportune moment to pull the disparate strands of research together to assess what has been learned and continue an intellectual project that can aid economic decision-making in the decades to come.The cutting-edge work in The Economics of Creative Destruction focuses on innovation and growth. Contributors offer illuminating insights into monopoly and inequality, the nature of the social safety net, climate change, and the ups and downs of regulation. Collectively, they suggest that governance has a role to play in capitalism, maximizing its benefits and minimizing its risks.

As activity significantly reduced during mandatory lockdown periods aiming to contain the spread of Covid-19, the relationship between organizations and their stakeholders became almost strictly digital. While some brands already have developed digital channels and made a smooth transition, others struggled to remain connected to their consumers and in the process created a panoply of new digital strategies and practices. This book discusses how the Covid-19 pandemic changed the way consumers relate with brands and how brands can reinvent, improve, or optimize themselves to meet new needs, expectations, and preferences of consumers. Drawing on empirical data about how consumers are connecting with brands in a Covid-19 recovery period, this book suggests becoming a social brand as a strategy for coping with changes in consumer behaviour. A social brand has two main dimensions: it is sociable (active on social media, humanized, and empathic) and it is socially committed (transparent and sustainable). In this concise book, the authors examine case studies of brands that coped successfully with Covid-19 and positioned themselves strongly in this post-pandemic retake period to suggest good practices. It offers an informed discussion on how brands can adapt to changes in consumer behaviour and build stronger connections with consumers. Social Brand Management in a Post Covid-19 Era provides an accessible yet comprehensive overview of brand management in a post-pandemic environment that will be of interest to marketing and communication academics, researchers, and students.

Authoritative takes on the most current and pressing issues in macroeconomics today. The NBER Macroeconomics Annual provides a forum for leading economists to participate in important debates in macroeconomics and to report on major developments in macroeconomic analysis and policy. The NBER Macroeconomics Annual brings together leading scholars to discuss five research papers on central issues in contemporary macroeconomics. First, Andrea Eisfeldt, Antonio Falato, and Mindy Xiaolan document the rise of a new class of worker that receives part of its labor income as equity-based compensation, its role in the recent decline in the labor share of income, and implications for the returns to skilled labor and the implied capital-skill complementarity. Next, Michael Bauer and Eric Swanson focus on monetary policy shocks and argue the correlation between estimated monetary surprises and previously available information can be explained by uncertainty about the parameters of the monetary policy rule. Using new data and methods they find effects of monetary policy on macroeconomic variables that are much larger than previously estimated. Job Boerma and Loukas Karabarbounis provide a framework for quantitatively exploring the gap in wealth between White and Black Americans over the past 150 years and examine the effectiveness of reparations as a tool for closing this gap. Guido Menzio considers workers who do not have rational expectations, and whose “stubborn” beliefs change the response of wages to technology shocks, resulting in sticky wages. He finds that the larger the fraction of workers with stubborn beliefs, the more volatile unemployment is. Finally, Rishabh Aggarwal, Adrien Auclert, Matthew Rognlie, and Ludwig Straub investigate the growth—particularly in the United States—of private savings, current account deficits, and fiscal deficits after 2020. They argue that fiscal deficits lead to large and persistent increases in private savings and current account deficits.

O livro nos revela a dinâmica entre modernidade e tradição. O autor, com muita sensibilidade, capacidade analítica e leitura das fontes, compreendeu as intencionalidades e os dinamismos de uma macropolítica estatal que objetivava modificar o processo produtivo agrícola do Paraná sem alterar as perversas estruturas históricas constitutivas da configuração agrária brasileira; demonstra a perspicácia de um gestor público que fez a leitura de seu tempo, dos ventos da modernização produtiva capitalista direcionados à agricultura, seus elementos centrais de cunho econômico, político e social, na primeira metade da década de 1950; um governo que se antecipou no tempo, pois, de uma forma mais geral, em nível de país, esse processo ganhou corpo uma década posterior.

This book provides a novel in-depth study of the early pandemic response policy at the intersection of political economy and law. It explores: (1) whether the responses to COVID-19 were democratically accountable; (2) the ways in which new surveillance and enforcement techniques were adopted; (3) the new monetary and fiscal policies which were implemented; (4) the ways in which employed and unemployed persons were differently impacted by the new policies; and (5) how companies were economically sustained through the pandemic. A compelling look at what happens to societies when disaster strikes, this book will be of interest to legal scholars, political scientists and economists.

This is an open access book.Financial globalization plays a huge role in promoting the development of the world economy and the optimal allocation of world resources, stimulates the accelerated development of the international division of labor, and increases the international flow of production factors such as industrial transfer, capital transfer, and technology transfer. It enables developing countries to make up for the lack of their own capital and technology, and obtain industrial evolution, technological progress, and institutional innovation, thereby accelerating the speed of economic development; it also enables developed countries to open up cheap labor, raw material markets and broad consumer markets, prolonging product value. More profits, ease the economy, the contradiction of stagflation, and restore economic growth.The 8th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2023) aims to accommodate this need, as well as to:1. provide a platform for experts and scholars, engineers and technicians in the field of financial Innovation and economic development to share scientific research achievements and cutting-edge technologies2. Understand academic development trends, broaden research ideas, strengthen academic research and discussion, and promote the industrialization cooperation of academic achievements3. Promote the institutionalization and standardization of Financial Innovation and Economic Development through modern research4. Increasing the number of scientific publications for financial Innovation and economic development

Advances in Global Leadership collects insights from leading scholars and practitioners and fresh ideas from promising newcomers to the field. In addition to traditional research, Volume 15 focuses on power and global leadership, an under-researched topic in the field of global leadership. This volume features: • An insightful, comprehensive literature review of power and global leadership. • Two ground-breaking research articles on factors that influence global power and change. • The editors'analysis of the field of power in global leadership and suggested future directions. • A comparison of the 2015-2020 global leadership publication patterns with a prior literature review to map the field's growth. • A cognitive approach to understanding global leadership effectiveness, featuring a conceptual model of trigger events in intercultural sensemaking. • Interviews with two luminaries in the field of global leadership. • An academic-practitioner collaboration of a popular Danish global leadership development training program that is available to the public. • Reflections by recent Emerald Literati Award Winners who made the most outstanding contributions to the field of global leadership in past volumes of Advances in Global Leadership. Given its multidisciplinary focus, this book is a must-read for scholars from a diverse set of scholarly fields and practitioners with a diverse set of global leadership roles. The Advances in Global Leadership series, with its finger firmly on the pulse of this exciting field, is an indispensable compendium of knowledge on global leadership.

Este clásico intemporal, elogiado por millones de personas, ofrece las claves para conseguir todo lo que deseas. Se trata del libro más revelador jamás escrito sobre el secreto para alcanzar la riqueza personal. Son muchos los lectores que se han beneficiado de las famosas'parábolas babilónicas', consideradas como las obras más extraordinarias de todas aquellas que se han inspirado en temas como el ahorro, la planificación financiera o la riqueza personal. En un lenguaje sencillo, estas fascinantes e instructivas historias nos guían hacia el camino correcto para alcanzar la prosperidad y las alegrías que esta conlleva. Aclamado como un clásico de los tiempos modernos, este famoso bestseller de George Clason ofrece una forma de comprender –y de resolver– nuestros problemas financieros.

Dos tipos de sangre corren por este libro: la estadística, del investigador Charles Kepner, y la experiencia, de Jay Henry Soothill, quien fuera superintendente y testigo de la empresa más poderosa de transporte y producción de fruta en Centroamérica durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Aunque el texto que aquí se presenta fue publicado originalmente en Nueva York en 1935, esta edición retoma la traducción realizada por la Imprenta Nacional de Cuba en 1961, a la que se ha añadido un prólogo de Juan Valdés Paz, reciente Premio Nacional de Ciencias Sociales de Cuba. Así, a medio camino entre la narrativa y el rigor académico, este libro expone, con datos vigentes, el desarrollo de la industria bananera en Centroamérica, de los exportadores y las navieras que competían por comprar a los productores locales. Además, describe el modo en el que las grandes compañías afianzaron el capital que les permitía ofrecer préstamos a los gobiernos necesitados a cambio de concesiones ventajosas. Por último, como en cauce progresivo, el lector tendrá todo el contexto histórico y social que explica el encumbramiento de la United Fruit Company, la firma con mayor injerencia política en el campo de la producción de fruta y el transporte ferroviario y náutico. Esta es la historia completa del primer trust en América Central.

This open access book encompasses a collection of in-depth analyses showcasing the challenges and ways forward for macroeconomic modelling of R&D and innovation policies. Based upon the proceedings of the EC-DG JRC-IEA workshop held in Brussels in 2017, it presents cutting-edge contributions from a number of leading economists in the field. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current academic and policy challenges surrounding R&D as well as of the state-of-the-art modelling techniques.The book brings to the forefront outstanding issues related to the assessment of the macroeconomic impact of R&D policies and its modelling. It speaks to the rising importance of R&D and innovation policy, and the proliferation of macroeconomic models featuring endogenous technological change.The contents of this book will be of interest to both academic and policy audiences working in the fields of R&D and innovation.

This book critically examines the sweeping impacts of robotization and the use of artificial intelligence on employment, per capita income, quality of life, poverty, and inequality in developing and developed economies. It analyzes the direct and indirect effects they have had and are projected to have on the labour markets and production processes in the manufacturing, healthcare and agricultural industries among others. The author explores comparisons of human labour with robotic labour emphasizing the changes that new technologies will bring to traditionally labour-intensive industries. Offering various insights into the effectiveness, benefits and negative implications of robotization on the economy, the book provides a comprehensive picture for policymakers to implement changes that embrace new technologies while meeting employment needs and development goals.Topical and lucid, this book will be an essential read for scholars and researchers of science and technology studies, digital humanities, economics, labour studies, public policy, development studies, political studies and sociology as well as policymakers and others who are interested in these areas.

The first annual FRIBIS conference in October 2021 aimed to take into account the growing economic interest in financial issues in basic income research. After all, research on Unconditional Basic Income is significantly influenced by this development of monetary policy issues and, in turn, contributes just as influentially to the discussion. In addition to the economically focused main sessions, the two-day conference also included parallel sessions of other FRIBIS teams, in which prominent guests of the basic income discourse presented and discussed together with the interdisciplinary and international teams and members of FRIBIS. Bernhard Neumärker is Professor of Economic Policy and Director of the Götz Werner Professorship for Economic Policy and New Ordoliberalism at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. In 2019, he founded the Freiburg Institute for Basic Income Studies (FRIBIS) for interfaculty and interdisciplinary research on Unconditional Basic Income in a network of six institutes of the Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg. Jessica Schulz is a doctoral candidate at FRIBIS in educational science and, as part of the FRIBIS staff responsible for publication management.

The Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (BPEA) is a semi-annual academic conference and journal that pairs rigorous research with real-time policy analysis to address the most urgent economic challenges of the day. Working drafts of the papers are presented at the conference typically held twice each year. The final papers and discussant remarks from each conference are subsequently published in the journal several months later.POPP, VONA, MARIN and CHEN on The Employment Impact of a Green Fiscal Push: Evidence from the American Recovery and Reinvestment ActBUCKMAN, CHOI, DALY and SEITELMAN on The Economic Gains from EquityCHERRY, JIANG, MATVOS, PISKORSKI and SERU on Government and Private Household Debt Relief during COVID-19RENNERT, PREST, PIZER, NEWELL, ANTHOFF, KINGDON, RENNELS, COOKE, RAFTERY, ŠEVČÍKOVÁ and ERRICKSON on The Social Cost of Carbon:Advances in Long-Term Probabilistic Projections of Population, GDP, Emissions, and Discount RatesREIS on Losing the Inflation AnchorAUTOR, DORN and HANSON on On the Persistence of the China Shock

The NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2021 presents research-central issues in contemporary macroeconomics. Robert Hall and Marianna Kudlyak examine unemployment dynamics during economic recoveries. They present new empirical findings and explore models in which the labor market gradually draws down the stock of unemployed workers in the aftermath of a downturn. Titan Alon, Sena Coskun, Matthias Doepke, David Koll, and Michèle Tertilt analyze the relative decline in employment of women during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated global recession. They show that increased childcare needs, which fell more heavily on women, and differences in occupations both contributed. In the case of the US, however, each of these factors account for less than 20% of the gender gap in hours worked during the pandemic. Richard Rogerson and Johanna Wallenius study the employment rates of older workers in OECD countries over the last forty years. An expansion of institutions incentivizing retirement, concurrent with negative aggregate shocks between 1970 and 1995, led to falling employment rates. This trend started to reverse in the mid-1990s when many of these institutions, such as public pension programs, were cut back. Michael Barnett, William Brock, and Lars Peter Hansen explore the consequences of risk, ambiguity, and model misspecification in climate policy design. They consider carbon emissions pricing and the effects of different sources of uncertainty—such as future information about environmental damage, uncertainties in carbon and temperature dynamics and damage functions, and the role of future green technologies—on policy design. Michael Kremer, Jack Willis, and Yang You present new evidence suggesting a steady trend toward income convergence across countries since the late 1980s. They find convergence in various determinants of economic growth across countries and a flattening of the relationship between growth and these determinants. The paper challenges theories of growth arising after earlier rejections of the neoclassical growth model.

This volume presents six new papers on environmental and energy economics and policy in the United States. Rebecca Davis, J. Scott Holladay, and Charles Sims analyze recent trends in and forecasts of coal-fired power plant retirements with and without new climate policy. Severin Borenstein and James Bushnell examine the efficiency of pricing for electricity, natural gas, and gasoline. James Archsmith, Erich Muehlegger, and David Rapson provide a prospective analysis of future pathways for electric vehicle adoption. Kenneth Gillingham considers the consequences of such pathways for the design of fuel vehicle economy standards. Frank Wolak investigates the long-term resource adequacy in wholesale electricity markets with significant intermittent renewables. Finally, Barbara Annicchiarico, Stefano Carattini, Carolyn Fischer, and Garth Heutel review the state of research on the interactions between business cycles and environmental policy.

The heightening impact of ecological and societal crises makes sustainability an increasingly urgent imperative, requiring a fundamental shift in how we understand and practice management and business.In this book, the authors set out the key characteristics of sustainability such as its temporal and multilevel effects and highlight the complex array of sustainability risks and opportunities for business and management. Setting business within a systems perspective, the authors outline different sustainability discourses that frame how business responds to the sustainability imperative. They call for the normative and scientific approaches to sustainability to be merged so that a new transdisciplinary approach that brings together the material and relational traditions in sustainability management is developed. Sustainability work is understood as the reframing of tools, technologies, practices and business strategies to respond to the imperative. The book concludes by highlighting dynamic features of the imperative as it is shaped by the urgent need to restore and regenerate social and ecological systems. Sustainability transitions such as the Circular Economy and Net Zero are suggested as inspiration for profound business transformation.By facing the intractable complexity associated with sustainability, this book challenges students and scholars to draw from across the sciences and social sciences to understand, reflect upon and deliver responsible business outcomes in contemporary society.

Investments in technologies such as the cloud, the internet of things (IoT), and robotic process automation are part of a strategy that helps organizations respond to changing customer demands and operational challenges. Emerging technologies are becoming one of the most remarkable elements to be considered in businesses, and e-businesses are no exception. With the expansion of e-businesses worldwide, the great population of e-business leaders tends to increase their knowledge to make future investments in key aspects and implications of their businesses. Thus, e-business leaders need to realize and seize existing opportunities for the advancement of their businesses. Driving Transformative Change in E-Business Through Applied Intelligence and Emerging Technologies contributes a comprehensive source to the existing knowledge and research in the field of e-business and emerging technologies and provides an understanding to readers about the current concepts, trends, technologies, and platforms in e-business. Covering topics such as competitive intelligence, enterprise resource planning systems, and online crowdfunding, this premier reference source is a comprehensive resource for business leaders and executives, IT managers, computer scientists, software engineers, economists, entrepreneurs, students, researchers, and academicians.

The coronavirus pandemic struck unexpectedly, posing unprecedented challenges around the world. At the same time, this crisis also offers a unique opportunity for reflection, research, and insight regarding this and similar global and domestic crises. There is much to be learned from analysing the effects of the crisis. It provides a chance for a fresh scholarly examination of important aspects of legal regulation, policymaking, and more. This volume pursues these questions from a broad range of Law and Economics perspectives and is divided into two parts. The first part examines the immediate impact of and responses to the coronavirus crisis, while the second explores the future possibilities that scholarly analysis of this crisis can offer. As to the immediate impact and responses, questions of compliance with regulations and safety measures, nudging and decision-making with regard to the coronavirus crisis are examined from the perspective of behavioural economics. In addition, the short- and long-term effects of various emergency policy responses on contract law are studied. Current issues and challenges like the regulation of internet platforms, excessive pricing, the right to adequate food, risk and loss allocation, as well as remote learning and examinations, which have been impacted, brought about, complicated or aggravated by the coronavirus crisis, are analysed in depth. Lastly, future possibilities in the areas of data access rights, economic instability and the balance between political-economic interests and social interests, patenting, food labels and open data are illustrated.

The coronavirus pandemic has shocked the world and its consequences will last for many years. The enormous costs of the pandemic will only be known ex post. While some people will have lost nothing, others will have lost everything, sometimes even their lives. On the positive side, most governments around the globe have started to design optimal policies to face the incredible challenges that lie ahead for the humanity. The geopolitics of the world will change as a result of increasing tensions and conflicts between the great powers such as the United States, China and Russia. The competition between democracy and authoritarianism will intensify; the synergy of market and state will be transformed. It will be particularly dangerous to see two sides of the same coin as alternatives: neoliberal capitalism versus populist capitalism. The Mediterranean Economies 2020 is a collection of essays that analyses the economic, political and social effects of the pandemic on the regions of the Mediterranean area. The results of the investigation carried out highlight that chance for a better future could be created by a gradual transition to a new pragmatism, a strategy of moderation in economic matters, and development that is sustainable on three levels - economic, social and ecological. The pandemic is an enormous challenge for the social sciences, because old ways of thinking often prove useless for analyzing and explaining new scenarios.

Nation Branding: Concepts, Issues, Practice provides a theoretical framework, alongside insightful examples from the practice of nation banding, in which the principles of brand strategy and management are applied to countries globally. This new edition has been comprehensively updated and its influential original framework modified to reflect the very latest changes in the field. It remains an accessible blend of theory and practice rich with international examples and contributions. Updates to this edition: New Academic Perspectives and Practitioner Insights in each chapter Updated and new cases from a broad range of nations and cultures Fresh coverage of online branding and social media New material covering the critical and ethical issues of nation branding, including the limitations Updated references and sources Updated online resources, including PowerPoint slides and Instructor Manual with end-of-chapter discussion points and suggested answers This is an essential introduction to nation branding for students of Marketing, Brand Management, Communications, and Public and International Relations, as well as policy makers looking for a rigorous yet applied approach.

The field of talent management has grown and advanced exponentially over the past several years as an essential area of research. While interest in the field is growing, and recent research has provided valuable insight into various topics, there remain many opportunities for additional exploration and research. One such opportunity is to examine talent management topics related to the modern workforce and organizations – an area identified as contemporary talent management. Divided into two thematic sections that provide a unique overarching structure to organize 18 chapters written by leading and renowned international scholars, this Research Companion assesses essential knowledge, trends, debates, and avenues for future research in a single volume. Some of the topics examined from a contemporary talent management perspective include Executive Search, Gifted Early Career Individuals, Managing Diverse Talents, Gender Sensitive Talent Management, Aging Global Workforce, Leadership Wisdom, Learning Agility, Employee Engagement, Entrepreneurship, Intrapreneurship, Small Business Enterprises, Talent Flow, Green HR, Gig Workers, and Mergers and Acquisitions. In this way, the Research Companion is essential reading for anyone involved in the scholarly study of contemporary talent management, including academic researchers, advanced postgraduate and graduate students, and management consultants. For further debate on traditional talent management, readers might be interested in the supplementary volume, The Routledge Companion to Talent Management, sold separately.

This book exposes, for the first time in modern scholarship, the role that the rise of the Carry Trade played in British financial crises between 1825 and 1866, how in reaction the Bank of England improved its management of monetary policy after 1866 and how those lessons have been forgotten since the 1970s. Britain is one of the few major capitalist economies in the world to have avoided policy-induced systemic financial crises for more than 100 years of its history—between 1866 and 1973. Beforehand, it suffered a series of serious banking panics, in 1825, 1837, 1847, 1857-58 and 1866. Since the 1970s banking instability has returned again, with the global financial crisis of 2007-09 hitting Britain hard. Economists and policymakers have asked what can be learnt from Britain's experience of the disappearance and reappearance of crises to help efforts to prevent future ones. This book answers that question with a major reassessment of Britain's financial history over the past two centuries. It does so by applying the long-neglected ideas of the British Banking School to explain how crises can occur because of the Carry Trade. This book is essential reading for economists and historians of modern Britain, practitioners and policymakers, as well as anyone who is affected by financial crises and their consequences.

Face à des enjeux sociétaux contemporains de plus en plus complexes et en constante évolution, l'innovation sociale est présentée comme une solution aux défis socio-économiques, sanitaires, environnementaux et démographiques qui exercent une pression croissante sur les systèmes de développement. Les contraintes budgétaires et la demande accrue de produits et de services adaptés aux besoins et contextes en constante mutation ont contribué à l'utilisation croissante du concept par les acteurs sociaux, y compris les décideurs publics et les organisations. Les travaux de cet ouvrage présentent des approches d'innovation sociale et apportent une meilleure compréhension des processus menant à l'innovation sociale. Ils évoquent également le défi que représente le renforcement de la capacité organisationnelle pour obtenir des résultats accrus et un impact durable au sein des organisations, des réseaux et au-delà des frontières. Il s'agit également d'explorer les méthodes et indicateurs à privilégier dans la mesure et l'évaluation du processus et des effets de l'innovation sociale dans le secteur public. L'ambition de cet ouvrage est également de poser des bases innovantes d'un cadre conceptuel renouvelé, transdisciplinaire, à la lumière de cadres théoriques singuliers, post-moderne, féministes ou critiques, offrant ainsi des perspectives de recherche originales et des voies d'expérimentations contextualisées sur l'innovation sociale.

The tourism industry is made up of a wide cluster of sectors having specific requirements related to planning for and recovery from tourism destination disasters. Crises faced by tourism destinations have been examined by authors from many angles, including recovery strategies, models for analyzing and developing effective tourism disaster management strategies, economic assessment of policy responses, effects on tourism forecasting and processes for a holistic approach to crises and disaster management in public and private sector organizations. Tourism Risk: Crisis and Recovery Management is structured in two parts. The first part focuses on “disaster management strategies” and collects chapters analyzing potential obstacles to preventing destruction from (natural) disasters through advocacy, knowledge management, better coordination, capacity building strategies, and better preparedness through advanced emergency response. The second part focuses on recovery management strategies and collects chapters focusing on the tasks which managers face after the immediate consequences of a crisis have been dealt with, addressing the question of how to rebuild the market for a tourism service or destination which has experienced a significant catastrophe, and how to learn from the experience to plan for future crisis response strategies. Tourism Risk: Crisis and Recovery Management is the result of research from varied nationalities and aims to provide a comprehensive collection of new insights for traditional paradigms, as well as exploring more recent developments in research methodology in the context of crisis management in tourism.

Cet ouvrage collectif est un repère pour mieux cerner les politiques de développement en Afrique. Son originalité est de réussir à contextualiser les politiques de développement en Afrique en les insérant dans plusieurs champs de la théorie économique. Ainsi, en conciliant la transformation économique, l'emploi, l'éducation et la santé d'une part, l'agriculture, l'environnement et la gouvernance d'autre part, le livre communique mieux les préoccupations actuelles de développement des peuples africains.

This is one of the first textbooks to explore the phenomenon of Influencer Marketing and how it fits within marketing communications to build brands and their communities. Influencers – those who can impact a brand's marketing and advertising strategies as well as build brand communities – are making extensive use of the new digital and traditional communications platforms. Influencers offer brands the ability to deliver the “right” communication and marketing messages to a specific target audience. Across four core sections, this book brings together the key theory and practical implications of this new marketing tool: how it works as part of communications campaigns, including how to select the right influencers and measure their success, the dark side of influencer marketing, and the legal and ethical framework. With contributions from authors across the globe, each chapter is also accompanied by an in- depth case study – from the Kardashians to Joe Wicks – that demonstrates how the theory translates to practice.Influencer Marketing is important reading for advanced, postgraduate and executive education students of Marketing, Digital Marketing, Marketing Communications, Brand Management and Public Relations. With its accessible style and practical content, it is also highly valuable for Marketing Communications, Branding and PR specialists.

Due to the global health crisis, economies had to adapt to combat pandemic situations. In the present pandemic crisis, new legislation, methods, labor approaches, values, and social behaviors have emerged with a huge impact in all organizations. However, countries have applied different solutions, procedures, and rules to deal with crises. Therefore, the impact has been different per country. Organizations need to understand their customers and businesses not only to increase operational efficiency but also to increase stakeholder's satisfaction and their competitiveness in a sustainable way. Customers are becoming more exigent and markets more complex, calling for the need for higher differentiation. This was enhanced in this pandemic situation, and to survive, organizations needed to change and adapt to the new normal. The Handbook of Research on Reinventing Economies and Organizations Following a Global Health Crisis deals with management and economic issues, particularly with the reinvention of businesses and economies due to the pandemic situation and the relevance of entrepreneurship, innovation, and intensive knowledge used to deal with these changes. This book emphasizes the challenges, difficulties, and opportunities for the success of businesses and economies in periods of crisis and provides information for dealing with entrepreneurship and innovation, networks, and complementarities to recover businesses. The chapters also point out possible opportunities, challenges, and risks in the process of recovery highlighting innovation, internationalization, technology, and intensive knowledge in promoting economies and companies'competitiveness. This book is ideal for entrepreneurs, managers, economists, directors, shareholders, researchers, academicians, and students interested in how businesses reinvent and recover following a global health crisis.

Why do great companies and other organizations fail, sometimes abruptly? Why do admired leaders fall from their organizational pedestals? Why do young and promising managers derail? Why do organizations create and reinforce rules that manifestly damage both them and those that they employ, serve and sustain? Leadership is a much-discussed but ill-defined idea in business and management circles. Analysing and understanding the skills and behaviours exhibited in leadership practice reveal that leaders exhibit paradoxical activities that challenge our understanding of organizations.In this text, the authors identify leadership behaviours that compete towards business equilibrium: selfish versus selfless, distance versus proximity, consistency versus individuality, enforcing professional standards versus flexibility and control versus autonomy. These paradoxical dilemmas require a reflexive and analytical approach to a subject that is tricky to define. The book explores the paradoxes of power and leadership not as a panacea for solving organizational problems but as a lens through which leadership and power are seen as an exercise in dynamic balance. Read this book as an invitation to the paradoxes of power and leadership that frame organizational life today. Be prepared to find surprises – and some counterintuitive arguments.Providing a thought-provoking guide to the traits and skills that will help readers to understand and navigate paradoxical leadership behaviour, this reflexive book will be a useful reading for students and scholars of business, management and psychology globally.

Producing food industrially like we do today causes tremendous global economic losses in terms of malnutrition, diseases, and environmental degradation. But because the food industry does not bear those costs and the price tag for these losses does not show up at the grocery store, it is too often ignored by economists and policymakers. The Economics of Sustainable Food details the true cost of food for people and the planet. It illustrates how to transform our broken system, alleviating its severe financial and human burden. The key is smart macroeconomic policy that moves us toward methods that protect the environment like regenerative land and sea farming, low-impact urban farming, and alternative protein farming, and toward healthy diets. The book's multidisciplinary team of authors lay out detailed fiscal and trade policies, as well as structural reforms, to achieve those goals. Chapters discuss strategies to make food production sustainable, nutritious, and fair, ranging from taxes and spending to education, labor market, health care, and pension reforms, alongside regulation in cases where market incentives are unlikely to work or to work fast enough. The authors carefully consider the different needs of more and less advanced economies, balancing economic development and sustainability goals. Case studies showcase successful strategies from around the world, such as taxing foods with a high carbon footprint, financing ecosystems mapping and conservation to meet scientific targets for healthy biomes permanency, subsidizing sustainable land and sea farming, reforming health systems to move away from sick care to preventive, nutrition-based care, and providing schools with matching funds to purchase local organic produce. In the years ahead, few issues will be more important for individual prosperity and the global economy than the way we produce our food and what food we eat. This roadmap for reform is an invaluable resource to help global policymakers improve countless lives.

Der Lockdown hat global gezeigt, was der Brexit bereits andeutete: Eine Rückkehr ins zwanzigste Jahrhundert ist nicht undenkbar. Die Welt hat erfahren, was es bedeutet, wenn international arbeitsteilige Wertschöpfungsketten zerbrechen, Grenzübergänge plötzlich geschlossen werden, die Exekutive durchregiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund beschreibt das Buch anhand zahlreicher Beispiele die Folgen für individuelle Versorgung, unternehmerische Produktion und zwischenstaatliche Beziehungen. Es verbindet dabei historische, rechtliche, ökonomische und technische Perspektiven. Teilhabe erfordert Offenheit. Wer in einem grenzüberschreitenden Wirtschaftsraum lebt und arbeitet, muss darüber nicht belehrt werden. Und wer seine eigene Bevölkerung sicher versorgen, die Entwicklungsländer unterstützen oder den Klimawandel bewältigen will, kommt mit bürokratischer Lenkung und geschlossenen Grenzen nicht weit.

Mettre en perspective la crise de la Covid-19 est une nécessité factuelle et intellectuelle. La crise est source de dangers mais aussi d'opportunités. Ce numéro s'interroge sur les apports historiques et épistémologiques pour comprendre les innovations actuelles et futures qui germent dans l'entreprise, qui reconditionnent les construits sociaux et qui se manifestent dans les rapports économiques et politiques internationaux : le monde de l'entreprise se transforme par l'émergence des nouvelles relations professionnelles ; l'économie sociale et solidaire modifie le rapport actuel entre marché et organisations ; la pandémie renouvelle le débat sur le besoin d'un multilatéralisme soutenable à promouvoir entre États qui donnerait un sens à la mondialisation. L'Humanité est loin d'être impuissante et les épidémies ne sont plus des forces incontrôlables de la nature.

The field of Talent Management has grown and advanced exponentially over the past several years as organizations, large and small, public and private, global and domestic, have realized that to gain and sustain a global competitive advantage, they must manage their talents effectively. Talent Management has become a major theoretical and empirical topic of intellectual curiosity from various disciplinary perspectives, such as human resource management, arts and entertainment management, international management, etc. This Companion is an indispensable source that provides an authoritative, in-depth, and comprehensive examination of emerging Talent Management topics. Divided into five thematic sections that provide a unique overarching structure to organize forty-one chapters written by leading and renowned international scholars, this Companion assesses essential knowledge, trends, debates, and avenues for future research in a single volume: Evolution and Conceptualization of Talent Management; The External Context of Talent Management; The Internal Context of Talent Management; Individuals, Workforce, and Processes of Talent Management; and Outcomes of Talent Management. In this way, the Companion is essential reading for anyone involved in the scholarly study of Talent Management, including academic researchers, advanced postgraduate and graduate students, and management consultants. For further debate on Talent Management, readers might be interested in the supplementary volume Contemporary Talent Management: A Research Companion, sold separately.

The Political Economy of Populism explores the interplay between identity, the economy and inequality to explain the dynamics of populist votes since the beginning of the 20th century.The book discusses the political and economic implications of populist governance using data on populist incumbencies and linking it to historical data on the macro economy and democracy. Chapters draw from the most recent political science, economics and other social science literature, as well as historical data, to explain the long-term causes and consequences of populism. Populism emerges and gains traction when political entrepreneurs exploit underlying identity conflicts for political gains. As the distributional consequences of both economic distress and economic growth typically favor the elite over the poor and the lower middle class, economic shocks usually sharpen the underlying identity conflicts between the groups. The book provides evidence of significant differences in the ways fiscal and monetary policies are conducted by incumbent populists in Latin America, Europe and the OECD. The work concludes by suggesting avenues through which a 21st century social consensus can be built, so that our society can avoid repeating the mistakes that led to wars and failed economic experiments in the 20th century.The Political Economy of Populism marks a significant contribution to the study of populism and is suited to students and scholars across the social sciences, including economics, political science and sociology.