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This book examines the statistics of the G-20 members with the goal of providing an analysis of their economic policies, with a particular emphasis on the financial dynamics of each country's Balance of Payments, in order to offer a framework for better understanding where we are headed in an era of great economic and geopolitical reconfiguration.Furthermore, it delves into the current challenges to the US-led monopolar world that emerged after the collapse of the Soviet Union, beginning with the rise of China and India alongside Russia, and their potential role in reshaping the global financial system. The focus also extends to South America, where economies such as Brazil and Argentina are navigating complex relationships with traditional allies and emerging global powers. Africa's position in this evolving landscape is also analyzed, highlighting its growing autonomy as exemplified by the African Union's inclusion in the G-20. Furthermore, the Middle East is undergoing a remarkable geopolitical shift, undoubtedly representing another node of power in the emerging economic chessboard. These geopolitical dynamics are further complicated by major global events, including the 2008 global financial crisis, the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, and the Russo-Ukrainian conflict in 2022. Pressing challenges are also posed by the climate emergency, highlighting its direct impact on productivity and migration patterns.Finally, this book seeks to contribute to a nuanced understanding of the current economic realities of key global actors and their complex interplay with geopolitical choices. Based on a scholarly approach, the analysis provides insights into the complex and evolving global order.

It is now widely recognised that rising inequality of income and wealth on the one hand and a slowdown in the rate of economic growth on the other are two of the most important challenges faced today by the global economy as well as by most of the developing economies. This book starts by explaining how these two issues are interrelated. There is no dearth of books on the role that the economic policies of the government can play in meeting these twin challenges. The role of business managers in the private sector of the economy, however, is a relatively neglected area. This book seeks to close this gap in the literature. The central message of the book is that, contrary to popular belief, it is in the interests of private business itself that business managers take into account the effects that their decisions have on the economy as a whole. It is shown that a failure to do so would hurt their own economic prospects in both the short run and the long. Emphasis is given on the importance of an appropriate orientation of managerial decisions and on the role of investors (i.e. the suppliers of capital) in inducing managers to take socially optimal decisions. The book is addressed as much to business managers and students in management courses as to the general reader. Therefore, no prior knowledge of advanced economic theory is presumed. All arguments are built from first principles.

This book offers a deparochial account of global justice and addresses disenchantment stemming from its West-centricity and provincial theoretical formulations. As the recurring global poverty debate restricts the duties of alleviating poverty and inequality to the developed world, this book attempts to broaden the spectrum of duties to the superrich of the developing world. Drawing from the case study of India's superrich as an exemplar of the potent agency of rising powers, the book examines the structural relationship between unbridled affluence and the (un)realisation of the human rights of the poor. It contends that India's superrich, like their counterparts in other powerful developing countries, both contribute as well as benefit from the highly decentralised global economic order that (re)produces affluence of the few and deprivation of the many within these countries. In doing so, this book argues that the superrich have a positive duty to alleviate poverty and reduce inequality beyond their free-standing moral responsibility for philanthropy.

Economics still adheres entirely unreflectively to a mechanistic worldview and machine thinking. Epistemologically, it thus remains in the 19th century, and its assumptions and theories, methods, and models therefore stand in stark contradiction to the findings of all other social and natural sciences as well as a multitude of empirical facts. Through a discourse-analytical examination of sixteen basic concepts in economics, based on twelve standard economics textbooks, their ideahistorical origin and use are worked out and compared and related to the current state of knowledge of other disciplines. This reveals the structural, methodological, and content errors of economics in a clear manner. Especially for critical students, who have long been demanding an economics that is in line with the current state of research and faces the challenges of the 21st century, this opens up the possibility of a new approach to economics. The Content Discourse-analytical examination of fundamental assumptions and concepts of economics from'labor'to'wealth'Structural, methodological, and content critique of economic thinking from an epistemological perspective Critical examination of the use of empirical and statistical data, the method of gaining knowledge, and the model thinking in economics

This book addresses how digital technology is challenging the principles of the market economy and the consequences for economic policy. Applying the approach of the Freiburg School as a heuristic perspective, the study examines the concrete effects of digital technology on the price system and monetary policy, the openness of markets, the role of private property, and labour markets. It highlights the emergence of digital innovations such as digital currencies, digital goods, artificial intelligence, digital platforms and the sharing economy and discusses the challenges these innovations pose for economic governance and the development of adequate economic policy instruments. This comprehensive overview provides a basic understanding of the scope of the digital transformation and addresses a wide scale of important aspects of e.g. competition and trade policy, the impact of robotisation on labour market policy, and how economic policy must incorporate social aspects. The book appeals to scholars and students of economics, public management professionals, and anyone interested in the challenges of digitalisation in the context of economic policy.

The Covid-19 pandemic reinforced the perception that capitalism is in crisis, that the future is volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous, and that, increasingly, our thinking about it and ability to manage and organize ourselves within it, are challenges we are ill-equipped for. Despite the efforts of many writers, and a surfeit of manuscripts concerning the need to rethink capitalism, questions concerning the struggle for social and economic justice remain unanswered. While some suggest that with corrective action, businesses can save the world, there is an acceptance that they cannot do so alone. However, while governments might strengthen their institutions, enacting more effective policies, the challenge is simply laid bare at the feet of industry and commerce. Is the challenge to confront the establishment just too big to face? Government institutions and the barons of industry and commerce are but interrelated, interconnected, interplaying components in one socio-economic system. This book offers readers a progressive, radical and academic provocation of that system; it also proposes a field of Applied Negative Dialectics. In'Reimagining Capitalism', Atkinson confronts the need to rethink capitalism and presents an integrated range of thinking through a lens of applied negative dialectics, questioning how and why things might have occurred, and where and how we might begin to improve them.

The highly engaging introduction to thinking like an economist, updated for a new generation of readers. When economists wrestle with any social issue—be it unemployment, inflation, healthcare, or crime and punishment—they do so impersonally. The big question for them is: what are the costs and benefits, or trade-offs, of the solutions to such matters? These trade-offs constitute the core of how economists see the world—and make the policies that govern it. Trade-Offs is an introduction to the economic approach of analyzing controversial policy issues. A useful introduction to the various factors that inform public opinion and policymaking, Trade-Offs is composed of case studies on topics drawn from across contemporary law and society. Intellectually stimulating yet accessible and entertaining, Trade-Offs will be appreciated by students of economics, public policy, health administration, political science, and law, as well as by anyone following current social policy debates.

The main novelty of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is the entry of robots and Artificial Intelligence into the production process. This phenomenon could potentially generate high levels of unemployment, or even full unemployment, and therefore calls for innovative public policies.This book adopts an agnostic position on the size of the future impact of technological progress on employment but proposes a thought experiment built on a full unemployment scenario, which focuses on the consequences that these policies might have for people's well-being, with particular reference to the provision of a universal Basic Income (UBI). Relying on some of the principles and models of Behavioral and Happiness Economics, it is argued that implementing a UBI that does not change over time may increase well-being inequality. A policy mix that combines a rising basic income with other measures is therefore recommended.This book marks a significant contribution to the literature on economic policy, labor economics, the economics of well-being and happiness, and behavioral economics.

This volume is a collection of empirical and theoretical research papers regarding Economics, Public Finance and Business written by researchers from several different universities. The studies include a wide range of topics from issues in Economics, Public Finance and Business. The book is aimed at educators, researchers, and students interested in Public Finance, Business and Economics.

Dieses Buch ist eine Chronik und Bestandsaufnahme der Corona-Pandemie in Deutschland von ihren Anfängen bis heute (April 2023).Die durch das Virus verursachte Krise offenbart schlaglichtartig die strukturellen Schwächen unseres Landes: Ein verordnungsorientierter Staatsapparat, ein antiquiertes Bildungssystems und ein eher träges Wirtschaftssystem behindern angemessene Reaktionen, weitere Entwicklung und höhere Wettbewerbsfähigkeit. Eine Bildungs- und Weiterbildungsoffensive und eine Digitalisierungsoffensive sind die wichtigsten Konsequenzen, die nun gezogen werden müssen.Das Buch bietet dazu Analysen und Gewichtungen positiver und negativer Entwicklungen auch anhand tabellarischer Darstellungen und formuliert schließlich Handlungshinweise für verschiedene Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsbereiche. Es richtet sich an Führungskräfte der Wirtschaft, deren Mitarbeiter und Begleiter in den Aufsichts- und Mitbestimmungsorganen, an die Gestalter von Bildung und Weiterbildung sowie an das politische Personal unseres Landes. Für die 2. Auflage wurde ein ausführliches Kapitel über die Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf den Kulturbetrieb ergänzt.

In diesem zweiten Band der „Allgemeinen Wirtschaftspolitik“ liefert Herbert Giersch ein Kompendium des konjunkturpolitischen Wissens seiner Zeit, das noch heute fasziniert. Es vereinigt die Erkenntnisse volkswirtschaftlicher Theorie und wirtschaftspolitischer Praxis, die der Autor in eineinhalb Jahrzehnten der universitären Lehre und Forschung sowie der Tätigkeit als akademischer Berater für sich erschlossen und weitergegeben hat. Damit umfasst es ein riesiges Spektrum von Themen, die in den sechziger und siebziger Jahren auf der Tagesordnung standen. Der Zusammenbruch des Bretton-Woods-Systems und der erste Ölpreisschock lagen bei Erstveröffentlichung dieses Bandes gerade einmal vier Jahre zurück. Damit endete die Phase dynamischen industriegetriebenen Wachstums, die Deutschland nach Auslaufen des Wirtschaftswunders Vollbeschäftigung bei starker Zuwanderung beschert hatte. Das Buch enthält alles, was Giersch vor diesem Hintergrund in der Auseinandersetzung mit Denkrichtungen vom Keynesianismus über die Neoklassik bis zum Monetarismus zu sagen hat.

Weltwirtschaftskrisen sind immer auch Gesellschaftskrisen! Treibende ökonomische Kräfte verfolgen als »homo oeconomicus« rücksichtslos isoliert exzessive Wachstumsziele mit einem skurrilen Tanz ums »goldene BIP-Kalb« – auf Kosten aller anderen Gesellschaftsinteressen und unter Inkaufnahme massiver Umweltzerstörungen. Das Paradoxe dabei ist, dass sich die Ökonomie amüsanterweise als naturwissenschaftlich geprägt sieht, obwohl sie zutiefst den Sozialwissenschaften zuzurechnen ist. Der scheinbar unaufhaltsame Trend einer diesseitigen Ökonomie erfordert angesichts sich häufender sozialer und ökologischer Probleme einen einschneidenden Richtungswechsel. Dieser kann nur darin bestehen, dass eine jenseitige Ökonomie die Interessen aller Gesellschaftsteinehmer, im engen Verbund mit dem Erhalt unserer natürlichen Lebensgrundlage stärkt und fördert. Während eine diesseitige (mono)kausale Ökonomie konfliktträchtige Ziele verfolgt, ist eine jenseitige Ökonomie geprägt durch eine vorausschauende systemische Perspektive nachhaltiger gesellschaftlicher Weiterentwicklung.

Dieses Buch ist eine Chronik und Bestandsaufnahme der Corona-Pandemie in Deutschland von Ihren Anfängen bis heute (Juli 2021).Die durch das Virus verursachte Krise offenbart schlaglichtartig die strukturellen Schwächen unseres Landes: Ein verordnungsorientierter Staatsapparat, ein antiquiertes Bildungssystems und ein eher träges Wirtschaftssystem behindern angemessene Reaktionen, weitere Entwicklung und höhere Wettbewerbsfähigkeit. Eine Bildungs- und Weiterbildungsoffensive und eine Digitalisierungsoffensive sind die wichtigsten Konsequenzen, die nun gezogen werden müssen.Das Buch bietet dazu Analysen und Gewichtungen positiver und negativer Entwicklungen auch anhand tabellarischer Darstellungen und formuliert schließlich Handlungshinweise für verschiedene Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsbereiche. Es richtet sich an Führungskräfte der Wirtschaft, deren Mitarbeiter und Begleiter in den Aufsichts- und Mitbestimmungsorganen, an die Gestalter von Bildung und Weiterbildung sowie an das politische Personal unseres Landes.

The rise and spread of Covid-19 in the beginning of 2020 presents a once-in-a-century challenge and opportunity for decision makers, managers, scholars, and citizens to understand the risks, mitigate its impact and prepare for future crises. Drawing on a global network of scholars, this book presents a comparative analysis of ten nations'response to a global pandemic, while operating nominally under the framework of the World Health Organization. The book introduces the concept of ‘collective cognition'as an analytic lens for examining the nations'response to Covid-19 during the first six months of the emerging pandemic (January – June 2020) and draws out insights for improving systems of global risk management. This book addresses four primary audiences: policy-makers and leaders in nations struggling to contain viruses while guiding their societies under threat; academic researchers, students, and educators engaged in preparing the next generation of professionals committed to investigating emerging risk: managers of non-profit and private organizations that operate and maintain the networks of social, technical, and economic services that are essential to functioning communities; and the informed general public interested in understanding this extraordinary sequence of events and in managing the novel risk of COVID-19 in a more informed, responsible way.

A deft selection of unpublished and little-known works by F. A. Hayek that will serve to enlighten and enliven debates around the ever-changing face of Western liberalism Across seventeen volumes to date, the University of Chicago Press's Collected Works of F. A. Hayek series has anthologized the diverse and prolific writings of the Austrian economist synonymous with classical liberalism. Essays on Liberalism and the Economy traces the author's long and evolving writings on the cluster of beliefs he championed most: liberalism, its core tenets, and how its tradition represents the best hope for Western civilization. This volume contains material from almost the entire span of Hayek's career, the earliest from 1931 and the last from 1984. The works were written for a variety of purposes and audiences, and they include—along with conventional academic papers—encyclopedia entries, after-dinner addresses, a lecture for graduate students, a book review, newspaper articles, and letters to the editors of national newspapers. While many are available elsewhere, two have never appeared in print, and two others have not been published in English. The varied formats collected here are enriched by Hayek's changing voice at different stages of his life. Some of the pieces resonate as high-minded and noble; some are meant as cuts to “intellectuals” (a pejorative term when used by Hayek) like Keynes and Galbraith. All serve to distill important threads of his worldview.

Dieses Fachbuch beleuchtet wo wir global mit unserer bis heute noch fossilen Weltwirtschaft stehen und wie ein Umbau weg von fossilen Brennstoffen nicht allein in Deutschland sondern weltweit gelingen könnte. Der Autor analysiert die aktuele Situation und benennt die Risiken die ein solcher Umbau mit sich bringt.

This book explores the role of expectations within the modern capitalist system. Through looking at how they are formed and develop, the impact of events that lead to a collapse in expectations, such as a major financial crisis, is examined to highlight the precarious and unstable nature of the economic system. With a particular focus on the UK and USA, it is also considered how public policy and institutions can shift the balance away from speculation and back towards enterprise. This book aims to conceptualise instability and highlight how economic and regulatory policy can limit it. It will be relevant to researchers and policymakers interested in economic policy and regulatory reform.

Due to the global health crisis, economies had to adapt to combat pandemic situations. In the present pandemic crisis, new legislation, methods, labor approaches, values, and social behaviors have emerged with a huge impact in all organizations. However, countries have applied different solutions, procedures, and rules to deal with crises. Therefore, the impact has been different per country. Organizations need to understand their customers and businesses not only to increase operational efficiency but also to increase stakeholder's satisfaction and their competitiveness in a sustainable way. Customers are becoming more exigent and markets more complex, calling for the need for higher differentiation. This was enhanced in this pandemic situation, and to survive, organizations needed to change and adapt to the new normal. The Handbook of Research on Reinventing Economies and Organizations Following a Global Health Crisis deals with management and economic issues, particularly with the reinvention of businesses and economies due to the pandemic situation and the relevance of entrepreneurship, innovation, and intensive knowledge used to deal with these changes. This book emphasizes the challenges, difficulties, and opportunities for the success of businesses and economies in periods of crisis and provides information for dealing with entrepreneurship and innovation, networks, and complementarities to recover businesses. The chapters also point out possible opportunities, challenges, and risks in the process of recovery highlighting innovation, internationalization, technology, and intensive knowledge in promoting economies and companies'competitiveness. This book is ideal for entrepreneurs, managers, economists, directors, shareholders, researchers, academicians, and students interested in how businesses reinvent and recover following a global health crisis.

This book provides a coherent Blockchain framework for the business community, governments, and universities structured around microeconomics, macroeconomics, finance, and political economy and identifies how business organizations, financial markets and governmental policies are changed by digitalization, specifically Blockchain. This framework, what they authors call “disintermediation economics,” affects everything by providing a paradigm that transforms the way we organize markets and value chains, financial services, central banking, budgetary policies, innovation ecosystems, government services, and civil society. Bringing together leading and experienced policy makers, corporate practitioners, and academics from top universities, this book offers a road map of best practices that can be immediately useful to firms, policy makers as well as academics by balancing theory with practice.

This volume is a collection of empirical and theoretical research papers in regarding Economics, Public Finance and Business written by researchers from several different universities. The studies include a wide range of topics from issues in Economics and Business. The book is aimed at educators, researchers, and students interested in Business and Economics.

This volume is a collection of empirical and theoretical research papers regardingeconomics, public finance and business written by researchers from several differentuniversities. It also includes a wide range of topics concerning issues in economics,public finance and business. This book is aimed at educators, researchers andstudents interested in these fields.

Get the Summary of Ray Dalio's Big Debt Crises in 20 minutes. Please note: This is a summary & not the original book.Original book introduction: For the 10th anniversary of the 2008 financial crisis, one of the world's most successful investors, Ray Dalio, shares his unique template for how debt crises work and principles for dealing with them well. This template allowed his firm, Bridgewater Associates, to anticipate events and navigate them well while others struggled badly. As he explained in his #1 New York Times Bestseller, Principles: Life & Work, Dalio believes that most everything happens over and over again through time so that by studying their patterns one can understand the cause-effect relationships behind them and develop principles for dealing with them well. In this 3-part research series, he does that for big debt crises and shares his template in the hopes reducing the chances of big debt crises happening and helping them be better managed in the future.

The Right Place explains why firms succeed in one country and fail in another, irrespective of their inner drivers, and suggests potential initiatives that governments can take to help the private sector create jobs and, consequently, make their countries more prosperous. The competitiveness race is not unlike a cycling race. If you want to ride fast, you need three things: a good bike, to be in good shape, and a smooth and fast road. In a collaborative model, you might say the business is the bicycle, the business leader is the cyclist, and the road is the government and the external environment. The responsibility of a government is to design and build the best possible road. It turns out that when the road is good, good cyclists suddenly appear and want to race on it. In this book, competition and macroeconomics expert, Arturo Bris, provides the analysis of country competitive performance based on 30 years advising countries on this topic. The typical mistakes that countries make are revealed and the pillars necessary in building a competitive economy: economic performance as a necessary condition for prosperity; government efficiency, so the public sector can create the conditions for a productive economy; business efficiency, so companies can create jobs; and infrastructure, both tangible and intangible, so businesses and individuals can operate efficiently. With contemporary case studies throughout, the book provides an illuminating read for politicians, business leaders and students of macroeconomics.

This book is Volume I of a two-volume set on antitrust policy, analyzing the economic efficiency and moral desirability of various tests for antitrust legality, including those promulgated by US and EU antitrust law. The overall study consists of three parts. Part I (Chapters 1-8) introduces readers to the economic, moral, and legal concepts that play important roles in antitrust-policy analysis. Part II (Chapters 9-16) analyzes the impacts of eight types of conduct covered by antitrust policy and various possible government responses to such conduct in terms of economic efficiency, the securing of liberal moral rights, and the instantiation of various utilitarian, non-utilitarian-egalitarian, and mixed conceptions of the moral good. Part III (Chapters 17-18) provides detailed information on US antitrust law and EU competition law, and compares the extent to which—when correctly interpreted and applied—these two bodies of law could ensure economic efficiency, protectliberal moral rights, and instantiate various morally defensible conceptions of the moral good. This first volume contains Part I and the first two chapters of Part II of the overall study—the two chapters that focus on oligopolistic and predatory conduct of all kinds, respectively. The book will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students of economics and law who are interested in welfare economics, antitrust legality and the General Theory of the Second Best.

Utilities Reform in 21st Century Australia: Providing the Essentials traces the development and consequences of the economic reform measures undertaken in the utilities sector in Australia (communications, energy, water/wastewater services, and transport) in the last years of the 20th century, and early decades of the 21st century. In doing so, it looks at the process of reform across industries, and across the state and federal jurisdictions, to identify what motivations the various governments had for pursing reform, how change varied across jurisdictions, and what issues arose in the process. Although by the mid-1990s all states and territories and the Australian Government were committed to reforming utilities as part of the National Competition Policy, not all pursued this reform with the same degree of speed and breadth of action. The broad trends of economic reform in Australia, and abroad, are also touched upon, to provide an outline of the wider context in which the reform of the utilities occurred. This book, therefore, explores the relationship between politics and society on the one hand and economic reform on the other; as well on as the efforts of governments in Australia to promote economic growth and the wealth of Australians in an increasingly complex and challenging global economic climate.

A new edition of F. A. Hayek's three-part opus Law, Legislation, and Liberty, collated in a single volume In this critical entry in the University of Chicago's Collected Works of F. A. Hayek series, political philosopher Jeremy Shearmur collates Hayek's three-part study of law and liberty and places Hayek's writings in careful historical context. Incisive and unrestrained, Law, Legislation, and Liberty is Hayek at his late-life best, making it essential reading for understanding the philosopher's politics and worldview. These three volumes constitute a scaling up of the framework offered in Hayek's famed The Road to Serfdom. Volume 1, Rules and Order, espouses the virtues of classical liberalism; Volume 2, The Mirage of Social Justice, examines the societal forces that undermine liberalism and, with it, liberalism's capacity to induce “spontaneous order”; and Volume 3, The Political Order of a Free People, proposes alternatives and interventions against emerging anti-liberal movements, including a rule of law that resides in stasis with personal freedom. Shearmur's treatment of this challenging work—including an immersive new introduction, a conversion of Hayek's copious endnotes to footnotes, corrections to Hayek's references and quotations, and the provision of translations to material that Hayek cited only in languages other than English—lends it new importance and accessibility. Rendered anew for the next generations of scholars, this revision of Hayek's Law, Legislation, and Liberty is sure to become the standard.

Same-sex marriage is now legal in twenty-nine countries and the subject of continued debate around the world. The Political Economy of Same-Sex Marriage: A Feminist Critique considers this debate from a political economy perspective. Rather than engaging directly in the now well-rehearsed social-movement and academic for-and-against debates, this book focuses on processes of institutionalization of same-sex marriage and so-called'rainbow families'within (neo)liberal capitalist democracies. It examines how states and markets appropriate same-sex marriage and family to enhance their own political and symbolic capital, consolidating power and profit within existing systems of gendered and raced socioeconomic stratification. Taking a radical feminist, heterodox, qualitative and intersectional approach, this book investigates the political economy of same-sex marriage across three axes: same-sex marriage as institution; same-sex marriage and the market; and the political economy of the'rainbow family'. The examination of case studies from different countries and regions enables a comparative analysis that foregrounds cultural, political and economic path dependencies while at the same time highlighting a number of striking commonalities. In all the countries discussed in this book and in most respects, same-sex marriage has been integrated almost seamlessly into a mainstream/malestream political economy of marriage and family and its translation into added market and productive value. The Political Economy of Same-Sex Marriage: A Feminist Critique will be of use to researchers and students alike, and indeed to all those who are curious about the mainstreaming of homosexuality within twenty-first-century capitalist democracies.

Social forces are important determinants of how people behave, how economies work at the macroeconomic level, and the effectiveness of economic policies. However, this dimension is generally overlooked in mainstream economics. How Social Forces Impact the Economy demonstrates that a broader conception of social economics provides for a better understanding of how economies work as a whole. This book argues that adopting a truly social approach to economics opens the door to studying how people form preferences, and how they learn by taking cues from others about how to behave and what to consume. Each chapter contributor works to highlight the breadth of new insights and possibilities that emerge from a fuller understanding of social economics. Part I focuses on microeconomics, bringing individual behaviors and individual entrepreneurs into a more social context. Part II focuses on macroeconomic topics, such as how money and quasi-monies (like Bitcoins) are social, how money developed as a social institution, and how social forces matter for economic development. Finally, Part III looks at the consequences of considering social factors when it comes to policy: environmental policy, industrial policy, and policies promoting greater equality. This book is invaluable reading to anyone interested in the relationship between economics and sociology, how social forces affect policy effectiveness, human behavior, and the overall economy.

Michael Polanyi is most famous for his work in chemistry and the philosophy of science, but in the 1930s and 1940s he made an important contribution to economics. Drawing on rich archival materials on Polanyi and his correspondents, Gábor Biró explores their competing worldviews and their struggles to popularise their visions of the economy, economic expertise and democracy. Special focus is given to Polanyi's pioneering economics film and postmodern ideas. This volume will be of interest to advanced students and researchers of the history of economics, philosophy of science, and science and technology studies.

This book demonstrates how economics is used in cases of competition in Japan. Competition between firms is usually the most effective way of allocating economic resources and achieving consumer and producer welfare. At the same time, a balance must be struck; firms must not be over-regulated, but neither must they be completely free to create a monopoly or oligopoly. Therefore, the role of competition policy is to maintain a balance by using the collaborative economics of industrial organization. The book uses economic analysis to evaluate case studies on Japanese anti-monopoly law, the Act Concerning Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade (AMA), and enforcement in e.g. cartel cases, private monopolization cases, and merger cases. The Japan Fair Trade Commission implements a competition policy, primarily through the enforcement of the AMA, which promotes ingenuity and innovation in business by guaranteeing and enhancing fair and free competition, thereby ensuring economic vitality and consumer benefit. This book is the first authoritative and compact work on competition policy in Japan, which has a more-than-70-year history and is based on solid legal principles. In addition, the book seeks to promote law enforcement based on economic analysis, and includes studies describing the enforcement mechanisms used. It provides comprehensive yet concise information on the structure of the AMA, recent cases, and economic analysis. It also explains the circumstances regarding recent cases and analyzes how the economic policy has been applied to actual cases.

In the immediate aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008, governments around the developed world coordinated policy moves to stimulate economic activity and avert a depression. In subsequent years, however, cuts to public expenditure, or austerity, have become the dominant narrative in public debate on economic policy.This unique collaboration between economists and linguists examines manifestations of the discourses of austerity as these have played out in media, policy and academic settings across Europe and the Americas. Adopting a critical perspective, it seeks to elucidate the discursive and argumentation strategies used to consolidate austerity as the dominant economic policy narrative of the twenty-first century.

Latin America is one of the most intriguing parts of the world. The region's illustrious history, culture, and geography are famous internationally, but in terms of economics, Latin America has been generally associated with problems. For many, the combination of a resource-rich region and poor economic conditions has been a puzzle.This extensively revised and updated third edition of Latin American Economic Development continues to provide the most up-to-date exploration of why the continent can be considered to have underperformed, how the various Latin American economies function, and the future prospects for the region. The book addresses the economic problems of Latin America theme by theme.Changes and new features in this new edition include: a new chapter on economic growth that reflects the new understanding of slow growth in the region; two new appendices on basic microeconomics and macroeconomics; expanded coverage on new commodities such as lithium and quinoa; a number of new boxes and updates to existing boxes; for instructors, PowerPoint presentations and an extensive test bank are available. The book provides a comprehensive text for undergraduate economics courses on Latin America and is also suitable for use by students in other disciplines looking for a wide-ranging guide to the region. This book will continue to be an invaluable resource for undergraduates looking at Latin American economics, growth, and development.

Se un paese spende più di quanto produce, alla fine qualcuno deve saldare il conto. La volontà dei politici di soddisfare le domande crescenti degli elettori li spinge a promettere e implementare politiche che gli economisti valutano spesso come inefficaci e insostenibili. Per i politici, la tentazione di spendere e comprare il consenso senza che nessuno ne debba prima o poi pagare il conto è forte, come lo è la tentazione di far pagare ad altri il costo dei loro eventuali eccessi. Ma un principio fondamentale dell'economia è che i vincoli di bilancio devono essere rispettati, poiché determinano le politiche macroeconomiche sostenibili e le differenziano da quelle insostenibili. Liberi dalla pressione elettorale, gli economisti indicano i rischi che scelte politiche imprudenti o miopi possono comportare, e questo ai politici non piace.

Most of economics takes politics for granted. Through some (often implausible) assumptions, it seeks to explain away political structures by characterizing them as stable and predictable or as inconsequential in understanding what goes on in an economy. Such attempts are misguided, and this book shows how governments and political institutions are composed of people who respond to incentives and whose behavior and choices can be studied through the lens of economics.This book aims to bridge the gap between economics and politics, and in doing so hopes to instill in the reader a deeper appreciation for social scientific thinking. Opening with a refresher on microeconomics and an introduction to the toolkit of political economy, it ensures that the necessary building blocks are in place before building up from the level of the individual and the firm to show how a political–economic equilibrium can be achieved. The text explores how to separate primitives—the external parts of a model that we cannot affect—from outcomes—the internal parts of a model that we can. Moreover, it demonstrates that economic and political issues alike can be studied within the same general framework of analysis.Political Economy and Policy Analysis offers readers the chance to gain a more sophisticated understanding of political processes, economic processes, and the interplay among them. Adopting an applied microeconomics approach, it will be ideal for upper-level undergraduate or postgraduate courses on political economy, public choice, or policy analysis. A complementary workbook with exercises and solutions that accompanies Political Economy and Policy Analysis is available for download under the eResources tab at: https://www.routledge.com/Political-Economy-and-Policy-Analysis/Merlo/p/book/9781138591783.

Economic theory and a growing body of empirical research support the idea that economic freedom is an important ingredient to long-run economic prosperity. However, the determinants of economic freedom are much less understood than the benefits that freedom provides. Economic Freedom and Prosperity addresses this major gap in our knowledge. If private property and economic freedom are essential for achieving and maintaining a high standard of living, it is crucial to understand how improvements in these areas have been achieved and whether there are lessons that can be replicated in less free areas of the world today.In this edited collection, contributors investigate this research question through multiple methodologies. Beginning with three chapters that theoretically explore ways in which economic freedom might be better achieved, it then moves on to a series of empirical chapters that examine questions including the speed and permanence of reform, the deep long-run determinants of economic freedom, the relationship between voice and exit in impacting freedom, the role of crises in generating change, and immigration. Finally, the book considers the evolution of freedom in China, development economics, and international trade, and it concludes with a consideration of what is necessary to promote a humane liberalism consistent with economic freedom. Economic Freedom and Prosperity will be of great interest to all social scientists concerned with issues of institutional change. It will particularly appeal to those concerned with economic development and the determinants of an environment of economic freedom.

The Mexican economy is a contemporary political flashpoint, and not just in Mexico, but in the United States, as well. Yet few people understand it in its full complexity, and fewer still understand the social, cultural, and historical factors that have helped to make it what it is today and that will continue to affect its future. In Understanding the Mexican Economy, Roy Boyd, Maria Eugenia Ibarrarán, and Roberto Vélez-Grajales offer a comprehensive overview of these factors. They provide a full, historical, economic, and political context through which to understand the actions of the people and government of Mexico, and they give insights into how those actions impinge -- and might continue to impinge -- on the United States. They conduct a wide-ranging examination of the Mexican economy and investigate the causes of persistent problems such as economic stagnation, high poverty levels, and emigration abroad. Stressing the critical role played by economic incentives as well as Mexico's geography and political institutions, they employ a number of modeling techniques, including a specially designed computer model, to discuss a variety of topics including international trade, regional inequality, the informal economy, natural resource extraction, Mexico's'war on drugs,'and the economic impact of US trade and immigration policy on both Mexico and the US. For its comprehensive overview and the new insights it provides into these crucial and yet often tragically misunderstood issues, Understanding the Mexican Economy is essential reading not only for economists, but also for practitioners with a policy interest in Mexico, for students of Latin American studies, Development Studies, geography, and sociology, and for anyone with an interest in recent events and controversies around US-Mexican relations.

We are bombarded with economic numbers: unemployment, retail sales, inflation, GDP—the list goes on and on. Some analyst or another is constantly telling us about an obscure statistic that is the key to our future, or is apparently the indicator that the'Fed'will be using to key off its decisions. With economic numbers playing such a central role in the national and world dialogue on policy and markets, and spilling over into the political arena, a broad review of what they are all about is timely. This book reviews the critical US economic data, and how one may put the numbers into an intellectual structure that will depict evolving economic reality. The work is aimed at those who want and need to get some understanding about how the data contributes to a big picture of the economy and guides policy. The objective is for the reader to grasp the overall logic of the data—how each piece of the puzzle contributes to our understanding of the overall economy. This is the way the Fed looks at the numbers.There are other books that go through the economic numbers, but they do so in a'bottom-up'fashion, describing a series in some detail and adding something about how financial markets may respond to it. This book naturally has considerable discussion of series, but views them as part of the overall mosaic, not items of fundamental interest in themselves.

Throughout history, humans have sought to enhance their wellbeing across various domains. Though the spectrum of factors responsible for wellbeing has widened considerably and advances have been realized in scientific-technological fields, significant failures have been encountered in establishing peaceful relations among various communities, and the natural environment has been degraded inconsiderately by humans since the Industrial Revolution.This book identifies the key factors that influence changes in wellbeing – both positively and negatively – within a framework of socio-economic globalization, instantaneous interconnectedness, and rising environmental risks. These'clusters of progress'comprise essentially the following seven areas: bolstering peace and security; respecting universal fundamental values; satisfying personal and social basic needs; expanding knowledge and managerial-technological skills; promoting arts and culture; husbanding natural resources and protecting the environment; and concerting actions for the global common good. The term'progress'is used here to mean an all-embracing sustainable advancement towards desirable goals (be they material or non-material), offering higher levels of wellbeing to individuals and to society at large, compared to previous or current conditions. In unravelling the'progress conundrum', the author draws on his own original research and field work experiences which dovetail with those of other scholars by complementing their findings and/or by offering different appraisals. The author adopts an inter-disciplinary approach that overcomes the'silo-like compartmentalization'of fields of study. The said approach enables us to reach a better understanding of the complex reality of progress (or regression) in various domains.

Certain key economic decisions taken by organizations and indeed countries are often not made by economists but by businessmen, trade unionists, politicians and policy-makers. Those who employ people, those who represent workers, those who make laws and those who elect them need economics but may have little time or desire to study it.This book makes economics easily available to everyone. The author's use of simple language and avoidance of technical jargon provides non-economists with a better understanding of economic reasoning and the tools'to know and to decide'. The author achieves this through introducing key concepts in short presentations and arming the reader with selected press articles and recent research using these concepts. An analysis of these demonstrates how a general concept can be derived from a specific context and highlighted questions provide the basis for further debate. The reader can then focus on the parts most relevant to their own needs.This book will have great appeal to employers, trade unionists and public officials attending courses organized by international institutions, professional training providers, as well as graduate students of courses where economics is an important element, especially in relation to its policy implications. Finally, it is invaluable for anybody who has wanted to learn the basics of practical economics but has been deterred by its technicalities.

The links between economic policy and economic growth are simultaneously obvious and obscure, with many factors interacting to influence the overall process. The list of relevant parameters affecting economic growth of interest to scholars and policymakers is lengthy and expanding. Although the importance of government policy is widely recognized,

Capitalism is based on a false logic in which all facts and ideas are reduced to a consideration of their ‘feasibility'within the capitalist system. Thus, all mainstream economic and political theories, including those such as Marxism which are supposed to offer an alternative vision, have been stunted and utopian ideas are completely side-lined. In order to constantly work out the feasible, you have to hang on to pseudo-factual concepts: nationalism; a constant drive for efficiency; the idea of nation/state; corporatism; managed markets; business ethics; governance etc. Capitalism is reduced to the management of the economy by states that fight each other and marvel at the independence of finance. All this, the book argues, is akin, intellectually, economically, politically, and unfortunately individually, to fascism. The Fascist Nature of Neoliberalism offers a brief, provocative analysis of this issue with special reference to the most visible executioners of its will: the much-misunderstood managerial class. This group simply happens to hold power, and hence visibility, but they do what everybody else does, and would do, all the time. This is because capitalism is an intellectual outlook that thoroughly directs individual actions through fascist and non-fascist repression. This book argues that the only way to escape capitalism is to recover individual intellectual and sentimental emancipation from capitalism itself in order to produce radical solutions.This volume is of great importance to those who study and are interested in political economy, economic theory and philosophy, as well as fascism and neoliberalism.

The prosperity and stability of any economic structure is reliant upon a foundation of secure systems that regulate the movement of money across the globe. These structures have become an integral part of contemporary society by reducing monetary risk and increasing financial security. Regaining Global Stability After the Financial Crisis is a critical scholarly publication that examines the after-effects of the economic slowdown and the steps that have been taken to overcome the consequences of the slowdown as well as strategies to reduce its impact on economies and societies. Highlighting a wide range of topics including economic convergence, risk management, and public policy for financial stability, this book is geared toward academicians, practitioners, students, managers, and professionals in the financial sector seeking current research on regaining a sense of safety and security after a time of economic crisis.

‘Jha is the right scholar and economist to take readers through the development of the Indian economy. Readers will be in good hands.'—Edmund Phelps, Columbia University, USA, and winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Economics‘This is perhaps the best and most scholarly contribution to understanding the Indian Economy and Society. Its rich historical perspective and a profound understanding of how India has evolved into a major economic power set standards of scholarship and analytical rigour that will be hard to surpass'. —Raghav Gaiha, University of Manchester, UK‘Linking of economy and society is increasingly recognised as essential for addressing policy challenges by the current phase of globalisation. As such this study should be valuable not just for those studying India, but also for those interested in global developments.'—Mukul Asher, National University of Singapore, Singapore‘This book is a tour-de-force reviewof the fundamental topics on the Indian political economy and society that are relevant for any committed social scientist to be aware of.'—Sumit K. Majumdar, University of Texas at Dallas, USAThis two-volume work provides an account of how India has been meeting its myriad of economic, political and social challenges and how things are expected to evolve in the future. Despite enormous challenges at the time of independence, India chose to address them within a secular, liberal, democratic framework, which guaranteed several fundamental rights. Challenges included intense mass poverty and hunger, very poor literacy and educational abilities of the population, the task of uniting a country with scores of languages and ethnicities ruled by different entities for decades and persistent threats of external aggression, to name just a few. Over time, incomes and opportunities have expanded enormously and India has regained her self-confidence as a nation. In this first volume, Jha presents a long view of the performance of the Indian economy and discusses key aspects of India's population, land and labor. In addition, the Indian Constitution and basic structure of governance are analysed within the context of major economic and political developments in independent India.

Published in 1998. In spite of spectacular improvements in market flexibility, the characteristics of the past twenty years are slow growth and high unemployment. Economics Through the Looking-Glass exposes the theoretical fallacy at the heart of the New Economic Orthodoxy. The fallacy lies in treating the economy as a'single-gear'machine guaranteed to operate at its full employment potential as long as it benefits from the lubricant of perfectly flexible markets (in a Walrasian Utopia of continuous market-clearing equilibrium). Unemployment is thereby reduced to a structural problem of market imperfection. As a cure for unemployment, market flexibility is presumed to be adequate; as a cure for inflation, monetary restriction is presumed to be safe. The flaw in Orthodox logic is exposed by a demonstration that a monetary economy operates as a'multi-gear'machine. Unless it is in'top-gear', market flexibility (even of Utopian perfection) is not sufficient for full employment.'Single-gear'Economic Orthodoxy is shown to have developed, not as a science, but as a religion beginning with Adam Smith's revelation of the Law of Competition. A Looking-Glass journey backwards in time from Adam Smith uncovers his suppression of the Law of Circulation and exposes the dangerous delusion of Orthodox economic policy. As a weapon against unemployment, market flexibility is inadequate; as a weapon against inflation, monetary restriction is unsafe. The'multi-gear'alternative heralds the final stage of economic liberalisation: deregulation of the market for money. The rescue of interest rates from political or central bank interference and the control of inflation by a mechanism triggered by market forces would put an end to the Orthodox policy of maintaining unemployment above its natural market rate by misguided monetary intervention.

Even with growing trends in isolationist, minimalist and protectionist movements, there is limited reading material on the subject. While many people are perplexed by the changes taking place globally and cannot quite put a finger on what's really happening,'The Unglobals'offers fresh ideas and aims to get a conversation going and find solution pathways to personal and organizational success. Written in a style similar to Spencer Johnson's Who Moved My Cheese?,'The Unglobals'offers fictional but plausible stories of individuals who have detached themselves from the globalized world. The notion of globalization alternatives and economic nationalism presented in this short, easy-to-read, thought-provoking book will intrigue readers.

We live in the era of the knowledge-based economy, and this has major implications for the ways in which states, cities and even supranational political units are spatially planned, governed and developed. In this book, Sami Moisio delves deeply into the links between the knowledge-based economy and geopolitics, examining a wide range of themes, including city geopolitics and the university as a geopolitical site. Overall, this work shows that knowledge-based'economization'can be understood as a geopolitical process that produces territories of wealth, security, power and belonging. This book will prove enlightening to students, researchers and policymakers in the fields of human geography, urban studies, spatial planning, political science and international relations.

This open access edited book captures the complexities and conflicts arising at the interface of intellectual property rights (IPR) and competition law. To do so, it discusses four specific themes: (a) policies governing functioning of standard setting organizations (SSOs), transparency and incentivising future innovation; (b) issue of royalties for standard essential patents (SEPs) and related disputes; (c) due process principles, procedural fairness and best practices in competition law; and (d) coherence of patent policies and consonance with competition law to support innovation in new technologies. Many countries have formulated policies and re-oriented their economies to foster technological innovation as it is seen as a major source of economic growth. At the same time, there have been tensions between patent laws and competition laws, despite the fact that both are intended to enhance consumer welfare. In this regard, licensing of SEPs has been debated extensively, although in most instances, innovators and implementers successfully negotiate licensing of SEPs. However, there have been instances where disagreements on royalty base and royalty rates, terms of licensing, bundling of patents in licenses, pooling of licenses have arisen, and this has resulted in a surge of litigation in various jurisdictions and also drawn the attention of competition/anti-trust regulators. Further, a lingering lack of consensus among scholars, industry experts and regulators regarding solutions and techniques that are apposite in these matters across jurisdictions has added to the confusion. This book looks at the processes adopted by the competition/anti-trust regulators to apply the principles of due process and procedural fairness in investigating abuse of dominance cases against innovators.

The aim of this book is to prove that at this present time, with our conditions of production, periodically recurrent depressions, with all their consequences are inevitable. This book will also aim to show a way that such depressions can be avoided, and will suggest a way towards a world production scheme which is fitted to serve the interests of men. The statistical data to support the arguments made in this book were supplied by Professor Dr. J. Tinbergen, and Mr. D. Groenveld, Eng.

Cet ouvrage propose une lecture originale du développement durable. En effet, la plupart des enseignements et des manuels se réfèrent aux grilles d'analyse de l'économie standard néo-classique. Pourtant, de nombreux travaux s'émancipent de cette tradition pour proposer des lectures alternatives du développement durable. Ainsi, l'écodéveloppement est le plus souvent passé sous silence, alors que pour certains auteurs contemporains il constitue le projet pionnier en matière de durabilité du développement. De même, si l'écologie industrielle est souvent abordée, il est rarement fait mention des différentes façons de l'appréhender. On peut encore citer la RSE, considérée comme la déclinaison entrepreneuriale du développement durable, sans que soit mobilisée la notion de contestabilité sociale pourtant pertinente pour comprendre pourquoi les entreprises « font du développement durable », même quand elles n'y sont pas obligées. Cette 2e édition augmentée s'enrichit d'une actualisation des grandes dates du développement durable au cours d'une période où les ODD succèdent aux OMD et où est signé l'Accord de Paris. L'économie circulaire fait son apparition pour être confrontée à l'écologie industrielle dont elle semble souvent être la soeur jumelle. Les services éco-systémiques sont convoqués dans le cadre du chapitre sur la biodiversité. Le projet d'économie politique lui-même est encore précisé dans son aptitude à interpréter le réel. Cette Économie politique du développement durable permet à chacun de s'approprier autrement l'histoire, la théorie et la pratique d'une notion devenue incontournable. Que l'on soit étudiant en Master ou de Doctorat, professionnel désireux de compléter ses connaissances, ou citoyen soucieux de ne pas se contenter « d'un seul son de cloche », cet ouvrage renouvelle l'approche du développement durable.

This title was first published in 2002: Anthony Bende-Nabende focuses on the ongoing globalization process, which has sparked an unprecedented world-wide debate. He provides a one-stop centre for a balanced coverage of the theoretical, empirical and policy issues linking globalization with foreign direct investment, regional economic integration, and economic growth and sustainable development. This stimulating book comprehensively explores the theoretical and empirical literature inter-linking the aforementioned factors from the anti-globalization activists'viewpoint, and from the pro-globalization proponents'perspective. It proposes policies that individual countries should pursue, based on the recognition that globalization generates both positive and negative effects. These comprise policies required to maximise the economic benefits globalization may generate, and those that aim to eliminate or at least minimize the negative development-oriented effects globalization may engender and, hence, to propel sustainable development. The book will be an essential guide for students, academics and those involved in international economics, environmental studies, international relations, and growth and development studies.