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The Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (BPEA) is a semi-annual academic conference and journal that pairs rigorous research with real-time policy analysis to address the most urgent economic challenges of the day. Working drafts of the papers are presented at the conference typically held twice each year. The final papers and discussant remarks from each conference are subsequently published in the journal several months later.POPP, VONA, MARIN and CHEN on The Employment Impact of a Green Fiscal Push: Evidence from the American Recovery and Reinvestment ActBUCKMAN, CHOI, DALY and SEITELMAN on The Economic Gains from EquityCHERRY, JIANG, MATVOS, PISKORSKI and SERU on Government and Private Household Debt Relief during COVID-19RENNERT, PREST, PIZER, NEWELL, ANTHOFF, KINGDON, RENNELS, COOKE, RAFTERY, ŠEVČÍKOVÁ and ERRICKSON on The Social Cost of Carbon:Advances in Long-Term Probabilistic Projections of Population, GDP, Emissions, and Discount RatesREIS on Losing the Inflation AnchorAUTOR, DORN and HANSON on On the Persistence of the China Shock

Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Book Preview: #1 There is a hidden curriculum when it comes to doing economics. Most graduate programs do not systematically train their students in what it means to work as a research economist, even when they teach them some of the interstitial knowledge. #2 The primary means by which a researcher communicates her findings is by writing them up in the form of papers. I cover how to write papers in chapter 2. Once a researcher has written a paper, she will often seek to improve it by incorporating other researchers'comments on her work. #3 The economics profession is full of opportunities for professional service. However, in order to figure out how to get to do a specific kind of service, the average early-career researcher would be at a loss.

An illuminating history of America's original credit market. The Continental Dollar is a revelatory history of how the fledgling United States paid for its first war. Farley Grubb upends the common telling of this story, in which the United States printed cross-colony money, called Continentals, to serve as an early fiat currency—a currency that is not tied to a commodity like gold, but rather to a legal authority. As Grubb details, the Continental was not a fiat currency, but a “zero-coupon bond”—a wholly different species of money. As bond payoffs were pushed into the future, the money's value declined, killing the Continentals'viability years before the Revolutionary War would officially end. Drawing on decades of exhaustive mining of eighteenth-century records, The Continental Dollar is an essential origin story of the early American monetary system, promising to serve as the benchmark for critical work for decades to come.

Most journal articles and research proposals are rejected. That represents a waste of everyone's time, energy, and spirit, especially now when, more than ever, academic careers are precarious. In this practical book, Professor Abby Day addresses these two inter-related and most challenging areas for academics and researchers in their professional careers: how to secure research funding and how to get research published.Reviewers, unpaid and often unappreciated, are over-stretched with their regular academic jobs, and increasingly reluctant to spend time reading poorly constructed papers or proposals. As fewer reviewers are available, the waiting time for a decision increases. Everyone loses. It doesn't have to be like that. Professor Day's ground-breaking strategy covers both publishing and funding challenges in similar, yet distinct ways. Lack of time? Conflicting priorities? No idea where to start or what matters most? This book explains how to overcome these and other common obstacles to successful publication and funding. For the first time, one book covers both activities, with practical guidance for setting your strategy and purpose, identifying the right publisher or funder, and understanding your audience and the key criteria for success, as well as helpful advice for writing and managing the challenges of an academic career. This book draws on the first and second editions of two international bestsellers, How to Get Research Published in Journals and Winning Research Funding. Based on original research with editors, funders, and successful academics, plus two decades of running international workshops on publishing and funding, Professor Day has now updated and merged these two critically acclaimed texts.This book is essential reading for graduate students and early career faculty members, who will gain new and effective insights and strategies to secure funding and publication opportunities to help develop their academic careers.

Emphasizing the new challenges posed by the data science revolution, digital media, and changing norms, Research Ethics in Applied Economics examines the ethical issues faced by quantitative social scientists at each stage of the research process. The first section of the book considers project development, including issues of project management, selection bias in asking research questions, and political incentives in the development and funding of research ideas. The second section addresses data collection and analysis, discussing concerns about participant rights, data falsification, data management, specification search, p-hacking, and replicability. The final section focuses on sharing results with academic audiences and beyond, with an emphasis on self-plagiarism, social media, and the importance of achieving policy impact. The discussion and related recommendations highlight emergent issues in research ethics. Featuring perspectives from experienced researchers on how they address ethical issues, this book provides practical guidance to both students and experienced practitioners seeking to navigate ethical issues in their applied economics research.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2022 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,0, University of Mannheim, language: English, abstract: The key topic of this paper is the traditional German apprenticeship system and how different stakeholders participate in it. Vocational training provides value to several stakeholders, which I illustrate in this essay. In the first half of the paper, I cover the fundamental features of the German apprenticeship system, its history and current criticism. Then, after giving a brief overview of how vocational training is approached in other European countries and the United States ('US'), two major theoretical frameworks are presented. These frameworks are the 1962 specific and general knowledge framework developed by Becker, as well as the 1998 extension of his model by Acemoglu and Pischke. In the following part of the paper, I apply Becker's model to the German apprenticeship system, finding a contradiction stemming from the empirical data. Next, the firm perspective on the apprenticeship system is covered. This includes displaying and analyzing reasons companies give for or against offering apprenticeship positions. In addition, there is an assessment of several advantages training firms can benefit from. The penultimate part of the paper features current social problems and their implications for political dynamics while also showing how vocational training can provide value for society. Finally, in the final subsection, I conclude and state possible solutions to current problems of the German apprenticeship system while also giving an outlook on the future of vocational training.

How inflation and deflation fears shape American democracy. Many foundational moments in American economic history—the establishment of paper money, wartime price controls, the rise of the modern Federal Reserve—occurred during financial panics as prices either inflated or deflated sharply. The government's decisions in these moments, intended to control price fluctuations, have produced both lasting effects and some of the most contentious debates in the nation's history. A sweeping history of the United States'economy and politics, Shock Values reveals how the American state has been shaped by a massive, ever-evolving effort to insulate its economy from the real and perceived dangers of price fluctuations. Carola Binder narrates how the pains of rising and falling prices have brought lasting changes for every generation of Americans. And with each brush with price instability, the United States has been reinvented—not as a more perfect union, but as a reflection of its most recent failures. Shock Values tells the untold story of prices and price stabilization in the United States. Expansive and enlightening, Binder recounts the interest-group politics, legal battles, and economic ideas that have shaped a nation from the dawn of the republic to the present.

Strategic Content Marketing offers a comprehensive guide to planning, creating, implementing and analyzing an effective content marketing strategy in practice. Each chapter marries established theory with modern practice, illustrating concepts with real-world case studies and examples alongside interviews with prominent content marketers, including a foreword by Joe Pulizzi, founder of The Content Marketing Institute and often referred to as the Father of Content Marketing. Chapter objectives and summaries structure learning, while reflective questions and activities aid comprehension. On reading, students will understand: The definition, purpose, and practical implementation of a content marketing programme The relationship between content marketing and broader marketing, strategic positioning, buyer personas, and research initiatives The most effective and valued forms of content marketing and how they are structured and used, including a special focus on digital and B2B content marketing How to create persuasive content and measure the effectiveness of content marketing The careers, associated competencies, and software technologies in the burgeoning field of content marketing. This comprehensive text is perfect core and recommended reading for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students studying content marketing, inbound marketing, marketing communications, digital and social media marketing, and public relations. In practice, the book is also highly valuable for practicing professionals studying for professional qualifications and looking to develop their skills. Online resources include instructor teaching slides, four-color images and templates, and chapter test bank questions.

Rigorous, careful, and nonpartisan research with a high policy impact on environmental and energy economics. Environmental and Energy Policy and the Economy focuses on the effective and efficient management of environmental and energy challenges. Research papers offer new evidence on the intended and unintended consequences, the market and nonmarket effects, and the incentive and distributional impacts of policy initiatives and market developments. This volume presents six new papers on environmental and energy economics and policy. Gilbert Metcalf examines the distributional impacts of substituting a vehicle miles-traveled tax for the existing federal excise tax in the United States. David Weisbach, Samuel Kortum, Michael Wang, and Yujia Yao consider solutions to the leakage problem of climate policy with differential tax policies on the supply and demand for fossil fuels and on domestic production and consumption. Danae Hernandez-Cortes, Kyle Meng, and Paige Weber quantify and decompose recent trends in air pollution disparities in the US electricity sector. Severin Borenstein and Ryan Kellogg provide a comparative analysis of different incentive-based mechanisms to reduce emissions in the electricity sector on a path to zero emissions. Sarah Anderson, Andrew Plantinga, and Matthew Wibbenmeyer document distributional differences in the allocation of US wildfire prevention projects. Finally, Mark Curtis and Ioana Marinescu provide new evidence on the quality and quantity of emerging “green” jobs in the United States.

A revealing collection from the intellectual titan whose work shaped the modern world. As an economist and public intellectual, Gary S. Becker was a giant. The recipient of a Nobel Prize, a John Bates Clark Medal, and a Presidential Medal of Freedom, Becker is widely regarded as the greatest microeconomist in history. After forty years at the University of Chicago, Becker left a slew of unpublished writings that used an economic approach to human behavior, analyzing such topics as preference formation, rational indoctrination, income inequality, drugs and addiction, and the economics of family. These papers unveil the process and personality—direct, critical, curious—that made him a beloved figure in his field and beyond. The Economic Approach examines these extant works as a capstone to the Becker oeuvre—not because the works are perfect, but because they offer an illuminating, instructive glimpse into the machinations of an economist who wasn't motivated by publications. Here, and throughout his works, an inquisitive spirit remains remarkable and forever resonant.

Are you a current or aspiring Ph.D. student determined to overcome the challenges that lie ahead? Do not let statistics discourage you, because this comprehensive guide is here to help you defy the odds and reach the pinnacle of academic achievement. With failure rates hovering between 40% and 50%, it is crucial to equip yourself with the right skills to ensure your success. In this book, you will embark on a transformative journey toward becoming a confident and accomplished scholar. This book takes a meticulous approach, addressing the six essential skills every Ph.D. student must possess: research, writing, presentation, time management, persistence, and collaboration. Each chapter delves into the significance of these skills within the Ph.D. process, explores the necessary competences, and provides practical strategies for their acquisition. Armed with numerous tips, tricks, and actionable advice, this invaluable resource empowers you to optimize your performancethroughout your Ph.D. journey. Within these pages, you will discover how to assess your current skill set, identify areas for improvement, and develop a personalized academic development plan. With the aid of many informative figures and tables, you will find quick and easy access to expert guidance. Do not let uncertainty and self-doubt hinder your progress. “Unlocking PhD Success” is your roadmap to triumph, supporting you every step of the way as you conquer the challenges of doctoral studies. Embrace this book as your trusted companion, and unlock your full potential as an exceptional Ph.D. candidate.

Authoritative takes on the most current and pressing issues in macroeconomics today. The NBER Macroeconomics Annual provides a forum for leading economists to participate in important debates in macroeconomics and to report on major developments in macroeconomic analysis and policy. The NBER Macroeconomics Annual brings together leading scholars to discuss five research papers on central issues in contemporary macroeconomics. First, Andrea Eisfeldt, Antonio Falato, and Mindy Xiaolan document the rise of a new class of worker that receives part of its labor income as equity-based compensation, its role in the recent decline in the labor share of income, and implications for the returns to skilled labor and the implied capital-skill complementarity. Next, Michael Bauer and Eric Swanson focus on monetary policy shocks and argue the correlation between estimated monetary surprises and previously available information can be explained by uncertainty about the parameters of the monetary policy rule. Using new data and methods they find effects of monetary policy on macroeconomic variables that are much larger than previously estimated. Job Boerma and Loukas Karabarbounis provide a framework for quantitatively exploring the gap in wealth between White and Black Americans over the past 150 years and examine the effectiveness of reparations as a tool for closing this gap. Guido Menzio considers workers who do not have rational expectations, and whose “stubborn” beliefs change the response of wages to technology shocks, resulting in sticky wages. He finds that the larger the fraction of workers with stubborn beliefs, the more volatile unemployment is. Finally, Rishabh Aggarwal, Adrien Auclert, Matthew Rognlie, and Ludwig Straub investigate the growth—particularly in the United States—of private savings, current account deficits, and fiscal deficits after 2020. They argue that fiscal deficits lead to large and persistent increases in private savings and current account deficits.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2022 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,7, Wiesbaden University of Applied Sciences (Hochschule RheinMain), course: Digital Business Management, language: English, abstract: The primary purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the implementation of blockchain technology in the food supply chain by showing its potential to build trust among the stakeholders and to make the food supply chain efficient and cost-effective. A comprehensive literature review covering books, articles, journals, news, and expert opinions has been conducted to address the research questions. The findings in the thesis lead to the conclusion that blockchain is a promising technology that has the potential to transform the food supply chain. Blockchain is capable of building consumer trust, providing information about the food we consume, and making the food traceability easier. Furthermore, it builds transparency among the stakeholders. Last but not least, it makes the food chain cost-effective by automating most of the transactions and eliminating paperwork and intermediaries. This paper ends with a discussion of some challenges in implementing blockchain due to its early phases of development.

Volume 27 of Advances in Industrial and Labor Relations (AILR) contains five peer-reviewed papers highlighting key aspects of employment relations across a variety of disciplinary perspectives. These papers feature historical and legal analyses of work regulation, intra-organizational analysis of employee development and entry-level hiring decisions, prospects for unionization and other forms of collective association in gig economy companies, and analysis of on-line versus in-person mediation of employment disputes involving allegations of discrimination. As with prior AILR volumes, the papers in Volume 27 display a variety of quantitative and qualitative research methods. These range from primary research methods such as case studies, survey, interviews, and historiography to longitudinal and cross-sectional empirical studies and theory building.

The privatisation of the British railway industry was a unique political and economic event. An integrated industry was broken-up into numerous component parts and sold off to private sector interests. The result was a highly fragmented industry that was structurally unsound and operationally dysfunctional. This authoritative volume presents an enlightening portrait of an industry that is less efficient, more costly and still more dependent on state subsidy today than its nationalised predecessor.The nine chapters in this work present a comprehensive and rigorous evaluation of how and why the industry has become so dysfunctional and costly, supported by detailed financial analysis and industry examples.Seven chapters comprise a series of peer-reviewed academic papers by Professor McCartney and Dr Stittle and published in leading international journals over the period 2004–2017 which analyse selected key segments of the privatised industry: where appropriate, updates are provided at the end of these chapters outlining developments since initial publication relevant to the analysis therein. Two chapters are published here for the first time: Chapter 7 reviews the performance of the freight sector, while Chapter 1 ‘bookends'the volume by providing first, an account of how rail privatisation was conceived and implemented in the 1980s/90s, and then reviews the impact of the pandemic and the proposals of the Williams-Shapps White Paper of 2021 which, if enacted, will effectively end the Major government's experiment.Going far beyond the usual superficial analysis of the topic, this volume will be of significant interest to researchers and advanced students of accounting, economics, business history, transport studies, as well as industry and specialised business interests in transport and privatisation.

The Law and Economics of Privacy, Personal Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Incomplete Monitoring presents new findings and perspectives from leading international scholars on several emerging areas issues in legal and economic research. The collection contains new theoretical papers on privacy, the protection of personal data, the use of regulatory monitoring under legal standards versus rules, a study of the properties of market efficiency in securities fraud litigation, as well as an analysis of non-exclusionary price floors. It also contains an empirical paper on the relationship between uncertainty of patent approval of artificial intelligence applications and the Supreme Court's decision in Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International. Finally, the volume features a law-and-economics assessment of the Chinese financial system within the context of the trade-off between centralized control and rapid growth. This 30th volume of Research in Law and Economics showcases the cutting edge theoretical and empirical findings for researchers and professionals considering these complex issues intersecting law, technology, and economics.

The NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2021 presents research-central issues in contemporary macroeconomics. Robert Hall and Marianna Kudlyak examine unemployment dynamics during economic recoveries. They present new empirical findings and explore models in which the labor market gradually draws down the stock of unemployed workers in the aftermath of a downturn. Titan Alon, Sena Coskun, Matthias Doepke, David Koll, and Michèle Tertilt analyze the relative decline in employment of women during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated global recession. They show that increased childcare needs, which fell more heavily on women, and differences in occupations both contributed. In the case of the US, however, each of these factors account for less than 20% of the gender gap in hours worked during the pandemic. Richard Rogerson and Johanna Wallenius study the employment rates of older workers in OECD countries over the last forty years. An expansion of institutions incentivizing retirement, concurrent with negative aggregate shocks between 1970 and 1995, led to falling employment rates. This trend started to reverse in the mid-1990s when many of these institutions, such as public pension programs, were cut back. Michael Barnett, William Brock, and Lars Peter Hansen explore the consequences of risk, ambiguity, and model misspecification in climate policy design. They consider carbon emissions pricing and the effects of different sources of uncertainty—such as future information about environmental damage, uncertainties in carbon and temperature dynamics and damage functions, and the role of future green technologies—on policy design. Michael Kremer, Jack Willis, and Yang You present new evidence suggesting a steady trend toward income convergence across countries since the late 1980s. They find convergence in various determinants of economic growth across countries and a flattening of the relationship between growth and these determinants. The paper challenges theories of growth arising after earlier rejections of the neoclassical growth model.

The papers in this volume analyze the deployment of Big Data to solve both existing and novel challenges in economic measurement. The existing infrastructure for the production of key economic statistics relies heavily on data collected through sample surveys and periodic censuses, together with administrative records generated in connection with tax administration. The increasing difficulty of obtaining survey and census responses threatens the viability of existing data collection approaches. The growing availability of new sources of Big Data—such as scanner data on purchases, credit card transaction records, payroll information, and prices of various goods scraped from the websites of online sellers—has changed the data landscape. These new sources of data hold the promise of allowing the statistical agencies to produce more accurate, more disaggregated, and more timely economic data to meet the needs of policymakers and other data users. This volume documents progress made toward that goal and the challenges to be overcome to realize the full potential of Big Data in the production of economic statistics. It describes the deployment of Big Data to solve both existing and novel challenges in economic measurement, and it will be of interest to statistical agency staff, academic researchers, and serious users of economic statistics.

Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Book Preview: #1 The mystery of Whipple's success is why his commercials sold so much toilet paper. The answer is that they were extremely irritating, and people used the fast-forward button to avoid them. #2 The idea of Mr. Whipple, the advertiser, is not good. It is repetitive, schmaltzy, and cornball. But it is effective advertising, and it sells billions of rolls of toilet paper. #3 The public is cynical about advertising, and we send out every year the Gallup poll of most and least trusted professions. advertising practitioners trade last or second-to-last place with used car salesmen and members of Congress. #4 The 1950s saw the birth of modern advertising, with the concept of the unique selling proposition. This meant that advertisers would claim their products offered a specific benefit that no other product did.

A timely investigation of the potential economic effects, both realized and unrealized, of artificial intelligence within the United States healthcare system. In sweeping conversations about the impact of artificial intelligence on many sectors of the economy, healthcare has received relatively little attention. Yet it seems unlikely that an industry that represents nearly one-fifth of the economy could escape the efficiency and cost-driven disruptions of AI. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges brings together contributions from health economists, physicians, philosophers, and scholars in law, public health, and machine learning to identify the primary barriers to entry of AI in the healthcare sector. Across original papers and in wide-ranging responses, the contributors analyze barriers of four types: incentives, management, data availability, and regulation. They also suggest that AI has the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs. Understanding both the benefits of and barriers to AI adoption is essential for designing policies that will affect the evolution of the healthcare system.

This is an open access book.- Background：Financial globalization plays a huge role in promoting the development of the world economy and the optimal allocation of world resources, stimulates the accelerated development of the international division of labor, and increases the international flow of production factors such as industrial transfer, capital transfer, and technology transfer. It enables developing countries to make up for the lack of their own capital and technology, and obtain industrial evolution, technological progress, and institutional innovation, thereby accelerating the speed of economic development; it also enables developed countries to open up cheap labor, raw material markets and broad consumer markets, prolonging product value. More profits, ease the economy, the contradiction of stagflation, and restore economic growth.- Present situation：At the current stage, the overall environment of the international financial market is relatively stable, and the market environment has been improved to some extent.However, due to the complexity and diversity of the world economy, coupled with the national characteristics of some countries, There is great uncertainty in international policies, which has greatly affected the stability of the international financial market.In addition, the current international environment is changing. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the epidemic, and the Taiwan issue have all had an impact on the international economic situation. This is also the difference between this conference and previous conferences. we hope to have a deeper discussion on the current situation.- Objectives of this conference：The 9th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2024) aims to accommodate this need, as well as to:1. provide a platform for experts and scholars, engineers and technicians in the field of financial Innovation and economic development to share scientific research achievements and cutting-edge technologies2. Understand academic development trends, broaden research ideas, strengthen academic research and discussion, and promote the industrialization cooperation of academic achievements3. Promote the institutionalization and standardization of Financial Innovation and Economic Development through modern research4. Increasing the number of scientific publications for financial Innovation and economic development- Conference information：As an annual conference held successfully in the past 8 years, the 9th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2024) will be held in Ningbo on January 12–14, 2024. The conference sincerely invites experts, scholars, business people and other relevant personnel from domestic and foreign universities, research institutions to participate in the exchange.We warmly invite you to participate in ICFIED 2024 and look forward to seeing you in Ningbo, China.

Das Buch bietet eine kompakte Einführung in das Themengebiet Finanzstabilität. Dabei werden volkswirtschaftliche, institutionelle und regulatorische Gesichtspunkte berücksichtigt. Die aufeinander aufbauenden Kapitel geben im ersten Teil zunächst einen Überblick über das makroprudenzielle Mandat, d.h. den Auftrag das gesamte Finanzsystem zu überwachen, und gehen auf die Bedeutung der Stabilität des Finanzsystems ein. Der zweite Teil behandelt die Grundlagen makroprudenzieller Überwachung und geht auf Risikoarten und die Beurteilung von Risiken ein. Schwerpunkt des dritten Teils ist der Themenkomplex makroprudenzielle Politik, in welchem die Akteure und Institutionen sowie die ihnen zur Stärkung der Finanzstabilität zur Verfügung stehenden Instrumente thematisiert werden. Das Buch richtet sich an Fachleute in Aufsichtsbehörden, Geschäftsbanken und Zentralbanken, Studierende in Bachelor- und Masterstudiengängen mit volkswirtschaftlichem oder aufsichtsrechtlichem Bezug sowie Interessierte, die ein solides Verständnis für die Sicherheit und Stabilität des Finanzsystems erlangen möchten. Die Autorinnen und Autoren sind in verschiedenen Positionen bei der Deutschen Bundesbank und der Hochschule der Deutschen Bundesbank tätig: Sebastian Breuer, Abteilungsleiter im Zentralbereich Finanzstabilität Dr. Niklas Gadatsch, Senior Financial Stability Expert und Forschungskoordinator Dr. Katharina Knoll, Senior Financial Stability Expert Prof. Dr. Tobias Körner (Hrsg.), Hochschullehrer, Volkswirtschaftslehre und Finanzstabilität Prof. Dr. Oliver Kruse (Hrsg.), Hochschullehrer, Bank- und Wertpapiermanagement, Mittelstandsfinanzierung Dr. Jens Reich, Leiter der Repräsentanz der Bundesbank für Nord-Amerika Uwe Schollmeyer, Hochschullehrer, Zahlungsverkehr, Geldpolitik und Zentralbankwesen Dr. Benjamin Weigert, Leiter des Zentralbereichs Finanzstabilität

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Group Decision and Negotiation, GDN 2024, which took place in Porto, Portugal, during June 2–5, 2024. The field of Group Decision and Negotiation focuses on decision processes with at least two participants and a common goal but conflicting individual goals. Research areas of Group Decision and Negotiation include electronic negotiations, experiments, the role of emotions in group decision and negotiations, preference elicitation and decision support for group decisions and negotiations, and conflict resolution principles. The 13 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 100 submissions. They were organized in the following topical sections: Conflict Resolution; Preference Modeling for Group Decision and Negotiation; Collaborative and Responsible Negotiation Support Systems and Studies.

With the Brexit referendum more than 50% of the British population voted in favour of the UK leaving the EU. Since that event, much speculation has been about Brexit impact on the global economy, also affecting the insurance market. Existing papers and literature indicate potential significant Brexit implications on the structure of the European insurance market due to the loss of the European Passport, the European Solvency II supervisory regime, as well as on stock prices of insurance companies based in the EU and UK, but so far there is no holistic view on this topic. The dissertation aims to bring together the fragmentary information on Brexit implications for the European insurance market, develop methodological approaches further, conduct new analyses, and reflect a holistic picture of the impact of Brexit on the European insurance market, focusing on the structure of the European insurance market, stock market reactions and the Solvency II supervisory regime.

Planning Research in Hospitality and Tourism, third edition is an accessible, concise and practical guide to planning, conducting and analysing research in tourism and hospitality.International in scope and appeal, this book provides students with an introduction to the basic principles, research techniques and characteristics of research in the international hospitality and tourism sectors in a straightforward and accessible way. It includes a variety of features throughout to aid understanding and offer practical tips of overcoming potential research issues. This new edition has been fully updated to include:• New chapters on mixed methods and how to adopt technology into research practices.• More coverage of research strategies, focus groups, sampling secondary research as well as experimental design.• New and updated international case studies and extracts from journals, providing real examples of tourism and hospitality research scenarios.• Student and lecturer online resources, including practice datasets for students.Enriched with insightful case studies throughout, this volume is essential reading for all tourism and hospitality researchers.

This is an open access book.2022 International Conference on Mathematical Statistics and Economic Analysis(MSEA 2022) will be held in Dalian, China from May 27 to 29, 2022.Based on probability theory, mathematical statistics studies the statistical regularity of a large number of random phenomena, and infers and forecasts the whole. Economic development is very important to people's life and the country. Through data statistics and analysis, we can quickly understand the law of economic development. This conference combines mathematical statistics and economic analysis for the first time to explore the relationship between them, so as to provide a platform for experts and scholars in the field of mathematical statistics and economic analysis to exchange and discuss.

Drawing on phenomenological and realist approaches, this book surveys the theoretical evolution of new institutional economics.For all its popularity and explanatory power, new institutional economics is not a homogenous field but encompasses a range of different theoretical approaches starting from Coase and the introduction of transaction costs. In particular, the concept of rationality is a rich source of dispute leading to a bifurcation between ‘insider'and ‘outsider'perspectives. The insider view refers to studying conscious human beings – the economic actor – who seek their self-interest and find themselves in their mundane situation. The self-interest of the economic actor bestows him with logic. It makes the logic of the situation the method of economics, as Karl Popper establishes. Thus, the book argues for the positioning of new institutional economics as situational logic, that is, an economic theory that formulates and studies single-exit situations that face the economic actor. Ultimately, this book presents a critical appraisal of new institutional economics theories based on a substantiated methodological perspective that effectively navigates the theorist between realism and rigor.This book will be of interest to readers of new institutional economics, economic theory, and the philosophy of economics and social sciences.

This book consists of selected papers from the International Conference on Economics, Business and Sustainability (ICEBS) 2023 which brings together academics to exchange their research results and share experiences on all aspects of economics, business and sustainability The conference delivered a specific focus and significant breakthroughs in the rapid global economic rebound. The event appealed to scholars, academics, researchers, experts, development actors, practitioners and university students to join a part and share outlooks, experiences, research findings and the recent research trends in the milieu of social sciences. The ICEBS 2023 is expected to gain mutual understanding and insights, offering solutions and policy recommendations.

Gold is money, and its durability, density, consistency and limited new supplies have resulted in it being the only currency to have acted as a true store of value over the millennia. This booklet was written by Rory Gillen, founder of GillenMarkets and author of 3 Steps to Investment Success, published in 2012. It outlines the physical characteristics of gold that underpin its use as jewellery and, more recently, in complex industrial applications. As gold yields no income, it cannot be valued in a conventional sense, so the booklet offers guidance on how to judge gold's intrinsic value and how one can value gold relative to other hard assets such as US house prices. The booklet also introduces you to three separate and highly useful technical indicators that provide a risk-controlled way of determining when gold is worth buying. All three indicators have outperformed a ‘Buy & Hold'gold strategy since 1968 by wide margins. Finally, there's a discussion on the merits or otherwise of bitcoin, which some argue is the new digital gold.

QUICK WIN BUSINESS COMMUNICATION is written for business people who recognise how vital effective communication is to their own success and to the success of their organisations. While you are reading through the answers to your questions, other business people may be discussing missions, goals, losses, profits, overheads, policies, budgets, loans, promotions, strategic plans, product development, training, hiring, technology, downsizing, take-overs, global competitiveness, office parties, desk arrangements, coffee breaks, or office supplies. Imagine the implications if you can't understand what is being discussed online, in webinars, boardrooms, offices, or at lunch. Imagine the implications if your colleagues don't understand your views or are unable to articulate their own. Whether you are ordering paper for the copier or making long-range hiring plans, if communication fails, the outcome is confusion. Therefore, let's examine ways of ensuring a happier outcome. There are six sections to this book: Business Communication Essentials covers some of the fundamental questions that business people have about what makes an effective communicator and why it matters. It also explains the communication process in theory and what may prevent you from being clear; Business Communication Techniques answers questions ranging from unblocking communication to the importance of valuing people and includes topics like the importance of word choices, organising your thoughts and the role and use of visuals; Meetings & Interviews looks at aspects of well-run meetings; Writing – Offline & Online answers your questions about how to achieve greater clarity with the written word; Speaking & Presenting addresses your basic questions about formal and informal talks; Achieving Business Communication Excellence considers your ongoing development as an effective communicator. Updated in a new 2nd edition, QUICK WIN BUSINESS COMMUNICATION is designed so that you can dip in and out seeking answers to your top business communication questions as they arise. Answers to your queries can be located not only from the contents list but also by using the subject grid at the start of the book and by following the thread of cross-references provided at the end of each Q&A.

An essential origin story of modern society's most influential economic doctrine. The Chicago School of economic thought has been subject to endless generalizations—and mischaracterizations—in contemporary debate. What is often portrayed as a monolithic obsession with markets is, in fact, a nuanced set of economic theories born from decades of research and debate. The Monetarists is a deeply researched history of the monetary policies—and personalities—that codified the Chicago School of monetary thought from the 1930s through the 1960s. These policies can be characterized broadly as monetarism: the belief that prices and interest rates can be kept stable by controlling the amount of money in circulation. As economist George S. Tavlas makes clear, these ideas were more than just the legacy of Milton Friedman; they were a tradition in theory brought forth by a crucible of minds and debates throughout campus. Through unprecedented mining of archival material, The Monetarists offers the first complete history of one of the twentieth century's most formative intellectual periods and places. It promises to elevate our understanding of this doctrine and its origins for generations to come.

A sweeping history of the American invention of modern money. Economists endlessly debate the nature of legal tender monetary systems—coins and bills issued by a government or other authority. Yet the origins of these currencies have received little attention. Dror Goldberg tells the story of modern money in North America through the Massachusetts colony during the seventeenth century. As the young settlement transitioned to self-governance and its economy grew, the need to formalize a smooth exchange emerged. Printing local money followed. Easy Money illustrates how colonists invented contemporary currency by shifting its foundation from intrinsically valuable goods—such as silver—to the taxation of the state. Goldberg traces how this structure grew into a worldwide system in which, monetarily, we are all Massachusetts. Weaving economics, law, and American history, Easy Money is a new touchstone in the story of monetary systems.

Logistics and supply chain management are considered as the backbone of humanitarian operations, significantly influencing their performance. Consequently, it is not surprising that the academic community addressed performance measurement in humanitarian logistics early on and extensively. However, there exists a significant disparity between the academic findings on performance measurement and their practical implementation within humanitarian organizations. What factors contribute to this gap, and how can we bridge it? This book aims to provide a socio-technical solution through an action researchbased approach that designs and develops a process-driven and IT-supported performance management system for humanitarian logistics. By utilizing an iterative and participatory design methodology, an active involvement of humanitarian organizations in identifying and addressing their practitioner realities, needs, and objectives is ensured. The resulting performance management system has been designed, implemented, and evaluated within three distinct and representative humanitarian organizations. As a result, these research findings hold promise for enhancing the capabilities of humanitarian organizations to measure and manage logistics performance effectively.

While most people assume that all bribery is unethical, the literature provides examples and philosophical arguments to support the proposition that some bribery may actually be ethical, based on utilitarian grounds. This book provides a theoretical and empirical examination of bribery from an ethical perspective. It examines empirical data from over 80 countries and reports on attitudes toward bribery examining demographic variables such as gender, age, ethnicity, education, income level, religion and social class. Multi-country comparisons are provided to determine whether views toward bribery differ by geographic location.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2012 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: 1.3, European Business School - International University Schloß Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel (Aviation Management), language: English, abstract: The introduction of an emission trading system within the European Union from 2012 on represents a major financial barrier for all airlines, especially those operating their hubs inside the EU. While the plan is to request all airlines flying in the EU to buy emission certificates, most non-European carriers could still benefit from the international disputes going on at the moment. European-based airlines in turn fear a disadvantage against their non-european competitors, as the need for emission certificates will burden their already high cost structures even further. The paper should first explain the concept of emission trading schemes as well as the current plan of introducing emission trading in the European Union. The second part will then elaborate on the airline's perspective on emission trading and the included risks/ disadvantages originating from an introduction of such a system. A third part will then analyze the correlation between announcements concerning the emission trading system and the performance of airline stock prices. The analysis shall be based on the stock performance of major European airlines, as they will be the ones facing major discrimination if the system gets introduced. Finally, the usefulness of an emission trading system is going to be discussed and alternatives to solve the climate change issue will be presented.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2022 in the subject Business economics, grade: A, University of Nairobi, language: English, abstract: Tobacco tax is one of the measures that governments around the world implement in an attempt to curb the use of tobacco products in the country. Multiple studies have suggested that tobacco tax could have considerable impact on consumption and revenue. In this regard, the researcher proposes a structured literature review protocol to explore this study goal. The protocol encompasses a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed sources on the topic. For instance, some studies suggested that tobacco tax leads to an increase in prices of the commodity, thus could deter people from consuming it. Apart from acting as a deterrent to cigarette consumption, it is also an important source of revenue for the government. In a nutshell, the systematic literature review will allow the researcher to compare and contrast multiple sources on tobacco tax and its impact and develop appropriate conclusions. The proposal also highlights the process of literature search and the inclusion criteria in the study.

Timely and authoritative research on the latest issues in tax policy. Tax Policy and the Economy publishes current academic research on taxation and government spending with both immediate bearing on policy debates and longer-term interest. This volume of Tax Policy and the Economy presents new research on important issues concerning US taxation and transfers. First, Edward L. Glaeser, Caitlin S. Gorback, and James M. Poterba examine the distribution of burdens associated with taxes on transportation. Replacing the gasoline tax with a vehicle-miles-traveled (VMT) tax would increase the burden on higher-income households, who drive more fuel-efficient cars and are more likely to own electric vehicles. User charges for airports, subways, and commuter rail are progressive, while the burden of bus fees is larger for lower-income households than for their higher-income counterparts. Next, Katarzyna Bilicka, Michael Devereux, and Irem Güçeri investigate tax shifting by multinational companies (MNCs) and the implications of a potential Global Minimum Tax (GMT). They find that MNCs shift intellectual property to tax havens, and that a large share of patenting activity takes place in tax havens where little or no R&D occurs. Tax havens are particularly important for MNCs with large subsidiary networks; such firms would likely be subject to a GMT. Mark Duggan, Audrey Guo, and Andrew C. Johnston study the role of experience rating in the Unemployment Insurance (UI) system and find that the current structure stabilizes the labor market because it penalizes firms with high rates of UI-eligible layoffs. In the fourth paper, David Altig, Laurence J. Kotlikoff, and Victor Yifan Ye calculate how retiring at different ages will affect Social Security benefit amounts, taking into account taxation and other benefits. They find that virtually all individuals aged 45 to 62 should wait until age 65 or later to maximize their Social Security benefits. Indeed, 90 percent would benefit from waiting until age 70, but only 10 percent do so. Finally, Jonathan Meer and Joshua Witter examine the potential impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit on the labor force decisions of childless adults who are eligible for a small credit after they reach age 25. Comparing labor force attachment changes just before and after this age suggests that the EITC has little impact on the labor force participation of this group.

A stellar cast of economists examines the roles of creative destruction in addressing today's most important political and social questions.Inequality is rising, growth is stagnant while rents accumulate, the environment is suffering, and the COVID-19 pandemic exposed every crack in the systems of global capitalism. How can we restart growth? Can our societies be made fairer? Editors Ufuk Akcigit and John Van Reenen assemble a world-leading group of social scientists and theorists to consider these questions and, in particular, how ideas about the economics of creative destruction may help solve the problems we face.Most closely associated with Joseph Schumpeter, formalized by Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt in the 1990s, the idea of innovation as creative destruction has become foundational in economics, reaching into almost every corner of the discipline—both theoretically and empirically. Now, at a time of rapid and disorienting change, is an opportune moment to pull the disparate strands of research together to assess what has been learned and continue an intellectual project that can aid economic decision-making in the decades to come.The cutting-edge work in The Economics of Creative Destruction focuses on innovation and growth. Contributors offer illuminating insights into monopoly and inequality, the nature of the social safety net, climate change, and the ups and downs of regulation. Collectively, they suggest that governance has a role to play in capitalism, maximizing its benefits and minimizing its risks.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2023 in the subject Economics - Other, grade: 2,3, Humboldt-University of Berlin, language: English, abstract: Introduced in 2015 by the Council of the European Union (EU) and the European Parliament and put into effect in 2019, the Market Stability Reserve (MSR) was introduced as a central tool to regulate the flaws of the cap-and-trade Emission Trading System (ETS) of the EU. The EU set the goal to reach the climate targets from the Kyoto protocol decided upon in 1997 as well as the Paris agreement adopted in 2015 regarding the reduction of their greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). Purpose was not only to lower emissions but to achieve this in the most cost-effective and coordinated way. As the largest emission trading system in the world, the EU ETS covers 30 countries and around 10,000 facilities. In total, 40% of the emissions of these countries are covered by the ETS. Recent efforts of the EU's Green Deal intend to increase the environmental ambitions of the EU even more and reform the MSR along its “Fit for 55 program”. The MSR plays a significant role in this reform and has been used as the central regulating tool in order to improve structural supply-demand imbalances since its implementation. The goal of this thesis is to outline in what regard the Market Stability Reserve is helpful within the EU ETS to get closer to the EU's most recent environmental goals and what changes could be made to make it more efficient. In the second chapter, the EU's sustainability intentions as well as the EU ETS in general will be outlined. The third chapter, will describe the function and mechanisms of the MSR composition in detail as well as what the intentions behind its implementation and changes were as it has considerably changed its structure since its creation. Chapter 3 will also describe and illustrate the market mechanisms of the MSR graphically from a micro economic aspect. Chapter 4 will present four different phenomena of the ETS and highlight how they impact and influence the MSR and how conversely the MSR influences them along with a specific example. The 5th chapter will discuss proposed changes that could help it become more efficient as the system is constantly changing and new reforms are already expected. Chapter 6 will look at future possibilities of the ETS complementing or replacing the MSR. In chapter 7, the core findings of this paper are discussed before concluding the most relevant findings in chapter 8.

Law of one price continues to be a central tenet of Financial Economics. This book is devoted towards examining law of one price in the context of dually-listed shares of Indian companies. Put simply, this book delves on the relationship between the prices of domestic shares issued by Indian companies and the prices of foreign shares issued by the same companies. It also examines the evolving uncertainty in relationships between such dually-listed shares issued by Indian companies. It draws upon the insights that we garnered over the years while working on technical papers in this area. The book, thus, undertakes concerted efforts to present facts in a manner that sensitise and meaningfully inform readers of the prevalent breadth and depth of dual-listing (cross-listing) landscape globally and more so, locally (India).

This volume is a collection of empirical and theoretical research papers regarding Economics, Public Finance and Business written by researchers from several different universities. The studies include a wide range of topics from issues in Economics, Public Finance and Business. The book is aimed at educators, researchers, and students interested in Public Finance, Business and Economics.

This book, the second of two volumes, explores the legacy of Trevor Winchester Swan, often described as Australia's greatest ever economist. Some of Swan's most prominent articles are presented alongside analysis of his work from leading historians of economic thought to provide a broad and insightful view of his work. Particular attention is given to Swan's work on the balance of payments, economic development, capital accumulation, and the neoclassical growth model. This book aims to shed light on the enigmatic and influential life of Trevor Winchester Swan. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in the history of economic thought and those that want to understand the foundations of modern macro, trade, and neoclassical economics.

Won Honorable Mention for 2023 ILHA Book of the Year (International Labor History Association) The iconic leader of one of America's most powerful unions, Harry Bridges put an indelible stamp on the twentieth century labor movement. Robert Cherny's monumental biography tells the life story of the figure who built the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) into a labor powerhouse that still represents almost 30,000 workers. An Australian immigrant, Bridges worked the Pacific Coast docks. His militant unionism placed him at the center of the 1934 West Coast Waterfront Strike and spurred him to expand his organizing activities to warehouse laborers and Hawaiian sugar and pineapple workers. Cherny examines the overall effectiveness of Bridges as a union leader and the decisions and traits that made him effective. Cherny also details the price paid by Bridges as the US government repeatedly prosecuted him for his left-wing politics. Drawing on personal interviews with Bridges and years of exhaustive research, Harry Bridges places an extraordinary individual and the ILWU within the epic history of twentieth-century labor radicalism.

This book aims to present a picture of one of the world's leading credit rating agencies. Credited as being the first credit rating agency, Moody's stands as the epitome of the rating sector and all that it effects. However, outside of internal and non-public histories compiled within the rating agency itself, the story of Moody's has never been told, until now. However, this is not a historical book. Rather, this book paints a picture of Moody's on a wider canvas that introduces the concept of rating to you, taking into account the origins of the sector, the competitive battles that formed the modern-day oligopoly, and the characters that have each taken their turn on sculpting the industry that, today, is critical to the modern economy.The book is a story of personable people who provided the market with what it needed, but it is more than that. It is a story of conflict, impact, strategy, and most of all the relationship between big business and modern society. Standing as the gatekeeper to the capital markets that form the core of modern society, Moody's represents the very best of what the marketplace can produce, but also the very worst. This story takes in economic crises in the antebellum US, the Panics of the early 1900s, the Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression and, of course, the Global Financial Crisis. It does this because, at the heart of each one was a member of the rating industry or the reporting industry that preceded it. Associated with almost any financial scandal you may care to remember the credit rating agencies, in their often-uncomfortable role as gatekeepers, have their fingerprints on most financial scandals and calamities. This book tells the story of the industry's founding member.

This book provides a collection of key papers about migration, focusing on multiple aspects of international and internal migration in various times and places. Because migration has been such an important part of global peopling, the book contains synopses of major geographic movements from ancient and early history as well as the present. It includes material from anthropology, archaeology, criminology, demography, economics, ethnic studies, geography, health sciences, history, law, public policy, political science, psychology, and sociology. By providing a treatment of migration that is multifaceted, comparative, and multi-disciplinary, it offers not only a basis for conceptualizing broad features of migration and their changes, but also one for discerning the formal and informal policy auspices that have influenced migration. The book thus constitutes a significant resource for students, teachers, practitioners, scholars, and researchers interested in or working on aspectsof migration in any field. It should be particularly useful for people seeking information and knowledge about migration from fields other than their own.

FinTech transformations have brought changes to the global financial markets and merit the attention of financial regulators across jurisdictions.This book is one of the first ones of its kind to look at open banking (OB). It examines regulatory approaches to OB by taking a broad view of comparative legal systems and through perspectives of transaction costs, public choice, and institutional design.The book looks at the legal implications by engaging in a two-tiered comparative analysis: comparing between compulsory and voluntary approaches to OB policies and comparing the legal systems between the West (i.e., the EU and the UK) and an Asian economy (i.e., Taiwan).

Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Book Preview: #1 After graduating from college or military training, you have no idea what you want to do with your life. You're excited to start your career, but you have no idea where to start. We're going to help you figure out the first step in your career journey. #2 The modern approach to career planning is to consider your career in six to eight modules of five years each. These modules could potentially be at five or six different companies. For example, you may choose to do two five-year modules with Company A in one type of role, leave to complete your third module at Company B, and then return to Company A in a more senior role. #3 There is no need to rush into choosing a career. It is common to begin your career search after college, and even more common to want to make a change in your career several years down the road. #4 The first step in figuring out what you want to do with your life is to identify the content of your career. This involves thinking about what you like to do in life, and writing down those things on a sheet of paper. Then, figure out what skills you need to have to be eligible for those positions.

Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Book Preview: #1 Abe was a student who was having a difficult time in school and in his life. He was having tests coming up and a big paper due, and his parents were fighting a lot. He spent a lot of time on social media and watching videos, but that didn't help. #2 The most powerful lesson you will ever learn is that life is like a pot of very hot water. You will find yourself in environments and facing conditions that test who you truly are, and can change, weaken, or harden you if you let them. #3 Abe's attitude changed, and his state of mind was elevated. He was no longer stressed about his paper or school, and he had transformed the culture of his school with his coffee bean club. #4 The Academy created a curriculum and a schedule designed to cause the cadets to fail. The cadets couldn't humanly do all that they had to do, so they would fail at something. The Academy found that through failure, most cadets would become stronger, wiser, and better.

This book exposes, for the first time in modern scholarship, the role that the rise of the Carry Trade played in British financial crises between 1825 and 1866, how in reaction the Bank of England improved its management of monetary policy after 1866 and how those lessons have been forgotten since the 1970s. Britain is one of the few major capitalist economies in the world to have avoided policy-induced systemic financial crises for more than 100 years of its history—between 1866 and 1973. Beforehand, it suffered a series of serious banking panics, in 1825, 1837, 1847, 1857-58 and 1866. Since the 1970s banking instability has returned again, with the global financial crisis of 2007-09 hitting Britain hard. Economists and policymakers have asked what can be learnt from Britain's experience of the disappearance and reappearance of crises to help efforts to prevent future ones. This book answers that question with a major reassessment of Britain's financial history over the past two centuries. It does so by applying the long-neglected ideas of the British Banking School to explain how crises can occur because of the Carry Trade. This book is essential reading for economists and historians of modern Britain, practitioners and policymakers, as well as anyone who is affected by financial crises and their consequences.

Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Book Preview: #1 The voice that wants you to stay in your comfort zone is a useful tool to keep you out of trouble and stop you from doing stupid things. It can also hold you back from achieving success. I decided I wasn't going to listen to it this time. #2 The strategies in these books, which involve saving money and investing it, will not make you rich. These books are for middle-class and poor people who want to live with less so that, one day, just before they die, they can say that they are wealthy on paper, even though they never got to enjoy their wealth. #3 The purpose of this book is to change your perspective on money. You'll learn how blind adherence to certain misconceptions prevents most people from getting ahead. By reading this book, you'll get a clearer picture of how money works and realize the way you've been taught to think about money is all wrong. #4 Not everyone who is wealthy had advantages that you'll never have. It's easy to assume that everyone who's made a lot of money had advantages that you'll never have. But you should listen to someone like me, who didn't have any of those advantages.