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Prominent economists including Nassau Senior, Eugene von Bӧhm-Bawerk, Gustav Cassel, Irving Fisher, Walter Eucken, and Robert Dorfman have recognized or toyed with the idea of waiting as a factor of production, but this concept has not yet been explored in its entirety until now. In this book, Leland B. Yeager and Steve H. Hanke dive into the economic theory behind waiting and contextualize its relevance to modern-day monetary policy. Capital, Interest, and Waiting challenges economists to reconsider capital theory. The arguments presented within the book embrace extant literature on capital theory, including the numerous controversies, puzzles, and debates crowding the subject. These debates range from the Cambridge controversies triggered by Joan Robinson's work to the famous “reswitching” problem to a broader array of important problems in capital theory that were laid out by Walter Eucken, among others. Leland B. Yeager and Steve H. Hanke present, discuss, and resolve these many complexities of capital theory. Chapters break new ground again and again by demonstrating how waiting is a factor of production and interest is its price. Those who read this book will challenge long-held beliefs relevant to monetary economics and reconsider their approach to capital theory.

Economic capital is the subject of great debate among academics and professionals in the field of risk management. Conceptually, Islamic finance's encouragement of risk-sharing eliminates the debt burden encountered by the conventional banking sector. The majority of the Islamic banking system is based on equity-based financing. To be effective in practice, a variety of well-functioning institutions are required to translate Islamic banking concepts into a'real-world'financial system. In spite of this, the regulatory, legal, product and operational requirements specific to Islamic banks may necessitate a distinct strategy for managing capital-related risks. This book provides a comprehensive review of the theoretical and practical aspects of Islamic economic capital in relation to contemporary Islamic finance.Drawing on the risk-sharing concept, this book delves into the core concept of economic capital from an Islamic perspective, including comparisons to conventional finance theory. Furthermore, it introduces alternative models and offers practical examples to strengthen the regulation and supervision of the Islamic banking system. It also addresses critical policy challenges concerning economic capital in Islamic finance, especially in dual banking countries. This book seamlessly integrates new theory with empirical insights and discusses emerging themes, including stress testing and Shari'ah compliance issues. Most of the chapters are illustrated with real-world cases and practical examples.This book is intended for advanced degree students in finance, and investment professionals, as well as financial practitioners and advisors, particularly those who are pursuing Islamic economics and finance courses.

This textbook is intended to fill a gap in undergraduate finance curriculums by providing an asset pricing text that is accessible for undergraduate finance students. It offers an overview of original works on foundational asset pricing studies that follows their historical publication chronologically throughout the text. Each chapter stays close to the original works of these major authors, including quotations, examples, graphical exhibits, and empirical results. Additionally, it includes statistical concepts and methods as applied to finance. These statistical materials are crucial to learning asset pricing, which often applies statistical tests to evaluate different asset pricing models. It offers practical examples, questions, and problems to help students check their learning and better understand the fundamentals of asset pricing., alongside including PowerPoint slides and an instructor's manual for professors.

The book introduces and discusses the modern theory of the cost of capital and capital structure - the BFO theory (Brusov-Filatova-Orekhova theory), which is valid for companies of arbitrary age and which replaced the theory of Nobel laureates Modigliani and Miller. The theory takes into account the conditions faced by companies operating in the real economy, such as revenue fluctuations; the arbitrary frequency of tax on profit payments (monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual payments), both for advance income tax payments and for payments at the end of the respective period; and the arbitrary frequency of interest on loans payments. The impact of these conditions on the company value, on the cost of raising capital, on the company's dividend policy and managerial decisions are discussed. The book subsequently develops new applications of the BFO theory in several areas such as corporate finance, corporate governance, investments, taxation, business valuations and ratings.

This book applies finance to the field of capital theory. While financial economics is a well-established field of study, the specific application of finance to capital theory remains unexplored. It is the first book to comprehensively study this financial application, which also includes modern financial tools such as Economic Value Added (EVA®). A financial application to the problem of the average period of production includes two discussions that unfold naturally from this application. The first one relates to the dual meaning of capital, one as a monetary fund and the other one as physical (capital) goods. The second concerns its implications for business-cycle theories. This second topic (1) provides a solid financial microeconomic foundation for business cycles and, also (2) makes it easy to compare different business-cycle theories across the average period of production dimension. By clarifying the obscure concept of average period of production, the authors make it easier to analyze the similarities with and differences from other business-cycle theories. By connecting finance with capital theory, they provide a new point of view and analysis of the long-standing problems in capital theory as well as other related topics such as the use of neoclassical production functions and theorizing about business cycles. Finally, they emphasize that the relevance of their application rests on both its policy implications and its contributions to contemporary economic theory.

Capital structure choice is essential for an institution to maximize its value. Because the institution's decision maker decides how to finance projects before making investment decisions, its financial decisions ultimately affect every aspect of operations thereafter. This book discusses several key theories of corporate capital structure to answer how funding structure shapes an institution's value. In this book, the author emphasizes the microeconomic foundations of capital structure theory. He shows how various microeconomic frameworks, such as price and game theories, principal–agent model, and mechanism design, can be applied to solve the optimal capital structure of a firm. By getting used to optimizing corporate capital structures subject to various constraints via microeconomic frameworks, readers will become capable of investigating how to finance projects in their own setups. Thus, this book not only informs readers of specific knowledge but also provides them with tools to solve new problems that they will face in their future.This book will be a valuable resource for students of corporate finance at the postgraduate or doctoral level and will serve as the material for professional training aimed at practitioners and regulators with technical expertise.

Economic cycles are driven by financial flows, namely quantities of savings and credits, and not by high street inflation or interest rates. Their sweeping destructive powers are expressed through Global Liquidity, a $130 trillion pool of footloose cash. Global Liquidity describes the gross flows of credit and international capital feeding through the world's banking systems and wholesale money markets. The huge jump in the volume of international financial markets since the mid-1980s has been boosted by deregulation, innovation and easy money, with financial globalisation now surpassing the peaks of integration reached before the First World War. Global Liquidity drives these markets: it is often determinant, frequently disruptive and always fast-moving. Barely one fifth of Wall Street's huge gains over recent decades have come from earnings: rising liquidity and investors'appetite for riskier financial assets have propelled stock prices higher. Similar experiences are shared worldwide and even in emerging markets, such as India, flat earnings have not deterred waves of foreign money and domestic mutual funds from driving-up stock prices. Now with central banks actively pursuing quantitative easing policies, industrial corporations flush with cash and rising wealth levels among emerging market investors, the liquidity theory of investment has never been more important.International spill-overs of these rapacious cross-border flows sets off capital wars and exposes the unattractive face of liquidity called ‘risk.'As the world grows bigger, it becomes ever more volatile. From the early 1960s onwards, the world economy and its financial markets have suffered from three broad types of shocks – labour costs, oil and commodities, and global liquidity. Financial markets spin on fragile axes and the absence of liquidity often provides a warning of upcoming troubles. Global Liquidity is a much-discussed, but narrowly-researchedand vaguely-defined topic. This book deeply explores the subject by clearly defining and measuring liquidity worldwide and by showing its importance for investors. The roles of central banks, shadow banking, the rise of Repo and growth of wholesale money are discussed. Additionally, covering the latest developments in China's increasingly dominant financial economy, this book will appeal to practitioners, policy-makers, economists and academics, as well as those with a general interest in how financial markets work.

This Palgrave Pivot uses Marxian economic categories and analysis to explore the deeper causes of the 2008 global economic crisis, what the crisis represents for capitalism, and why fiscal and monetary policies pursued in its wake have failed to rejuvenate economies.With an innovative interpretation of the crisis and a focus on'toxic capital'– a sub-division of Karl Marx's concept of fictitious capital – Tombazos examines the specificities of economic reproduction under neoliberalism and financialisation.

This book examines how contemporary financial economy evolved as the predominant economic system, and why unabated accumulation of financial capital takes place in such systems. It reviews the mechanics of accumulation of wealth by tracing the historical roots of financial capital. Traversing the evolutions of capitalist systems since the 1850s till recent times, Financial Economy provides a lucid and logical explanation of the phenomenon. It uses a new methodology based on economic circuit of stocks and flows following the early ideas of the French economists of the 18th century and the contemporary Circuit school. It provides an alternative framework for studying economic systems design, keeping aside the orthodox neoclassical analysis of equilibrium market exchange. Further, it highlights the global financial circuit, the state of the current digitalised economy with electronic money transfers, consumer's decision-making and expected future earnings, and questions the relevance of some fundamental concepts of economics as well as economic policies. Using a notion of sequential economy, it also shows how present economic activities are treading upon the future. This book will interest students and researchers of advanced macroeconomics, political economy, heterodox economics, economic history, and evolutionary economics. The historical account of the evolutions of capital, interest, and corporate structures will also be of interest to general readers.

In presenting Hermeneutics of Capital, the author fears that most modern economists are not prepared or even interested in the approach that has been taken in this book. Today, economists are more likely to search for “exact” theories functional relationships between often logically independent variables rather than to question the nature of their science and its main task. This book argues that “economics is about human nature, human conduct and human institutions”, or what Mises called human action. The present book, however, is not an epistemological one. It is about capital theory. The attempt of Hermeneutics of Capital is to reconcile man and capital, which are often presented as competing elements in a conflictual world. What the author tries to do is even more than looking for a simple reconciliation; following Ludwig Lachmann's application of hermeneutics to economics, the author tries to define capital as the outcome of subjective mental processes, determined by individual intentions and expectations and not by specific physical or economic features. The author defines the theory as post-Austrian. In fact, the author's attempt is to further develop the Austrian School of Economics teaching, trying to contribute in enhancing concepts and theories which are believed to be necessarily reshaped. The author connected his capital theory with a consistent entrepreneurship theory, which goes beyond the usual contraposition between Kirzner's and Schumpeter's entrepreneurial theories and builds a synthesis centred on the idea of entrepreneurship as a subset of Misesian action involving specific capital formation processes. Moreover, the author took into account the traditional version of the Austrian Business Cycle Theory and critically revised it, arguing that crises are not simply the consequences of monetary manipulations, but they are the natural consequence of every expansionary wave. Shackle reminded us that a “good economist is like a bottle of wine. He must begin by having the luck to be laid down, as it were, in a vintage year, when he himself and his class companions are the high-quality stuff in which ideas and theories ferment and discourse sparkles in a glow of golden light. But this is not enough. He must mature”. This book helps guide readers to understand reality.

The current crisis is the expression of the struggle of a dominant ‘fictitious capital'over real capital to redistribute the global mass of wealth. It is translated into an expansion of assets in financial markets sustained by an inverted pyramid of credits without being backed by a major growth of the real economy, which is increasingly global in scope. The conversion of fictitious capital into real capital is a geopolitical item to understand acquisitions of land in the South to produce agro-fuels, for example. Conversion from fictitious to real capital also happens, the other way round, when military expenditures are financed by more public debt, as is the case for the US today. Financial capital engages in a warlike strategy to establish a global order under its hegemony, without borders and citizens. Employment, social-economic security and political stability will be a worldwide problem. The greatest fear of the capital is that the Eurozone will become a part of the Euro-Asian Continental Bloc. This definitely means a possible military conflict of the US with Russia and China. This crisis is one of the Western ‘civilization'itself.

Capital, Accumulation, and Money: An Integration of Capital, Growth, and Monetary Theory is a book about capital. A root concept of capital is developed which allows for most existing concepts of capital to be unified and related to one another in consistent fashion. Such a root concept of capital offers a framework for integrating monetary and capital theory, and for analyzing the functioning of an economy, whether that economy is in a steady state of subsistence or in a process of sustainable growth. Specifically, it is shown that a conservation principle emerges that both implies and imposes a variety of constraints on the macro behavior of an economy, constraints which make for straightforward understanding and analysis of such concepts as the real stock of money, real-balance effects, and the general price level. New and illuminating insights are also provided into aggregate supply and demand, natural and money rates of interest, the relationship between real and monetary economies, and economic growth and development.

Most countries emerged from the Second World War with capital accounts that were closed to the rest of the world. Since then, a process of capital account opening has occurred, with the result that all developed and many emerging-market countries now have capital accounts that are both de facto and de jure open, while many developing countries also have de facto openness. This study examines this in part by considering some of the first lessons from the current global financial crisis. This crisis may change the terms of the debate on capital account liberalization in a deeper and more lasting way than any of the crises of the past two decades because it may mark a reversal in the secular trend of financial liberalization at the core of the international financial system. The current crisis also raises new questions about the appropriate policy responses to boom-bust dynamics in domestic credit and in international credit flows. Intellectual consistency is needed between the domestic and international dimensions of financial regulation and the policies aimed at dealing with boom-bust dynamics in domestic and international credit.

Capital, Accumulation, and Money: An Integration of Capital, Growth, and Monetary Theory is a book about capital and money. A root concept of capital is formulated that allows for most existing concepts of capital to be unified and related to one another in consistent fashion. Capital and monetary theory are integrated in a non-mathematical framework that imposes a number of constraints on the macro behavior of an economy, constraints which make for the straightforward understanding of such concepts as the real stock of money, real-balance effects, and the general price level. New and illuminating insights are also provided into aggregate supply and demand, natural and money rates of interest, the relationship between real and monetary economies, and economic growth and development. This fully expanded, revised, and updated edition features important new material on a variety of timely topics, including: • Factors leading to the financial meltdown and turmoil of 2007-09; • Why bubbles form in asset markets and how these impact on the real economy; • The importance of a lender-of-last-resort in times of financial stress; • Future financing and funding of the U. S. Social Security System. Additionally, the author offers a number of ideas for alleviating the severity, if not the avoidance altogether, of financial crises in the future. This is a book for those -- students (both graduate and undergraduate) and their teachers, investors, and the informed public -- who want an understanding of how economies and financial markets function, without an advanced degree in mathematics.

Physical asset management is the management of fixed or non-current assets such as equipment and plant. Physical Asset Management presents a systematic approach to the management of these assets from concept to disposal. The general principles of physical asset management are discussed in a manner which makes them accessible to a wide audience, and covers all stages of the asset management process, including: initial business appraisal; identification of fixed asset needs; financial evaluation; logistic support analysis; life cycle costing; maintenance strategy; outsourcing; cost-benefit analysis; disposal; and renewal. Physical Asset Management addresses the needs of existing and potential asset managers, and provides an introduction to asset management for professionals in related disciplines, such as finance. The book provides both an introduction and a convenient reference work, covering all the main areas of physical asset management.

In The Death of Capital, respected portfolio manager and longtime investment professional Michael Lewitt looks at how the U.S. economy has increasingly been dominated by short-term speculation rather than industrial expansion in recent years. These disastrous trends, described here as financialization, ignore the fact that capital itself is a highly unstable process rather than a fixed object or category. As a result of our failure to understand the true nature of capital, we have developed a financial and regulatory system that does exactly the opposite of what it should be doing—favoring obscurity over transparency and fomenting instability rather than growth. In explaining where we have gone wrong Lewitt pulls few punches in criticizing some of the counterproductive forces that have led to the death of capital—including Wall Street practices such as private equity and derivatives trading—which he views both as economically unproductive and morally misguided. Page by informative page, this timely guide: Addresses'financialization'and its consequences, such as a weaker U.S. dollar, the destruction of American industries, and the loss of American economic and political influence Explores the most important aspects of capital and capitalism through the prism of four of the world's great economic thinkers Discusses how the legal system aided economic weakening by privileging short-term investment goals Calls for politically controversial reforms such as stricter regulation of hedge funds and private equity firms, banning naked credit default swaps and Structured Investment Vehicles, and principles-based reforms to improve systemic stability Financial reform is needed to make sure capital does not die again. Filled with in-depth insights and practical advice, The Death of Capital is not just a play-by-play of the recent financial crisis, but an original and passionate analysis of the trends that led to it and what can be done in a regulatory sense to address the problems.

This chapter from The Death of Capital is a call for change that discusses projects and initiatives to rejuvenate the economy and provide a basis for sustained growth. We have developed a regulatory system that does exactly the opposite of what it should be doing-favors speculation over production; obscurity over transparency. This chapter addreses hot-button topics including: How to Improve Capital Adequacy Executive Compensation Reform Modern Monetary Policy and Regulation Enhancing Financial Transparency Solutions for Credit Default Swaps, Derivative, and Structured Investment Vehicles

In einer Zeit, in der der Kapital- und Kreditmarkt mit bedeutenden Schwierigkeiten, wie etwa der Subprimekrise, zu kämpfen hat, ist es wichtig und interessant, sich mit den theoretischen Fundamenten von Börsenkredit, Industriekredit und Kapitalbildung zu beschäftigen. In diesem von Fritz Machlup 1931 geschriebenen Buch wird ausführlich auf den damaligen Stand der Wissenschaft von Kapitalmarkt, Geldbedarf und Konjunktur eingegangen. Dreißig „unpopuläre Schlussfolgerungen'für die Wirtschaftspolitik schließen dieses immer noch interessante Buch ab.

Increased globalization and economic integration among economies of the world has brought increased attention of investors and academic scholars to the issue of interrelationships among capital markets around the world. Particularly, the interest has been heightened by increased flows of capital across countries which, in turn, are primarily explained by market deregulation measures, technological improvements, and innovations of different financial products. The increasingly closer relationship among international financial markets and the increasing international portfolio investment have im.

Essential guidance for the corporate finance professional — advisor, Board Director, CFO, Treasurer, business development executive, or M&A expert—to ask the right questions and make the critical decisions. Strategic Corporate Finance is a practical guide to the key issues, their context, and their solutions. From performance measurement and capital planning to risk management and capital structure, Strategic Corporate Finance, translates principles of corporate finance theory into practical methods for implementing them. Filled with in-depth insights, expert advice, and detailed case studies, Strategic Corporate Finance will prepare you for the issues involved in raising, allocating and managing capital, and its associated risks. Justin Pettit (New York, NY) draws on his 15 years of senior advisory experience as an investment banker and management consultant. He advises corporate boards and executives on matters of capital structure, financial policy, valuation, and strategy. He also lectures on topics in advanced corporate finance to graduate and undergraduate students at universities in the New York area.

Title from PDF cover (viewed on Dec. 5, 2007).

Die Regulierung von Kapitalmarktspekulation steht seit Jahren im Mittelpunkt rechtspolitischer Debatten. Kernproblem ist die Frage, wie man volkswirtschaftlich erwünschte (»gute«) Spekulation abgrenzen kann von exzessiver, die Funktionsfähigkeit der Märkte beeinträchtigender und Spekulanten in den Ruin treibender (»schlechter«) Spekulation. Lars Klöhn versucht in der vorliegenden Publikation diese Aufgabe auf drei Wegen zu lösen: durch eine finanztheoretische Untersuchung der ökonomischen Grundlagen von Kapitalmarktspekulation, eine kognitions- und sozialpsychologische Analyse des Denkens und Verhaltens von Kapitalmarktteilnehmern sowie – hierauf aufbauend – die rechtspolitische, dogmatische und vergleichende Studie desjenigen Teilbereichs des Kapitalmarktrechts, der für Spekulanten am relevantesten ist: das Recht der Emissionsprospekte und Ad-hoc-Mitteilungen. Rechtsmethodisch steht hierbei die Frage im Mittelpunkt, inwieweit unter Marktteilnehmern systematisch auftretende Urteilsfehler bei der Auslegung, Fortbildung und rechtspolitischen Gestaltung der Rechtsordnung berücksichtigt werden dürfen und sollten (Behavioral Law & Economics). Der Autor erprobt und veranschaulicht dies an klassischen Fragen des Kapitalmarktrechts: Auf welchen Anlegertyp sollten Kapitalmarktinformationen zugeschnitten sein? Auf welche Art und Weise sollten Ad-hoc-Mitteilungen veröffentlicht werden? Inwieweit sollten Marktteilnehmer mit zukunftsbezogener Information über Emittenten versorgt werden? Sollten Emittenten verpflichtet werden, am Kapitalmarkt kursierende Gerüchte zu kommentieren?

Should all young adults receive a capital grant? Should all individuals be given a lifetime regular income? Would either form of payment be just or unjust? These questions figure prominently in recent social philosophy and policy discussions on'stakeholding'and'basic income'. Both types of proposal have a long, but largely unknown history. This anthology contains a wide variety of historical contributions, some of which are presented in English for the first time, highlighting striking parallels between past and present debates.

Beginning with a simple model of the debt/equity impact upon firm value and progressively adding complexity to this model, this book seeks to answer the question, What is the frontier of knowledge with respect to debt/equity alternatives, and could a major paradigm shift affect debt/equity choices?With a view toward providing the reader with a framework for examining debt/equity decisions, this book begins with a simple model of the debt/equity impact upon firm value. Utilizing the paradigm development of capital structure theory to identify the current research frontier of the factors affecting the firm debt/equity position, the authors also extrapolate from the current frontier to outline future opportunities for research and improvements in capital structure analysis. Each chapter begins with a discussion of a central tenet, moves on to a discussion of the theoretical research and empirical evidence pertaining to the tenet, and concludes with a summary of the implications of the paradigm shift for current and future research and practice.A chapter at the end of the book provides an analysis of some unanswered questions in the current frontier of knowledge that may be exploited for further research. One is the strength of signaling of capital structure changes on firm value. A second is a lack of specification for the set of capital structure simultaneous equations. A third emerging issue is the definition of the capital structure within behavioral finance thinking.