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'Incisive debut treatise... Mohsin brings to the proceedings a reporter's eye for story'— Publisher's WeeklyFrom Bloomberg News reporter Saleha Mohsin, the untold story of how one of America's most invincible institutions—the Treasury—has used the U.S. dollar to define America's role in the world, and our economic future.In 1995, Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin re-defined the next thirty years of currency policy with the mantra, “A strong dollar is in America's interest.” That mantra held, ushering in exceptional prosperity and cheap foreign goods, but the strong dollar policy also played a role in the devastating hollowing out of America's manufacturing sector. Meanwhile, abroad, the United States increasingly turned to the dollar as a weapon of war. In Paper Soldiers, Saleha Mohsin reveals how the Treasury Department has shaped U.S. policy at home and overseas by wielding the American dollar as a weapon—and what that means in a new age of crisis.For decades, America has preferred its currency superpower-strong, the basis of a'strong dollar'policy that attracted foreign investors and pleased consumers. Drawing on Mohsin's unparalleled access to current and former Treasury officials like Robert Rubin, Steven Mnuchin, and Janet Yellen, Paper Soldiers traces that policy's intended and unintended consequences, including the rise of populist sentiment and trade war with China—culminating in an unprecedented attack on the dollar's pristine status during the Trump presidency—and connects the dollar's weaponization from 9/11 to the deployment of crippling financial sanctions against Russia. Ultimately, Mohsin argues that, untethered from many of the economic assumptions of the last generation, the power and influence of the American dollar is now at stake.With first-hand reporting and fresh analysis that illustrates the vast, often unappreciated power that the Treasury Department wields at home and abroad, Paper Soldiers tells the inside story of how we really got here—and the future not only of the almighty dollar, but the nation's teetering role as a democratic superpower.

Emerging relatively unscathed from the banking crisis of 2008, China has been viewed as a model of both rampant success and fiscal stability. But beneath the surface lies a network of fissures that look likely to erupt into the next big financial crash. A bloated real-estate sector, roller-coaster stock market, and rapidly growing shadow-banking sector have all coalesced to create a perfect storm: one that is in danger of taking the rest of the world's economy with it.Walden Bello traces our recent history of financial crises – from the bursting of Japan's'bubble economy'in 1990 to Wall Street in 2008 – taking in their political and human ramifications such as rising inequality and environmental degradation. He not only predicts that China might be the site of the next crash, but that under neoliberalism this will simply keep happening. The only way that we can stop this cycle, Bello argues, is through a fundamental change in the ways that we organise: a shift to cooperative enterprise, respectful of the environment, and which fractures the twin legacies of imperialism and capitalism.Insightful, erudite and passionate, Paper Dragons is a must-read for anyone wishing to prevent the next financial meltdown.

Paper and the British Empire examines the evolution of the paper industry within British organisational frameworks and highlights the role of the Empire as a market and business-making area in a world of shrinking commerce and rising trade barriers.Drawing on a valuable range of primary sources, this book covers the period 1861–1960 and examines events from the establishment of free trade backed by the gold standard to Britain's membership of the European Free Trade Association. In the field of the paper industry, the speed and intensity of the industrialisation process around the globe have been shaped by a wide variety of variables, including the surrounding institutional framework; entrepreneurial and organisational strategies; the cost and accessibility of transport; and the availability of capital, knowledge, energy resources, and technology. The supply of papermaking raw materials has also been key and has historically been the most important determinant for geographical location and dominance. The research in this work focuses on the roles played by such variants, on the one hand, and demand characteristics on the other. In particular, it considers developments connected to a quest for Empire-grown raw materials in order to tackle the problem of the lack of indigenous raw materials and the resulting dependence on Scandinavian wood pulp imports.This text is of considerable interest to advanced students and researchers in economic history, business history, and the paper industry, and will also be useful to organisations working within the pulp and paper industries.

Explore the inevitable collapse of the fiat monetary system Paper Money Collapse: The Folly of Elastic Money, Second Edition challenges the mainstream consensus on money and monetary policy. While it is today generally believed that the transition from'hard'and inflexible commodity money (such as a gold standard) to entirely flexible and potentially unlimited fiat money under national central banks allows for superior economic stability, Paper Money Collapse shows that the opposite is true. Systems of highly elastic and constantly expanding money are not only unnecessary, even for growing economies, they are always extremely destabilizing. Over time, they must lead to substantial imbalances, including excessive levels of debt and distorted asset prices, that will require ever faster money production to sustain. Ultimately, however, there is no alternative to a complete liquidation of these distortions. Based on insights of many renowned economists and in particular of the Austrian School of Economics, the book explains through rigorous logic and in precise language why our system of flexible fiat money is incompatible with a market economy and therefore unsustainable. Paper money systems have always led to economic disintegration—without exception—throughout history. It will not be different for our system and we may be closer to the endgame than many think. The updated second edition incorporates: A new introduction and an extended outlook section that discusses various'endgames'Responses to criticisms, alternative views, and a critical assessment of'solutions'Comments on recent policy trends, including attempts to exit the'easy money'policy mode An evaluation of new crypto-currency Bitcoin Paper Money Collapse: The Folly of Elastic Money, Second Edition clarifies the problem of paper money clearly and eloquently, and proposes multiple routes to a solution.

Papers in Economics and Sociology is a compilation of materials authored by the Polish economist Oskar Lange. The coverage of the essays covers the interrelations between economic and social issues. The text first covers the Marxist and socialist theory, and then proceeds to tackling political economy and socialism. Next, the selection deals with economic theory, along with the mathematical models, econometrics, and statistics utilized in economic analysis. The text also covers the economic science in the service of practice. The book will be of great use to political scientists, sociologists, behavioral scientists, and economists.

First Published in 1970. This is the second edition reprint of the Bullion Report of 1810, published in 1925 with an introduction that outlines why it is a useful document as reference to the similarities of the consequences that the United Kingdom found itself in after 1919 in regards to the printing of the currency note and the Cunliffe limitation.

The Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (BPEA) is a semi-annual academic conference and journal that pairs rigorous research with real-time policy analysis to address the most urgent economic challenges of the day. Working drafts of the papers are presented at the conference typically held twice each year. The final papers and discussant remarks from each conference are subsequently published in the journal several months later.

This book, first edited with an introduction by F. A. v. Hayek in 1939, explores some of the popular errors which related to the suspension of the cash payments of the Bank of England, and to the influence of our paper currency on the price of provisions. The introduction provides an interesting overview of the life, thoughts, and achievements of Henry Thornton. An Enquiry into the Nature and Effects of the Paper Credit of Great Britain will be of interest to students of the history of economic thought.

This volume, originally published in 1958, contains a selection of the most important and interesting articles by Knut Wicksell, which had hitherto only been published in Swedish. They cover Wicksell's views on Economics and monetary theory, his theory of production and distribution, some review articles on the works of Pareto, Böhm-Bawerk, Carl Menger and Bowley and some papers on foreign trade problems, written after the First World War. Erik Lindahl's introductory essay gives a picture of Wicksell the social reformer, who radical opinions often brought him into conflict with the authorities and the general public.

The volume is divided into three parts:A: Economic Growth and Related Problems (covering international trade and economic integration, including a comparative study between Europe and America)B: Theoretical Welfare Economics (welfare propositions in economics, profit maximization and its implications and the Theory of Tariffs)C: Practical Welfare Economics (the price of economic progress, equity and international payments).

First Published in 2004. This is the second of three volumes of an edition of Professor Meade's papers. As with the first volume (The Collected Papers of James Meade, Vol. I: Employment and Inflation, 1988), it includes both previously published papers and hitherto unpublished memoranda written during Meade's period of government service, 1940-7, in the Economic Section of the Cabinet Offices, of which he was Director 1946-7.

This volume consists of lectures and articles by Maurice Dobb selected from among those delivered or written by him during the 1950s and 60s. It includes three lectures delivered at the University of Bologna on ‘Some Problems in the History of Capitalism', two lectures on economic development given at the Delhi School of Economics, articles on the theory of development, and a number of articles on various questions of soviet economic planning contributed to specialist journals. The collection ends with a note in retrospect on Marx's Das Kapital published in recognition of the centenary of the appearance of Volume One of that work in 1867.

Title from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 10, 2010).

First Published in 2004. This is Volume I of four on the collected papers of James Meade and looks at Employment and Inflation. James Meade was Professor of Commerce London School of Economics from February 1948.

First Published in 2004. This is Volume III of four on the collected papers of James Meade and looks at International Economics. James Meade was Professor of Commerce London School of Economics from February 1948.

Articles and essays by the late Nobel Prize-winning economist on the life-cycle hypothesis, unemployment and monetary policy in the European Union, and other topics.This volume of papers, articles, and essays by the late Nobel Prize-winning economist Franco Modigliani contains writings published during the last decade of his life as well as three seminal earlier papers on the life-cycle hypothesis. As in the previous Collected Papers, the writings are organized by topic; within each topic, the order is chronological. Part I treats the life-cycle hypothesis. Beginning with his important essay from 1954 (written with Richard Brumberg), which laid down the foundation of the life-cycle model, and ending with the last paper Modigliani completed before his death in September 2003, this section presents his research on this topic as a coherent whole. Part II deals with unemployment and monetary policy in the European Union during the last decade of the twentieth century and includes a manifesto on EU unemployment written with six other economists. Part III contains essays on a variety of topics, among them inflation, financial risk, legal institutions, and unemployment. This section includes'The Keynesian Gospel According to Modigliani,'which revisits the topic of the general theory of employment, interest, and money and its implications for mass unemployment sixty years after his first ground-breaking paper on the topic. Many of the articles in volume 6 are the product of collaboration; coauthors include Richard Brumberg, Albert Ando, Shi Larry Cao, Jean Paul Fitoussi, Tullio Jappelli, Beniamino Moro, Denis Snower, Robert Solow, Alfred Steinherr, Paolo Sylos Labinia, and Modigliani's granddaughter Leah Modigliani. The volume concludes with an interview of Modigliani by William A. Barnett and Robert Solow from 2000.

First Published in 2004. This fourth volume of The Collected Papers of James Meade is different in form and content from the previous three volumes. It consists of a single previously unpublished work, the diary of Meade's life in the Economic Section of the Cabinet Office which he kept for nearly two years. This covers the time where he was appointed to succeed Lionel Robbins as Director of the Section at the end of the Second World War until September 1946. This period encompasses the last few months of the war in Europe and the first year of peace and of a majority Labour government under Prime Minister Clement Attlee.

This important collection is a timely contribution to the debate on the Asian financial crisis. With chapters written by well-established international experts in Asian economics, this book constitutes a finely judged example of the varying opinions on the matter.

This paper explores the empirical association between patents and various indicators of firm resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic with worldwide firm-level data from manufacturing industries. The study shows that patent-intensive firms have a reduced probability of exit, in particular if they are larger and if engaging with complementary investments in R&D and other intangibles. Additional estimates show that firm productivity has been an important transmission channel. Taken together, the results presented in the paper offer evidence-based findings pointing to patents as an important potential factor contributing to firm resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Policy insights are discussed.

Why the global recession is in danger of becoming another Great Depression, and how we can stop it When the United States stopped backing dollars with gold in 1968, the nature of money changed. All previous constraints on money and credit creation were removed and a new economic paradigm took shape. Economic growth ceased to be driven by capital accumulation and investment as it had been since before the Industrial Revolution. Instead, credit creation and consumption began to drive the economic dynamic. In The New Depression: The Breakdown of the Paper Money Economy, Richard Duncan introduces an analytical framework, The Quantity Theory of Credit, that explains all aspects of the calamity now unfolding: its causes, the rationale for the government's policy response to the crisis, what is likely to happen next, and how those developments will affect asset prices and investment portfolios. In his previous book, The Dollar Crisis (2003), Duncan explained why a severe global economic crisis was inevitable given the flaws in the post-Bretton Woods international monetary system, and now he's back to explain what's next. The economic system that emerged following the abandonment of sound money requires credit growth to survive. Yet the private sector can bear no additional debt and the government's creditworthiness is deteriorating rapidly. Should total credit begin to contract significantly, this New Depression will become a New Great Depression, with disastrous economic and geopolitical consequences. That outcome is not inevitable, and this book describes what must be done to prevent it. Presents a fascinating look inside the financial crisis and how the New Depression is poised to become a New Great Depression Introduces a new theoretical construct, The Quantity Theory of Credit, that is the key to understanding not only the developments that led to the crisis, but also to understanding how events will play out in the years ahead Offers unique insights from the man who predicted the global economic breakdown Alarming but essential reading, The New Depression explains why the global economy is teetering on the brink of falling into a deep and protracted depression, and how we can restore stability.

Applying experimental methods has become one of the most powerful and versatile ways to obtain economic insights, and experimental economics has especially supported the development of behavioral economics. The Art of Experimental Economics identifies and reviews 20 of the most important papers to have been published in experimental economics in order to highlight the power and methods of this area, and provides many examples of findings in behavioral economics that have extended knowledge in the economics discipline as a whole.Chosen through a combination of citations, recommendations by scholars in the field, and voting by members of leading societies, the 20 papers under review – some by Nobel prize-winning economists – run the full gamut of experimental economics from theoretical expositions to applications demonstrating experimental economics in action. Also written by a leading experimental economist, each chapter provides a brief summary of the paper, makes the case for why that paper is one of the top 20 in the field, discusses the use made of the experimental method, and considers related work to provide context for each paper. These reviews quickly expose readers to the breadth of application possibilities and the methodological issues, leaving them with a firm understanding of the legacy of the papers'contributions.This text provides a survey of some of the very best research in experimental and behavioral economics and is a valuable resource for scholars and economics instructors, students seeking to develop capability in applying experimental methods, and economics researchers who wish to further explore the experimental approach.

Situates changes in the nature of money and the rise of sophisticated financial structures at the centre of the Enlightenment. This work argues that paper credit instruments were causal - critical to the larger epistemological and psychological changes associated with the Enlightenment's reconstruction of value.

The Bellagio Group was founded at a time of global economic crisis. This collection brings together the private correspondence and published papers of the Group's founders, creating a picture of the personalities, issues, debates and compromises leading to the adoption of flexible exchange rates and a modified Triffin plan.

The Bellagio Group was founded at a time of global economic crisis. This collection brings together the private correspondence and published papers of the Group's founders, creating a picture of the personalities, issues, debates and compromises leading to the adoption of flexible exchange rates and a modified Triffin plan.

The Bellagio Group was founded at a time of global economic crisis. This collection brings together the private correspondence and published papers of the Group's founders, creating a picture of the personalities, issues, debates and compromises leading to the adoption of flexible exchange rates and a modified Triffin plan.

The 2015 volume of Contemporary Issues in International Arbitration and Mediation: The Fordham Papers is a collection of important works in the field written by the speakers at the 2015 Fordham Law School Conference on International Arbitration and Mediation. The papers are organized into the following parts:Keynote Presentation by Hon. Stephen M. SchwebelPART 1: Innovations in International Arbitration by Barru Leon, Sophie Lamn, Hon. William G. Bassler, William W. Park, and Josefa Sicard-MirabalPART 2: Investor-state Arbitration by Edward G. Kehoe, Klaus Reichert, Catherine Amirfar, Nicholas Fletcher QC, and Susan D. FranckPART 3: The Confluence of EU Law and International Arbitration - Both Commercial and Investor-State by John Gaffney, Fidelma Macken SC, and Kaj HoberPART 4: Corporate Issues by Wolfgang Peter, Thomas H. Lee, and Vera Korzun

Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology Volume 41B features a selection of papers presented at the First History of Economics Diversity Caucus Conference, new research essays from Roger Sandilands and co-authors Daniel Schiffman and Eli Goldstein, as well as an interview of Francis Wilson conducted by Phil Magness and Micha Gartz.

First published in 1927, this important collection contains a selection from the unpublished papers left by the late Professor George Unwin, together with certain of the chapters and articles contributed by him to books and periodicals. Part I is concerned with'The Study and Teaching of Economic History'. Par II,'Essays and Lectures on Historical Subjects', ranges over such topics as The Mediaeval City, Commerce and Coinage in Shakespeare's England, Indian Factories in the Eighteenth Century, and ends with a selection of his more important reviews of books. Part III contains six Miscellaneous Papers on varied topics and the Appendix gives an indispensable list of the published works of George Unwin.

This title was first published in 2000: A collection of Ranko Bon's papers on input-output analysis and its applications. The underlying feature of the papers is a focus on the supply-side input-output model, which better predicts the behaviour of mature economic sectors, such as agriculture and mining, than the demand-sided model. The construction sector is especially relevant in the context of economic stability and maturity issues, as it offers an index of economic maturity for entire economies. This is the main theme that evolves through the papers collected in the book.

The long paper which gives the title to this collection and which has never before been published as paperback was initially an attempt to promote international academic understanding. The Economics Department at the London School of Economics had arranged a colloquy between two groups of Russian and British economists; and where the author asked to contribute a general survey of the present state of economic theory as taught in Western centers. For reasons, which are explained in the opening section, the author decided to adopt an historical approach; and the notes on which the present paper is based were the result.The remainders of the papers have as their common denominator a continuing interest in the history of economic thought. Beginning with a lengthy critique of Schumpeter's magisterial History of Economic Analysis, they range from an appraisal of Bentham's continuing relevance to a review of Robertson's Lectures on Economic Principles, with some special attention to John Stuart Mill both as a human being and as an economist. They have been written at various times in the last thirty-five years; and minute scrutiny, if such were thought to be worthwhile--which of course it is not--might detect some variations of emphasis, particularly perhaps in the implicit valuations of Marshall and his contribution, in the papers on Wicksteed and Schumpeter's History respectively. But in spite of a certain shift of perspective here, the author thought it worthwhile to attempt substantial redrafting.Apart from the correction of obvious inelegances or actual errors, the excision of some duplicating quotations and, in a few cases, the addition of supplementary material and references, the papers are reproduced as originally written. In each instance the author has given footnote acknowledgements of the place of original publication.

This volume collects published papers and essays from widely scattered and inaccessible sources, some of which appeared for the first time when this book was originally published. In the first part of the book the subjects range from the theory of wages and recent trends in economic theory to economists'criticism of capitalism and socialism, investment-policy in under-developed countries, and economic growth under the Soviet Five Year Plans. The second part includes papers on Lenin and Marx, a study of the economic ideas of Bernard Shaw, and an essay on historical materialism.

This volume was assembled by two of Dr. Wantrup's students as a complement to his textbook, Resource Conservation: Economics and Policies. Wantrup's ideas on conservation economics continued to evolve in ways that were never fully reflected in that text, and although for the student of natural resource economics it is still essential reading, to st

The Bellagio Group was founded at a time of global economic crisis. This collection brings together the private correspondence and published papers of the Group's founders, creating a picture of the personalities, issues, debates and compromises leading to the adoption of flexible exchange rates and a modified Triffin plan.

The Bellagio Group was founded at a time of global economic crisis. This collection brings together the private correspondence and published papers of the Group's founders, creating a picture of the personalities, issues, debates and compromises leading to the adoption of flexible exchange rates and a modified Triffin plan.

Influential neoclassical economist Lionel McKenzie has made major contributions to postwar economic thought in the fields of equilibrium, trade, and capital accumulation. This selection of his papers traces the development of his thinking in these three crucial areas.McKenzie's early academic life took him to Duke, Princeton, Oxford, the University of Chicago, and the Cowles Commission. In 1957, he went to the University of Rochester to head the economics department there, and he remains at Rochester, now Wilson Professor Emeritus of Economics. McKenzie's most significant research was undertaken during a period that saw the development of the major themes of neoclassical economics and the use of fundamental mathematical methods to do so. McKenzie contributed to both aspects of this research program. He helped shape the direction of the field and, at Rochester, influenced generations of future scholars. In 2002, The MIT Press published McKenzie's Classical General Equilibrium Theory, a detailed summary of the model and methodology. This book, collecting his most important papers in the form in which they were originally published, can be seen as a companion to that one. The many state-of-the-art results achieved in McKenzie's original papers present sophisticated theoretical work that will continue to be important to future developments in the discipline.

The 2008 volume of Contemporary Issues in International Arbitration and Mediation - The Fordham Papers is a collection of important works in international arbitration and mediation written by the prominent speakers at the 2008 Fordham Law School Conference on International Arbitration and Mediation.The 24 papers are organized into the following six parts:Part I: Investor-State ArbitrationPart II: Recent Significant Domestic Judicial Decisions Involving or Potentially Involving International ArbitrationPart III: Class Actions and Consolidation in International ArbitrationPart IV: Intellectual Property and Information Technology Issues in International ArbitrationPart V: Mediation: Issues, Solutions, and Expanding Applications

Au sommaire de ce numéro, entre autres : « Tableaux et Systèmes : premières contributions françaises aux modèles linéaires de production », « Tableau de Quesnay et Tableau de Leontief », « Georg von Charasoff et anticipation de l'itération de von Mises dans l'analyse économique », « La foi et l'économie. Maurice Potron, précurseur de l'analyse input-output », « La cohérence des prix dans le modèle de Leontief » et « Équilibre et politique économique dans la théorie de Leontief ».

This volume takes a fresh look at the land question in India. Instead of re-engaging in the rich transition debate in which the transformation of agriculture is seen as a necessary historical step to usher in dynamic capitalist (or socialist) development, this collection critically examines the centrality of land in contemporary development discourse in India. Consequently, the focus is on the role of the state in pushing a process of dispossession of peasants through direct expropriation for developmental purposes such as acquisition of land by (local) states for infrastructure development and to support accumulation strategies of private business through industrialization. Land in India is sought for non-agricultural purposes such as purchasing land to reduce risk and real estate development. Land is also central to tribal communities (adivasis), whose livelihoods depend on it and on a moral economy that is independent of any price-driven markets. Adivasis tend to hold on to such property, not as individual owners for profit, but for collective security and to protect a way of life. Thus land, notwithstanding its role in the accumulation process, has been, and continues to be, a turbulent arena in which classes, castes, and communities are in conflict with each other, with the state, and with capital, jockeying to determine the terms and conditions of land transactions or their prevention, through both market and non-market mechanisms. The volume goes beyond the traditional political economy of the agrarian transition question, and deals with, inter alia, distributional conflicts arising from acquisition of land by the state for capital accumulation on the one hand and its commodification on the other. It provides new analytical insights into the land acquisition processes, their legal-institutional and ethical implications, and the multifaceted regional diversity of acquisition experiences in India.

The 2007 volume of Contemporary Issues in International Arbitration and Mediation - The Fordham Papers is a collection of important works in international arbitration and mediation written by the prominent speakers at the 2007 Fordham Law School Conference on International Arbitration and Mediation.The 24 papers are organized into the following five parts:Part I: Investor-State ArbitrationPart II: Conduct of International Arbitration and Jurisdictional IssuesPart III: Remedies and DefensesPart IV: Ethics Issues in International ArbitrationPart V: Mediation

First published in 1980, this book collects 17 lectures presented at the annual conference of the Association of University Teachers of Economics covering a wide range issues and debates. They include new theoretical points, criticisms of existing theory, the reporting of empirical studies and their implications, and refinements of methodological techniques. Among the topics covered are government deficits and capital accumulation; macroeconomic issues of management policy and foreign trade; empirical studies of foreign exchange markets, and supply and demand of hours of work; public sector and welfare economics; risk and uncertainty; and monopoly, competition and markets.

Au sommaire de ce numéro 70 : « L'économie contre le politique. La dette, son amortissement et son financement chez de jeunes et vieux saint-simoniens (1825-1880) », « Fétichisme de la marchandise et ontologie sociale chez Marx. Interprétation essentialiste versus interprétation constructiviste », « La causalité cumulative de l'institutionnalisme économique de J.R. Commons. Une perspective pragmatiste-instrumentaliste » et « L'influence du monétarisme sur la politique monétaire de la Réserve fédérale dans les années 1980 ».

The issue of planning prompted some of the fiercest debate in mid-twentieth century economics. Politics of Economic Planning collects together a number of papers from journals and contributed books that examine the problems of economic planning in a free society. They fall into three groups:Part 1 explains the idea of socialism and defines it in relation to democracy.Part 2 discusses problems of economic planning both in relation to political economy on the practice of planning and with the application of the theory of value to the conditions of a centrally directed economy.Part 3 examines the nature of economics.

These unique papers were originally read at a conference on the new economic history of Britain at Harvard in 1970, and each is accompanied by a summary of the discussion that followed it. The participants of the conference represented a broad range of scholars from both sides of the Atlantic.The first eleven papers deal with a variety of topics covering a period from 1840 to the 1920s. They focus on the performance of the British economy, and especially its businessmen, during the time of Britain's industrial maturity and relative decline. The papers and discussions reached a novel conclusion tha, contrary to commonly held opinion, the British economy performed well and that British businessmen were not lacking in entrepreneurial vigour compared with their German or American counterparts. But even more important for British historiography than this finding was the demonstration that economic and statistical methods can be applied successfully to the study of economic history. The papers in the concluding section discuss the origins and development of the new economic history and show that, as a substantial supplement to work along more traditional lines, its methods and application are both desirable and possible.This collection serves as an interesting report of research into a key period in British history, and also as a useful introductory account of the new economic history in the United Kingdom.This book was first published in 1971.

Au sommaire de ce numéro : Comment la poursuite de l'abondance annihile la culture. Essai d'interprétation des Perspectives économiques pour nos petits enfants de J.M. Keynes (1930) / Un lieu commun sans vacuité : le caractère dans la pensée d'Alfred Marshall / Jean Baptiste Say et la question de la population / La coordination par le marché dans Social Choice and Individual Values : mérites normatifs ou mérites techniques? / Une histoire du ciblage de l'inflation : science des théoriciens ou art des banquiers centraux? / Les cycles d'accumulation du capital dans la théorie marxiste / Esprits animaux et habitus : convergences et approfondissements.

L'économie occupe une place importante dans la société, au point de cristalliser un ensemble de questions socialement vives. Cet ouvrage aborde les enjeux de société à partir de l'œuvre de Léon Walras (1834-1910). Ce dernier est souvent présenté comme l'un des pères fondateurs de la Science économique. On oublie toutefois que Léon Walras était également un humaniste, qui a cherché à populariser ses travaux au nom de la paix dans le monde. Les différentes contributions de cet ouvrage reviennent ainsi, à l'occasion du centenaire de la mort de Léon Walras, sur son analyse économique et philosophique qui continue encore aujourd'hui à alimenter de nombreux débats.

Modern economies must'grow'because money borrowed for investment can be repaid only by expanding production and consumption to meet the burden of usurious rates of interest. The roots of this dynamic between debt and growth lay in the financial revolution of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries in Britain which established a new usurious monetary system.For the first time in history credit was made widely available, but only on condition of an exponentially increasing debt burden. To pay back debts production had to increase correspondingly, leading to the industrial revolution, economic'growth', and modernity itself.Though private creditors gained a monopoly over the creation of credit, and were disproportionately enriched, the resulting economic growth for a time was great enough to benefit most debtors as well as creditors, ensuring widespread prosperity.That is no longer the case. With today's eco-crisis we have reached the limits of growth. We no longer have the natural resources to grow fast enough to pay our debts. This is the real root of our current financial crisis.If we are to live sustainably, our system of money and credit must be transformed. We need a non-usurious monetary system appropriate to a steady-state economy, with capital broadly distributed at non-usurious rates of interest.Such a system was developed by an early nineteenth century American thinker, Edward Kellogg, and is explored here in depth. His work inspired the populist movement and remains more relevant than ever as a viable alternative to the a financial system we can no longer afford.

In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.

New Europe is a rhetorical term used by some analysts to describe European post-communist transition success stories. The term implies their recent return to European, or more precisely Western civilization, but suggests - given their (forced) communist detour - that there is no single Pan-European identity in the EU. This book examines the na

The economic impact of free trade among the North Atlantic countries on the Canadian pulp and paper industry is here discussed in a detailed analysis of costs and marketing.