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The overall financial market environment has undergone a dramatic shift in the past few years as a result of the recent global financial crisis, associated regulatory changes, and new market participants. This study undertook an online survey of 12,169 SMEs from all major sectors of the German economy. A total of 576 completed and usable questionnaires were collected. The aim of this study is to explore the nature of lending relationships in light of the past financial crisis, the resultant structural changes, and the competition of new entrants into the financial system. The study shows that relationship lending is essential for ensuring financial market stability.

International migration and urbanization are potential solutions for stabilizing the global economy and bolstering local and regional economies. However, if unregulated, they can also put market stability at risk and cause new social problems in both developed and developing countries. Urbanization and Migration as Factors Affecting Global Economic Development takes a close look at the impact of urbanization and international migration on the global economy. Studying the dynamics of these two phenomena in countries across the world, as well as the varying successes of regional regulations, this publication is a valuable resource for academics interested in further research in urbanization, migration, and global economic efficiency, as well as policymakers involved in regulating international migration and urbanization.

In emerging economies, one of the most prevalent types of business is the family firm, from small food carts to bigger nation-wide businesses and every type in between. Both internal factors such as family dynamic and culture, and external factors such as government policy and economic conditions can have varying impacts on the management and success of family firms. Offering perspectives on the entrepreneurial behaviour of family businesses in such economies, the chapters collected here present a systematic analysis focusing on gender, culture, policy, issues of succession, growth and economic impact. Contributors also discuss the positive impact of family business growth on local, regional and national economies, whilst examining challenges posed by the future in maintaining the family business. Researchers, policy makers and academics will benefit from this comprehensive picture of entrepreneurial behaviour of family business, providing major theoretical and empirical evidence and a brighter view of these fields from the perspective of emerging economies. The Entrepreneurial Behaviour series is dedicated to communicating innovative and multi-disciplinary new research that advances theory and practice in Entrepreneurial Behaviour. The series is focused on expanding the scope of Entrepreneurial Behaviour theory and analysis and enriching practice by encouraging multi-theoretical, multi-cultural and multi-disciplinary approaches.

The Routledge International Handbook of Complexity Economics covers the historical developments and early concerns of complexity theorists and brings them into engagement with the world today.In this volume, a distinguished group of international scholars explore the state of the art of complexity economics, and how it may deliver new and relevant insights to the challenges of the 21st century. Complexity science started in 1899 when Henri Poincaré described the three-body problem. The first approaches in economics emerged somewhat later, in the 1980s, driven by the Brussels-Austin school. Since then, complexity economics has gone through numerous developments: departing from linear simplifications, applying physical algorithms, to evolutionary economics and big data. This book covers the basic principles and methods, and offers an overview of the various domains—ranging from diverse fields of productivity studies, agricultural economics, to monetary economics—as well as the current challenges such as climate change, epidemics and economic inequality where complexity economics can provide insight. It closes with a review of complexity political economy and policy.Offering a vibrant alternative to orthodox economics, this handbook is a crucial resource for advanced students, researchers and economists across the disciplines of heterodox economics, economic theory and econophysics.

This book presents a holistic picture of Nigeria's financial services landscape. This includes identifying service providers and regulatory bodies, understanding consumer behaviour, and examining the unique challenges faced by Nigerian financial institutions. The book presents up-to-date research on recent developments and regulatory changes within Nigeria's financial sector, as well as future considerations for how financial services and financial inclusion can play a crucial role in the country's sustainable economic growth. Combining academic analysis with practical insights, the book takes readers through Nigeria's key financial services providers, regulators, consumers, marketing strategies and challenges. A core focus throughout is on financial inclusion and the opportunities associated with reaching financially underserved or excluded populations, demonstrating how increasing financial access at a country-wide level aligns with global goals of reducing inequalities and promoting growth. It will have interdisciplinary appeal to scholars, students and professionals working in finance, economics, business, public policy and development studies.

The era of digital transformation brings to small and medium-sized enterprises new challenges and complex issues that need to be navigated carefully and effectively to keep pace with the rate of local and global changes, to continue operating efficiently and competitively. Strategic Financial Management is a comprehensive exploration of contemporary financial challenges from a managerial perspective with interesting and insightful chapters that address sustainability reporting, ESG integration, globalization's impact on financial strategies, and corporate governance. Investigating theoretical frameworks, identifying problems, and discussing implications for managers, entrepreneurs, and policymakers, regulatory changes and compliance challenges are dissected in this book, providing a timely guide for managers to navigate the evolving regulatory landscape. Managing financial talent is recognised as a crucial element in achieving organizational success, and the role of data management and analytics in finance is emphasised in informed decision-making, which are interwoven in the chapters of this book. Exploring the dynamics of financial communication and stakeholder relations, and acknowledging their pivotal role in maintaining organizational trust, the chapters contribute to the ongoing dialogue on sustainability, governance, and financial strategies. Strategic Financial Management provides valuable guidance for managers, entrepreneurs, and policymakers in navigating the complexities of the modern financial landscape.

Historically and contextually, various integration models were experimented with by colonial powers, but these systems largely collapsed post-independence. For instance, the French attempted to maintain cohesion but prioritized their own interests, leading to fragmentation.Efforts in East and West Africa similarly faltered, as each nation pursued its own agenda without a unified political will. South Africa made a notable attempt, but integration never materialized; it would have required a different approach, such as the adoption of a SADC currency.The recent endeavors of AES countries and Zimbabwe's new currency inject fresh dynamics into this ecosystem. Concurrently, the rise of new technologies presents both challenges and opportunities for financial integration.Public organizations and pan-African institutions play crucial roles in navigating this journey, where the political dimension holds significant sway. Additionally, international dynamics, exemplified by initiatives like those of the BRICs, further influence the landscape.Taken together, these elements paint an intriguing picture, fostering discussions on the African ecosystem and brainstorming plausible solutions. The ultimate aim is to achieve, within a reasonable timeframe, a monetary union and a common African currency.

The recent Covid-19 pandemic and recent economic and political turbulences exacerbate issues related to the economic and political resilience of countries. In this context, digitalization and productivity improvement, the development of the labour market and human capital, as well as regional disparities, and economic and social stratification, need special attention by policymakers and businesses. Adequate solutions to these issues will contribute to the enhancement of the competitiveness of Europe. The chapters collected here examine the economic development, main experiences, lessons learned, and the challenges and perspectives ahead of the new member states of the EU to identify the determinants of imbalances in the economic development of these countries. Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis publishes a series of current and relevant themed volumes within the fields of economics and finance. Both disciplinary and interdisciplinary studies are welcome.

This volume examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market and the business environment in the European Union (EU), with a specific focus on Romania, the least developed country in the EU. The book emphasizes the need to rethink recovery models and suggests a new normal based on the pillars of economic, climatic, and social resilience. Is proposed the redefinition the policies'mix that will allow fundamental changes in development, focused also on social and societal profit, the redefinition of productivity and environmental performance of businesses, and the rebalancing of work and leisure life. The COVID-19 crisis not only accelerated the digital transformation of society but also reconfigured the coordinates of economic development by prioritizing sustainable development for all, based on green jobs as a starting point for business innovation and decent jobs for active social protection. Following this approach, the contributions discuss selected issues with importance to the development of society in the post-pandemic world. The book is of interest to students, scholars and researchers in economics, business, management and political science, as well as to policy makers and practitioners, for a better understanding of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market and the business environment in European Union.

How Brazil and Portugal experimented with corporatism as a “third path” between laissez-faire capitalism and communism Following the Great Depression, as the world searched for new economic models, Brazil and Portugal experimented with corporatism as a “third path” between laissez-faire capitalism and communism. In a corporatist society, the government vertically integrates economic and social groups into the state so that it can manage labor and economic production. In the 1930s, the dictatorships of Getúlio Vargas in Brazil and António de Oliveira Salazar in the Portuguese Empire seized upon corporatist ideas to jump-start state-led economic development. In A Third Path, Melissa Teixeira examines these pivotal but still understudied initiatives.What distinguished Portuguese and Brazilian corporatism from other countries'experiments with the mixed economy was how Vargas and Salazar dismantled liberal democratic institutions, celebrating their efforts to limit individual freedoms and property in pursuit of economic recovery and social peace. By tracing the movement of people and ideas across the South Atlantic, Teixeira vividly shows how two countries not often studied for their economic creativity became major centers for policy experimentation. Portuguese and Brazilian officials created laws and agencies to control pricing and production, which in turn generated new social frictions and economic problems, as individuals and firms tried to evade the rules. And yet, Teixeira argues, despite the failings and frustrations of Brazil's and Portugal's corporatist experiments, the ideas and institutions tested in the 1930s and 1940s constituted a new legal and technical tool kit for the rise of economic planning, shaping how governments regulate labor and market relations to the present day.

One feature of this book is the clarification of the development mechanism of Asia as a regional economy for over half a century, based on an'Asian Economy Within the Global Economy'approach that goes beyond the single-country analytical framework. The development of emerging economies has caught the world's attention: from the Newly Industrializing Countries or Newly Industrializing Economies of the 1980s to the BRICs entering this century. General economics cannot clarify the internal mechanism of the changing of newly industrialized economies led by Asia. This book clarifies such regional development structure by focusing on the direct investments of multinational firms and the importance of gradual changes of specific policies adopted by newly industrialized economies. Moreover, the book concretely deals with the US–China trade war and China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as a problem of Asian economies. In so doing, the book not only perceives the structural change of the global economy as a structural change from a US-centric global economy of the twentieth century to a China-centric one, but also focuses on the birthing of a new growth frontier in the world economy, under a crisis brought about by a war for hegemony between the US and China. The investment initiative through China's BRI has prompted the investment competition between Japan and the US, which has made even stronger the possibility of giving birth to a new economic frontier in Afro-Eurasia. Another feature is the consideration of various issues that confront Asian countries in their search for economic development, using the Philippines as a case study. The analysis of the study points to the importance of a “shared growth” perspective, which is based on an Asian development model, and discusses the challenge of overcoming the issues of the economic development model within the region. At the same time, this book studies the significance and new issues, as a region, of the economy and overseas policies of attention-drawer China.

This book covers green finance with a focus on the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) consequences of green financing and its role in attaining sustainable development and a carbon-neutral economy. It provides research-based practical solutions for sustainable development, as well as insights from green finance, presenting a framework for studying green finance in the domains of accounting, banking, investing, and insurance. Of interest to academics, investors, and policymakers in green finance and development and alternative financing, the book features a global cast of contributors from both academia and practice.

This book is open access. Economic development is one of the necessary conditions for social development, and management innovation is an inherent attribute of societies, countries, governments, and enterprises. With the advent of globalization in the 21st century, enterprises, governments, countries and other organizational units have put forward higher requirements for management innovation, and economic development is seeing major challenges. The 2nd International Conference on Management Innovation and Economic Development ( MIED 2024) will be held in Guilin, China on June 28-30, 2024. The conference aims to provide a platform for experts, scholars, engineering technicians, and technical R&D personnel engaged in the research of economics and management to share scientific research achievements and cutting-edge technologies, understand academic development trends, broaden research ideas, strengthen academic research and exploration, and promote cooperation in the industrialization of academic achievements. The conference cordially invites experts, scholars, business professionals, and other relevant personnel from domestic and foreign universities, research institutions, and other relevant personnel to participate and exchange ideas! We cordially invite you to submit papers and look forward to meeting you in MIED 2024!

This book explores the significant impact of FinTech on the financial industry and how it could be used to promote legitimate development in the global economy. It takes readers on an engaging tour of the field of FinTech, immersing them in a thorough investigation of the technological advancements, creative business models, and regulatory issues that define the FinTech landscape.The book begins by documenting the rise of FinTech, providing historical context, and highlighting key milestones. It delves into the numerous technologies that have fuelled the FinTech revolution and offers valuable insights into the ongoing evolution of the financial industry and its implications for individuals, businesses, and society. It explores topics such as microfinance, digital lending, social impact investing, and sustainable finance, signalling the ability of FinTech to foster financial inclusion, reduce poverty, and drive sustainable economic growth in developing economies. The book takes into account ethical as well as regulatory considerations, and the importance of striking a balance between innovation and consumer protection. The book offers a comparative regional perspective and provides case studies of successful FinTech organizations from across the world. It concludes by providing an in-depth exploration of future trends and predictions, with a specific focus on emerging technologies such as ChatGPT and their potential impact.This will be a useful reference for researchers, scholars, and students, concerned with the changing dynamics of the industry in an increasingly digital and interconnected world.

This book advocates for a transformative shift in economics, emphasising the need to manage finite resources equitably while safeguarding universal well-being. It introduces the Equitable Optimality economic theory, departing from materialistic views and championing a theory deeply rooted in moral economy, values, and ethics. By integrating spirituality, social justice, and ethics into economic analysis, this model contends that economics can serve the welfare of all, offering a unique lens for economic theory and policy. It challenges prevailing materialistic economic paradigms by proposing an interest-balanced/free financial economy.This economic theory prioritises profit-sharing, societal objectives, and equitable resource allocation, aiming to create a more inclusive society. However, practical implementation and comprehensive research are crucial for understanding its impact and overcoming transitional challenges. The Equitable Optimality economic theory provides a valuable perspective within economics, focusing on ethical foundations, acknowledging non-monetary values, and humanising economic agents. It does not aim to replace conventional economic theories but offers an alternative framework to inspire innovative approaches to economic models and policymaking. Its broader policy perspective aims to foster a more prosperous and harmonious society by integrating ethical considerations, equity and justice into economic decision-making and emphasising societal welfare.

In light of recent significant changes to the global order, The Unmaking of Special Rights explores an often-forgotten aspect of these power shifts: special rights for developing countries. Written by a group of esteemed experts, it analyzes when and how special rights for developing countries have evolved in the context of global power shifts.This informative book outlines how, since decolonization, several global regimes have granted ‘disadvantaged'members exemptions, yet the rise of Brazil, India, China, and other countries has led to pressure to adjust these rights to new economic realities. Based on case studies in global trade, climate, and health governance, this groundbreaking book comparatively assesses the evolution of differential treatment across global governance, highlighting how treating all developing countries as a single group has gradually been replaced with a more nuanced approach. Chapters cover differentiated responsibilities in the climate regime, capacity, willingness and need in the health regime, and special and differential treatment in the World Trade Organization (WTO).For academics, researchers and students specializing in international economics, law and politics, international political economy, and public policy, this book will be a vital read. Providing in-depth comparative case studies, it will also be of interest to practitioners and policymakers working in international development organizations.

Corporate debt in emerging markets (EMs) has reached historical levels in the post-Covid-19 world. This challenges international lenders (e.g., commercial banks, development finance institutions, and impact investors) and EM economies in their pursuit of economic development. This book builds on the authors'first volume by focusing on the role of institutions in the economy, credit markets, and ultimately debt restructuring. The authors identify, contextualize, and evaluate the major challenges confronting restructuring professionals in EMs, offering “ten observations” on the major differences for the practitioner in the restructuring environment of EMs versus that of advanced economies. The authors present four detailed EM case studies (following these with counterfactuals) reflecting these ten observations. The authors also explore the main elements of an effective EM insolvency framework as relevant to the restructurer's choice whether to pursue a formal versus an informal solution. Written for restructuring professionals by restructuring professionals, this book explores the factors which drive success—or failure—in EM debt restructuring.

This compelling exploration delves into President Xi Jinping's ambitious efforts to restore China to its historical role as a global leader through innovative economic means. Bridging the philosophies of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping, Xi's approach is a unique synthesis of Marxist-Developmentalist ideas, aiming to convert China's accumulated national wealth into great power status.At the heart of this narrative is a wealth-power dialectic, shaping the performance and challenges of China's modern economic statecraft. The book chronicles the optimism of Xi's first term, the overreach and subsequent retrenchment of his second, all set against the backdrop of a slowing domestic economy and intensifying strategic competition with the United States. Despite these hurdles, the Chinese government continues to expand its arsenal of economic tools and initiatives, showcasing resilience and adaptability.This book offers an insightful look into how Xi Jinping's tenure might be remembered as a pinnacle in China's Marxist-Developmentalist economic history. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in understanding the intricate strategies behind China's quest for global preeminence.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.

Monetary economics is concerned with the role of money in economic activities. The development of monetary theory and policy plays a significant role in the growth and development of various economies. This has far-reaching implications for various sectors of the economy through several channels, including inflation, employment, interest rates, exchange rates, consumption, government spending, investment, and the level of economic activity. Much of the literature to date has focused on developed economies. This book, however, is an essential guide to the monetary and economic systems of emerging and developing countries.The book contributes to the role of monetary policy in macroeconomic stabilisation by examining the characteristics and recent developments in emerging and developing countries'monetary and economic systems, including lessons learned in monetary policy and the associated challenges, the role of building blocks of monetary theory, and policy frameworks used in practice, especially looking at why and how these issues are relevant in these economies. It provides theoretical underpinnings and critical issues relating to various aspects of monetary theory, including the role of money, monetary systems, money supply, demand for money, central banking, monetary policy, and the instruments for its implementation in emerging and developing countries. Furthermore, it presents relevant cases, illustrating the intricacies of the monetary systems in these countries.This invaluable resource elucidates the significant differences between developed and emerging and developing economies. It contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive understanding of monetary economics for students, scholars, researchers, policymakers, and monetary and economic policy practitioners.

This second edition brings together the views of expert academics and practitioners on the latest regulatory developments in sustainable finance in Europe and includes 5 new chapters on sustainable remuneration, reporting, lending, green monetary policy and ESG. The volume includes a wide range of cutting-edge issues, which relate to three main themes along which the volume is structured: (1) corporate governance; (2) monetary policy and financial stability ; and (3) financial markets. With individual contributions deploying different methods of analysis, including theoretical contributions on the status quo of macro-financial research as well as law and economics approaches, the collection encourages interdisciplinary readership and will appeal to those researching capital markets law, European financial law, and sustainable finance, as well as practitioners within the finance industry.

This is an open access book. Europe faces significant challenges in the coming decades: geopolitical, demographic, technological, increased competition, climate-related, and health issues due to an aging population, to mention a few. Given these challenges, technological progress and new ways of handling complex issues will be key to continued prosperity and growth. To accomplish a growth process driven by innovation and entrepreneurship, the institutional environment must take into account a multitude of different policy areas that interact to either strengthen or weaken an economy's innovative potential. Innovation is not only about R&D and higher education but is also intimately related to entrepreneurship. Similarly, entrepreneurship is not only about low start-up costs and favorable tax rates. Hence, a consistent and coordinated policy environment conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship is required to translate innovation into high-growth firms and macro-level growth. This book presents the basic cornerstones required to provide a policy regime that can nurture such dynamics. The authors draw extensively on empirical analysis of the development of the Swedish economy, which has been transformed from a so-called'sclerosis'state in the 1980s until the early 1990s to an economy characterized by successful entrepreneurship and innovation. This transformation resulted from a reform agenda that has been gradually rolled out, beginning in the mid-1980s. The authors argue that the Swedish experience provides useful lessons for other nations as well.

This is an open access book. 2024 3rd International Conference on Public Service, Economic Management and Sustainable Development (PESD 2024) will be held from Sep. 27 to 29 in Xi'an, China. It dedicates to create a platform for academic communications between specialists and scholars in the fields of Public Service, Economic Management and Sustainable Development. PESD 2024 is the Public Service, Economic Management and Sustainable Development conference aimed at presenting current research being carried out. Economic development provides the basic material basis for public services, and public services create a good social foundation for economic development. At the same time, social and economic aspects need to jointly promote sustainable development. The idea of the conference is for the scientists, scholars, engineers, and students from Universities all around the world and the industry to present ongoing research activities, and hence to foster research relations between the Universities and the industry. This conference provides opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and application experiences face to face, establish business or research relations, and find global partners for future collaboration.

The 2024 edition of the United Nations'World Economic Situation and Prospects report comes amid stark global economic inequalities and high geopolitical tensions. While rich economies have largely bounced back from the COVID-19 pandemic, developing economies have lost ground. Many are drowning in debt, with more than a third at risk of crisis. Investment in climate action and sustainable development is falling woefully short. Hunger and poverty are on the rise. And growing divisions between countries and economies are preventing an effective response. As this report makes clear, 2024 is projected to be another tough year. Sluggish global growth is projected to slow further. Investment will remain weak. The debt crisis will continue to spiral, as debt service obligations reach new heights. Devastating conflicts and escalating extreme weather are bringing uncertainty and risk to the global economy.

This open access book presents selected contributions on a wide range of scientific and technological areas originating from the BUiD Doctoral Research Conference (BDRC 2022). It discusses the following topics: project management, macroeconomic factors, Fourth Industrial Revolution, agility, multiculturalism, diversity, inclusion, leadership, language, discourse analysis, curriculum, critical thinking, programming, online learning, and natural ventilation. The contributions reflect the multifaceted nature of the research in three academic disciplines, i.e., humanities, formal science, and applied science. This publication shares with its readers genuine research studies and reflections from practitioners on the current practice and understanding in the three academic disciplines. The significant findings of these studies have considerable educational, industrial, and economic implications.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is an ambitious infrastructure construction program designed and financially supported by the Chinese government. It spans the globe and is active in about 150 countries, affecting the international order, government policies, and ordinary people's daily lives. The BRI uses a version of China's domestic development model, set in an international environment. Using a wealth of documents, cases, multi-country input-output models, and a project database created by the authors, this book provides a complete picture of the BRI: its benefits, risks, and implications. The book explores the institutional roots of the problems of the BRI (including debt problems), argues that the debt problem is a soft budget constraint problem, and discusses the redesign and reorganising of its future versions. This book aims to help policymakers, researchers, students, and everyone interested in political science, economics, and country-specific research to understand and rethink the advantages and risks of the BRI.

This book focuses on one of the two G20 tracks, the finance track. It examines the evolution of the finance track in G20, the organizational structure of the finance track, and the role of international organizations in reforming the financial architecture. It discusses how the agenda is formed and driven by the political economy of the host country as well as the imperative of the time. It also documents the finance track themes taken up by different G20 presidencies over the years. Some of the common threads between the G20 emerging economies'presidencies in terms of the finance track themes that the G20 leaders have considered include financial sector regulation and reform, reform of international financial institutions, global growth and macroeconomic policies, international taxation, and financial inclusion. The book is an excellent resource for the researchers of international economics as well as for policymakers.

Providing an overview of industrial development using a variety of different approaches and perspectives, the Handbook of Industrial Development brings together expert contributors and highlights the current multiple and interdependent challenges that can only be addressed using an interdisciplinary approach. Chapters discuss the existing issues faced by industry following both the digital and environmental transitions, highlighting their regional roots and the interplay with the wider institutional framework. Investigating the necessity for companies to design new products and production processes and also re-think their corporate responsibilities, this Handbook illustrates the need for a much broader vision taking into account historical, social, political and cultural viewpoints at all governmental levels. Furthermore, it takes an analytical look at further research, including insightful directions for future industrial development policies. Answering complex policy questions for today, this crucial Handbook will be invaluable for policymakers looking for insights into sustainable industrial development as well as practitioners who are seeking an up-to-date comprehensive overview of the topic. Economic development and innovation scholars and researchers will also find the future research ideas interesting and informative.

2023 is the tenth anniversary of China's proposal to jointly build the'the Belt and Road Initiative''(BRI). This academic monograph provides a theoretical analysis of China's'Belt and Road Initiative'(BRI) from the perspective of economics and not only describes the status of the BRI construction, but also formulates development proposals. First, it provides a theoretical explanation of why the Belt and Road is feasible and how it can be applied in practice. Second, it introduces the overall situation and landmark projects from the past eight years of the'Belt and Road'construction using the method of case studies. Finally, it puts forward policy suggestions and measures to promote quality development of the'Belt and Road'in the future. This book provides an encyclopedic understanding of the'Belt and Road'project to the international community, especially after the G7 summit proposed'Build Back Better for the World'(B3W) in 2021 and the'global infrastructure and investment partnership'plan in 2022. This book is an indispensable textbook to understand and study the situation and experience of the'Belt and Road'construction that has been going on for eight years.

The European Union (‘EU') is promoting a suite of innovations in international economic regulation—among them, reforms for secure and sustainable investment, a comprehensive approach to the mutual recognition of professional qualifications, a viable carbon border adjustment mechanism, heightened intellectual property rights protection, the arm's length principle in taxation, and an increased commitment to non-economic vales. Through a critical analysis of key regulations and policies, this volume explores the evolving architectures of international economic agreements in light of EU practice. A comprehensive analysis indicates that novelties are rooted in geoeconomic considerations, through which a fundamental shift is underway towards the adoption of comprehensive bilateral trade agreements. Whilst innovation has the potential to significantly harmonise cross-border regulatory frameworks, it can also trigger significant fractures, particularly when applied restrictively and asymmetrically. Arguably, the ‘Brussels effect'will to a certain extent foster a progressive development of international economic regulation, while in some respects being constrained by the status quo of the international economic regime. This volume is part of the Jean Monnet project Third Country Engagement with EU Trade Policy led by the ANU Centre for European Studies at the Australian National University, and supported by the European Commission under the Erasmus+ actions. The project seeks to explore and improve understanding of the EU's evolving trade policy and its implications for third countries, including Australia and countries in the Asia-Pacific region.

Tracing the development journey of the Arabian Gulf region with a forward-looking perspective, this book describes how a combination of good fortune, creative experimentation, and determination has enabled the region to achieve prosperity. Today, the Arabian Gulf is well positioned to assume a pivotal role in the new global order. Forced to balance an extreme climate and acute resource constraints, but also an exceptional location, the region's progress and prosperity have historically been precarious and vulnerable to external shocks. Efforts to transcend resource dependency have typically involved proactive attempts to enable other economic activities. This book argues that, while conventional economic diversification is making headway, the Gulf region is in fact amidst a far more holistic transformation that positions it for a pivotal role in the emerging multipolar global order. It now offers globally competitive regulations and world-class infrastructure at the heart of the Old World, flanked by two fast-growing continents. It has become the hub of choice for a growing share of inter-continental flows of people, trade, and capital, and has established strong economic ties in all directions. This book shows how, despite many risks and challenges, the region possesses the forward-looking vision and necessary resilience that can finally liberate it from its long-standing'resource curse'and a development paradigm that looks likely to provide the foundation for sustained well-being in the decades ahead.The scope and rigor of the book make it suitable as a reference on the Arabian Gulf and for those interested in global affairs and economic development, as well as policymakers and the business community.

This book makes general considerations regarding global changes and contemporary economic issues in Asian countries in real terms. It offers a collection of original conference papers from the annual international conferences on “Contemporary economic issues in Asian countries” (CEIAC Conference) commenced in 2022 in collaboration with CIFOR-ICRAF, Sungkyunkwan University (Korea), and Tamkang University (Taiwan). The theme of the CEIAC Conference 2022 deals with broad aspects of the contemporary economic issues in Asian countries. It covers topics such as economics and business (economic theory, national and international income distribution, macroeconomic policies, sectors of economy, productivity developments, financial market, business governance, bank financing, etc.), green economy and sustainable development (developing process, development policy, public policy, sustainable growth, green growth, etc.), and international trade and investment (international trade theory, free trade agreements, tariffs, intellectual property, international law, etc.). The book would interest a wide array of professors, researchers, lecturers, students in fields of economics, consultants, and decision makers interested in the issues related to economic issues in Asia.

“A fascinating insight into the evolution of China's financial policy and its strategic investments using leveraged foreign exchange reserves.” —Diane Coyle, Enlightened Economist “[Liu] shows that Chinese sovereign funds are so different from better-known sovereign wealth funds, such as those of the governments of Abu Dhabi and Norway, that she prefers to call them ‘sovereign leveraged funds'...These various exotic workarounds, which Liu skillfully traces, produce ‘shadow reserves.'” —Andrew J. Nathan, Foreign Affairs “Follow the money, find the politics...Liu shows how China pioneered a whole new class of sovereign wealth funds.” —Times of India One of the keys to China's global rise has been its strategy of deploying sovereign wealth on behalf of state power. Since President Xi Jinping took office in 2013, China has doubled down on financial statecraft, making shrewd investments with the money it has made by leveraging its foreign exchange reserves. Sovereign Funds tells the story of how the Communist Party of China (CPC) became a global financier of surpassing ambition. Zongyuan Zoe Liu offers a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the evolution of China's sovereign funds, including the China Investment Corporation, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, and Central Huijin Investment, showing how these institutions have become mechanisms not only for transforming low-reward foreign exchange reserves into investment capital but also for power projection. Sovereign funds are essential drivers of the national interest, shaping global markets, advancing the historic Belt and Road Initiative, and funneling state assets into strategic industries such as semiconductors, fintech, and artificial intelligence. Liu uncovers how the CPC is a leader in both foreign exchange reserves investment and economic statecraft, using state capital to encourage domestic economic activity and create spheres of influence worldwide.

The D-8 (Developing Eight) organisation was officially formed in 1997 and has Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan and Turkey as full members. The D-8 economies encompass nearly 62% of the Muslim population or about 1.17 billion people globally. The economic, cultural, social, political and geographical diversity that exists amongst the D-8 member countries differs radically from other Muslim or regional blocks. Furthermore, D-8 member countries are developing economies that do not solely rely on oil, ancient civilizations, or roles as historical powerhouses, but their populations aspire to be better educated, scientifically more advanced, have higher incomes and improved human rights. It is imperative to study the implications of these developments for cultural identity and life quality. This book studies the contemporary socio-economic developments and challenges faced by D-8 countries. It explores questions on the socio-economic and political formation, sustainability, economic participation, and the vitality of the D-8 member countries. It deepens our understanding of recent global economic systems and governance, and suggests areas for future research and publications.

In a complex political and environmental global landscape, it has never been more critical for global organizations to understand the past, present, and future of Chinese corporate governance: this book is the key. Leveraging her dual-cultural background and using a board-level practitioner's lens, Lyndsey Zhang offers insights that will help the global business community better understand Chinese companies'corporate governance practices and economic development journeys, shorten the learning curve for global business leaders and investors, and explore different economic models that better suit emerging markets. She addresses important questions such as:• How does the Chinese government manage to retain its controlling position in Chinese companies while still making them attractive to global investors?• What are the drivers for Chinese companies'future corporate governance improvement?• What is China's position on the worldwide ESG and climate change movements?• How can global practitioners feel less like'navigating in the dark'when working with Chinese companies?This book will be an invaluable resource for anyone seeking to understand the rapidly changing world of Chinese corporate governance, including global investors, senior executives in multinational corporations, consultants, financial and political policymakers, business and law students, and researchers.

Following the positive impact of microfinance on poverty reduction, women empowerment, and microenterprise development in some countries in Asia and Africa, a huge amount of time has been devoted by researchers to understanding how this concept can be used as a catalyst for transforming and sustaining the economies of developing and emerging countries. Though there are a few books on the role of microfinance in reducing poverty in developing countries across world, there is no specific book that explores the role of microfinance in transforming and sustaining economies of developing and emerging countries. Transforming Economies Through Microfinance in Developing Nations seeks to explore how the provision of microfinance to individuals and groups can contribute to the economic transformation and sustainability of the economies of developing and emerging countries. Covering key topics such as climate change, entrepreneurship, and rural development, this reference work is ideal for government officials, entrepreneurs, policymakers, researchers, academicians, practitioners, scholars, instructors, and students.

This book envisions the future of resilient finance and the societal value of responsible investment. Capturing the Zeitgeist of our post-pandemic new Renaissance, the book describes the contemporary use of economics to improve environmental conditions, widen access to health care, and foster social justice. The Future of Resilient Finance helps students, research scholars, and interdisciplinary global governance practitioners understand resiliency management through strategic finance and responsible economics as a politics and international relations tool. The new age of resilient finance captures monetary means as a source of politics, diplomacy, and international aid. The current outpouring of rescue and recovery funds is portrayed as new generation of resilient finance aimed at peace and prosperity for humankind. The integration of environmental, social, and governance criteria in portfolio choices is covered to grant sustainable value offinance for society.

ASEAN's real gross domestic product (GDP) had declined sharply due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The economic downturn and the uncertainty about the future reduced the new investments in green projects drastically. Besides this, many governments rolled back environmental regulations and taxes and increased fossil-fuel intensive infrastructure and electricity to stimulate economic growth. Post-Pandemic Green Recovery in ASEAN consists of several empirical studies using fresh data, with regional and country-level perspectives on ways to keep the greenness of the economic recovery plans. The chapters look at various aspects and sectors, including tourism, infrastructure, energy, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), employment, and livelihood, by assessing the effectiveness of various tools and instruments, including green finance, carbon taxation, green Sukuk, credit guarantee, cash transfer payment, power purchase agreements, and the related policies. They also provide practical policy recommendations useful for the ASEAN member states and other developing regions for the green recovery in the post-pandemic. Reiterating the importance of green and low-carbon mechanisms and climate change tackling policies besides the usual economic recovery strategies, this book is a precious resource for the researchers of economics, finance, ASEAN and Asian studies, and policymakers.

Recent Developments in Green Finance, Green Growth and Carbon Neutrality explains the role of green finance in transforming the global economy into a green and carbon neutral one. The book explores the synergy between green growth strategy and green finance policy (2G) and carbon neutrality in an economic-environmental-financial framework that helps readers understand how to design a feasible path toward achieving carbon neutrality through economic initiatives and financial innovations. It shows how to apply the notion of green growth to organizations and illustrates the need for a theory of energy economics that estimates the benefits of a low-carbon transition and carbon neutrality. Sections include historical background, relevant literature necessary to understand topics, the notions of green finance, green growth and carbon neutrality from an economic perspective. Other sections cover models and methods of carbon neutrality assessment, the nexus between carbon neutrality and economic development, green growth and financial development, green finance and green energy exploration and consumption, and more. Two chapters specifically focused on UN SDGs 7 and 13 round out the book, and it concludes with a final section that gathers and integrates the concepts discussed throughout the book. - Uses green finance and green growth to develop a framework for achieving a carbon neutral society - Brings together current knowledge in this field of research, then goes further to explain relevant concepts and the theoretical and empirical relationship between carbon neutrality, green growth and green finance - Includes two chapters dedicated to a discussion of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 13 which underpin this book

The Trade and Development Report 2023 analyses current economic trends and major policy issues of international concern and makes suggestions for addressing these issues at various levels. The report warns that the global economy is stalling, with growth slowing in most regions compared with last year and only a few countries bucking the trend. The global economy is at a crossroads, where divergent growth paths, widening inequalities, growing market concentration and mounting debt burdens cast shadows on the future. The prospect of meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 is fading as a combination of rising interest rates, weakening currencies and slowing export growth squeezes the fiscal space needed for governments to fight climate change and provide for their people. The report calls for a change in policy direction – including by leading central banks – and accompanying institutional reforms promised during the COVID-19 crisis to avert a lost decade. It urges global financial reforms, more pragmatic policies to tackle inflation, inequality and sovereign debt distress, and stronger oversight of key markets. The report proposes actions to get the global economy moving in the right direction by using a balanced policy mix of fiscal, monetary and supply-side measures to achieve financial stability, boost productive investment and create better jobs. Part I of the report launches on 4 October 2023 with part II expected in November.

The private rental housing market plays an important and growing role in the advanced economies. Providing accommodation for a wider range of households than before the global financial crisis, rental housing is also a key asset class for private individuals and companies, while the rise of Airbnb lettings has pushed up rents and reduced the number of homes available to residents. This edited collection by leading experts in the field analyses recent changes in the private rental market, using case studies from the UK, Europe, Australia and the USA, and assesses the initial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Handbook of Energy Policy is a unique and novel reference for addressing the policy implications of energy demand and supply from their economic, political, social, planning, and environmental aspects. The Handbook of Energy Policy provides several studies from the global, regional, national, or local perspectives that are of wider policy significance. Studies provided in this book are of interest to the international organizations, governments, public and private sector entities, local communities, universities, research institutions, and other non-governmental organizations. Topics covered in the Handbook of Energy Policy are including energy security, energy poverty, energy finance, energy pricing, energy and environment, energy and sustainability, energy and growth, energy efficiency, energy trade, technological innovation and energy, energy transition, energy nexus studies, economics, and policy of fossil fuels, economics, and policy of renewable and greenenergies. The policy recommendations provided in all chapters are supported by a rigorous empirical or theoretical analysis.

This book presents a systemic view of the global environmental economy under the conditions of climate change from the positions of Sustainable Development Goals. The purpose of the book is to study the current problems of the global environmental economy under the conditions of climate change and to determine the prospects of its sustainable development (systemic support for the SDGs). This goal predetermines the logic and structure of the book, which is comprised of five parts.Part I presents the authors'novel view of the global environmental economy under the conditions of climate change from the positions of the SDGs. It reflects the contradiction and describes the path of preserving economic growth during the implementation of SDG 13. The COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis are considered as the result of the reduction of biodiversity under the conditions of climate change from the positions of SDG 3. Responsible innovations, eco-friendly products, and green trade are presented as trends of the environmental economy under the conditions of climate change to support SDG 12. Green jobs are analyzed in the environmental economy under the conditions of climate change during the implementation of SDG 8. The significance of social inclusivity and reduction of the inequality of the environmental economy under the conditions of climate change to support SDG 10 is noted.Part II elaborates on the sectoral specifics of the influence of climate change on the environmental economy: energetics, finance, industry, state management, and agriculture. Part III presents and discusses the international experience of development of the environmental economy under the conditions of climate change given the specifics of developed and developing countries and based on the case experience of Central Asia, the EAEU, and Russia.In Part IV, technological transition (Fourth Industrial Revolution) is offered as a perspective response of the global economic policy to climate change. Scenarios of the fight against climate change in the Decade of Action depending on the scale of the technological transition are described: digital economy vs Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0. The perspectives of the technological transition at the level of companies (creation of cyber-physical systems of Industry 4.0; green digital innovations and smart ESG finance) and regions (smart region as a socio-economic environment with large adaptability to climate change) are described.

This book investigates factors that contribute to the development of an efficient financial sector in Ghana. While sustainable finance has long been known to propel economic growth and development, and while many African countries have taken initiatives to develop integrated frameworks of their financial sectors that tackle developmental challenges, scholars and policymakers have always grappled with understanding of factors that enhance performance of the financial sector. In this book, an expert team of authors examines the financial landscape, central bank policies, competition, financial innovation, financial inclusion and banking stability in Ghana, while also exploring how financing models such as enterprise finance and microfinance can be more effective in sustaining financial markets. The authors discuss how Ghana can build fortified institutions, regulatory frameworks, and productive capacity to strengthen the financial sector and foster pathways that will enhance economicdevelopment. Empirical and scientific evidence give this book a unique approach that is both qualitative and quantitative.

Given the potential size of some of the markets involved and the comparative advantages in serving them, it is surprising to see a relative sparsity of airline activity in developing countries. Lack of suitable data, limited interest, and the comparatively small scale of aviation markets in many of these countries provide some of the explanations for this relative neglect. Airlines and Developing Countries works to address some of the key challenges that are confronting airlines and public policy makers, helping to fill a number of voids in our knowledge. The approaches of the various expert contributors offer a range of technical, empirical, historical, and institutional analyses that consider long-term patterns of economic development and look at how airlines have influenced this going back as far as the 1930s.

This proceedings volume contains papers accepted by the 2022 International Conference on Business and Policy Studies (CONF-BPS 2022), which are carefully selected and reviewed by professional reviewers from corresponding research fields and the editorial team of the conference. This volume presents latest research achievements, inspirations, and applications in applied economy, finance, enterprise management, public administration, and policy studies. CONF-BPS hopes this volume could be inspiring and of academic value.Business and policy studies both are heated research topics and are related to multiple fields. Held by Eliwise Academy, CONF-BPS aims at bringing together intellectuals from related fields including applied economy, finance, and public administration for academic exchange. Its goal is to serve as an international platform for researchers to present latest research progress, share ideas and inspirations, and exchange experience. Through more academic communication and exchange, this conference hops to promote international corporation and joint initiatives in relevant fields. This volume will be of interest to researchers, academics, professionals, and policy makers in the field of business, economics, management, and policy studies.

This book considers the theme of capital markets prowess and its link with surrounding economic dexterity. It presents the story on the back of dual intertwined cornerstone pillars: The initial agenda sets the global macroeconomic context and its interplay with financial markets and sub-segment capital markets. Then the book moves to the evolvement of the inherent capital markets, from nascence to present day, and through profiling of the current operating surroundings. The latter pillar performs empirical research built upon Eugene Fama's weak form efficiency theorem with statistical testing results further framing the comprehensive findings on five selected southeast European developing capital markets. Jointly the two parts present the first such well-documented capital markets set up complemented by wide-ranging empirical findings of inefficiency. The book introduces at first the global perspective, in which the growing globalization in the past decades has led toimproved efficiencies, to faster innovation, and to greater systemic connectedness and meaningfully so by an increasing contribution from transitioning economies. Nevertheless, in higher systemic concentration there is an implied higher volatility risk and evidence has revealed dichotomous reaction through divergence in impact between the developed and the developing economies. The capital markets industry is at the forefront of financial innovation and many aspects in its function and power are a determining factor in wider socio-economic progress. The findings uncover details of market structure and role and with that this work creates significant new knowledge on the industry, and will be of particular interest to investors, taxpayers, academics, researchers, and policy makers of capital markets.

Oil fuels the global economy and remains a staple of our energy system. Yet, its production and use continue to draw negative criticism, and an increasing number of people want to reduce or eliminate its use altogether. Profits and Power sheds light on how the oil system works, its key players, and the political and geopolitical issues related to its use. Starting in the second half of the nineteenth century, the book traces the fascinating history of how oil production and its sale became the world's most profitable business. Tracing distinct eras in oil's past, Profits and Power shows how periods defined by shifts in price often dictated who controlled production, and who enjoyed the often enormous riches oil production generated. David A. Detomasi weaves together politics, geopolitics, and economics to provide a complete picture of how the system really works, and what direction it will take in the future. As the world becomes increasingly aware of the dangers and challenges oil dependency creates, knowledge of this crucial commodity has never been more relevant and critical for humanity's future. Profits and Power will resonate with anyone interested in, or charged with responding to, our evolving energy future.

First James Lovelock, and recently Prince William and David Attenborough believe that we have reached a tipping point in the process of climate change. Whether they are right or not, it is certainly true that the impact of humankind upon the ecology of the earth has reached a point where real changes in human behaviour are required. If managers are to be enablers of planetary survival then we need to develop a new approach to risk, which explicitly includes ecological limits upon economic behaviour. This implies a fundamental reorientation of their role in allocating resources to minimise risk and maximise reward.This book brings together some of the brightest contemporary thinkers on leadership, complexity and sustainability to consider the big ideas that we will need to make the changes required, and to outline the major themes that can inform a new approach to constructing a green world. It looks at how to ensure that local models of sustainability are able to flourish in the context of global networks and presents specific case studies of markets and organisations that offer insights into the development integrated solutions and the leadership lessons we can learn. Combining both theory and practice, this book serves to guide business managers and provides deeper insight and critical perspectives on some of the key issues facing leaders moving towards the green economy. It also provides useful supplementary reading for students in business and environmental studies.

A comprehensive study of the growth, potential, and limits of transnational eco-certification in China and the implications for other emerging economies.China has long prioritized economic growth over environmental protection. But in recent years, the country has become a global leader in the fight to save the planet by promoting clean energy, cutting air and water pollution, and developing a system of green finance. In Certifying China, Yixian Sun explores the potential and limits of transnational eco-certification in moving the world's most populous country toward sustainable consumption and production. He identifies the forces that drive companies from three sectors—seafood, palm oil, and tea—to embrace eco-certification. The success of eco-certification, he says, will depend on the extent to which it wins the support of domestic actors in fast-growing emerging economies. The assumption of eco-certification is that demand along the supply chain can drive businesses to adopt good practices for social, environmental, and economic sustainability by specifying rules for production, third-party verification, and product labeling. Through case studies drawn from extensive fieldwork and mixed methods, Sun traces the processes by which certification programs originating from the Global North were introduced in China and gradually gained traction. He finds that the rise of eco-certification in the Chinese market is mainly driven by state actors, including government-sponsored industry associations, who seek benefits of transnational governance for their own development goals. The book challenges the conventional wisdom that the Chinese state has little interest in supporting transnational governance, offering novel insights into the interaction between state and non-state actors in earth system governance in emerging economies.