Search

Since the early 2000s, Japan has been frequently noted as being the only country among about 20 major countries where the publication of academic papers has stagnated. During this period, there have been major changes especially with regards to the Japanese pharmacy schools, such as the shift to a six-year schooling system and the rapid increase in the number of private pharmacy schools. However, few studies have focused on academic productivity specifically among pharmacy schools. Therefore, this study analyzed the outputs associated with the publication of peer-reviewed scholarly articles in Scopus search engine per faculty member in pharmacy schools nationwide in 2020. Professors, associate professors, and lecturers were considered as faculty members. The average number of papers published per the faculty member was 3.13 for national and public universities and 1.15 for private universities, with a significant difference between these universities. Dividing the pharmacy schools of private universities into schools established in and after 2003 and schools established before that, the production coefficient of the former was 0.98 and that of the latter was 1.33. Newly established pharmacy schools were thus found to be slightly less productive in terms of published papers than traditional schools. The paper productivity of private university pharmacy schools is stagnant; the increase in the number of private schools that have adopted a six-year schooling system has contributed to large extent to the creation of clinically competent pharmacists, but it has also brought to light concerns related to the decline in basic research capabilities of Japanese pharmaceutical academia.

In order to publish good research papers from Japan, it is necessary to conduct good (i.e., meaningful) research, obtain good (i.e., meaningful) results, and write good manuscripts that convey the significance of research. In particular, when aiming for publication in an English medical journal, the manuscript should be written in correct and accurate English, which is a major challenge for authors who are non-native speakers of English, such as those from Japan. At the same time, to ensure that the manuscript is a "good paper," attention should also be paid to elements other than language. To write a paper that will be accepted by reliable medical journals, including top-ranked ones, the content should be appropriately written according to the requirements based on international standards, such as the reporting guidelines endorsed by the EQUATOR Network and the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors; this is a common challenge not only for Japanese authors but for authors around the world. Medical writers are professionals who improve the quality of manuscripts and facilitate the publication of research. Based on my own expertise and experience as a medical writer for 20 years in supporting clinical research, I would like to describe the steps I think should be followed to produce good manuscripts. I would also like to focus on the importance of education and of collaboration with professionals in writing and publishing research papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origin of the history of anesthesia in Japan dates back to 1804 when Seishu Hanaoka administered the first general anesthesia for breast cancer surgery; however, academic anesthesiology was not established in Japan until Meyer Saklad, a member of the Unitar- ian Service Committee medical mission, introduced modern anesthesiology in 1950 into the country. Therefore, it is rational that there was no study of the history of anesthesiology before 1950 in Japan. It was after the mid-1980's that papers in English of the his- torical study of the specialty appeared in journals. A total of 21 papers on the subjects were reviewed.

Copyright of Journal of the Japan Society of Publishing Studies is the property of Japan Society of Publishing Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article describes a two-page response written by a translator in 1721, in which a reply is given regarding an inquiry made on October 5 to a Chinese person related to the cultivation of 12 medicinal plant species imported to Japan from China. One page, dated October 7, describes the cultivation method for seven species and the other page, dated October 10, describes the cultivation method for the other five species. These plants were imported to Japan for the purpose of domestic propagation as important materials for Chinese medicine at the Jyuzengi Medicinal Plant Garden in Nagasaki, and some of them were apparently sent to Koishikawa Medicinal Plant Garden in Edo (Tokyo). This is a historical document concerning when and which plants were imported for cultivation.

To elucidate the present condition about health, medicine and welfare, and to evaluate factors associated with relief for elderly life in each community, a questionnaire survey was conducted among officers of all the municipalities in Japan. We asked officers about their recognition whether older people can live feeling relieved or not, and other factors about health, medicine and welfare condition in each municipality. Demographic data of each municipality were also used as dependent variables. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for the officers' evaluation of relief for life of the elderly were calculated using unconditional logistic models. Of the 3.252 municipalities, 3,059 (94%) responded to the survey. Of the respondents, 2,957 municipalities (91%) answered questions about relief for elderly life. "Receiving satisfactory medical home care service", "cooperative function between medicine, health, and welfare sections", and "receiving complete welfare service" were associated with their recognition about relief for elderly life in both of cities and rural towns. In addition, "the rate of elderly households" and "the easiness to maintain nursing staff" were associated in the cities. This study indicated that more arrangements are needed not only about health and welfare aspects, but also about medical service, especially medical home care service systems to support older peoples' life in the community.

The beginning of modern anesthesiology in Japan dates back to 1950 when Dr M. Saklad of Rhode Island Hospital came to Japan to give his lectures on endotracheal anesthesia and related procedures. Since then, many Japanese surgeons visited the United States to learn anesthesiology in depth and they began to write their papers for foreign journals. According to my survey of the journal "Anesthesiology" from Vol 1 (1940) through Vol 21 (1960), I found 12 scientific papers written by Japanese. The first paper by Japanese appeared in this journal published in 1955 entitled as "Observations on the action of thiopental (Pentothal) on the laryngeal reflex" by Akira Horita et al. He was born in the United States in 1928 as a son of Japanese immigrants. He was graduated from the University of Washington at Seattle to become professor or pharmacology. The first paper based on studies performed in Japan by Japanese authors appeared in 1956. It was entitled as "The spread of drugs used for spinal anesthesia" by Kitahara et al. This paper is the English translation of their Japanese paper which appeared in Nippon Rinsho Geka Ikai Zasshi entitled as "Basic Study on Spinal Anesthesia in 1953".

In the Edo era, paper was useful as the most suitable packaging materials for carrying medicines. It was considered that the wrapping paper protected medicines from an imaginary gaseous medium "ki", which meant atmospheric moisture in this case. Also brand name and indications of medicines were printed on the wrapping paper for taking a medicine correctly. In the 18th century, wrapping paper for medicine was produced. It was specially processed for wrapping medicines only, and it was called "yakutaishi" in Japanese.

Copyright of Socio-Economic History / Shakai-Keizai Shigaku is the property of Socio-Economic History Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With regard to deformity of the fingers (chiefly Heberden's nodes) frequently occurring in Japan among workers preparing school lunches, an epidemiological study was carried out with a suspicion that this deformity might be an occupational disease. We studied the deformity of fingers among woman employees of a papermaking mill (262 mill workers in comparison with 108 office workers) who excessively use their fingers on the job like workers preparing school lunches. The results of this study showed that the number of mill workers suffering from deformity of the fingers (chiefly Heberden's nodes) was significantly (p less than 0.01) greater than that of office workers. Genetic factor, aging factor and mechanical factor have been cited as the etiological factors for the development of Heberden's nodes. However, our findings suggest that mechanical factor is a more important rather than the genetic or aging factor. As for mechanical factor, we have proposed for the first time that repetition of strong and precise pinching movement with the use of all fingers of both hands is an important factor.

Publication is a means of communicating one's research. The word publication is derived from the Latin, "publicare," meaning "to make public". Articles reporting clinical research/trials are used as evidence to make treatment decisions to improve patient health. Therefore, it is imperative that such publications adhere to publication ethics. Major biomedical journals are tightening their submission rules to ensure the transparency of clinical research/ trials and associated articles. Of the scientific publications covered by Medline, 95% are in English. Thus, it is essential to comply with the ever-changing international standards for publication, including clinical trial disclosures. When preparing to submit a medical research manuscript, the authors encounter various practical issues requiring ethically correct decisions and timely responses. Therefore, pharmaceutical companies assign a person with expertise in ethics, publication management and planning to ensure ethical practice. Some hire medical writers to assist authors. However, although publication is vital in academia, as represented by the words "Publish or perish", manuscript preparation is often left to individual busy researchers without sufficient support. Employing publication specialists could be an option to increase the number of clinical research papers in English by Japanese researchers while ensuring adherence to publication ethics. However, comprehensive ethical training and resource allocation are prerequisites for creating an environment conducive to success in academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document shows the layout for manuscripts to be submitted to the journal of the Japan research association for textile end-uses written in Japanese. Since final images will be made based on the manuscripts prepared by Microsoft Word, authors must follow this document in detail. Authors also must beprepare manuscripts according tothe instruction for the preparation of the journal. Final images might be different from the layout produced by the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to discuss the implementation and importance about the multinomial logit model of Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort analysis. Since the design matrix of three factors does not become full rank due to the identification problem derived from linear dependency between age, period and cohort, few studies have used a complex model. In contrast, this paper presents the practical multinomial logit model with efficient sampling by reparameterization about the constraints of assuming a random walk for each effect. Furthermore, we compared the estimates of the logit model and the multidimensional model about political issues that should be considered from multiple perspectives. Using repeated cross-sectional survey in Japan from 1973 to 2013, the multinomial logit model was shown to be effective because it was able to obtain a trend that were not captured in the logit model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Japanese Journal of Education & Welfare on Snoezelen is the property of INSA Japan Snoezelen Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper postulates a user-restriction policy for tourism to maintain SDGs at underpopulated destinations using a real-option framework. The sharp decline in tourism caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has forced many tourism related businesses to go out of business in Japan. Our paper is even more important because the post-pandemic tourists may well reduced the amenity level of under-populated destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environment surrounding Japanese corporate pension and retirement benefit accounting has been rapidly diversifying in recent years. The qualified retirement pension system, which has supported the corporate pension system for many years, was abolished at the end of March 2012. In addition, the other welfare pension fund system has also been reformed with a view to abolishing it in the future. These rapid changes in the environment require business owners to make important choices regarding company performance and employee benefits. For example, it is a decision to shift to a defined contribution pension plan or a defined benefit pension plan, or to abolish or dissolve it. There are already many studies on the defined contribution pension plan system and cash balance pension plan in Japan, including research in the United States. However, it is hard to say that much research on the qualified retirement pension system and the welfare pension fund system has been accumulated. Therefore, in this paper, we are trying to analyze the system and empirical analysis of the welfare pension fund system that is scheduled to be abolished. In the factor analysis regarding the abolition of the welfare pension fund, we will consider in detail by hypothesis setting and estimation formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Japan, the increasing trend of delayed marriage and inclusion of infertility treatments into insurance coverage have led to a significant need to develop comprehensive treatment plans which incorporate dental interventions commencing prior to the initiation of infertility treatments. This study is aimed to highlight a holistic approach taking into account the various stages of pregnancy, childbirth, and childcare, and the evolving health status of patients while planning infertility treatment procedures, by establishing an effective interdisciplinary collaboration between medical and dental practitioners. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because in the prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals undergoing fertility treatments, pregnant and lactating women exhibit a notable propensity for heightened anxieties, including substantial concerns regarding oral health-related problems and dental procedures, which need to be addressed thoroughly. Further, we believe that this paper will be of interest to the readership of your journal because our study findings will benefit the patients and doctors alike in devising effective treatment protocols for successful outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinusa nippon Nagasawa (Isopoda: Cymothoidae), a marine parasite infesting the buccal cavities of coastal puffers, is newly recorded from the Pacific coasts of central Japan. A pair consisting of a mature female and mature male, and six mancae and a juvenile, were collected from reared vermiculated puffer, Takifugu snyderi (Abe) (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae), in an aquarium and a museum, respectively. The present paper provides a description of the morphological characters of these cymothoids, including their immature stages, and molecular analysis using 16S rRNA for C. nippon and related species. In the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree, C. nippon was included in the clade of Ceratothoa Dana and corresponds to Ceratothoa sp. 2 reported in another study. These suggest that the relationship between Cinusa Schioedte and Meinert and Ceratothoa needs to be re-examined. Furthermore, the morphological study showed that these cymothoid mancae are similar to Manca type 2 known from zoo-plankton, provided in one of our previous reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Oceanography of Japan / Umi no Kenkyū is the property of Oceanographic Society of Japan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One out of two sunset yellow FCF aluminum lakes (Y-5Als) did not comply with the specifications in JSFA-VII in the official inspection of tar colors in fiscal year 2000. A sub-spot was detected in the paper chromatography test. This rejected sample was analyzed by HPLC for the subsidiary color, raw materials and intermEdiates in Y-5. The sub-spot was identified as sulfanilic acid azo R salt color, and its content was estimated at 4.5% as the content of Y-5 in Y-5Al being 100.0%.

One of the sunset yellow FCFs (Y-5) in the official inspection of coal-tar dyes in 1998 was rejected. The results of tests of the rejected sample were submitted to JSFA-VI except for a sub-spot by paper chromatography. HPLC of the raw materials, intermediates, and subsidiary dyes according to JSFA-VII was performed on the rejected and submitted samples of Y-5. The sub-spot in the rejected sample was identified as sulfanilic acid-azo-R salt, and its content was estimated at more than 5%.

This paper discusses the reconstruction progress and future of local communities in tsunamiaffected areas after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Mental problems have been cited as a long-term issue affecting victims in the areas. At the same time, these areas have also seen the withdrawal of supporters. These withdrawals are unavoidable as reconstruction progresses because most of the supporters come from outside the region. Therefore, the local communities must build a foundation to support victims' lives. Thus, we must ask, what kind of process has been followed? I would like to focus on the loss and regaining process of "ikigai" (=the reason for existence) of victims, based on the contents of my book, The Sociology of Post-Earthquake Reconstruction and of the reason for existence. This paper will discuss three cases in Iwanuma City and Watari Town. In the case of farmers in Iwanuma, the damage caused by the tsunami and the reconstruction policies of building "strong agriculture" changed the area's industrial structure. Most elderly farmers accepted the policies and decided to retire, but were troubled by the loss of their daily habits, and having "nothing to do." To overcome this, they restarted farming as a way of life, which was opposite to the planned policy. However, not all victims could address loss of livelihood by themselves, therefore, the support activities conducted by non-profit groups (NPOs) were successful. The "Healthy Agriculture" program in Watari provided an opportunity to overcome the loss of the way of life. However, when supporters withdrew in 2016, after 5 years from the disaster, the continuation of the activities became problematic. Another NPO led by residents then took over, and a sense of community was created among the inland and coastal residents, who had little to do with each other before. Based on these results, I would like to suggest discussion themes for future research on regions and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes unsteady and inconsistent policymaking against COVID-19 in Japan. It also tries to draw lessons from its initial experiences to develop epidemic preparations against radically new infectious diseases. After briefly reviewing concepts of public health, and legal and administrative pandemic preparations in Japan, it points out two shortcomings in Japanese responses against COVID-19 in 2020: insufficient consideration on scale of responses necessary for massive epidemic and reluctancy to face lack of sufficient knowledge or incompetency in providing evidence-informed policy at the beginning of epidemic. The paper focuses on the latter point and argues that we need to weave unsteadiness into public health preparedness against radically new infectious diseases by introducing the following four planned actions: recognition of intrinsic uncertainty in policy making at the initial period of such epidemics, preparation for effective and rapid development of scientific knowledge to convert uncertainty into measurable risks, scientifically competent organization for collecting, synthesizing, and distributing new knowledge, and development of human resources for such activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environment surrounding Japanese corporate pension and retirement benefit accounting has been rapidly diversifying in recent years. The qualified retirement pension system, which has supported the corporate pension system for many years, was abolished at the end of March 2012. In addition, the other welfare pension fund system has also been reformed with a view to abolishing it in the future. These rapid changes in the environment require business owners to make important choices regarding company performance and employee benefits. For example, it is a decision to shift to a defined contribution pension plan or a defined benefit pension plan, or to abolish or dissolve it. There are already many studies on the defined contribution pension plan system and cash balance pension plan in Japan, including research in the United States. However, it is hard to say that much research on the qualified retirement pension system and the welfare pension fund system has been accumulated. Therefore, in this paper, we are trying to analyze the system and empirical analysis of the welfare pension fund system that is scheduled to be abolished. In the factor analysis regarding the abolition of the welfare pension fund, we will consider in detail by hypothesis setting and estimation formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The status of 37 species of breeding seabirds in Japan has been reported by Hasegawa(1984). However, since then, no report has been made. The author was involved in the launch of seabird monitoring for the Monitoring site 1000 project by the Ministry of the Environment in 2004. In the over 15 years since then, population and habitat have been surveyed in 30 major breeding areas, including 80 islands and islets in Japan. In this paper, the previous studies including reports based on this project and the seabird colony database were reviewed. The populations of many species at various islands declined, possibly because of introduced predators and human disturbance. The nesting habitats of most of the seabird breeding areas had deteriorated. Therefore, the continuous monitoring of the change of the population and nesting habitat and quick operation of appropriate conservation measures, eradication of introduced predators and redacation of human disturbance)are required. In this paper, 1)distribution of seabirds, 2)monitoring seabird survey, 3)current status, 4)introduced predators, and 5)conservation activities are summarized. Further 1)necessity of long-term monitoring of seabirds, 2)extermination of introduced predators, 3)reduction of anthropogenic disturbances, and 4)issues of conservation measures are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Records Management: Journal of the Records Management Society of Japan is the property of Records Management Society of Japan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)