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This book presents a brief history of papermaking followed by comments regarding wood as a source of fibers, including its chemical and anatomical characteristics and the influence of these aspects on the quality of the pulp produced. In addition, the author describes the effects of the pulping process, mainly a chemical process, on pulp quality and how these wood characteristics influence both the refining process as the quality of the final paper. The book further provides a broad discussion, based on experimental results, on the contribution of the main operating refining variables and the main strategies that can be used industrially to optimize the operating results. From this evaluation, the parameter that complements the specific edge load theory is identified. This parameter is related to the retention time of the fiber flocs inside the refiner.

This book includes original, peer-reviewed research papers from the 14th China Academic Conference on Printing and Packaging (CACPP 2023), held in Beijing, China on November 24-26, 2023. The proceedings cover the latest findings in color science and technology, image processing technology, digital media technology, mechanical and electronic engineering and numerical control, materials and detection, printing and packaging technology, and so on. As such, the book is of interest to university researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students in the fields of color science, image science, materials science, computer science, digital media, network technology, smart manufacturing technology and printing and packaging.

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 11th Asia Conference on Mechanical and Materials Engineering (ACMME 2023)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 11th Asia Conference on Mechanical and Materials Engineering (ACMME 2023), June 8-11, 2023, Sapporo, Japan

This book focuses on selected aspects of the current and upcoming trends in mechanical engineering and applied composite materials. In detail, the included scientific papers present the study of applied composite materials to advance the research and application of mechanical behaviors, manufacturing techniques, and structural applications. These cutting-edge research papers help in developing innovative composite solutions, and address challenges in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering. The collaboration between mechanical engineering and applied composite materials in the research leads to advancements in material science, manufacturing methods, and structural design principles. This book is the documentation of the 6th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Applied Composite Materials (MEACM2023), which took place in Sanya, China, on December 28-29, 2023.

The book presents the scientific history of the early days of fuel cells (1838 to 1845). The fuel cell effect was discovered by the Swiss scientist Christian Friedrich Schoenbein. while the English lawyer and scientist William Robert Grove perfected the idea into a working power source. But around 1870 Siemens invented the power generator and electricity was produced by rotating shafts of water wheels, engines and turbines. The book presents for the first time the complete communication between C. F. Schoenbein and R. W. Grove (1838 to 1868). Also, the original analysis based on the physical understanding of 1850 has also been revised and corrected. The updated fuel cell analysis leads to full agreement between theory and experiment.Updated and corrected fuel cell theoryHistoric review of discovery of fuel cell effect and early development of fuel cell generatorsComplete correspondence between Schoenbein and Grove from 1838 to 1868 (first publication)

The Magnesium Technology Symposium at the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition is one of the largest yearly gatherings of magnesium specialists in the world. Papers represent all aspects of the field, ranging from primary production to applications and recycling. Moreover, papers explore everything from basic research findings to industrialization. Magnesium Technology 2024 is a definitive reference that covers a broad spectrum of current topics, including novel extraction techniques; primary production; alloys and their production; integrated computational materials engineering; thermodynamics and kinetics; plasticity mechanisms; cast products and processing; wrought products and processing; forming, joining, and machining; corrosion and surface finishing; fatigue and fracture; dynamic response; structural applications; degradation and biomedical applications; emerging applications; additive manufacturing of powders; and recycling, ecological issues, and life cycle analysis.

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 2nd Silpakorn International Conference on Total Art and Science (SICTAS 2023) jointly with the 3rd International Conference on Engineering and Industrial Technology (ICEIT 2023)

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 10th International Conference on Mechanics, Materials and Manufacturing (ICMMM 2023)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 10th International Conference on Mechanics, Materials and Manufacturing (ICMMM 2023), August 18-20, 2023, Washington, D.C., USA

This book is a must-read for those interested in the aging phenomenon of materials used in new energy systems, such as photovoltaic and electric vehicles. It provides a fundamental framework for this topic and important basic data and references for insulation materials used in these systems. It covers the aging of photovoltaic systems installed in different environments, including space, as well as the aging of the discharge present in the drive motors of electric vehicles. This book is suitable for researchers and students interested in green energy systems and can be used for teaching, research, and science popularization.

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 9th International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology (ICAET 2023)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 2023 9th International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology (ICAET 2023), May 19-21, 2023, Incheon, South Korea

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the International Conference on Sustainable Engineering and Materials Development (ICSEMD 2023)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the International Conference on Sustainable Engineering and Materials Development (ICSEMD 2023), May 28-30, 2023, Waterloo, Canada

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 6th International Conference on Advanced Materials Science (ICoAMS 2023)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 6th International Conference on Advanced Materials Science (ICoAMS 2023), August 23-24, 2023, Surakarta, Indonesia

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 6th International Conference on Science and Engineering (ICSE 2023)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 6th International Conference on Science and Engineering (ICSE 2023), August 07-09, 2023, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the International Conference on Functional Materials for Energy and Manufacturing (ICFMEM2023)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the International Conference on Functional Materials for Energy and Manufacturing (ICFMEM2023), July 26, 2023, Kancheepuram, India

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 4th International Seminar on Fundamental and Application of Chemical Engineering (ISFAChE 2022)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 4th International Seminar on Fundamental and Application of Chemical Engineering (ISFAChE 2022), October 26-27, 2022, Surabaya, Indonesia (virtual)

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 22nd AUTEX World Textile Conference (AUTEX 2023)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 22nd AUTEX World Textile Conference (AUTEX 2023), June 26-28, 2023, Melbourne, Australia)

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 5th International Conference on Science and Technology Applications (ICoSTA 2023)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 5th International Conference on Science and Technology Applications (ICoSTA 2023), November 02, 2023, virtual

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 3rd International Conference on Applied Research and Engineering (ICARAE2023)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 3rd International Conference on Applied Research and Engineering (ICARAE2023), November 17-19, 2023, Cape Town, South Africa

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 7th International Conference'Non-Traditional Cement and Concrete'(NTCC2023)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 7th International Conference'Non-Traditional Cement and Concrete'(NTCC2023), June 25-28, 2023, Brno, Czech Republic

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Additive and Advanced Manufacturing, Inverse Problem Methodologies and Machine Learning and Data Science, Volume 4 of the Proceedings of the 2023 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the fourth volume of five from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of topics and includes papers in the following general technical research areas: AM Composites and Polymers Dynamic Behavior of Additively Manufactured Materials and Structures Joint Residual Stress and Additive Manufacturing ML for Material Model Identification Novel AM Structures Novel Processing and Testing of Additively Manufactured Materials Plasticity and Complex Material Behavior Virtual Fields Method

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals from primary and secondary materials and residues as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. The collection covers the extraction of less common or minor metals including elements such as antimony, bismuth, barium, beryllium, boron, calcium, chromium, gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, manganese, molybdenum, platinum group metals, rare earth metals, rhenium, scandium, selenium, sodium, strontium, tantalum, tellurium, and tungsten. It also includes rare metals of low-tonnage sales compared to high-tonnage metals (iron, copper, nickel, lead, tin, zinc, or light metals such as aluminum, magnesium, or titanium and electronic metalloid silicon). Rare metal processing covers bio-metallurgy, hydro-metallurgy, and electro-metallurgy while novel high-temperature processes such as microwave heating, solar-thermal reaction synthesis, and cold crucible synthesis of rare metals are also addressed. Also included in this collection is the design of extraction equipment used in these processes from suppliers as well as laboratory and pilot plant studies.

Innovation Towards Empathy in Architecture and DesignSpecial topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Biopolymer and Biopolymer Blends: Fundamentals, Processes, and Emerging Applications showcases the potential of biopolymers as alternative sources to conventional nonbiodegradable petroleum-based polymers. It discusses fundamentals of biopolymers and biopolymer blends from natural and synthetic sources, synthesis, and characterization. It also describes development of desired performance for specific applications in 3D printing and other emerging applications in industry, including packaging, pulp and paper, agriculture, biomedical, and marine. Introduces the fundamentals, synthesis, processing, and structural and functional properties of biopolymers and biopolymer blends Explains the fundamental framework of biopolymer blends in 3D printing, featuring current technologies, printing materials, and commercialization of biopolymers in 3D printing Reviews emerging applications, including active food packaging, electronic, antimicrobial, environmental, and more Discusses current challenges and futures prospects. Providing readers with a detailed overview of the latest advances in the field and a wealth of applications, this work will appeal to researchers in materials science and engineering, biotechnology, and related disciplines.

This book presents the proceedings of the ‘3rd International Conference on Advanced Surface Enhancement', INCASE 2023. It compiles the papers presented by researchers in surface engineering field at INCASE 2023 conference. The book presents a comprehensive review of the state of the art in surface engineering-related techniques and strategies, with a focus towards sustainability. The main topics include ‘Advanced techniques for surface engineering towards enhanced performance', ‘Surface and sub-surface characterisation', ‘Simulation and modelling of surface integrity', ‘Advanced coating materials design synthesis and industry applications', and ‘Emerging trends in surface engineering'. The book identifies the gaps between research and manufacturing and promotes sustainable approaches towards development of surface engineering solutions for adoption by industry. The book is useful for researchers, scientists, students, and engineers working in the field of surface engineering.

Sustainable materials science and engineering is one of the important characteristics of the existing high-tech revolution. The advances of materials science pave way for technical advancements in materials science and industrial technologies throughout the world. Materials are regarded as critical component in all emerging industries. Exquisite preparation and manufacturing must be carried out before a new material may be used. Nevertheless, electronic materials are undeniably important in many aspects of life. Smart materials and structures is a multi-disciplinary platform dedicated to technical advances in smart materials, systems and structures, including intelligent materials, sensing and actuation, adaptive structures, and active control. Recently, sustainable materials and technologies reshape the electronics industry to build realistic applications. At present, without the impact of sustainability, the electronics industry faces challenges. Researchers are now more focused on understanding the fundamental science of nano, micro, and macro-scale aspects of materials and technologies for sustainable development with a special attention toward reducing the knowledge gap between materials and system designs. The main aim of this international conference is to address the new trends on smart sustainable materials field for industrial and electronics applications. The main purpose of this conference is to assess the recent development in the applied science involving research activity from micro- to macro-scale aspects of materials and technologies for sustainable applications. In such a context, particular emphasis is given to research papers tailored in order to improve electronic and industrial applications and market extension of sustainable materials.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is defined as the simulation of human intelligence through the mimicking of the human brain for analysis, modeling, and decision‑making. Science and engineering problem solving requires modeling of physical phenomena, and humans approach the solution of scientific and engineering problems differently from other problems. Artificial Intelligence for Science and Engineering Applications addresses the unique differences in how AI should be developed and used in science and engineering. Through the inclusion of definitions and detailed examples, this book describes the actual and realistic requirements as well as what characteristics must be avoided for correct and successful science and engineering applications of AI.This book: Offers a brief history of AI and covers science and engineering applications Explores the modeling of physical phenomena using AI Discusses explainable AI (XAI) applications Covers the ethics of AI in science and engineering Features real‑world case studies Offering a probing view into the unique nature of scientific and engineering exploration, this book will be of interest to generalists and experts looking to expand their understanding of how AI can better tackle and advance technology and developments in scientific and engineering disciplines.

This collection presents papers from the 153rd Annual Meeting & Exhibition of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.

This book introduces the MagLev testing method for density measurement and density-based applications of diamagnetic and low-magnetic objects using permanent magnets. The book surveys the most relevant papers on the theory and model of various MagLev methods that have become the foundation to elucidate the principles of MagLev and the conditions for stable levitation. A thorough summary of the improvements demonstrates the applications and potential of the MagLev method in many fields. This book is separated into 11 chapters to present MagLev testing method fully, including a review of the background of MagLev, theories and basic principles of the stable levitation of object, different dimensions of applications of MagLev in the fields of mechanical engineering, chemistry, and bioengineering, and sophisticated applications of manipulation and separation. This book would benefit the audience in the field of mechanical engineering, chemistry, materials science,and bioengineering, since magnetic levitation method has proved itself suitable for the density-based analysis and applications of materials of different scales. The analysis in this book will help the audience deeply understand the mechanism of magnetic levitation, and it can serve as an instruction for the magnetic levitation procedure, or guidebook for the magnetic levitation setup. With the viewpoints and thoughts about MagLev running through this book, this book may spark the audience's interest towards magnetic levitation method, and enlighten them to further develop Maglev method.

This book, the proceedings of International Conference on Metal Material Processes and Manufacturing, is a comprehensive collection of research papers presented at a conference held on September 15-16, 2023 in Jeju Island, South Korea. The book serves as a valuable resource for academics, researchers, and professionals in the field of metal material processes and manufacturing. The book is organized into several chapters, each covering a different topic related to metal material processes and manufacturing. The chapters include: Fundamentals of Metallurgical Processes, Metallurgical Process Optimization, Metal Matrix Composites, Molten Metal Processing and Modeling. Overall, the proceedings of International Conference on Metal Material Processes and Manufacturing provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in the field of metal material processes and manufacturing. It is an essential resource for anyone interested in staying up-to-date with the latest developments in this rapidly evolving field.

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Innovative Approaches in Bridge EngineeringSelected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 29th International Conference Concrete Days 2023 (CD 2023), November 7-8, 2023, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 2nd International Scientific-Practical Conference'Machine Building and Energy: New Concepts and Technologies'(MBENCT 2023)

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Sustainable materials science and engineering is one of the important characteristics of the existing high-tech revolution. The advances of materials science pave way for technical advancements in materials science and industrial technologies throughout the world. Materials are regarded as critical component in all emerging industries. Exquisite preparation and manufacturing must be carried out before a new material may be used. Nevertheless, electronic materials are undeniably important in many aspects of life. Smart materials and structures is a multi-disciplinary platform dedicated to technical advances in smart materials, systems and structures, including intelligent materials, sensing and actuation, adaptive structures, and active control. Recently, sustainable materials and technologies reshape the electronics industry to build realistic applications. At present, without the impact of sustainability, the electronics industry faces challenges. Researchers are now more focused on understanding the fundamental science of nano, micro, and macro-scale aspects of materials and technologies for sustainable development with a special attention toward reducing the knowledge gap between materials and system designs. The main aim of this international conference is to address the new trends on smart sustainable materials field for industrial and electronics applications. The main purpose of this conference is to assess the recent development in the applied science involving research activity from micro- to macro-scale aspects of materials and technologies for sustainable applications. In such a context, particular emphasis is given to research papers tailored in order to improve electronic and industrial applications and market extension of sustainable materials.

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

This book highlights the latest advances in advanced insulating materials. Energy crisis and environmental pollution are two major themes currently faced by the human society. It is of unprecedented strategic importance to construct a strong smart grid with super/ultra-high voltage network as the backbone and clean energy transmission as the leading force. However, the performance of electrical equipment and devices is greatly determined by the properties of their insulating materials, especially when they have to work in extreme circumstances including high-temperature differences, intense radiation, and strong electric fields. The key advantage of polymers is that their properties could be adjusted by changing their chemical composition and molecular structure. Research on polymer insulating materials has been highly successful as progress has been made in characterizing these properties, designing molecular structures, and studying polymers'specialized properties. On the other hand, nanodielectrics are prepared by adding certain nanoscale fillers into a polymer matrix to yield better electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. When the particle pretreatment methods and the content or category of fillers are adjusted, nanodielectrics tend to have greater breakdown strength as well as better high-temperature resistance and space charge suppression. Therefore, this book covers investigations of properties of insulating materials that explore their interface effects and composite structures and introduces findings in methods that improve the performance of electrical devices. The book is not only used as a timely reference for engineering and technical personnel in related fields but also as a comprehensive textbook for college students.

This book is a collection of papers presented at the 14th International Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Materials (ICM-14) held in Santiago, Chile, July 12–14, 2023. The mechanical properties of materials play a critical role in industrial and economic development. Advances in this field present significant challenges for current researchers in both industry and academia. The topics covered include mechanics of materials at the nano- and macro-scale, including metals, composites, ceramics, computational mechanics, dynamics, material processing, optimization, and biomechanics. The scope of materials of interest includes both industrial materials and those under development or used in specific applications. Some specific subjects include general mechanical behavior and constitutive models, mathematical modeling of materials, nano- and micro-mechanics, plasticity, computational mechanics, computational materials design, optimization of structures and materials, multi-scale modeling, and various specific materials such as biomaterials, high-temperature materials, and composites.

Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1 of the Proceedings of the 2023 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the first volume of seven from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Experimental Mechanics, including papers on:Synchrotron Applications/Advanced Dynamic ImagingQuantitative Visualization of Dynamic EventsNovel Experimental TechniquesDynamic Behavior of GeomaterialsDynamic Failure & FragmentationDynamic Response of Low Impedance MaterialsHybrid Experimental/Computational StudiesShock and Blast LoadingAdvances in Material ModelingIndustrial Applications

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the International Conference on Industrial Sciences, Engineering and Technology toward Digital Era 2023 (eICISET 2023)

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 2023 8th International Conference on Civil Engineering and Materials Science (ICCEMS 2023) and 2023 9th International Conference on Architecture, Materials and Construction (ICAMC 2023)