216,693 results
Search Results
2. Paper Heritage. Cultural, Economic, and Institutional Dimensions of the Circulation of Modern Literary Manuscripts
- Author
-
Tim Sommer
- Published
- 2023
3. Short Paper: Organizational Security: Implementing a Risk-Reduction-Based Incentivization Model for MFA Adoption
- Author
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L. Jean Camp, Sanchari Das, and Andrew Kim
- Subjects
Authentication ,Knowledge management ,Work (electrical) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Short paper ,Control (management) ,Organizational security ,Survey data collection ,Multi-factor authentication ,business ,Security awareness - Abstract
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is a useful measure for strengthening authentication. Despite its security effectiveness, the adoption of MFA tools remains low. To create more human-centric authentication solutions, we designed and evaluated the efficacy of a risk-reduction-based incentivization model and implemented our proposed model in a large-scale organization with more than 92, 025 employees, and collected survey data from 287 participants and interviewed 41 participants. We observed negative perceptions and degraded understandings of MFA technology due to the absence of proper risk and benefit communication in the control group. Meanwhile, the experimental group employees showed positive perceptions of MFA use for their work and personal accounts. Our analysis and implementation strategy are critical for reducing users’ risks, creating positive security tool usage experiences, and motivating users to enhance their security practices.
- Published
- 2021
4. Hostile Blockchain Takeovers (Short Paper)
- Author
-
Joseph Bonneau
- Subjects
Blockchain ,Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,05 social sciences ,Short paper ,Face (sociological concept) ,02 engineering and technology ,Adversary ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,0502 economics and business ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,computer ,Protocol (object-oriented programming) ,050203 business & management - Abstract
Most research modelling Bitcoin-style decentralised consensus protocols has assumed profit-motivated participants. Complementary to this analysis, we revisit the notion of attackers with an extrinsic motivation to disrupt the consensus process (Goldfinger attacks). We outline several routes for obtaining a majority of decision-making power in the consensus protocol (a hostile takeover). Our analysis suggests several fundamental differences between proof-of-work and proof-of-stake systems in the face of such an adversary.
- Published
- 2019
5. Paper Creative Limited v. Orient Star Transporting LLTD. et al
- Author
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Martin Davies and Jiang Lin
- Published
- 2022
6. China Shipping Container Lines Co., Ltd. v. Zhejiang Guangming Paper Co., Ltd. et al
- Author
-
Martin Davies and Jiang Lin
- Published
- 2022
7. White Paper on Joint Replacement
- Author
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Hans-Holger Bleß and Miriam Kip
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Joint replacement ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,MEDLINE ,Osteoarthritis ,medicine.disease ,Arthroplasty ,Hip arthroplasty ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,White paper ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,business ,Femoral neck - Abstract
This open access White Paper details the status of hip and knee arthroplasty care in Germany. Hip and knee replacements are amongst the most frequently performed procedures and usually become necessarily due to age-related wear of the joint, osteoarthritis and fractures of the femoral neck. In light of demographic change, demands with regard to standards of care and the procedures are likely to rise.
- Published
- 2018
8. Short Paper: Ballot Secrecy for Liquid Democracy
- Author
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Nan Yang, Jeremy Clark, and Mahdi Nejadgholi
- Subjects
Ballot ,Secret ballot ,Delegate ,Computer science ,Presumption ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Secrecy ,Direct democracy ,Voter fatigue ,Democracy ,Law and economics ,media_common - Abstract
Certain advances in election technology, such as online voting, promise to reduce the administrative overhead of running an election. This has breathed new life into the idea of direct democracy, where voters play a more active role in setting legislation. However it is anticipated that a steady stream of referendums would generate voter fatigue. To combat this fatigue, voters could be allowed to delegate their votes to other (more knowledgeable) voters. This idea is old but has been recently reinvented under the name liquid democracy. In this paper, we consider how ballot secrecy should be defined for liquid democracy. We first show that a natural definition of full secrecy leads to several undesirable outcomes. We then show that these are very difficult to address without enabling voter coercion and vote buying. The purpose of the paper is not to affirm liquid democracy; rather, it is to raise awareness of unseen complexity hiding under our initial presumption that liquid democracy could effortlessly support a secret ballot.
- Published
- 2021
9. Estimating Profitability of Alternative Cryptocurrencies (Short Paper)
- Author
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Danny Yuxing Huang, Kirill Levchenko, and Alex C. Snoeren
- Subjects
Market capitalization ,Cryptocurrency ,Opportunity cost ,Computer science ,Financial economics ,Short paper ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,Work (electrical) ,Digital currency ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Liberian dollar ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Profitability index - Abstract
Digital currencies have flourished in recent years, buoyed by the tremendous success of Bitcoin. These blockchain-based currencies, called altcoins, are associated with a few thousand to millions of dollars of market capitalization. Altcoins have attracted enthusiasts who enter the market by mining or buying them, but the risks and rewards could potentially be significant, especially when the market is volatile. In this work, we estimate the potential profitability of mining and speculating 18 altcoins using real-world blockchain and trade data. Using opportunity cost as a metric, we estimate the mining cost for an altcoin with respect to a more popular but stable coin. For every dollar invested in mining or buying a coin, we compute the potential returns under various conditions, such as time of market entry and hold positions. While some coins offer the potential for spectacular returns, many follow a simple bubble-and-crash scenario, which highlights the extreme risks—and potential gains—in altcoin markets.
- Published
- 2018
10. Attacks Against GSMA’s M2M Remote Provisioning (Short Paper)
- Author
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Ben Smyth, Elizabeth A. Quaglia, and Maxime Meyer
- Subjects
Subscriber identity module ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Service (systems architecture) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Short paper ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,020207 software engineering ,Provisioning ,02 engineering and technology ,Adversary ,law.invention ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Cellular network ,Architecture ,business ,Computer network - Abstract
GSMA is developing and standardizing specifications for embedded SIM cards with remote provisioning, called eUICCs, which are expected to revolutionize the cellular network subscription model. We study GSMA’s “Remote Provisioning Architecture for Embedded UICC” specification, which focuses on M2M devices, and we analyze the security of remote provisioning. Our analysis reveals weaknesses in the specification that would result in eUICCs being vulnerable to attacks: we demonstrate how a network adversary can exhaust an eUICC’s memory, and we identify three classes of attacks by malicious insiders that prevent service. We disclosed our findings to GSMA; GSMA confirmed the validity of these attacks and acknowledged their potential to disrupt the cellular industry. We propose fixes, which GSMA is incorporating into its specification. Thus, we improve security of next generation telecommunication networks.
- Published
- 2018
11. Geometric Figures on Grid Paper
- Author
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Heinz Klaus Strick
- Subjects
Discrete mathematics ,Computer science ,Grid - Abstract
In this chapter, we will first deal with rectangles on grid paper, which we will then modify step-by-step. Then we are going to explore an easy way of calculating the area of figures whose vertices lie on grid points.
- Published
- 2021
12. Short Paper: Debt Representation in UTXO Blockchains
- Author
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Michael Chiu and Uros Kalabic
- Subjects
Flexibility (engineering) ,Microeconomics ,Transparency (market) ,Loan ,Computer science ,Debt ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Aggregate (data warehouse) ,Scalability ,Reverse mortgage ,Representation (mathematics) ,media_common - Abstract
We provide a UTXO model of blockchain transactions that is able to represent both credit and debt on the same blockchain. Ordinarily, the UTXO model is solely used to represent credit and the representation of credit and debit together is achieved using the account model because of its support for balances. However, the UTXO model provides superior privacy, safety, and scalability when compared to the account model. In this work, we introduce a UTXO model that has the flexibility of balances with the usual benefits of the UTXO model. This model extends the conventional UTXO model, which represents credits as unmatched outputs, by representing debts as unmatched inputs. We apply our model to solving the problem of transparency in reverse mortgage markets, in which some transparency is necessary for a healthy market but complete transparency leads to adverse outcomes. Here the pseudonymous properties of the UTXO model protect the privacy of loan recipients while still allowing an aggregate view of the loan market. We present a prototype of our implementation in Tendermint and discuss the design and its benefits.
- Published
- 2021
13. Are Payment Card Contracts Unfair? (Short Paper)
- Author
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Steven J. Murdoch, Ingolf Becker, Ross Anderson, M. Angela Sasse, N Bohm, Gianluca Stringhini, Alice Hutchings, and Ruba Abu-Salma
- Subjects
060201 languages & linguistics ,Card security code ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Short paper ,Internet privacy ,Usability ,06 humanities and the arts ,02 engineering and technology ,Directive ,Test (assessment) ,Payment card ,0602 languages and literature ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Strong authentication ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Payment service provider ,business - Abstract
Fraud victims are often refused a refund by their bank on the grounds that they failed to comply with their bank’s terms and conditions about PIN safety. We, therefore, conducted a survey of how many PINs people have, and how they manage them. We found that while only a third of PINs are ever changed, almost half of bank customers write at least one PIN down. We also found bank conditions that are too vague to test, or even contradictory on whether PINs could be shared across cards. Yet, some hazardous practices are not forbidden by many banks: of the 22.9% who re-use PINs across devices, half also use their bank PINs on their mobile phones. We conclude that many bank contracts fail a simple test of reasonableness, and ‘strong authentication’, as required by the Payment Services Directive II, should include usability testing.
- Published
- 2017
14. Discrete Choice, Social Interaction, and Policy in Encryption Technology Adoption (Short Paper)
- Author
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David J. Pym, Christos Ioannidis, and Tristan Caulfield
- Subjects
Discrete choice ,Computer science ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Short paper ,Usability ,Technological evolution ,02 engineering and technology ,Encryption ,Social relation ,Lead (geology) ,Work (electrical) ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,0502 economics and business ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,050211 marketing ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,business - Abstract
We introduce a model for examining the factors that lead to the adoption of new encryption technologies. Building on the work of Brock and Durlauf, the model describes how agents make choices, in the presence of social interaction, between competing technologies given their relative cost, functionality, and usability. We apply the model to examples about the adoption of encryption in communication (email and messaging) and storage technologies (self-encrypting drives) and also consider our model’s predictions for the evolution of technology adoption over time.
- Published
- 2017
15. European Union Transport White Paper
- Author
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Josias Zietsman, Greg Marsden, Henrik Gudmundsson, and Ralph P. Hall
- Subjects
business.industry ,Political union ,Technical standard ,Context (language use) ,International trade ,White paper ,Political science ,European integration ,Sustainability ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,European union ,business ,Free trade ,media_common - Abstract
This case study examines the European Transport White Paper of 2011 as an example of a planning domain application. The European Union is an economic and political union of some 28 states in Europe. Some of the key premises of the European Union have been to open up markets to free trade within the region and to seek to harmonise technical standards, laws, and processes to facilitate the free movement of people and goods. It is interesting that sustainability is also emphasized as an overarching goal for all areas of European policy making. The European Union employs a wide range of assessment and monitoring mechanisms to track progress on the implementation and performance of policies in the transport area, which is seen as a keystone for the so-called Single European Market. These mechanisms clearly reflect tensions between the different goals and pose challenges for the interpretation of indicators on transportation trends. Also the sheer size and complexity of the Union raises challenges for the effective application of indicator based evidence. The chapter will place the indicator- and application rich example of the ex ante assessment of the European Transport Policy White Paper in the wider context European Union policy making.
- Published
- 2016
16. Water Recovery in the Paper Industry, Membranes for
- Author
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M. Concepcion Monte and Angeles Blanco
- Subjects
Membrane ,Chemistry ,Water recovery ,Pulp and paper industry - Published
- 2016
17. A Practical Guide to Writing (and Understanding) a Scientific Paper: Clinical Studies
- Author
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Pietro Randelli, Corrado Bait, Riccardo Compagnoni, Kristian Samuelsson, Alberto Grassi, Alessandra Menon, and Stefano Zaffagnini
- Subjects
Medical education ,Medical knowledge ,Process (engineering) ,education ,Psychology ,Patient care - Abstract
Writing a scientific paper is a relevant part of the activities of medical doctors and is increasingly important for the progress of medical knowledge. Clinical outcomes can only be improved through research, education, and patient care. All these experiences are shared with the global community, primarily through peer-reviewed research papers, systematic review articles, and meta-analyses. Considering that not that much time is spent on training medical students to write a research manuscript, it, however, appears to be an intimidating process for many medical doctors.
- Published
- 2019
18. How to Prepare a Paper Presentation?
- Author
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Timothy Lording and Jacques Menetrey
- Subjects
Structure (mathematical logic) ,Presentation ,Work (electrical) ,Anticipation (artificial intelligence) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Premise ,Engineering ethics ,Relevance (information retrieval) ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Presenting your paper at a meeting is an important part of sharing your research with the orthopaedic community. Presentations are generally short and sharp, and careful preparation is key to ensure that the premise, findings, and relevance of your work are successfully conveyed. For most conference papers, the structure will mirror that of a scientific manuscript, with an introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, and conclusions. Anticipation of potential questions will help to clarify your research for the audience.
- Published
- 2019
19. How to Review a Clinical Research Paper?
- Author
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Volker Musahl, Neel Patel, Marco Yeung, and Kanto Nagai
- Subjects
Clinical Practice ,Section (archaeology) ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Medical school ,Engineering ethics ,Review process ,Quality (business) ,media_common - Abstract
Critical evaluation of each section of a paper is needed in order to properly assess the purpose and quality of the paper and to understand the degree to which the results can influence clinical practice. Reviewing a paper is a skill that is best honed by practice, but there is no real formal training during medical school or residency on what to evaluate during a review and what the review process involves for a journal. Thus, this chapter will highlight the major points to review in each section of a paper and will provide a guide for young investigators to use while interpreting the findings of a paper. Additionally, the components of a review submission to a journal will be outlined.
- Published
- 2019
20. An Implementation of a Paper Based Authentication Using HC2D Barcode and Digital Signature
- Author
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Pramote Kuacharoen, Puchong Subpratatsavee, Kasetsart University (KU), National Institute of Development Administration |Bangkok] (NIDA), Khalid Saeed, Václav Snášel, and TC 8
- Subjects
Government ,Authentication ,Computer science ,business.industry ,[SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences ,Paper based ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Barcode ,law.invention ,Software ,Digital signature ,paper-based document ,digital signature ,law ,Loan ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,authentication ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,HC2D barcode ,Communication source ,business ,computer - Abstract
Part 8: Pattern Recognition and Image Processing; International audience; Paper-based documents are important and still widely used in government agencies and private entities as some documents cannot be replaced by electronic documents. These include loan agreements, dispatch or contracts, household registrations and passports. They must be paper-based. Paper-based documents can be easily forged with a printer and a scanner, and imaging software can easily edit them. This paper presents a paper-based document authentication by applying a digital signature and HC2D barcode to verify the integrity of the text message and the sender of the document. This is useful both for a quick inspection of documents with large quantities and monitoring that may help prevent fraud and forgery which may have occurred.
- Published
- 2014
21. Policy-Paper: 'Ein zukunftsfähiger Gesellschaftsvertrag mit der Landwirtschaft: Plädoyer für eine neue Agrarpolitik'
- Author
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Kai P. Purnhagen, Claudia Pahl-Wostl, Andrea Früh-Müller, Volkmar Wolters, Fabian Thomas, Christine Krämer, Peter H. Feindt, Caroline van Bers, and Alois Heißenhuber
- Abstract
Dieses Policy-Paper ist das wichtigste Ergebnis des ZA-NExUS-Projekts, das wissenschaftlich basierte Optionen fur die kunftige Ausgestaltung der Agrarpolitik aus der Perspektive des Natur- und Umweltschutzes formulieren sollte. Es wurde im Januar 2017 auf einer Pressekonferenz mit der damaligen Bundesministerin Dr. Barbara Hendricks der Offentlichkeit vorgestellt. Ausgehend vom Konzept eines zukunftsfahigen Gesellschaftsvertrags mit der Landwirtschaft wird eine neue Architektur der Agrarpolitik mit folgenden Kernelementen vorgeschlagen: Pramien fur Landschaftsvielfalt und fur Basismasnahmen im Agrarumwelt- und Klimaschutz, regionale Agrarumwelt- und Klimaschutzprogramme, ein Kooperationsprogramm Natur und Landwirtschaft sowie ein effektives Ordnungsrecht. Hinzu kommt ein Innovationsprogramm zur Entwicklung von Mehrwertmarkten fur umweltfreundliche Produkte durch Verbraucherkommunikation, praxisorientierte Forschung und Beratung.
- Published
- 2019
22. White Paper der Päpstlichen Akademie für das Leben
- Author
-
Thomas Sitte
- Abstract
Palliativversorgung steigt national und auf globaler Ebene stetig. Auch der Vatikan hat die Brisanz der bestehenden Versorgungslucke erkannt und setzte 2017 eine internationale, religions- und kirchenunabhangige Expertengroup zur Beratung ein, sie wird von einem der Autoren mitorganisiert. Die Gruppe veroffentlichte im Namen der Papstlichen Akademie fur das Leben in 2018 ein White Paper, das in den Kernaussagen, die sich an alle gesellschaftlichen Gruppen wenden, hier veroffentlicht wird. Moge es Ihnen, dem Leser, als Impuls dienen, zu den Veranderungen auch uber die eigentliche Patientenversorgung hinaus beizutragen.
- Published
- 2019
23. Paper-Based Inkjet Electrodes
- Author
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Hugo Silva, João Martins, Ana Priscila Alves, Hugo Ferreira, André Lourenço, and Ana Fred
- Subjects
Silver chloride ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials science ,chemistry ,business.industry ,Electrode ,Optoelectronics ,Paper based ,Substrate (printing) ,business ,Textile electrodes ,Inkjet printing - Abstract
Electrocardiographic (ECG) acquisition has evolved imensly over the last decade in particular with regards to sensing technology. From classical silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes, to textile electrodes, and recently paper-based electrodes. In this paper we study a new type of silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes based on a paper substrate that are produced using an inkjet printing technique. The cost reduction, easy-to-produce methodology, and easier recycling increase the potencial of application of these electrodes and opens this technology for everyday life use. We performed a comparison between this new type of electrode, with classical gelled Ag/AgCl electrodes and dry Ag/AgCl electrodes. We also compared the performance of each electrode when acquired using a professional-grade gold standard device, and a low cost platform. Experimental results showed that data acquired using our proposed inkjet printed electrode is highly correlated with data obtained through conventional electrodes. Moreover, the electrodes are robust to both high-end and low-end data acquisition devices.
- Published
- 2014
24. Item Differential in Computer Based and Paper Based Versions of a High Stakes Tertiary Entrance Test: Diagrams and the Problem of Annotation
- Author
-
Brad Jackel
- Subjects
Diagrammatic reasoning ,Annotation ,Multimedia ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Computer based ,Standardized test ,Paper based ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer.software_genre ,computer ,Natural language processing - Abstract
This paper presents the results from a tertiary entrance test that was delivered to two groups of candidates, one as a paper based test and the other as a computer based test. Item level differential reveals a pattern that appears related to item type: questions based on diagrammatic stimulus show a pattern of increased difficulty when delivered on computer. Differential in performance was not present in other sections of the test and it would appear unlikely to be explained by demographic differences between the groups. It is suggested this differential is due to the inability of the candidates to freely annotate on the stimulus when delivered on computer screen. More work needs to be done on considering the role of annotation as a problem solving strategy in high-stakes testing, in particular with certain kinds of stimulus, such as diagrams.
- Published
- 2014
25. A Short Paper on the Incentives to Share Private Information for Population Estimates
- Author
-
Jens Grossklags, Patrick Loiseau, and Michela Chessa
- Subjects
Population estimate ,Incentive ,Analytics ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Internet privacy ,Short paper ,Data analysis ,business ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Private information retrieval ,computer - Abstract
Consumers are often willing to contribute their personal data for analytics projects that may create new insights into societal problems. However, consumers also have justified privacy concerns about the release of their data.
- Published
- 2015
26. Water Recovery in Paper Industry by Membrane Operations
- Author
-
Mari Kallioinen
- Subjects
Membrane ,Environmental science ,Water recovery ,Pulp and paper industry - Published
- 2015
27. Paper Wrapping, Based on Knowledge about Face Connectivity among Paper Fragments
- Author
-
Toyohide Watanabe and Kenta Matsushima
- Subjects
Paper sheet ,Tree (data structure) ,Creative work ,Human–computer interaction ,Interface (Java) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,Face (geometry) ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,Construct (python library) ,Artificial intelligence ,business - Abstract
The purpose of paper wrapping is to protect goods from external shocks, decorate goods beautifully, carry out materials/goods safely, etc. Also, the paper wrapping is intelligent and creative work. The knowledge about paper wrapping is dependent on the features of target-objects, paper sheets and wrapping purposes. This article addresses a method to design the wrapping process. We introduce the knowledge about paper wrapping and then construct a stage tree, which represents various kinds of wrapping means successfully. We propose a framework for designing the wrapping process appropriate to target-objects, and also describe an interactive support interface in the wrapping process.
- Published
- 2013
28. Integration of Optimization to the Design of Pulp and Paper Production Processes
- Author
-
Mika Strömman, Ilkka Seilonen, Kari Koskinen, and Jukka Peltola
- Subjects
Conceptual design ,Computer science ,Business process ,Design activities ,Pulp (paper) ,engineering ,Paper production ,Design process ,Interview study ,engineering.material ,Engineering design process ,Manufacturing engineering - Abstract
Adopting new methodology in a design process requires changes in organization, business process, roles, knowledge, data transfer and tools. The influence of the new methodology has to be evaluated and the costs of changes calculated before the change is possible. In pulp and paper industry the non-growing market situation has tightened the competition that much that cutting the design costs by integrating design activities is not going to be enough. The design itself has to be improved. In this paper, an optimization method is integrated to an existing design process of pulp and paper facilities. The model of a new design process is then assessed through a case study and an interview study to ensure that the design process can be realized in the conceptual design phase of a real delivery project.
- Published
- 2013
29. How to Write a Clinical Paper
- Author
-
Brendan Coleman
- Subjects
Writing style ,Structure (mathematical logic) ,Publishing ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,Engineering ethics ,business ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
Publishing the results of your research is a fulfilling experience, both from a personal viewpoint, but also helping advance the orthopaedic knowledge. This chapter discusses the process from completing the study to formulating the final manuscript that is ready for submission, providing a structure to follow in preparation of the manuscript and tips on improving your writing style.
- Published
- 2019
30. A Practical Guide to Writing (and Understanding) a Scientific Paper: Meta-Analyses
- Author
-
Corrado Bait, Riccardo Compagnoni, Alberto Grassi, Stefano Zaffagnini, Pietro Randelli, and Kristian Samuelsson
- Subjects
Data extraction ,Point (typography) ,Process (engineering) ,Computer science ,Statistical analyses ,Meta-analysis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Quality (business) ,Data science ,Critical condition ,Systematic search ,media_common - Abstract
Meta-analyses represent an unbiased way of summarising the evidence on a specific topic. A meta-analysis is a formal process for gathering and evaluating literature to answer a specific question, using statistics to combine the data from randomised controlled trials. However, their use is controversial, as there are several critical conditions and methodological considerations that could produce misleading conclusions. A wide and extensive systematic search, clear-cut inclusion criteria and appropriate data extraction are mandatory when it comes to obtaining all the evidence relating to the investigated topic. Statistical analyses should be performed carefully and all sources of heterogeneity should be explored to avoid dangerous bias. The design and the quality of the included studies should be clearly presented to show the reader the overall quality of the evidence that is presented in the meta-analysis. Finally, the results should be interpreted critically from both a clinical and a statistical point of view.
- Published
- 2019
31. Article 7 TEU and the rule of law mechanism: A dissuasive weapon or a paper tiger?
- Author
-
Inger Österdahl
- Subjects
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties ,Political science ,Member state ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Constitutional law ,European union ,Treaty on European Union ,Economic Justice ,Mechanism (sociology) ,Law and economics ,Rule of law ,media_common - Abstract
This contribution deals with the ability or not of the European Union (EU) to act in situations of serious systemic violations of the rule of law in a Member State. It does this by looking at the different available mechanisms including Article 7 in the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the new Rule of Law Framework and excluding infringement procedures before the Court of Justice of the EU. The contribution also discusses whether as a result of a serious breach of the TEU a Member State could be expelled from the organisation. The TEU contains no provision on expulsion, but the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties potentially does. In conclusion, the contribution finds that neither mechanism can be likened to a weapon, nor are they probably dissuasive, but they might be persuasive thanks to a persistent and protracted dialogue. The EU has no realistic choice but to be a gentle civiliser of Member States.
- Published
- 2019
32. Mycoremediation of Paper, Pulp and Cardboard Industrial Wastes and Pollutants
- Author
-
Shweta Kulshreshtha, Pradeep Bhatnagar, and Nupur Mathur
- Subjects
Pollutant ,Waste management ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,cardboard ,Paper mill ,Mycoremediation ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,Health problems ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,engineering ,Environmental science ,business ,Water pollution ,Effluent - Abstract
Paper and pulp industries can broadly be divided into three categories—(1) handmade paper industries, (2) mill-made paper industries and (3) cardboard industries. All of these industries utilise water in different stages of making paper which is later discharged to nearby water bodies due to which these are considered as a major cause of water pollution. These effluents possess very high BOD, COD and toxic substances. As paper can be recycled a limited number of times, pulp fibres accumulate in the nearby area in the form of sludge which not only pollutes the soil or land but also produces enormous odour. Mycoremediation technology is a great boon which will be helpful in improving the existing situation and to minimise environmental and health problems associated with paper industrial wastes and pollutants. Therefore, in this chapter, we have discussed about the types of wastes and pollutants generated by handmade paper, mill-made paper and cardboard industries. Besides this, we have discussed about the fungi, their enzymes and role of both in mycoremediation of these wastes. In this chapter, we have also explained the suitable types of bioreactor, availability of culture, inoculation techniques and factors affecting the process. This information provides a platform for the workers who are working in field of mycoremediation of paper and pulp industrial wastes.
- Published
- 2012
33. Studies on Artistic Style of Chinese Ink Deckle-Edged Paper-Cutting Animation
- Author
-
Xiaoli Dong
- Subjects
Style (visual arts) ,Painting ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Chinese traditional ,Beauty ,Art ,Animation ,The arts ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS ,Theme (narrative) ,media_common ,Visual arts - Abstract
This article elaborates processes of the production and development of ink deckle-edged paper-cutting animation and summarizes its artistic style. The overall style of ink deckle-edged paper-cutting animation has the unique beauty of artistic conception of Chinese traditional arts, modeling of character is featured on fine and delicate, and has characteristic of shading in Chinese ink painting. Its theme is refined and rich in philosophy. At the same time, this article also explores problems existed and future development of ink deckle-edged paper-cutting animation.
- Published
- 2018
34. A Bibliometric Analysis on the Published Papers in Journal of Technology Enhanced Foreign Language Education (TEFLE) from Year 2006 to 2015
- Author
-
Xiu-Yan Zhong
- Subjects
Classroom teaching ,Foreign language learning ,Evaluation system ,Bibliometric analysis ,business.industry ,Political science ,Foreign language ,Public relations ,China ,business ,Research method ,Qualitative research - Abstract
This Paper presents a bibliometric analysis of the papers published in the journal of Technology Enhanced Foreign Language Education (TEFLE), a core professional academic journal in China, during the years from 2006 to 2015. Our result aims to provide a clear view of the evolution of literature in the research field of technology enhanced foreign language learning over the past decade, intending to put forward a preliminary framework for TEFLE to improve its publication quality and at the same time foster better technology enhanced foreign language education in China. Bibliometric indicators of paper amount, author information, total citations, and frequency of keywords have been analyzed with the use of tools of BICOMB and SPSS and methods of co-word and cluster analysis, which indicates that, over the past decade, both of the quality of the published papers and the paper evaluation system has been improved. The statistics also reveal that the authors in TEFLE are mainly from eastern China, a research group that has been formed with more researchers constantly joining in, and a number of papers have been highly cited, bringing further interest in the related disciplines. Currently, the reform of foreign language classroom teaching with technological aids appears the hotspot topic in the related applied field. An effort is made to demonstrate that the research method has shifted to a new way that places equal emphasis on both quantitative and qualitative study in technology enhanced learning (TEL) and technologies have a bigger influence on foreign language learning in China, but in the meantime, there is an imbalance in the distribution of authors from different national geographic areas in TEL research.
- Published
- 2018
35. Survey of Pen-and-Paper Computing
- Author
-
Jürgen Steimle
- Subjects
Engineering ,Paper document ,Work (electrical) ,business.industry ,Interface (computing) ,Perspective (graphical) ,Optical character recognition ,Paper computing ,computer.software_genre ,business ,Data science ,computer ,Field (computer science) - Abstract
Over several decades, a large body of research has been established that focuses on Pen-and-Paper Computing. This chapter reviews previous work of the field – both from a technological and interface perspective – and discusses future directions of research and development.
- Published
- 2012
36. Interaction Model of Pen-and-Paper User Interfaces
- Author
-
Jürgen Steimle
- Subjects
Paper document ,Computer science ,Human–computer interaction ,Interaction model ,Post-WIMP ,Interaction technique ,User interface ,Interface design ,User interface design - Abstract
The advent of novel types of user interfaces generates challenges that relate both to the conceptual understanding and to the question of practical interface design. In this chapter, we aim at providing answers to the following questions: What is the essence of interaction with Pen-and-Paper User Interfaces? How to guide analysis? What aspects are to be considered when designing a Pen-and-Paper User Interface? What principles and guidelines do apply?
- Published
- 2012
37. Pulp and Paper Workers, and Paper Dermatitis
- Author
-
Michael Haeberle
- Subjects
business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,engineering ,Medicine ,engineering.material ,business ,Pulp and paper industry - Published
- 2012
38. Mineral Oil in Board and Paper Recycling
- Author
-
Samuel Schabel, Antje Kersten, and Hans-Joachim Putz
- Subjects
Food packaging ,Folding boxboard ,Paper recycling ,Pulp (paper) ,Corrugated fiberboard ,medicine ,engineering ,Environmental science ,engineering.material ,Raw material ,Mineral oil ,Pulp and paper industry ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Paper for recycling is the most important fibre raw material of the German paper industry. 16.3 Mio t of paper for recycling was utilised in 2010 corresponding to 72% of the total fibre raw material input for paper and board production. In comparison to the used virgin fibre-based chemical and mechanical pulp, the utilised amount of paper for recycling is about 2.6 times higher.
- Published
- 2012
39. Users Can Do Better with PDAs Than Paper: A Usability Study of PDA-Based vs. Paper-Based Nursing Documentation Systems
- Author
-
Celia R. Colón-Rivera, Carlos Martinez, Néstor J. Rodríguez, José A. Borges, Aixa Ardín, Carlos Perez, and Gilberto Crespo
- Subjects
Nursing staff ,Multimedia ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Medical record ,Usability ,Paper based ,computer.software_genre ,Patient record ,Health informatics ,Nursing documentation ,business ,Mobile device ,computer - Abstract
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) are a viable technology for providing access to Electronic Medical Records at the point-of-care. However, acceptance of this technology by clinicians will depend on how easy they can make the transition from the system they normally use to a PDA-based system. Since many hospitals are still using paper-based patient record systems this study intends to provide some insight on the aspects that need to be considered in the transition from a paper-based system to a PDA-based system. The study compares the interaction of nurses with PDA-based and paper-based nursing documentation systems in terms of performance and subjective satisfaction. Twenty staff nurses from a metropolitan hospital performed twelve tasks on each system. The study supports the conclusion that a PDA-based nursing documentation system can be superior to a paper-based system in term of performance for tasks that don't required writing notes. Nurses were significantly more satisfied with the PDA-based system than with the paper-based system with every interaction and system aspect evaluated on the study. In general the results of the study provide hard evidence to predict an easy transition for nurses from a paper-based system to a PDA-based system nursing documentation system.
- Published
- 2009
40. The First White Paper: Human Rights in China
- Author
-
Pinghua Sun
- Subjects
Government ,White (horse) ,White paper ,Human rights ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political science ,Law ,China ,Ideal (ethics) ,media_common - Abstract
The first white paper—Human Rights in China was released by the Chinese government in 1991. This white paper regarded full implementation of human rights as a great ideal and loft goal that human beings have been pursuing. The release of this white paper broke the forbidden area of human rights research, and it exhibited great achievements of human rights protection in China by clarifying the attitudes and principles of the Chinese government to human rights. It maintained the international image of China and laid a foundation for human rights protection career in China. The white paper has become a milestone in the history of Chinese human rights development.
- Published
- 2013
41. Verification of the Minimum Illuminance for Comfortable Reading of an E-Paper
- Author
-
Shunta Sano, Nobuhiro Ishio, Tatsuya Koizuka, Masaru Miyao, and Takehito Kojima
- Subjects
Liquid-crystal display ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Illuminance ,Glare (vision) ,Backlight ,Readability ,law.invention ,law ,Power consumption ,Computer graphics (images) ,Reading (process) ,Electronic paper ,media_common - Abstract
Various e-paper devices also have been released (e.g. Amazon's Kindle DXTM), and their features include paper-like display and low power consumption. In our previous studies, in high light conditions, readability of the backlight LCD dropped significantly, because of the glare of the surrounding background. On the other hand, the readability of the electronic paper is increased, it was easy to read than backlit LCD. The e-paper that have low contrast ratio, evaluation of readability was low. In low light, the evaluation of the readability of the backlit LCD was high. The aim of this experiment was to verify the minimum illumination for comfortable reading with e-paper in low illumination (300 or less lx).
- Published
- 2013
42. Knowledge Sharing in Product Development – Delimitations of a White Paper Approach
- Author
-
Johan Holmqvist and Åsa Ericson
- Subjects
Engineering ,Focus (computing) ,White (horse) ,Knowledge management ,Empirical research ,White paper ,business.industry ,Manufacturing ,New product development ,business ,Knowledge transfer ,Knowledge sharing - Abstract
There is an on-going movement in manufacturing industry towards Product-Service Systems (PSS), which manifests the importance of making experience based knowledge organizationally available. In this paper a study of how white books is used and discussing any delimitations in transferring experiences is in focus. The paper builds on an empirical study in a manufacturing company, which has long ago implemented the white book approach and also has the vision of PSS development. It has been found that the format of a white book and the guidelines for authoring them could be a barrier for expressing individually gained experiences. Subsequently, does not support a knowledge transfer between projects having different aims, perspectives and knowledge domains.
- Published
- 2013
43. Evaluating Paper Prototype for Tabletop Collaborative Game Applications
- Author
-
Ricardo Nakamura, Mauricio Cirelli, Lucia Vilela Leite Filgueiras, and Marylia Gutierrez
- Subjects
Game design ,Multimedia ,InformationSystems_INFORMATIONINTERFACESANDPRESENTATION(e.g.,HCI) ,Computer science ,Human–computer interaction ,Interface (Java) ,Collaborative game ,User interface ,computer.software_genre ,computer ,Gesture ,Paper prototyping - Abstract
Identifying the natural gestures for a tabletop application is one of the most challenging tasks developers must accomplish in order to achieve a good system user interface. This problem is even more difficult in a collaborative environment. Cooperative Gestures allow richer interaction and must be evaluated when designing a new multi-user tabletop interface. In this paper we present the use of paper prototyping to analyze user interaction on a tabletop collaborative game application. Our results show that it is possible to extract natural gestures for an application using this technique, regardless of some limitations.
- Published
- 2013
44. An Exploratory Study on Content-Based Filtering of Call for Papers
- Author
-
Germán Hurtado Martín, Helga Naessens, Chris Cornelis, Steven Schockaert, Lupu, Mihai, Kanoulas, Evangelos, and Loizides, Fernando
- Subjects
Information retrieval ,Computer science ,Language models ,Exploratory research ,Contrast (statistics) ,Vector space model ,Filter (signal processing) ,Recommendation ,Science General ,Call for papers ,World Wide Web ,Language model ,Generative grammar ,Scope (computer science) - Abstract
Due to the increasing number of conferences, researchers need to spend more and more time browsing through the respective calls for papers (CFPs) to identify those conferences which might be of interest to them. In this paper we study several content-based techniques to filter CFPs retrieved from the web. To this end, we explore how to exploit the information available in a typical CFP: a short introductory text, topics in the scope of the conference, and the names of the people in the program committee. While the introductory text and the topics can be directly used to model the document (e.g. to derive a tf-idf weighted vector), the names of the members of the program committee can be used in several indirect ways. One strategy we pursue in particular is to take into account the papers that these people have recently written. Along similar lines, to find out the research interests of the users, and thus to decide which CFPs to select, we look at the abstracts of the papers that they have recently written. We compare and contrast a number of approaches based on the vector space model and on generative language models.
- Published
- 2013
45. Statistically Analyzing RGB Histograms to Remove Highlighting in Aged Paper Monochromatic Documents
- Author
-
Ricardo da Silva Barboza, Rafael Dueire Lins, Edson da F. de Lira, and Diego de A. Barros
- Subjects
Information retrieval ,White paper ,Computer science ,Histogram ,Personal choice ,Natural aging ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,RGB color model ,Monochromatic color ,Filter (signal processing) - Abstract
Text highlighting is often used to emphasize parts of a document for some reason. As highlighting is a personal choice of the reader, it can be seen as physically "damaging" the original document. A recent paper shows how to remove felt-pen highlighting in monochromatic documents with a white paper background. This paper generalizes that result to filter out highlighting in monochromatic documents with non-white background due to paper natural aging.
- Published
- 2013
46. Effects-Directed Studies of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents
- Author
-
Mark Hewitt
- Subjects
business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,Residual lignin ,Paper mill ,engineering.material ,Aquatic biota ,Pulp and paper industry ,complex mixtures ,South american ,engineering ,Environmental science ,business ,Tree species ,Effluent - Abstract
The history of effects-directed investigations of pulp and paper mill effluents has been driven primarily by the environmental effects associated with mill discharges. The first effect to confront the industry was acute toxicity to aquatic biota. Through a series of effects-directed studies in the 1970s and 1980s the causative agents were elucidated, subsequent regulations enacted, and effluent treatment technologies implemented to reduce the loadings of resin acids, chlorophenolics and other toxic compounds in mill discharges. Effects-directed investigations in the pulp and paper sector have since focused on other endpoints, primarily mutagenicity and endocrine disruption. Identification of these active substances has proven to be much more challenging due to the evolving complexities of effluent matrices and the intricacies of the responses themselves. Residual lignin in final effluents remains a significant barrier to the isolation and identification of low molecular weight bioactive substances. The evolution of analytical techniques (e.g., from XAD resins to SPE cartridges) coupled with new approaches (e.g., studying in-mill waste streams and fish tissue burdens of active substances) have nevertheless provided insights into the sources and identities of mutagens and endocrine disruptors. Active chemicals have been identified primarily using GC–MS with recent limited applications of LC–MS. A high proportion of substances originating from wood feedstocks have been identified or implicated in the effects studied. Differences in the patterns of effects between North and South American mill effluents may be reflective of the different tree species utilized. Careful selection of the endpoint used to direct such investigations, its reproducibility, robustness and linkages to whole organism responses and regulatory applications are emphasized.
- Published
- 2011
47. Problems in Paper Recycling of Vietnam
- Author
-
Nguyen Thi Diem Trang
- Subjects
Paper recycling ,Agriculture ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,Paper production ,engineering ,Business ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry - Abstract
Paper production can be considered as an important factor for the development of one country. On the way of development, Vietnam has increased steadily in paper consumption; however, the paper production did not get to the same speed. One of the reasons remains in input material which composes of wood or other agricultural fiber sources and recovered paper. Statistical data on pulp and paper production have been taken into consideration. Reasons for the low in recycling rate have been analyzed.
- Published
- 2011
48. Paper-based Tagging of Documents
- Author
-
Jürgen Steimle
- Subjects
Information retrieval ,Paper document ,Computer science ,Handwriting recognition ,Information space ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,Interaction technique ,Paper based ,Structuring ,Digital paper - Abstract
Besides annotating documents and creating references, categorizing documents and structuring the information space are amongst the most relevant activities that knowledge workers perform when they seek to make sense of information. This chapter introduces several novel techniques for tagging of printed and digital documents.
- Published
- 2012
49. Empirical Analysis on Green Innovation of Chinese Paper Manufacturing
- Author
-
Haiying Liu and Zhiyong Zou
- Subjects
Index (economics) ,Economy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Green innovation ,Econometrics ,Business ,Function (engineering) ,China ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,Spatial analysis ,Paper manufacturing ,media_common ,Knowledge production - Abstract
In this paper, Moran index of spatial statistics, the spatial lag and spatial error model of spatial econometric economics, combined with Griliches & Jaffe knowledge production function(Knowledge Production Function, KPF), were used in spatial econometric analysis on China’s provincial paper manufacturing RD also find that China’s 31 provincial contribution of green innovation in paper manufacturing sector was mainly achieved by enterprises R&D investment, while the combination of university and enterprise did not show significant effect on green innovation spillovers. The results show effect of knowledge spillovers are exist, but not significant. In the end, according to the conclusions, we draw some advices.
- Published
- 2012
50. The Blend of Modern Graphic Design and the Culture and Art of Traditional Chinese Paper-Cut
- Author
-
Liu Hui
- Subjects
Artistic form ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Paper cut ,medicine ,Art ,Graphic design ,business ,medicine.disease ,Visual arts ,media_common - Abstract
Chinese folk paper-cut is the most representative of artistic form in Chinese folk, which is the basis of folk art and the maternal art, providing good learning and reference for modern graphic design has played. This paper focuses on an in-depth analysis of how the traditional Chinese folk paper-cut art to make combination and fusion in modern graphic design.
- Published
- 2012
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