Search

The article focuses on the rivalry between Great Britain and the U.S. in colonizing China in early and midnineteenth century. According to historians, the inception of U.S. China policy occurred in the nineteenth century during the proclamation of the Open Door policy and the possession of the Philippines as means to access the China market. The federal government colonized China to improve its economy and to increase its international influence in East Asia.

In this article the author discusses the results of a study by Great Britain's Royal Society of London titled "Knowledge, Networks and Nations: Global Scientific Collaboration in the 21st Century," which investigated the global progress of science. He notes that the conclusion that drew the most interest was the competition between the U.S. and China for global scientific dominance and discusses three areas in which the report fails in its analysis regarding China's scientific dominance.

British reactions to China's increasing engagement with Africa in recent years have been manifested in particularly negative and reductive ways tending to depict China's presence in Africa as destructive and self-serving, in contrast to Britain's more enlightened, supportive approach. However, more recently official discourse has begun to stress the shared outlook between British and Chinese objectives, emphasising Chinese moves towards a more constructive, development-focused approach in Africa. This article discusses the ways in which China in Africa is viewed in British political circles and assesses the degree to which such views resonate with the British sense of its own idealised identity. It suggests that the two narratives represent two sides of a dual ‘liberal’ approach to the problem of ‘non-liberal’ actors in international politics: first the tendency to reject and see them as outside the international order; and second the attempt to rehabilitate them and bring them within it. The article concludes by exploring a number of reasons for the particular ways in which Britain, China and Africa are configured, arguing that this dual conception represents a sense of ambiguity about the potential universality of liberalism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Great Recession has brought a structural break in international economic and political order. The geography of power is at present being dramatically transformed, notably by the rapid economic rise of China. What makes international order legitimate in a world in which political and economic foundations are rapidly shifting? This article examines analogies and lessons from a previous transition, from a world order centered on Britain, to a US dominated global order. That transition saw two moments of crisis, or turning points, the 1931 financial crisis at the height of the Great Depression, and the diplomatic and military catastrophe of Suez. The article looks at two interpretations of the transition, one by E. H. Carr focusing on the destruction in the Great Depression of a liberal economic and political order and its replacement by a world of brutal Great Power politics; the other by Charles Kindleberger, stressing the need for a benevolent hegemonic power to provide public goods for the world economy and the world political system. China is beginning to behave in the way expected of a Kindleberger hegemon, but also sees the possibilities of asserting power in a world that in the aftermath of 2008 looks much more like the chaotic and crisis-ridden interwar period as interpreted by E. H. Carr. The challenge for the management of the new international order will lie in the ability of China to embrace the universalistic vision that underpinned previous eras of stability, in the nineteenth century and in the late twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews the legacy of British administration in Hong Kong, which closed on June 30, 1997. Importance of the preservation of the legal system to most Hong Kong people; How the court proceedings in civil and criminal litigations were held; Concern surrounding the start and progress in English and Chinese codification; Details on the British legal system; Illustration of cases which depicts the perils and predicaments of the Hong Kong legal system; Conclusions reached.

Focuses on various British citizenship for Hong Kong nationals. Chinese takeover of Hong Kong in 1997; British nationality laws; Problems of the various kinds of British citizenship; British Dependent Territories Citizenship.

Describes the extraterritoriality negotiations between Great Britain and China in 1943. British policy on the abolition of extraterritoriality before April 1942; Issue of the future of Hong Kong; British policy towards Hong Kong after January 11, 1943.

Examines Great Britain's attitude towards Hong Kong and the rise of Chinese communism. British Empire, China and Hong Kong in the post war world; Cold war politics and Britain's China and Hong kong policies; Impact of the Korean War on the British attitude towards China and Hong Kong; Sino-British declaration in Hong Kong.