Search

Industrial production and domestic discharge produce a large amount of oily wastewater, which seriously affects the stability of the ecological environment. Membrane separation technology provides another path to treating oily wastewater. And appropriate surface modifi- cation of the membrane helps to achieve high efficiency of treating oily wastewater. With green, economy and stability been more concerned. The focal research reports a completely biodegradable all cellulose composite filter paper (ACCFP) composed of I-cellulose macrofibers and IIcellulose matrix. It is a simple one-step impregnation method to adjust the surface microstructure of the pristine filter paper (PFP), and it does not involve with chemical reaction. The pre-wetted ACCFP consist of II-cellulose hydrogel and I-cellulose reinforcement in the process of oilwater separation. This layer of hydrogel is the fundamental to underwater superoleophobicity, which determines their eligibility for applications of efficient oil-water mixture or oil-in-water (oil/water) emulsion separation. The separation efficiency of oil-water mixture and oil/water emulsion exceed 95% and 99.9%, respectively. In addition, excellent mechanical properties of ACCFP in dry and wet conditions ensure its stability in service and prolong service life in applications. The focal study provides a new method for high-performance oil-water separation and it is more in line with sustainable chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Focussing on the insulating material of power transformer—cellulose insulation paper, this paper first introduces the basic characteristics and engineering application background of insulation paper. Then, the research progress of improving the mechanical properties, thermal stability and electrical properties of insulation paper by nano modification in recent years is compared, and the promotion mechanism is analysed. In addition, in practical engineering application, the oil–paper composite insulation system composed of insulation paper and insulating oil is used for the internal insulation of oil immersed transformer. Therefore, the influence of modified insulation paper on the performance of oil–paper composite insulation system is analysed. Finally, the newly reported new insulation paper is introduced, and the future development trend of modification of traditional insulation paper is analysed.

Bamboo fibers ( BFs ), with features of renewability and biodegradability, have been widely used in paper-making products. In order to improve the mechanical properties and water absorption behaviors of the BF paper, bacterial cellulose nanofibers ( BCNFs) as environmentally friendly nano-fibrillated cellulose ( NFC) were combined with BFs. The structures and properties of the BF/ BCNF composite paper were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, mechanical tests, pore size tests, and water absorption tests. The results indicated that the addition of BCNFs could significantly improve the water absorption capacity and mechanical properties. The water absorption ratio of the BF/ BCNF composite paper with a BCNF mass fraction of 9% comes to 443%, about 1. 33 times that of the pure BF paper. At the same BCNF content, the tensile strength of the BF/ BCNF composite paper in dry and wet states was 12. 37 MPa and 200. 9 kPa, respectively, increasing by 98. 24% and 136. 91% as compared with that of the BF paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper sludge is the water treatment waste, which produced during paper production. Paper sludge (PS) waste utilization is the common problem in the EU and internationally. According to the waste management directive No. 2008/98/EC, paper sludge waste should not be utilized in landfills. In the European Union, alone 93 million tons of PS generated yearly. Nowadays most of the paper sludge waste used as fuel for incineration power plants (up to 55 %). According to waste management legislation such waste management should be avoided as well. Very small portion (10 %) of PS is used in construction sector. In construction, paper sludge used as additive in concrete composite materials. Such legislation of waste management generates the motivation of this study. In this study authors propose to produce composite panels in which PS is the main material of composite. As the binding material, clay proposed due to its good binding properties and therefore its natural material. Such produced panels proposed to use it for sound absorption applications. To determine composites sound absorption coefficient standard ISO 10534-2 method was used. The sound absorption coefficient in different octave bands reached up to 0.59.

The document titled "Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials: Selected Papers from CCMR" provides an overview of the applications and development of nanomaterial technology. It explores various methods of synthesizing nanomaterials and discusses their use in fields such as the Internet of Things, energy conversion, intelligent sensing, and biomimetics. The document also covers specific topics related to nanomaterials, including their synthesis, characterization, and applications in areas such as energy storage, electronics, and catalysis. Researchers and library patrons interested in nanomaterials and their applications will find this collection of articles useful for their research. [Extracted from the article]

Fiber-gypsum board is a composite material, in which fiber is used as the reinforcement in the matrix of gypsum. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of adding different amounts of waste paper fibers on the strength, and the fracture behavior of fiber-gypsum board. For this purpose, zero, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 35 percent gypsum was substituted by waste paper fibers in the mixture. The results of bending strength, internal bonding and moisture absorption after one month exposure to 100% relative humidity measurement showed that increasing the percentage of fibers up to 20% increased the mechanical properties. In general, using twenty percent fibers in the mixture increased the bending strength by 50% and the internal bonding was increase two and half times compared to the control samples. The load-displacement curve shows that the dosage of 5 to 15 percent of fibers does not change the fracture behavior of the fibergypsum board and exhibited brittle fracture as in control samples. While at higher dosage, the flexibility increases and the failure becomes ductile. Therefore, the best conditions in terms of strength, resistance, and flexibility was reached at 20% substitution of gypsum with waste paper fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of new materials for use in advanced distribution transformers is required to improve their heat resistance rating, operational safety, and reliability. The combination of polymer and nanoparticles is the preferred approach to improve the thermal stability of materials. In this study, the thermal stability of laboratory-prepared meta-aramid insulation paper modified with polyphenylsilsesquioxane (PPSQ) was evaluated. The results showed that the thermal stability of the modified insulation paper was superior to that of the unmodified paper. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to analyse the internal mechanism of the performance improvement achieved by modification with PPSQ. From a microscopic perspective, the addition of PPSQ provided a relatively larger structural space for the meta-aramid fibre and increased the free volume of the entire system, which tightened the meta-aramid fibre molecular chains, increased the density of the structure of the paper, and enhanced the mutual permeability between meta-aramid fibre chains. Therefore, the stress can be better transmitted, the performance loss such as phase delamination was effectively prevented, and the bonding between the meta-aramid fibres was strengthened.

Madagascar undergoes, like all countries in the world, the effects of climate change. in fact, since the last 5 years, in the coastal regions and the basins, the temperature has raised from 2 to 2.5 ° and varies between 34 to 36 ° in the shadow during the rainy season and on the high hills, the temperature diminishes from 2 to 2.5 ° during the dry period and varies from 4 ° to 8 °. However, the structure of lodging of 60% of the people are not adapted to this temperature change. Particularly, in the coastal regions, the walls of the houses are made of sheet iron. The inside of these houses is very hot when the weather is hot and very cold when it is cold. The inhabitants can’t afford the houses made in bricks or breeze block and the natural sources of aggregates are in the process of exhaustion. In the other part, we have seen that tons of paper are ready to be burned at the administrative services (public treasury, public financing, universities, ...) and the newspaper publishers. So, it becomes a must to find another way to the construction materials, justifying in that case our research axis. This study aims at the developing of construction material based on recycled paper, binder and aggregate. It deals of picking up or gathering all waste of papers and outdates newspapers and transforming them into brick for building constructions. What’s more, papers have prominent thermal insulating properties. Our work is focused on the study of variants on the different manufacturing processes, the choice of binder, the preparation of the specimens with different binders and different dosages, the mechanical compression tests for different binders, the evaluation of thermal conductivity for different binders and the numerical simulation of the thermo mechanical behavior of samples. The result is a lightweight brick with good thermal insulation. Tests have also made it possible to declare that the material has acceptable mechanical properties : the compressive strength is 1.56 [N/mm2], higher than the value prescribed by the standard for lightweight concrete blocks for construction of 1.1 [N/mm2], the value of thermal conductivity is 0.114 [W/mK], ten times less conductive heat than concrete and it can replace glass wool for a double its thickness. The specific weight is 57.5 [kg/m2].The practical results were confirmed by finite element simulations.

Developing high-performance and low-cost electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) favorably promotes large-scale hydrogen production from water. Here, we design a nanocomposite of Co 9 S 8 -Ni 9 S 8 nanodiscs (CNS) in-situ grown from polypyrrole hollow nanospheres (PHS) on carbon paper (CP) via unipolar pulse electrodeposition (UPED) technique as HER catalyst in alkaline media. The lattice structure along with the interlacing nanodiscs-like morphology of the Co 9 S 8 -Ni 9 S 8 mischcrystal is controllable by UPED method. The optimal CNS/PHS/CP electrode obtained with pulse potential of − 0.80 V exhibits favorable catalytic activity with low overpotential (186 mV at 10 mA cm−2), superior stability performance (for 100 h with no current density decay), and high electrochemically active surface area up to 1925 cm2, which should be attributed to the interlacing Co 9 S 8 -Ni 9 S 8 mischcrystal with rich active sites, the ingenious combination with conductive polymer, and the integrated electron-proton conductive network. This work will provide a new sight to design low-cost bimetallic sulfide-based electrocatalysts for high-performance HER in water splitting. [Display omitted] • In-situ growth of Ni 9 S 8 -Co 9 S 8 is controllable by unipolar pulse electrodeposition. • Precise regulation of mischcrystal lattice works on the morphology optimization. • Escape from binder contributes to high conductivity and HER catalytic activity. • Integrated frame, large ECSA and rich active sites lift HER dynamics and stability. • The CNS-0.80 catalyst exhibits low overpotential and superior long-term stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When obtaining environment-friendly hybrid resins made of a blend of Dammar natural resin, in a prevailing volume ratio, with epoxy resin, it is challenging to find alternatives for synthetic resins. Composite materials reinforced with waste paper and matrix made of epoxy resin or hybrid resin with a volume ratio of 60%, 70% and 80% Dammar were studied. All samples obtained have been submitted to tensile tests and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. The tensile response, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation at break and the analysis of the fracture surface were determined. The damping properties of vibrations of bars in hybrid resins and in the composite materials under study were also examined. The mechanical properties of the four types of resins and of the composite materials were compared. The chemical composition for a hybrid resin specimen were obtained using the Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy, Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) analyzes.

In medical institutions, radiation shielding is an effective strategy to protect medical personnel and patients from exposure. Reducing the weight of the shield worn by medical personnel in the radiation generating area plays a key role in improving their productivity and mobility. In this study, a new lightweight radiation shield was developed by electrospinning a polymer-tungsten composite material to produce nanofibers with a multi-layered thin-film structure similar to that of a morpho butterfly wing. The fabricated shield was in the form of 0.1 mm thick flexible shielding paper. The multi-layer structure of the thin shielding paper was obtained through nanofiber pattern formation via electrospinning a dispersion of tungsten particles. At 0.1 mm thickness, the paper's shielding rate was 64.88% at 60 keV. Furthermore, at 0.3 mm thick and arranged in a laminated structure, the shielding rate was 90.10% and the lead equivalent was 0.296 mmPb. When used as an apron material, the weight can be reduced by 45% compared to existing lead products. In addition, the material is highly processable and can be used to manufacture various flexible products, such as hats, gloves, underwear, and scarves used in medical institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a novel geotechnical composite material comprising two types of fill material sourced from the paper industry—deinking paper sludge ash (DPSA) and deinking paper sludge (DPS). Five composites with different DPSA and DPS contents were investigated. Two composites were selected for further analyses. The technology and procedure for composite installation were implemented in field tests. The composites with 80% and 70% DPSA exhibited the elasticity required to withstand minor landslide slip deformations, in addition to achieving sufficiently high values of uniaxial compressive strength. The composites had a low maximum dry density value, which led to fewer settlements in the entire support structure. The enhanced shear characteristics can enable the construction of a thinner retaining wall. The delay between preparation and installation of the composites was further investigated. The field tests confirmed that the composites with 80% and 70% DPSA can be installed on the construction site 4 h and even 24 h after mixing. In 2018, a retaining wall structure with 70% DPSA and 30% DPS was successfully implemented near a railway line using conventional technology as followed-up research to the herein presented study. Results have been derived from work performed in the scope of the H2020 Paperchain project in which novel circular economy models centered on the valorization of the waste streams generated by the pulp and paper industry as secondary raw material for several resource-intensive sectors, including the construction sector, have been developed. Environmental benefits are savings in natural raw materials, reduction of landfill disposal as well as CO2 emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-powered electronic equipment has rapidly developed in the fields of sensing, motion monitoring, and energy collection, posing a greater challenge to triboelectric materials. Triboelectric materials need to enhance their electrical conductivity and mechanical strength to address the increasing demand for stability and to mitigate unpredictable physical damage. In this study, polyaniline-modified cellulose was prepared by means of in situ polymerization and compounded with polydimethylsiloxane, resulting in a triboelectric material with enhanced strength and conductivity. The material was fabricated into a tubular triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) (G-TENG), and an electrocatalytic pretreatment of mixed office waste paper (MOW) pulp was performed using papermaking white water as the flowing liquid to improve the deinking performance. The electrical output performance of G-TENG is highest at a flow rate of 400 mL/min, producing a voltage of 22.76 V and a current of 1.024 μA. Moreover, the deinking effect of MOW was enhanced after the electrical pretreatment. This study explores the potential application of G-TENG as a self-powered sensor power supply and emphasizes its prospect as an energy collection device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regarding its geographical location, West Sumatra is an area prone to earthquakes. The solution to this condition is by mitigating the effects through the construction of earthquake-resistant buildings. Earthquake-resistant buildings may be constructed by replacing polymeric materials with characteristics of light, durable and good flexibilities. One of which by replacing stone as common building structure with composite material. Composite wall panels that are expected to be utilized to construct a resistant building, are made by mixing polypropylene plastic waste with coconut fiber and primary sludge from paper mill waste. The mixing method was performed using an extruder (dry mixing with heat). Composition of coconut fiber, primary sludge, and paper mill waste were 20:20:60, respectively based on the previous study. Method for casting composite wall panels was performed using hot-press. The composite wall panels showed a flexural properties of 9.6 N/mm², modulus of elasticity of 2,640 N/mm², melt temperature at 161.21°C, combustion point at 463.55oC, decomposition point at 476.99°C, carbon residue of 15.1%, density of 1.093 g/cm³, thickness swelling of 0.104%, internal bond strength of 0.61 N/mm², a good morphochemical interaction and following EN 634-2-2007 standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Papers with nanoscaled surface roughness and hydrophobically modification have been widely used in daily life. However, the relatively complex preparation process, high costs and harmful compounds have largely limited their applications. This research aims to fabricate superhydrophobic papers with low cost and nontoxic materials. The surface of cellulose fibers was initially coated with a film of SiO2 nanoparticles via sol-gel process. After papermaking and subsequent modification with hexadecyltrimethoxysilane through a simple solution-immersion process, the paper showed excellent superhydrophobic properties, with water contact angles (WCA) larger than 150°. Moreover, the prepared paper also showed superior mechanical durability against 10 times of deformation. The whole preparation process was carried out in a mild environment, with no intricate instruments or toxic chemicals, which has the potential of large-scale industrial production and application.

The physical and mechanical properties of cement bonded board produced from Chasmanthera dependens and waste paper was investigated in this study. Boards were produced at 50:50, 60:40 and 70:30 levels of blending proportions of paper-fiber by weight, 800kg/mm³ and 1000kg/m³levels of board density and a constant mixing ration of 4:2 of cement-paper and fiber respectively. The boards were cut into test samples and physical and mechanical tests were carried out. The effect of Blending Proportion and Board Density on Water Absorption (WA), Thickness Swelling (TS), Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) were determined using British standard 373. The mean values for WA ranged from 6.45-14.60%, TS ranged from 0.17-3.71%, MOE ranged from 93.90-946.03Nmm² while MOR ranged from 0.30-2.02Nmm2. The results showed that increase in board density and blending proportion led to decrease in TS and WA but also resulted in increase in MOE and MOR. The study suggests that Chasmanthera dependens and waste paper are suitable for the manufacture of cement board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quest for eco‐friendly materials with anticipated positive impact for sustainability is crucial to achieve the UN sustainable development goals. Classical strategies of composite materials can be applied on novel nanomaterials and green materials. Besides the actual technology and applications also processing and manufacturing methods should be further advanced to make entire technology concepts sustainable. Here, they show an efficient way to combine two low‐cost materials, cellulose and zinc oxide (ZnO), to achieve novel functional and "green" materials via paper‐making processes. While cellulose is the most abundant and cost‐effective organic material extractable from nature. ZnO is cheap and known of its photocatalytic, antibacterial, and UV absorption properties. ZnO nanowires are grown directly onto cellulose fibers in water solutions and then dewatered in a process mimicking existing steps of large‐scale papermaking technology. The ZnO NW paper exhibits excellent photo‐conducting properties under simulated sunlight with good ON/OFF switching and long‐term stability (90 minutes). It also acts as an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation (5.7 × 10−9 m s−1) with an envision the possibility of using it in buildings to enable large surfaces to spontaneously produce H2O2 at its outer surface. Such technology promise for fast degradation of microorganisms to suppress the spreading of diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MoO 3 -based anodes for lithium storage have attracted more attentions due to the relatively high specific capacity of 1117 mAh g–1 and good chemical stability. Compound MoO 3 with other functional materials and construction of unique micromorphologies have been proved to be efficient strategies for improving the electrochemical performances of MoO 3 -based anodes. Herein, MoO 3 /TiO 2 composites were successfully biosynthesized with different micromorphologies. In the preparation processes, the hydrothermal and solvothermal treatments were carried out successively in the presence of cellulosic filter paper as the biotemplate, followed by calcination of the as-obtained composites in air, resulting in the final MoO 3 /TiO 2 composite materials. The two microstructures of the MoO 3 microfiber with entire TiO 2 nanoparticles coating and the MoO 3 microrod formed by stacking the microsheets with loosely TiO 2 nanoparticles covering were prepared under different pH values of the precursor. Compared with the bare MoO 3 materials, the corresponding MoO 3 /TiO 2 composites showed enhanced electrochemical performances as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Especially the MoO 3 /TiO 2 composite with core-shell microfibrous structure derived from cellulosic filter paper presented relatively better test results for lithium storage, delivering an initial discharge capacity of 1297.6 mAh g−1 with the first Coulombic efficiency of 65.8%, and a reversible specific capacity of 403.6 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles. It is demonstrated that a well-defined TiO 2 coating layer can effectively inhibit the volume variations of MoO 3 matter in the lithiation/delithiation processes. Combined with the porous microfibrous structure that alleviates the stress, provides more reaction sites and reduces diffusion paths of lithium-ion, a promising MoO 3 -based anode material was achieved. This work provides a facile biotemplate-based strategy for the design and fabrication of metal oxide-based composites with adjustable microstructures for energy storage. [Display omitted] • Cellulosic filter paper derived MoO 3 /TiO 2 composites with variable micromorphologies were biosynthesized. • Microfibrous MoO 3 was coated by TiO 2 nanoparticles uniformly using the precursor with original pH value. • It showed enhanced reversible capacity, cycling stability and rate capability as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. • The microstructural feature of biotemplate and the entire TiO 2 coating contribute to the improved lithium storage property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three-dimensional WO 2 /MoO 2 @P, N-CNTs were prepared by the Self-template method. • Highly conductive and hollow structure of WO 2 /MoO 2 @P, N-CNTs avoided aggregation of NiCo-LDH. • IMSC devices were prepared by fully screen-printed technology. • IMSCs demonstrated excellent energy density (0.0590 mWh cm−2), cycling stability (100% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles) and mechanical stability (lighting the bulb under extremely distorted conditions). In-plane micro-supercapacitors (IMSCs) have greater promise for use in flexible wearable electronics than traditional stacked configurations due to their ease of integration and conformability. Nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide (NiCo-LDH) has garnered significant interest as a stellar material for supercapacitors because of its affordable price, regular morphology, and high theoretical capacity. Unfortunately, the intrinsic poor conductivity of LDH materials prevents supercapacitors from achieving long-term stable cycling and the desired energy density. This research successfully applies the self-templated approach to prepare carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with heterogeneous architectures and numerous phase interfaces, thereby mitigating this disadvantage. Carbon nanosheets adorned with WO 2 and MoO 2 nanoparticles assemble the CNT with a typical three-dimensional structure. When combined with LDH in a suitable ratio, the composite electrode's conductivity significantly improves, providing increased capacity and cycling stability. Compared to commercial CNTs, the larger size of the prepared WO 2 /MoO 2 @P, N-CNTs serves a superior supporting and connecting role, thereby preventing the NiCo-LDH from aggregating. Under the best conditions, the composite electrode demonstrates a capacity of 1237 C/g at 1 A g−1 and an optimal capacity retention of more than 92%. For the IMSC devices, the composite materials as the positive electrode achieve an energy density of 0.0590 mWh cm−2, and no capacity degradation is observed after 10,000 cycles. In addition, bending tests have demonstrated the mechanical stability of the IMSCs. Therefore, this strategy of mixing highly conductive WO 2 /MoO 2 @P, N-CNTs can effectively improve the conductivity of the composite material and the mechanical properties of the overall device. Furthermore, this concept can be further extended to the preparation and application of other wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical composites (CFP–PANI) of carbon fiber papers (CFP) and polyaniline (PANI) have been facilely prepared by in-situ polymerization of aniline monomers on the surface of CFP films, which were simply obtained by low-cost carbonization of widely used filter paper. The wood–celluloses, which serve as the main component and the backbone of filter paper, are key raw materials for fabricating energy-related devices. Carbon fibers with porous structure were formed after the cellulose fibers were carbonized at high temperature. And cross-linked conductive networks have been achieved with the carbon fibers connected with each other. Different amounts of aniline monomer were in-situ polymerized on the surface of CFP, resulting in the formation of three-dimensional (3D) free-standing composite paper of CFP–PANI. Compared with pristine CFP and pure PANI, greatly enhanced electrochemical performance of CFP–PANI composite has been successfully achieved, including high specific capacitance (334 F g −1 ), good cycling stability as well as excellent rate capability. These superior electrochemical properties of CFP–PANI composite paper can be ascribed to the hierarchical structure of CFP, strong interaction between CFP and PANI, as well as the synergistic capacitance performance of CFP films and PANI nanoparticles, suggesting CFP–PANI composite paper thus simply prepared is good candidate for applications in high performance energy storage fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the limitation of storage condition, paper cultural relics are constantly subject to human damage and natural aging, requiring rescue protection. In this study, a series of nanocellulose/calcium carbonate microcapsule/fluorine‐acrylamide styrene/acrylic copolymer composite protection materials were prepared and used as an efficient self‐healing composite coating for paper cultural relics protection. CaCO3 microcapsules were prepared by interfacial reaction method and doped into the polymer materials to obtain the self‐healing composite coating. The properties of composite protection materials were studied via the self‐healing experiment, dry heat accelerated aging test, and reversible experiment. The effects of composite protection materials on simulate paper cultural relics were analyzed. The results show that when the amount of hollow calcium carbonate microcapsules was 0.500 g, the composite protection materials had good comprehensive performances. The prepared materials work positive influence on the conservation of simulate paper cultural relics that could be one of the potential materials for application in protection of paper cultural relics. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 60: 288–296, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Agriculture & Forestry is the property of Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This is a review of studies on various types of paper-based epoxy composites currently being designed and developed for technological use. The concept of designing composite materials is very significant for small to large industry and it is important where initiation of repairing work is now being considered for engineering applications. This composite material is of interest due to its advantages compared with others, including low environmental effects and low cost for a wide range of works. This review aims to provide an overview of morphological, physical and mechanical properties of various paper sheetsbased epoxy composites and details of achievements made. From this approach, this paper also presents the preliminary study of SEM results of paper sheets-based epoxy composites designed for repairing work applications. It has been found that a well-arranged laminated paper sheet layers could help the bond strength with epoxy matrix. Thus, this paper sheet-based epoxy composite can be considered as an easiest way, cheap and biodegradable that can be used for various small repairing works in structural and automotive applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronics devices that facilitate our daily life are rapidly reaching into almost every area of our lives nowadays. Wireless communication using electromagnetic waves is preferred rather than wired communication due to the physical hardship in communication of these devices with each other. Electromagnetic waves provide communication between transmitter and receiver and also reach to unintended targets except receiver. If electromagnetic wave reaches an electronics circuit, it will cause the formation of undesired parasitic currents and the destruction of electronic circuits defined as electromagnetic interference. If electromagnetic wave reaches the tissue environment, it will change the structure and arrangement of cells at the molecular level depending on the wave frequency and power. As a result of long term exposure, it may cause cancer and its derivatives in living organism due to changes in cell structure. As seen in the electromagnetic studies, it may cause irreversible damage to living organism exposed to electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the study carried out will have an effect especially protection of living species against the electromagnetic wavelength's harmful effects. In this study, it is aimed to be performed of the mineral doped waste paper-based board design which will absorb electromagnetic waves that imposed nowadays in any environment. Experimental results show that electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of waste paper fibers with mineral powders (BaSO4, C, Fe2O3) is acceptable levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 100 million tons of cotton waste are produced annually, representing 35–40% of global textile waste. However, less than 30% of cotton waste is recycled annually. In particular, the fibers less than 7 mm in length dropped during the opening and carding process of cotton waste fabrics have not found a mature utilization method. This work demonstrates and reveals a strategy to transform short cotton fibers into a renewable cellulose fiber self-reinforcing composite paper (CCP). Recycled cotton staple fibers less than 3 mm were prepared into CNFs by TEMPO oxidation. The use of recycled cotton fiber (3–7 mm) as reinforcement and CNFs as a matrix results in a composite material bonded through hydrogen bonding. The recovered cotton fibers and CNFs soliquoid combine together to form a paper pulp, which is then transformed into CCP using wet-laid webs and hot-pressing techniques. When the CNF content reached 5%, the tensile strength of CCP was 86.68 MPa, which is 1.8 times that of the commercial A4 paper. The tensile strength of the CCP only decreases by 25% from the dry state to the wet state, while that of A4 paper after soaking water is almost zero. This makes CCP a special paper with broad application prospects. Since CNF extracted from cotton waste textiles is used as a strengthening agent and without any chemical adhesives added in the paper-making process, which makes the production process of CCP cleaner and can be recycled in a closed loop. Overall, the promising strategy achieves at least four objectives related to cleaner production: maximum recycling of cotton waste, CNF instead of traditional chemical adhesives used in paper-making, water recovery (internal recycling), and realising closed-loop recycling. This technology can potentially be applied to a wide range of colored papers and intelligent packaging papers in the future. [Display omitted] • Cellulose nanofibers extracted from cotton waste were used as an adhesive in papermaking. • A cellulose fiber self-reinforcing composite paper was prepared from cotton waste. • The cellulose composite paper has excellent mechanical strength and water stability. • The cellulose composite paper can be easily recycled with a prolonged life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

he objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of décor paper and resin type on physical properties such as density, moisture content, water absorption and thickness swelling; mechanic properties such as bending strength, modulus of elasticity in bending, and surface quality properties of the particleboards overlaid with non-impregnated and impregnated papers. As a result, specimens laminated with MF impregnated papers showed better performance than those laminated with UF impregnated papers. Resin type and décor papers affected the physical, mechanical (with exception of tension strength) and surface properties of laminated particleboards. Physical and mechanical properties of laminated particleboard were significantly improved compared to un-laminated particleboards. It was found that décor paper affected the surface properties such as impact, scratch, and abrasion, resistance to staining and cigarette burn. However, it did not change the cracking and steaming properties of laminated samples.

In this study, we investigated the compatibility of kraft paper and plastic wastes. Also, the physical and mechanical properties of the paper-plastic composite were determined. Pulverized kraft paper wastes and fine sachet water particles were weighed and mixed together using different mixing ratios (50% of paper & 50% of plastic (1:1), 33% of paper & 67% of plastic (1:2) and 25% of paper & 75% of plastic (1:3)). The method of composite production employed was extrusion method. The results of water absorption (WA) conducted on the paper-plastic composite material ranged between 0.03% - 0.16% and 0.03% - 0.20% for 2 and 24 hours respectively. The average values obtained for thickness swell (TS) ranged between 0.00% - 0.23% and 0.00% - 0.33% for 2 and 24 hours respectively. The average values obtained for tensile modulus ranged between 0.11GPa to 0.33GPa and the average values obtained for tensile strength ranged between 9.99MPa to 15.12MPa. The result obtained from this study shows that kraft paper wastes and water sachet wastes can be utilized as a composite material as they were compatible. In addition, 25% of paper & 75% of plastic waste (1:3) gives the best mixing ratio as indicated by the result with the most dimensionally stable and high strength properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ni@FP photocatalytic material was firstly prepared by a facile and low-cost method. • Ni@FP photocatalyst had strong magnetic properties and can be easily recycled. • Ni@FP photocatalyst's photocatalytic degradation rate reached to 93.40% within 5 min. • Ni@FP photocatalytic material possessed strong antibacterial ability. Photocatalytic materials have been widely used to remove dyes from printing and dyeing wastewater. However, difficulty in recycling of photocatalysts is the great concern in the real catalytic applications, which significantly raises the application cost. This study developed a low-cost catalyst by loading magnetic Ni onto filter paper (FP) via an easy going in-situ reaction. The characterization results displayed that the Ni particles were uniformly anchored onto the FP. The Ni@FP material presented a strong magnetic ability which was evidenced by a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 5.014 emu·g−1, a remanent magnetization (Mr) of 2.067 emu·g−1 and a coercivity (Hc) of 133.868 Oe. Meanwhile, the magnetic Ni@FP material displayed a recyclable advantage in photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) via an external magnetic field. There existed an optimal photocatalytic degradation rate of 93.40% within 5 min when MO concentration was 15 mg·L−1 at pH 8.0. Three cycle experiments confirmed that the Ni@FP possessed a satisfied stability and recycling ability. Moreover, the Ni@FP material presented a strong antibacterial activity which can prevent it from being contaminated by microorganisms. The versatility of the newly proposed photocatalyst in this study demonstrated its great application prospect in dyeing wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flaxseed and guar gums were studied for their potential to produce in water stable viscous fluids loaded with poly(styrene sulfonate) PSSNa and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT):PSS as hydrogels or viscous ink composite materials. In case of the composite hydrogels, their contents and mechanical behaviors were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy and rheology respectively. Once dried on a glassy carbon electrode, for a sample containing PEDOT:PSS, the morphology of the thin layer was observed by FE-SEM for monitoring the quality of the coating. Later, for further practical reasons, performant working electrodes were also prepared from these hydrogels simply by casting on a small piece of carbon paper. PEDOT electropolymerization were tried using a coating made of PSSNa in mixture with one of the polysaccharides. This step showed some difficulties due to the enhancement of the hydrophilic character of the carbon paper surface. Then, a definitive improvement of a direct electropolymerization of PEDOT was permitted by using another type of coating material always involving the previous guar gum-PSSNa composite reinforced with 4 wt% of exfoliated graphite powder in order to enhance both hydrophobicity and adhesion of the electropolymerized PEDOT. Finally, additional cyclic voltammetry experiences such as Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy were carried out to identify two of our most promising candidates of PEDOT:PSS based electroconductive materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry makes a significant contribution to global CO2 emissions. Material extraction, processing, and demolition account for most of its environmental impact. As a response, there is an increasing interest in developing and implementing innovative biomaterials that support a circular economy, such as mycelium-based composites. The mycelium is the network of hyphae of fungi. Mycelium-based composites are renewable and biodegradable biomaterials obtained by ceasing mycelial growth on organic substrates, including agricultural waste. Cultivating mycelium-based composites within molds, however, is often wasteful, especially if molds are not reusable or recyclable. Shaping mycelium-based composites using 3D printing can minimize mold waste while allowing intricate forms to be fabricated. In this research, we explore the use of waste cardboard as a substrate for cultivating mycelium-based composites and the development of extrudable mixtures and workflows for 3D-printing mycelium-based components. In this paper, existing research on the use of mycelium-based material in recent 3D printing efforts was reviewed. This review is followed by the MycoPrint experiments that we conducted, and we focus on the main challenges that we faced (i.e., contamination) and the ways in which we addressed them. The results of this research demonstrate the feasibility of using waste cardboard as a substrate for cultivating mycelia and the potential for developing extrudable mixtures and workflows for 3D-printing mycelium-based components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes a facile method for the preparation of cellulosic catalyst paper: the in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on zinc oxide (ZnO) whiskers, the preferential support for AuNPs, preloaded into a paper matrix. The ZnO paper composites were fabricated using a high-speed and low-cost paper-making technique, and immersed in an aqueous solution of HAuCl4. After drying, fine 5 nm AuNPs were successfully formed on the ZnO whiskers inside the paper matrix. As- prepared AuNPs@ZnO whisker-containing paper (AuNPs@ZnO paper) is similar to ordinary paper products, being flexible, lightweight, and easy to handle. The AuNPs@ZnO paper exhibited a high catalytic efficiency towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in aqueous media. Furthermore, the addition of a polyamideamine epichlorohydrin resin provided a wet strength to the AuNPs@ZnO paper, which enables several catalyst recycles with no significant losses in catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous 3D composite materials are interesting anode electrodes for single chamber microbial fuel cells (SCMFCs) since they exploit a surface layer that is able to achieve the correct biocompatibility for the proliferation of electroactive bacteria and have an inner charge transfer element that favors electron transfer and improves the electrochemical activity of microorganisms. The crucial step is to fine-tune the continuous porosity inside the anode electrode, thus enhancing the bacterial growth, adhesion, and proliferation, and the substrate's transport and waste products removal, avoiding pore clogging. To this purpose, a novel approach to synthetize a 3D composite aerogel is proposed in the present work. A 3D composite aerogel, based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a conductive filler, was obtained by pouring this mixture over the commercial sugar, used as removable template to induce and tune the hierarchical continuous porosity into final nanostructures. In this scenario, the granularity of the sugar directly affects the porosities distribution inside the 3D composite aerogel, as confirmed by the morphological characterizations implemented. We demonstrated the capability to realize a high-performance bioelectrode, which showed a 3D porous structure characterized by a high surface area typical of aerogel materials, the required biocompatibility for bacterial proliferations, and an improved electron pathway inside it. Indeed, SCMFCs with 3D composite aerogel achieved current densities of (691.7 ± 9.5) mA m−2, three orders of magnitude higher than commercial carbon paper, (287.8 ± 16.1) mA m−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fly ash-based calcium silicate (FACS), which has a large surface area (121 m2/g) and porous structure, has the potential to be used as a filler for the production of high-bulk paper. In theory, paper with a higher bulk has a lower strength. This work explores the possibility of improving paper strength without compromising its bulk through co-flocculation of cellulosic fines and FACS. To investigate the effect of co-flocculation on paper properties, composites made with various ratios of fines to FACS were studied. Results showed that paper bulk and tensile strength increased with increasing ratio of fines to FACS, up to 0.3 at 17% filler content. To further confirm these findings, the structures of composites were studied with a light microscope and scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Images showed that the composite formed at the ratio of 0.3 exhibited a larger size and looser structure than other composites, which can be attributed to the improvement of the paper's strength and bulk. Schemes for the composite formation process and its interactions with fibers were also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrolysis characteristics of Tetra Pak, a paperboard-polyethylene-aluminium foil, were investigated in this study with a focus on the synergistic effect between its individual components. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that molten LDPE coating on cellulose surface led to suppression on mass and heat transfer and the increased activation energy of pyrolysis reaction. Samples of individual components and simulated Tetra Pak packaging were pyrolyzed in a thermogravimetric analyzer at various heating rates. Synergistic effect between cellulose and LDPE on E a and the formation of characteristic products are investigated: Kinetic analysis showed that the cellulose decomposition peak in the simulated mixture exhibited a higher E a than that of pure cellulose at each conversion rate. For LDPE, the free radicals formed from cellulose pyrolysis enhanced the degradation of plastic polymers, resulting that E a of its decomposition peak in the mixture being lower in comparison to pure LDPE, with a discrepancy of around 16–27 kJ·mol−1. The formation of characteristic products including levoglucosan, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and alkanes from pyrolysis of cellulose and LDPE mixture with different mass ratios was further investigated in a micro-pyrolyzer. The results suggested that synergistic effects and physical barrier existed during fast pyrolysis between cellulose and LDPE. The extent of the synergy effect depended on the proportion of cellulose and LDPE in the mixture. • Synergistic effect was investigated during pyrolysis of Tetra Pak. • Molten LDPE coating on cellulose increases E a of cellulose pyrolysis. • The extent of synergy effect depends on the proportion of cellulose and LDPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Al 2 O 3 /Cu-O composites were fabricated from the paper-derived alumina matrix infiltrated with a Cu-3.2 wt% O alloy. Paper-derived alumina preforms with an open porosity ranging from ∼ 14 to ∼ 25 vol% were prepared by sintering of alumina-loaded preceramic papers at 1600 °C for 4 h. Pressureless infiltration at 1320 °C for 4 h of the preforms with Cu–O alloy resulted in the nearly dense materials with good mechanical and electrical properties, e.g. fracture toughness up to 6 MPa m0.5, four-point-bending strength up to 342 MPa, Young's modulus up to 281 GPa and electrical conductivity up to 2 MS/m depending on the volume fraction of copper alloy in the composites. The technological capability of this approach was demonstrated using prototypes in various engineering fields fabricated by lamination, corrugating and Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]