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Severe Environmental problems arises across the world due to accumulation of paper waste as landfills large quantity of resources are being utilised by the construction sector, creating a huge demand for construction materials. This paper presents an experimental study carried out by utilising waste paper in concrete Bricks which is a new innovation composite material. An experimental study on compaction strength, weight, water absorption characteristics subjected to sun dried and water curing methods of casting were studied in details. It was observed that usage of paper in concrete has good strength, toughness, has reduction in weight of the brick considerably and also had a low thermal conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete is a versatile composite material which due to its beneficial properties e.g., form ability, fast construction process, relatively high compressive strength available in short term, considerable long-term durability, etc. may find usage in many applications throughout different sectors. Dense composite matrix which is, on the one hand, responsible for good mechanical resistance can be, on the other hand, counterproductive in view of excessive dead loading of bearing structures and its high thermal conductivity. In this paper waste expanded polystyrene as a replacement of traditional dense aggregate in concrete production was used. Polymer-based alternative, in the fraction of 2.0/4.0 mm, was applied in amounts of 0-100 vol.%, and its effect on physical, strength and thermal-physical properties on 28 days aged concretes was monitored. Obtained data confirmed combined substantial lightening of produced composites accompanied with improvement of their thermal-insulation function. High dosages of lightweight aggregate in concrete mixes led to significant reduction of their mechanical resistance, however, at balanced portions of polymeric material structural grade concrete may be manufactured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, three types of recycled waste paper fibers were used to manufacture cement composites reinforced with recycled cellulosic fibers. Waste cellulosic fibers in quantity of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.% were added to cement mixtures. Physical properties such as density, water capillarity, water absorbability and thermal conductivity of fiber cement composites were studied after 28 days of hardening. However, durability of composites was tested after their water storage up to 90 days. Final results of tested properties of fiber cement composites were compared with cement reference sample without cellulosic fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of magnetite nanoparticles to produce magnetic paper has a severe effect on the color of the paper, which is worth searching means to alleviate. Multicore-shell Fe3O4-SiO2 magnetic nanocomposites were synthesized. The nanocomposite powder was dispersed in cellulose pulp and paper was produced by dehydration on a Rapid Kothen machine. The nanocomposite retention efficiency was investigated in correlation with nanocomposite shell thickness, the resinous vs. deciduous fiber content of the cellulose pulp, the long and short fibers' grinding degree, the cationic starch and polymeric retention agent content of the pulp. The whiteness and magnetization was measured for all paper samples. It was proved that the use of multi-core shell magnetic nanocomposites leads to weaker paper coloring. This effect is enhanced by increasing the polymeric retention agent content of the pulp, in spite of higher composite content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the static evaluation of the Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) beam using the Discrete Shear Gap (DSG) beam element. FGMs are new composite materials consisting of two or more basic materials. In this paper, we use ceramic and metal. Metal is a material that is resistant to structural flexibility, while ceramic is a material that is resistant to high temperatures. Varying volume fractions continuously change their material properties. In this paper, we use the power-law rule for the material properties. The DSG element was proposed by Bletzinger, Bischoff, and Ramm. Static problems are analyzed to obtain the displacements on the FGMs beams over varying boundary conditions and the ratio of L/h. The results of the present work are compared with the reference solution. The result shows that the DSG element still suffers from shear locking on thin beams by using a small number of elements. But with the increasing number of elements, the DSG element converges to the exact solution. DSG elements give a good result for the case of thin and thick beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now a days technology is playing important role in every aspect. In the world of composites, structural proficiency and effectiveness has more importance. Composite materials are very strong and lightweight. The growth of composite applications is increasing in every field. Applications of composite materials have high demand in the areas of aeronautical, aerospace, automobile, medical, civil construction, electronic, submarine industries etc., In this paper the composite materials in the orientation [0/90] fabrication and testing had done to obtain the results. Result shows the strength of composite materials (Jute & E – Glass fiber) for different ply layups. The properties of this composite plates are compared and determined experimentally according to ASTM standards (ASTM D7264) using UTM machine (UNITEK 94100). In this paper hand layup fabrication method are used for fabricating laminates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite material is called a Metal matrix composite (MMC) when the matrix material is a metal (Al, Mg, Cu,etc.). Reinforced material is chemically distinct which may be particulate, fibers, whiskers form, etc. when reinforced material is added to the matrix metal in proper proportion it increases its mechanical properties. The Aluminum class of matrix material is having large scope for the development of new composite material based on its favorable properties such as high strength on account of weight comparison and low density that it possesses. In this research paper, an effort was made to develop a composite material with ferroniobium (Fe-Nb) as the reinforcement material. As an initial stage of research, large weight portions (10, 20, 30, 40 %wt) of Fe-Nb particulate was added to analyze the mechanical propertiesof the Al6061 MMC. Stir casting methodology was selected considering its low cost of production. The stirring speed was maintained as 200 rpm and stirring time as 15min. It was noticed that with a gradual increase in %wt portions of reinforcement, eventuated increase in mechanical properties. This paper aims at the fabrication of MMCs via. Stir Casting route and characterization of the composite were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modified grain refinement influences much enriched properties in Aluminum Metal Matrix composite materials. This paper is analyzed the heat treatment which causes major changes in the eutectic matrix with reinforcement. Wide range of researches are available on the heat treatment of alloy materials, have been reviewed. Even though the microporosity in unavoidable, modified microstructure reveals that spherodization rate of eutectic silicon (Mg2Si) particles are more than ordinary as cast samples. The extent of structural change shows that some parameters like mean diameter, globular shape particles count and secondary dendrite arm spacing are strongly influenced the functional behavior of the material. This research paper investigates the microstructure refinement of Al-Si alloys with various heat treatment holding time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical and chemical process at nano level manipulates the behavior of cement-based materials. Nanomaterials are highly effective in reinforcing and improving the properties of cement composites. Concrete is a heterogeneous composite material which is widely utilized in the construction industry. The microstructural performance, fresh concrete and hardened concrete properties vary due to complex nature of concrete ingredients. In order to improve the functional properties, convert conventional cement-based materials into stronger, more durable and smarter composites, nano materials are being used predominantly. Recent progress of nano materials on the influence of properties of cement composites, current developments and novel techniques are reviewed in this paper. This paper further summarizes the current understanding of the microstructure, mechanical and durability properties of cement composites by including various types of nanomaterials. Research available on nanomaterials has shown that it is possible to enhance the properties of conventional cement-based materials with the inclusion of nanomaterials. Some such nanomaterials include nano silica(ns), nano TiO2, CNT (Carbon Nano Tubes), nano graphene oxide(nGO) and nano ZnO. Further studies involving material characterization techniques to evaluate microstructural properties of cement nano composites at nanoscale are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An overview of the mechanical properties of textile fiber materials is presented herein, including fiber strength, elongation, elasticity, wear resistance, modulus of elasticity, and other properties of non-conventional fiber materials (hemp, flax, jute, wood fiber, rice husks, straw wheat, oats, bagasse, barley, grass reeds, banana fiber, oil palm, empty fruit bunch, coir, sisal, cotton, kenaf, ramie, water pennywort, paper-mulberry, kapok, abaca, pineapple leaf fiber and Lotus fiber). Recent research has shown that these materials are more attractive to scientists than fiber reinforced composites due to their low cost, non-abrasive, and eco-friendly benefits. By developing biodegradable composites, natural fibers could be an important solution to solving current ecological and environmental issues. We have conducted a brief overview of natural fibers, as they are abundantly available in India out of which approximately 13.5 million tons of bananas are produced every year in India. The fiber from bananas is used as a raw material for some industrial products like paper, tea bags, currency, and polymer composites. The normally treated banana fiber retained a higher mechanical strength than the artificially treated strands. As far as synthetic way of behaving, the examples that were blended in with banana tree trunk debris precisely and other synthetically treated normal examples created outcomes that were exceptionally near conventional treated compound source samples. Hence, the utilization of eco accommodating wet technology innovation, for example, banana tree trunk debris preparation in form of ash, which can considerably lessen the utilization of synthetic compounds in the process for scouring system of materials. In this article we also find evidence that natural fibers can be used as reinforcement in polymer composite materials. They are a low-cost, renewable alternative to synthetic fibers. In contrast to synthetic fibers, banana fiber has certain advantages including low density, low cost, non-toxicity, comparable strength, and effortless disposal, yet with fiber treatments it can enhance the mechanical properties. It is reviewed in this paper how banana fibers differ in use, application and properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies experimentally and analytically the orientation effect of fiber on absorbed energy for natural composite materials pipe made from wool with polyester. This paper involves designing and fabricating wool composite pipes with volume fraction (23%, and 46%) and dimensions pipe are (6 mm thickness, 110 mm diameter and 280 mm long), and with two layers. three sequences (0-0, 0-45, and 0-90and) were manufactured of Pipes with three angels (0°, 45°, and 90°), the number of pipes that manmade is six pipes. hand filament winding is used to make the pipes. In this paper ballistic test is applied to the samples by 9 mm bullet with original speed 368 m/sec and it's sorted as medium speed. By using the energy balance for experimentally analyzation part, the energy absorbed by the pipes from the projectile has been calculated. To find the mechanical properties the tensile test was used in this paper. Analytical results show that the increasing of volume fraction of the composite pipes leads to increase the absorbed energy. Also, at VF (23% and 46%) the greatest value of absorbed energy was found at piling sequences (0-0) with total absorbed energy (698 J, and 998J) respectively. And at VF (23% and 46%) The smallest value of absorbed energy was found at (0-45) with (590 J and 722J) respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interferometric methods are known to be very sensitive, allowing metrology with resolutions better than the wavelength of the light used for illumination. On the other hand, those methods are susceptible to environmental and mechanical noise, usually. We use Shearography, a version of Speckle interferometry, which, in contrast, is a robust method, resistant to noise and vibrations and compatible to industrial applications. We survey thermally-induced Shearography in order to detect defects in plastic materials, especially in carbon fiber reinforced plastics. We show that by analyzing out-of-plane-deformations, it is possible to evaluate those data quantitatively, enabling the determination of the size as well as the depth of defects. The method of depth determination is based on a gray-scale evaluation with respect to the deformations induced. It has been applied for defects localized in depths up to 10 mm, so far. The method of size determination is based on modeling the dependence of the apparent defect size as a function of the amount of shearing. Simulations of the out-of-plane-deformations for specific defects in different materials have been performed as well. The simulations’ results help to understand how to interpret the experimental data. In addition they suggest that the sensitivity for the detection of defects is essentially higher in thermally-induced shearography- than in thermography-experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need of new age industrial materials has been raising due to huge soar in the conventional materials as the sources are depleting sharply. Green composites are the best alternatives as the materials are biodegradable and can be selected based on the different applications. In this review paper some of the majorly used green composite materials are classified and described with their properties which will make it easy in the material selection phase for developing a green composite for a desired application. This paper will give us an overview on the chemical properties and mechanical properties of various naturalfibers, manufacturing techniques and its commercial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complex permittivity of materials is a critical parameter in material diagnosis, as it describes their reaction to AC voltage. Researchers often use techniques such as the Cole-Cole diagram or the Havriliak-Negami equation to determine the frequency-dependence of complex permittivity. However, the interpretation of the Cole-Cole diagram can be challenging due to the overlapping contributions of multiple relaxation processes. In contrast, the Havriliak-Negami equation provides a more accurate and detailed characterization of the dielectric properties of amorphic materials. This paper presents a simple semi-automated application of the Havriliak-Negami equation to evaluate the influence of nanoscale fillers on the properties of polyester-imide resins. Nanocomposites, which are composite materials in which one or more components have a nanoscale dimension, are promising candidates for a wide range of applications due to their ability to significantly enhance the electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of polymers. In this study, the researchers examined the influence of nanoscale fillers on the electrical properties of polyester-imide resins, which are commonly used as insulating materials in electrical rotating machines. The analysis presented in this paper provides an alternative indicator of the practical applications of nanocomposite dielectric materials. By examining the material in an unconventional manner, researchers can obtain new insights into their electrical properties and their potential for use in electrical rotating machines. The development of new dielectric composite materials can contribute to the improvement of the performance and efficiency of electrical machines, which is essential for the transition to a low-carbon energy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the fire properties of a liquid organic component of an intumescent type of material for protection from electromagnetic fields. The flammability group of the organic component of the protective composition was determined depending on the thickness of the film. It is shown that an increase in the film thickness from 1 mm and more even after 16 cycles of accelerated tests provides the first group of flammability. It was found that with a coating thickness of 1 mm, the temperature of the flue gases slightly exceeds the critical value (260 °С) in the range of 86-106 sec and 255-266 sec, the weight loss is 5.2%, which makes it possible to classify the organic component of the protective material as a flame retardant and non-flammable. The paper presents complete data on the fire dependence of the considered water-dispersive binder with a complex of coke-forming agents. It was found that an organic binder of the intumescent type with a film thickness of 1 mm, regardless of the test conditions, is characterized by the first group of flammability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive research has been carried out recently on composite laminated cylindrical shells to strengthen the structure. This paper includes a concise review of existing research on the behavior of composite laminated shells, keeping a strong focus on studies that contribute directly to the development of the composite field. Topics covered include material properties of composite structure, different shell shapes, various shell theories for vibrational analysis. From the topics covered above, reliable theories regarding free vibrational analysis are being found in the free vibrational analysis of laminated composite material; it was found that natural frequencies of composite material depend on the laminated scheme and boundary conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As there is diminish of reserves of artificial sources and their imperishable quality, people are searching on substitutes for artificial fiber and system of resin. Few of the emulations are utilized to replace synthetic fiber got successful by considering natural fibers.so researchers are started their work on natural fibers. Their work got improved and the effective performances of natural fiber composites are very impressive. But when compared with artificial fibers they are not achieving the performance of synthetic fiber. So researchers are working on different compositions of organic fibers to achieve the same benefits of artificial fiber (6, 7, and 8). Apart from the advantages of natural fibers they also have a few limitations such as less strength, low thermal stability and moisture properties (8, 9). In this paper we are working on some of the commercially used fibers available in nature like kenaf, combined with resins which are natural. The properties of material and some of the techniques used for strengthen the fiber made it strong as artificial fiber. Bio Chemical treatment used in the fabrication process and loading mechanical methods is used to improve the strength of the natural available fibers. Bio-degradable and abundantly available at lower cost are the main advantages of naturally available fiber and for bio resin system. Natural fiber composites material has gained success commercially in many applications such as aircraft industry, automobiles, goods in sporting, and other appliances are quite dependent on natural fiber-reinforced plastics. By using naturally available fibers in combination with natural resins, the bio-based composites had improved the properties of the material mechanically and can potentially employed for structural purpose then synthetic fiber like UG/BF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper prediction of nonlinear behavior of a square plate made of composite material under uniform transverse pressure using 3-D finite element analysis is analyzed. Transverse deflection, principal stresses and shear stresses are evaluated for different values of load and by varying the number of layers. The effect of loading and stresses in both the analyses for all the values of composite laminated plate with different stacking sequence are determined. In this the effect of layer thickness for different layup responses of laminate under the clamped boundary conditions is also studied. Using analysis software ANSYS linear static and geometric nonlinear static analysis is to be carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bio-wastes from the industries, households, and markets are often underutilized and usually accumulate at landfills. Though these fillers are inferior in properties compared to synthetic fillers, they can still be used as potential reinforcements for the polymer composites requiring low to moderate strength and stiffness. This article intends to discuss the influence of various types of fillers, physical characteristics such as size, aspect ratio of the filler, etc.,and % weight of the fillers on the thermal and mechanical properties of the composites reinforced with these fillers. It also aims to bring in the interfacial adhesion characteristics of the filler with the polymer matrix. The pioneering of bio-based composite materials in the automobile industry brings forth an impact on cost-effective and highly reliable materials. Biowaste from the industries, households, and markets was used as bio-fibersthat are used in the form of threads or also as fillers. This paper investigated the governing of bio-fillers effects on the mechanical and thermal properties of composite materials. The existence of bio-fillers exhibited improvement in both the strength and thermal stability of the composite materials. Filler influencewas based on weight percentage distinguished by the change in the strength of the composite materials due to the bonding and voids present in the composite materials that also affected the thermal firmness. This paper also discusses the characterization of fibers in terms of their constituents, strength, and thermal stability. These fillers influence the composite materials based on the different categories,such as (i) preparation process of fillers (ii) size of the fillers (iii) bonding of the fillers towards the matrix (iv)weight percentage of fillers, and (v) strength and thermal properties of fillers. This study also deals with the effect of hybridization of the composite materials by the presence of the fillers into the fiber-reinforced composite materials. Hence, the forthcoming study discusses the preparation of filler added composite materials, their mechanical and thermal properties of the composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the concepts of the solutions to improve functionality and performance of unmanned aerial vehicles. The analysis of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) market was performed with particular emphasis on innovative ideas. The paper describes the project on the application of intelligent materials in main rotor blades. The change of geometric characteristics such as the geometric twist angle will be fully controllable by simple temperature or magnetic field controllers with compensation due to ambient conditions (external temperature). Many research works in the global aviation industry focus on the application of intelligent materials in aircraft. The majority of such studies is devoted to solutions improving the performance of fixed-wing aircraft. This is related to their currently dominant market share. High market dynamics, limitations of simulation systems, e.g. in numerical fluid mechanics (difficulties in turbulence modelling) and innovative potential of intelligent materials have resulted in the creation of a technological niche for new solutions in the rotorcraft sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a finite element model for the amphibious aircraft spreader bar using a composite structure will be presented. The initial spreader bar cross-section is an ellipse with an overall thickness of 3.8 mm and an additional thickness on the minor axis. The spreader bar using a composite structure is proposed to replace the initial spreader bar using aluminium. Composite Toray-TCA T700S-12K-50C#2510 Plain Weave Fabric will be used to replace aluminium 6061-T6. The composite spreader bar cross-section is similar to the initial design by applying ply drop-off to vary the thickness of its cross-section. There are 44 plies for the thick zone and 18 for the thin zone. For stacking sequences, all zones use symmetric layers. Model verification has been performed by comparing the spreader bar cross-section from the computer-aided design and finite element model. The spreader bar is modeled with a 2D shell element to obtain the failure index and margin of safety using Tsai-Wu failure criteria. The side load while landing will be used in this paper because it is a critical load during the flight. The side load generates tension, compression, shear, roll moment, yaw moment, and torsion in the spreader bar structure. The spreader bar structure using composite material is 42.8% lighter than using aluminium. The margin of safety of spreader bar structure using aluminium and composite material are -0.37 and 1.54, respectively. This results mean that composite structure can be used as an amphibious aircraft spreader bar, which is safer than aluminium in terms of strength, but not better in terms of stiffness due to its lower elastic modulus than aluminium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of substitute material for existing material with special properties is a new vogue for academicians and industrialists. The chief motive for the development of natural fiber-reinforced composites (NFRCs) is to earn carbon credits. In numerous engineering applications, the use of composite made from natural fibers is well accepted due to their superior properties like low cost, eco-friendly nature, and low weight. This paper aims to present results published from research activities on natural fiber reinforced composites material. This paper shows a comprehensive overview of the effect of fiber orientations, fiber volume, chemical treatments, and hybridization on the mechanical properties of different natural fiber-reinforced composite materials. The development of new material is mainly focused on the material's design and failure behavior. Material strength data is taken from laboratory data while designing the larger structure. Composite material acts as quasi-brittle material and for quasi-brittle materials, the nominal strength depends on the structure size also. The review covers the need for the establishment of scaling laws for NFRCs with large initial traction-free cracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the influence of Aluminium alloy low carbon (Al-LC) steel composite foam in the joint dynamic property of Redundant Delta Parallel Robot (RDPR) by adopting multibody system methodology. The customized composite foam material is used as design material for delta robot components during the Solidworks CAD model development, which is incorporated with Simscape Multibody simulation tool. The dynamic property, torque exerted at robot joints are identified by means of Simscape Multibody simulation of system blocks scheme of delta. The results of Simscape simulation revealed the pertinence of applying Al-LC steel composite foam in designing redundant delta robot based on the dynamic property observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been noted the wide spread of the use of composite materials due to their specific strength that made them the best alternative to many other materials, However, the high cost of synthetic fibers represents an obstacle to the use of composite materials in most applications. Therefore, research has tended to test natural fibers, which are the ideal solution for using composite materials in many industries such as furniture, flooring, decoration, and others. This paper concerned with the study of natural composite materials made of Libyan almond shells. Three different sizes of ground almond shells were studied: large size in the form of grains, medium size, and the small size (powder form). These crushed peels were mixed with the resinous polyester resin in four proportions: ratio of 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, and 20:80. Three basic tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of the samples: impact test, tensile test, and flexural test. The results showed that samples made of almond peels in a powder form exhibits the best results among all other kind of specimens for three mentioned tests of mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative iron oxide embedded cellulose acetate membrane (FeO/CAM) was synthesized and used to study available phosphorus in Chinese lake sediments. The kinetics of available P release was investigated by FeO/CAM for different types of sediments ranging in Olsen-P from 19.1 to 170.6 mg/kg. The results showed that the average kd values (0.094 h-1) of the Taihu sediments were comparable to those of the soils with similar texture estimated by iron oxide impregnated filter paper (FeO paper) though they were generally lower than those of sandy soils. It is indicated that the FeO/CAM can be used as an infinite P sink to estimate available P (FeO-P). The concentrations of FeO-P were significantly correlated with those of extractable P forms, e.g. Olsen-P (R2 = 0.962, p<0.01) in lake sediments. This synthetic membrane excelled FeO paper in the endurance and the stain resistance to soil particles. Therefore, the FeO/CAM is useful to assess phosphorus bioavailability of the sediments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties of materials are determined by their structure. Because of the wide capabilities of novel technologies for the formation of complex multiscale structure of new materials, the ability of modern computational methods to describe and characterize such a structure completely is of particular interest. In this paper, a computational method for constructing a correlation function to describe a two-phase structure of the composite material was developed based on the analysis of two SEM images of its surface. It was shown that an analysis of the graphs of the correlation functions and their derivatives makes it possible to reveal the characteristic sizes of the structure for each of two phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite coatings with the addition of ceramic particles are prone to increased cracking during laser deposition. The following paper provides an early study of the effect of preheating of the substrate, on the structure of the material obtained with direct metal deposition. The parameters of laser exposure of Oerlikon Metcoclad 52052 powder were optimized and samples obtained without preheating and with it were compared. It is shown that preheating of a substrate heating leads to a better dissolution of ceramic particles in a metal matrix, an increase in its microhardness, as well as a decrease in the number of pores and cracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of experimental work on the development of the technique for obtaining composite material on the basis of aluminum-manganese bronze CuAl9Mn2 with the introduction of 5-25% of the nickel alloy Udimet500 during printing. The results obtained testify to a high degree of applicability of the two-wire electron-beam printing technology to composites of the bronze-nickel system with different contents of strengthening phases. There were no defects in the form of cracks or delaminations in the samples. The defect-free structure was obtained by empirical selection of printing process parameters and geometry of wire input into the melt bath. Increasing the volume fraction of the input nickel alloy resulted in an increase of the tensile strength up to 700 MPa. Intermetallic NiAl and Ni3Al as well as M23C6 carbides formed in the structure in large amounts. Also particles with a complex structure of intermetallides and carbides were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of studies of the structure organization in composite materials based on copper and copper alloys when produced by electron beam additive technology with the adding of hardening phases using two-wire feeding and with the combined feeding of wire and powder. The conducted studies show the differences in the structure organization and typical defects depending on the way of hardening phases introduction. It is shown that both methods of composite material formation have a number of advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are becoming more popular in all manufacturing industries payable to their inimitable attributes such as high strength to weight ratio, incomparable mechanical capabilities, and improved durability. The use of waste materials in metal matrix composites is gaining popularity because they can reinforce particles in a metal matrix, improving the strength qualities of the composites. Furthermore, by recycling these waste materials, you not only save money on product development, but you also reduce pollution in the environment. The need for high-performance, low-cost materials pushed researchers all around the world to shift their attention from monolithic to composite materials. Recently, considerable work has been expended in this field to develop a variety of metal matrix composite combinations. This paper discusses recent developments in the processing, applications, and mechanical characterization of aluminium composites reinforced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fibres are the savvier of environments. These fibres have shown their importance in many areas. Because natural fibres have high mechanical strength, they are used to create new neotypes of composite materials. The benefits of the composites are that they are light in weight, very low in cost, and eco-friendly. In this paper, wheat straw fibre and hemp fibre have been used with aluminium oxide, vermiculite, phenolic resin, and graphite to develop a new type of polymer composite. The newly developed samples have shown good mechanical properties as well as physical and chemical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composites are most attractive and promising material of this century. Their excellent performance in various fields of applications like aerospace, medical, automotive etc. has made fiber reinforced polymer composite materials a great alternative to present alloys or metals. So in this review paper effort has been made to present an overview of different kinds of fibers and their classification w.r.t various FRP composite manufacturing techniques to find the optimized technique for significant applications. As per the literature, hand layup and pultrusion method is being used for making automotive parts, gas tanks, wind turbines, door panels, roofing, ropes and textiles by taking graphene, jute, flax and sisal fibers as reinforcements; filament winding and injection molding process showed good performance while making of armor, fuel cells, satellite parts, window frames and insulation boards by using carbon, jute, coir, rice husk as reinforcements; compression molding holds good in making of automotive, furniture, roofing sheets by considering hemp, kenaf, jute as reinforcements in various matrix. Many more methods like autoclaving, extrusion, resin transfer molding etc. are being used for making various products. So from the withdrawn conclusion it can be said that hand layup method, compression molding and injection molding techniques are significantly being used in making of most of the products of all types of industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the effect of nanoscale fillers of modifiers of various chemical nature, which are part of a polymer composite material (PCM), on the characteristics of physical and mechanical properties. Carbon nanotubes, carbon black, a product of processing of hydrocarbon raw materials and silicon dioxide were presented as the considered nanoscale fillers. The method of synthesis and testing of composite materials based on polytetrafluoroethylene is presented. According to the results of the study, the influence of nanoscale mono-fillers-modifiers on the physical and mechanical characteristics of antifriction nanocomposites based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was determined. The analysis of the test results was carried out and the components of a complex filler for creating a tribotechnical antifriction PCM with high physical and mechanical characteristics were determined. The influence of the concentration of carbon nanotubes in a polymer matrix on the reduction of the characteristics of the physical and mechanical properties of PTFE-based PCM is considered. Micrographs of the PCM structure with inhomogeneities and unstructured sections of the polymer matrix, as well as CNT (carbon nanotube) agglomeration sites, are shown. It is established that complex nanoscale fillers-modifiers with different chemical nature have a significant effect on the characteristics of the physical and mechanical properties of a polymer nanocomposite based on PTFE. A decrease in the relative elongation of the developed PCM with a complex filler modifier based on Aerosil R–106 and carbon black of the N-220 brand was noted, compared with the PCM with mono modifiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of plastic waste has become a problem facing the world. Recycling plastic waste is a successful way to control this problem. In this paper, the mechanical behavior of HDPE plastic in a composite material with fiberglass as reinforcement is studied. The composite materials were prepared using three different volume fractions of fiberglass (0, 7.5 and 22.5%) using the hand-layup method. bending, impact and tensile tests were conducted. From results, the yield, impact, tensile and bending strengths, were increased with increasing the volume fraction, while the ductility decreased significantly [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the change in mechanical properties of natural composite materials (apricot kernel peels and vinylester) using two different weight fractions (30 and 60) by immersing them in chemical solutions was studied experimentally. Hydrochloric acid in concentrations (31, 15 and 10.32%) and brine (Marmara Sea water) in concentrations (23, 11.5 and 5.75%) were used for immersion composite samples. In the practical section, several samples of apricot kernel peels were made using vinylester and placed in hydrochloric acid and brine. Through tensile testing the mechanical properties were obtained. The results were a decrease in the ultimate stress and modulus of elasticity of (23, 17 and 10%) and (29, 22 and 16%) for the effect of hydrochloric acid (31, 15 and 10.32%) respectively. Also, reduce the ultimate stress and modulus of elasticity by (12, 7, and 4%) and (10, 6 and 3%) for the effect of brine (23, 11.5 and 5.75%) respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the mechanical behavior of recycled Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) plastic in composite materials as a matrix with fiberglass as reinforcement is studied. The composite materials were prepared with three different volume fractions of fiberglass (0, 7.5 and 22.5%) using hand-lay up method at 150°C. Impact, bending and tensile tests were performed. The results showed that the change of volume fraction from 0 to 7.5% led to an increase in the impact strength, yield stress and ductility, although there was a slight, ineffective decrease in tensile strength and flexural strength. When the volume fraction was changed from 7.5 to 22.5%, lead to increases in the impact strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, yield stress, modulus of elasticity and ductility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, a popular method is growing plants in root-penetrable shells planted together with the plant. However, existing methods for growing plants have disadvantages. For this reason, we have presented a technology for production of a biodegradable composite polyhydroxybutyrate and lignin-based material for containers. The paper describes the method for producing biodegradable composites, provides the material density hardness, tensile strength, and impact strength data. Based on the resulting data analysis, it was concluded that the optimal content of wood filler for creating a biodegradable container is 40%-50% since the composite material has the highest physical and mechanical characteristics in this range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to studying the effect of adding different weight ratios of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticle powder on the corrosion properties and wear resistance of Al6061 alloy. Composite materials contain different proportions of TiO2:SiO2 (0.1, 0.3, 0.5) poured through by stirring. The microstructure and phases are achieved through optical microscopy, SEM and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that a significant degree of homogeneity was obtained in the distribution of the armature particles in the microstructure of the base alloys. The measurement of the wear rate was performed by the pin on the disc device of both the base alloy and the hybrid composite under applied loads (5, 10, and 15 N) and a sliding velocity of 2.8 m/sec using different times (5, 10 and 15 min). The Wear results showed a reduction in the corrosion rate of 0.5 wt% for both TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles containing composites compared to other composites and the base alloy samples. And it was worth 0.82*10^-8 gm/cm compared to 1.82*10^-8gm/cm in the base alloy. The hardness test results showed that the hybrid composite containing 0.5 wt% of both TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles had higher hardness than other composites and base alloys; the amount of hardness in 0.5%wt hybrid composite became 77.35HV compared to 68.88HV in the base alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the research stage focused on applications of composite materials in aviation, carried on by an international team of European Project Semester students at the National Institute for Aerospace Research "Elie Carafoli" – INCAS, as Research Partner of the University POLTEHNICA of Bucharest, as Organizer and EUROPEAN PROJECT SEMESTER Provider. The study case is a light aircraft wheel cover. The objectives are set to the laboratory experiments in case of a light aircraft composite wheel cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilisation of composite materials in aircraft structures has constantly been in an uptrend in the aerospace industry. However, composites do require protection to preserve their strength and prevent the components from experiencing external reaction such as corrosion. This can be done by applying a layer of sealant on the machined surfaces of the composites. The study focused to achieve the desired base-accelerator proportion required to form the sealant. This paper will discuss the viable parameters expressed in the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, the methodology practised, and the potential factors affecting viscous flows. The latter section of this study proposes the desirable parameters which shall be set as variables for dispensing systems which involve the handling of viscous fluid flows. The experimental data revealed and validated that varying the tube length yields the highest accuracy and consistency, with a minimum error of 0.403% compared to the desired base-to-accelerator ratio, and the lowest standard deviation of only 0.040. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental concern with global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has given researchers and industries more attention to using renewable resources and eco-friendly composite materials. However, conventional machining methods have drawbacks when machining natural composite materials. As a promising unconventional method, laser cutting has attracted the attention of manufacturing industries to machining composites, including natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRCs). Natural polymer composite materials, particularly those that use natural fibers as fillers, are trendy in a wide range of engineering applications. The challenge of this nontraditional method with NFRCs required the industries to demand extensive research into composite materials cutting properties and laser mechanisms. Using a long-pulse laser beam for cutting causes thermal effects during the material removal process. These effects include melting zones, heat-affected zones (HAZ), recast layers, and thermal damage to neighboring layers. This paper focuses on the overview of the laser machining concept in laser cutting processes and their advantages in cutting NFRCs. The final product applications of the NFRCs determine the laser machining strategies. The laser cutting performance analysis associated with machining challenges and essential process parameters that affect the cutting kerf quality and the HAZ is outlined for a better fundamental understanding in this research area. Future research into laser cutting mechanisms on NFRCs could benefit from new combinations of laser type, process parameters, and selected composition of NFRCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]