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This section presents abstracts of research and articles on economics, published in the December 1966 issue of the Journal of Economic Abstracts. The article Optimum Levels of Investment in Education and Economic Development by A. Bottomley sets forth the costs and revenues derived from training in various skills. These factors are incorporated in a model, which is discussed in qualitative terms. Authors T. W. Fletcher and R. P. Sinha argue that it is the neglect of the role of birth rate and the concentration of attention on death rate that is mainly responsible for the successive underestimations of population growth sine the war in the paper Population Growth in a Developing Economy. Meanwhile, in the paper The Aged and the Extent of Poverty in the U.S., author L. E. Gallaway explores two possible explanations for the altered labor force activity of the aged in the U.S., and concludes that such a shift is due to an adjustment of the labor supplied by the elderly rather than a lack of job opportunity. S. Merrett's paper, Earnings, Work, Study and the Gestation Period of the Argentine Engineering Student, presents some of the results of a mail questionnaire sample survey carried out in 1965 amongst the students attending the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Buenos Aires in Argentina.

Independently drawn random samples of 20 dean's list and 20 academic probation engineering sophomores were the subjects in this investigation of student academic status in relation to personal values and aptitude variables. Dean's list students differed significantly (.05 level) from academic probation students on variables such as need for achievement, direction of aspirations, peer group values, independence in planning, persistence, self-control, and high school record. No statistically significant differences were found on variables such as socio--economic status, influence of the home, self-insight or scholastic aptitude. it was concluded that the successful engineering student differs from the relatively less successful engineering student in certain measurable characteristics. These results elucidate the efficacy of the utilization of nonintellective variables in such differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine if different characteristics and abilities are predictive of academic success within colleges having different curricular emphases. A sample of 201 high-ability freshman men was used--76 Sciences and Humanities students and 125 Engineering students. Predictors included the usual aptitude and achievement measures and a variety of non-intellectual predictors: biographical data, study habits and attitudes, and personality characteristics. The results confirmed the hypothesis that different characteristics were rewarded in the two colleges. Although both samples had high scholastic ability and high aspirations, the Engineers were hard working, energetic, conforming, and efficient. The successful Sciences and Humanities students were more flexible and were oriented to the general philosophy and goals of education. The implications of using biographical and study habits data were discussed with reference to the academic prediction model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on a four-year study of a characteristics of engineering students who earn degrees on schedule. This is a follow-up study of students who began degree study of engineering in September, 1956, at Newark College of Engineering. The whole freshman class who began a day program of degree study at NCE in engineering in September 1956, is our subject population. Persons were excluded from this study who had attended this or another college for a full semester or who had earned 15 college credits by any pattern of college attendance. NCE is an urban college with day and evening programs of study approved by the Engineers' Council for Professional Development. This study covers a period of four years. It will be convenient to report the measured characteristics of the students studied in a chronological order.

The article describes the career development and education of Arthur C. Nielsen, founder of the world's largest marketing-research organization, A. C. Neilsen Co. Intense, hard-driving, creative, and competent, Arthur Nielsen was possessed of a ranging curiosity, a desire to find out the facts behind appearances, and an engineer's conviction that the facts were measurable. In the belief that he could get at the facts, organize them, and sell them to those who could use them, he founded the A. C. Nielsen Co.

The article presents tips to write better reports and avoid the frequently encountered faults, which are graded during two semesters of engineering laboratory reports at the State University of Iowa. The language of a report needs to be considered and it should conventional and formal. No direction should be given in a report. The language of a report must be brief and concise, which must be expressed in simple terms. A report must be summarized to bring to a logical close. The division of the textual matter into various sections with titles increases the overall appearance of a report. Many consider that a report must contain an abstract, which is more convenient and acceptable for busy people. The abstract in the report should be simple, that states the problem, and the results and conclusions must be outlined.