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To provide a variety of projects for making things from paper, this curriculum guide suggests learning activities involving simple exploratory experiments with paper and paper boxes, more inventive experiences with articles designed from paper, and finally complicated projects designed by the students and executed from a wide range of paper materials. For each grade (K-6), sections are provided discussing (1) materials and equipment necessary, (2) organization and placement of materials, (3) guidance and motivation by the teacher, (4) children's activities, and (5) evaluations by the teacher and by the child. (JM)

Nine conference papers focus on objectives, methods, and alternatives in the education of handicapped children. The first paper, by Sidney P. Marland, U. S. Commissioner of Education, reports on progress made towards full educational opportunity for handicapped children. Research design and methodology are discussed in relation to curriculum research past and present, a five-category research framework, and design of a curricular research methodology. Other papers concern the special education resource room, a model preschool for handicapped children and the behavior modification model, competency based education, the usefulness of instructional materials, inservice teacher education to improve services to mildly handicapped children in the regular classroom, the effects of isolated study on academic performance, and an exhibition of art by the handicapped. (KW)

A study of a cemetery can reveal much about the lives of people of the past and can be used as a supplement to classroom experiences. Possible objectives of a field trip to a cemetery might be: (1) to develop an appreciation and awareness of the cemetery as a supplement to the present curricula of art, language arts, history, mathematics, and others; (2) to develop a respect and appreciation for this particular resource that will result in proper care of, and behavior at, the cemetery; (3) to develop an understanding of men of past generations, their relationship to their environment, and their effects upon our present environment; (4) to motivate students to do further study on their own, apart from that done in school; and (5) to have students become aware of their own feelings while in this type of environment. In this study guide, samples of concepts, topics, and questions have been organized into subject matter categories: (JH)

Under the impact of electronic immediacy the world is being reorganized in sensory terms toward the primacy of the audile-tactile. In the educational system, emphasis remains on traditional methods of logical (visual) and sequential learning. The effect on literature is an increased interest in the spoken, as opposed to the written word. Through the arts, the sensory ordering of cultures can be determined. Examples from art and literature are compared to illuminate the area of sensory modalities that are encountered in writing and painting. Comparisons are drawn between works of such artists and writers as: Gandhara and Yeats, the Limbourg Limner and Shakespeare, Bosch and Kafka, Ben Jonson and Breugel, and Munch and Eliot. (LL)

Author discusses the various uses of paper as an art material. (GB)

Author gives practical pointers in using papier-mache for sculpture. (GB)

Art activities for educationally subnormal children are presented in the areas of painting, carving, printing, paper construction, mosaics, collages, paper and wire sculpture, embroidery, and a puppet theatre. Seventy-two illustrations provide examples of students' work for each area; suggestions for teachers are included. (RD)

The article deals with art work by intermediate-grade Harlem children. (MF)

Bamboo is an important raw material for manufacture of paper pulp in areas where it is abundant, especially in India, Pakistan, Taiwan (Formosa), and mainland China. In most instances it is reduced to pulp by chemical treatment under pressure at high temperature. An exception is the manufacture of bamboo mechanical pulp in Taiwan. This pulp is combined with a small amount of ricestraw chemical pulp for manufacture of a product used to prepare the so-called "joss paper" employed in Chinese religious and funeral ceremonies. "Joss" is a pidgin English word that is derived from the Portuguese deos or deus, god, and is used to refer to a Chinese household divinity or to a cult image. Joss paper consists of sheets of crude paper of various sizes, mostly 2'2 by 3 inches, to 10 by 11 inches, usually almost completely or partially covered with a piece of tin foil. A golden metallic effect is created, according to Hunter,2 by brushing the foil with seaweed extract contain

SUMMARY Radiography using a stabilization paper and a stabilization processor is available and could be valuable in large animal practice. The processor is easily transported and can be used in any dark area where a 115 volt power supply is available. A finished positive radiographic print can be produced in 10 seconds. Good image quality was obtained in pilot studies. It was possible to demonstrate small fracture fragments, vascular channels in the third phalanx and navicular bone, and bone trabeculae. The high contrast and low sensitivity of the stabilization paper necessitated separate exposures for evaluation of soft tissues and bones, and an exposure 7.5 times that used for conventional radiographic film. RESUME La radiographie avec emploi d'un papier fixateur et d'un dispositif fixateur est possible et parait devoir etre utile chez les grands animaux. Le dispositif de developpement est facilement transporte et peut etre utilise dans n'importe quelle zone obscure ou un courant de 115 Volts est accessible. Une radiographie positive definitive est obtenue en 10 secondes. De bonnes images furent obtenues. Il fut possible de mettre en evidence de petits fragments osseux, les canaux vasculaires de la troisieme phalange et les trabecules osseuses. L'image tres contrastee et la faible sensibilite de l'emulsion employee exige des temps d'exposition differents pour l'appreciation des tissu mous et des os, et une exposition durant un temps sept fois et demi superieur a celui necessaire avec les films conventionnels. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Eine radiographiche Technik, die ein Stabilisationspapier und einem Stabilisationsverarbeiter einsetzt, konnte in der Grosstierpraxis nutzlich sein. Der Verarbeiter kann leicht transportiert und in jeder dunklen Umgebung verwendet werden, wo ein Anschluss an ein 115 Volt-Netz vorhanden ist. Ein fertiges positives Rontgenbild kann innert 10 Sekunden hergestellt werden. Die ersten Untersuchungen ergaben eine gute Bildqualitat. Es war moglich, kleine Frakturfragmente, Gefasskanale in Hufbein und Strahlbein und Knochentrabeculae zu demonstrieren. Der gute Kontrast und die Unempfindlichkeit des Stabilisationspapiers erforderten verschiedene Belichtungen fur Weichgewebe und Knochen und eine 7,5 mal hohere Belichtungszeit als bei konventionellen Rontgenfilmen.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the results of a number of studies that have been carried out at the Research Department of The Graphic College of Denmark and are relevant to the complicated processes involved in the absorption of printing ink into and its drying on paper. The studies have been made particularly on coated paper so as to discover the influence of the paper properties on the change of hue of colored printing inks and on phenomena like chalking and ghosting. The report is in three parts: (1) studies of the absorption of inks into paper, (2) studies of the change of hue of printing inks as a function of various paper properties, and (3) studies of the drying of printing inks on coated paper in relation to chalking and ghosting. Many experiments failed to establish a generally valid relationship between laboratory measurements of ink properties and practical printings because the properties of the ink change with time after printing, and in a way depending on the properties of the paper and their printing conditions.

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The author tells how a paper clothing making project was successful. (MF)

A new polyethylene paper may be marked on a hard surface with an ordinary oversize ball-point pen or dull pencil point. Where the paper is marked, a raised-line imprint appears on the same side of the paper as that used for writing. This imprint may be both felt and seen. Newly blinded and partially sighted persons are able to read ordinary Arabic letters and numerals after a few trials.

Students explore concepts by expressing sounds in their art work. (GB)

Discusses how to make animal sculptures using egg cartons as the basic material. (GB)

The subject of early Wall-Papers has not been much investigated in England. Of the various forms of hanging or wall-decoration which preceded them–designs painted, stencilled, or incised on the walls; and hangings of plain material, of tapestry, of embroidery, of cloth stained or painted, and even of painted paper–and of the wall-papers of the eighteenth century–painted or printed importations from China and the printed products of our own country, from simple floral designs to the Gothics of Horace Walpole or the elaborate ‘scenes’, one set of which sufficed to decorate a whole room –of all these something is known; though we still wait for an authoritative and comprehensive work. But little attempt has been made so far to bridge the gap between medieval and modern, the sixteenth and the eighteenth centuries.

As the typical handmade paper in Hiraizumi cultural era which lasted for about hundred years from 1094 to 1189, we found a beautiful manuscript paper colored in dark blue on which people used to write with gold and silver powder. It is presumed that the paper was a rice paper and colored in blue with indigo. And the original paper was made in the vicinity of Mino (Gifu perfecture) and dyed in Kyoto, then transported to Hiraizumi area. It is due to the excellent quality of the paper that books edited in those ancient times can often be found even at present in good conditions with no trace of damages by insects. There is indeed no tint of deteriolation in its appearance, although time has passed away some 800 years since the paper was made.

DR. ROBERT PLOT (1640-1697) is a fairly important figure in the chemical history of the late seventeenth century. Accounts of his chemical work 1 at Oxford and of his life and scientific work 2 generally have been given by R. T. Gunther. We may recall here Plot's animadversions on chemical matters, contained in his Natural History of Oxfordshire (1677) and his Natural Hist01'Y of Staffordshire (1686), and the fact that he became in 1683 the first Professor of Chemistry in the University of Oxford, where he read the first chemical lectures and was responsible for the fitting out of the elaboratory in the vaults of the Ashmolean Museum. Among the manuscripts left by him, but now lost sight of, was a copy of his lectures, which bore the title Praelectiones Chymicae in Schola Naturalis Historiae Oxon. habitae: Gunther's statement S that samples of these are preserved in MS Rawlinson D 888, at the Bodleian, is incorrect, for this MS contains only the title in a list of Plot's MSS. We have therefore no direct evidence as to how far alchemy entered into Plot's lectures, but from his statement (p. 71) that he had kept his connection with the subject secret, we may infer that it did not. In fact Plot's connection with alchemy long remained unknown to his biographers, for the notice of the manuscript which affords the evidence thereof (Sloane 3646 in the British Museum) appeared in Ayscough's Catalogue of the Manuscripts preserved in the British Museum (London, 1782, p. 491) as I ROB. PLOTT [Professor of Chymist~y, Oxon.] Collection of papers, chiefly chymical', without any reference to alchemy. Gunther consulted this MS, gave some account of it, and quoted two passages (op. elit. note 2, pp. 355-6, 411-3), but failed to point out the alchemical character of its contents or to mention the very interesting papers transcribed on pp. 70-74 below. It may be noted that Gunther commonly omitted to make any mention of the alchemical studies of his subjects, and his work therefore gives a somewhat misleading picture of such men as Fludd, Ashmole and Plot. For this reason it has been thought advisable to give some account of the above MS and to transcribe certain passages.

The author tells how to use and make papier-mache. (MF)

Author describes the materials and steps necessary to create newspaper relief sculptures in an art class. (GB)

Amongst many curious papers preserved at Losely, near Guildford; the ancient seat of the Mores, and now possessed by their descendant James More Molyneux, Esq. are accounts relating to the Christmas Diversions given by the Lord of Misrule, and relating to the King's Office of Revells and Tents. The former may serve as an addition to the account of the Lord of Misrule, given by our late worthy Secretary, Mr. Brand; the latter I do not remember to have seen in print.

(1971). Montesquieu's Usbek: Paper Persian or Anti-Hero? Kentucky Romance Quarterly: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 101-110.

(1847). XXXIX.—A few critical remarks on M. Carl J. Sundevall's Paper on the birds of Calcutta, as republished by H. E. Strickland, Esq. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 20, No. 135, pp. 382-394.