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This article is a summary of the 10th International Conference on Inverse Problems in Engineering (ICIPE 22), which took place in May 2022 in Francavilla al Mare, Italy. The conference brought together applied mathematicians and engineers from various disciplines to collaborate and discuss the use of inverse analysis tools in fields such as manufacturing, medical imaging, and space applications. The event also honored Professor James V. Beck, who made significant contributions to parameter estimation and inverse heat transfer problems. The conference featured keynote addresses, lectures, and a tribute to Prof. Beck. The article expresses gratitude to the organizers, sponsors, reviewers, and the editor-in-chief of the Heat Transfer Engineering Journal. The 11th ICIPE conference will be held in Brazil in 2024. [Extracted from the article]

Digital transformation – the pervasive incorporation of digital technology into virtually every process and system – is arguably the greatest force of change within the naval engineering community. Digital innovation is disrupting traditional ship design paradigms and giving rise to new ways of modernising and sustaining a future integrated force structure. This paper highlights digital transformation as a core strategic initiative that is aligned with the U.S. Department of Defense Digital Engineering Strategy. Recognising the need to expand the U.S. Navy's advantage over its competitors, this paper identifies foundational elements required to transform current engineering design and development processes. Next, a multi-factor framework is introduced to align traditional processes employed for physical system design and development with a new digital paradigm in recognition of the highly integrated nature of Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). Finally, discussion will focus on efforts underway to leverage advanced computational models and highlight the digital engineering use case for Naval Power and Energy Systems (NPES). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents simple and intuitive strategies for effective online assessment of a freshman engineering course. The proposed strategies for unproctored online exams include creating multiple sets with identical options, using image-format questions, maintaining short duration of exam, and employing a rotational assignment. Unlike a single-set paper where the class average was found to be disproportionately high, the proposed strategies helped in correctly restoring the class average. Feedback and results from 141 students show a significant statistical difference in the scores obtained using the proposed multi-set quiz framework, as opposed to conventional single-set papers. The paper also presents a simple setup of remote proctoring using dual-video and screensharing to replicate in-person classroom exams without the need of commercial proctoring services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: As a growing number of instructional units have been developed to promote young children's scientific and engineering practices (SEPs), understanding how to evaluate and assess children's SEPs is imperative. However, paper-and-pencil assessments would not be suitable for young children because of their limited reading and writing skills. To explore the assessments for SEPs available for young children aged 3–8 years, this study reviewed assessments of young children's SEPs reported in empirical studies, and analysed the characteristics of these assessments to delineate how young children's SEPs have been measured. Methods: We followed the procedures of a systematic review proposed by Zawacki-Richter et al. (2020). The EBSCOhost database was used to gather empirical studies in education and psychology. A total of 46 articles published from 2003 to 2020 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Findings: The findings indicated that of the eight SEPs suggested by the National Research Council (2012), Analysing and interpreting data was assessed the most, followed by Using mathematics and computational thinking, Constructing explanations and designing solutions, and Planning and carrying out investigations. A majority of assessments were designed for children of 4, 5, and 6 years old and used paper-based visualizations and real objects to present the tasks and items. Additionally, due to the verbal or performance nature of the SEPs, the assessments collected different types of data as evidence to evaluate children's SEPs. Performance-based assessments were the most common, followed by multiple-choice, ranking, and oral responses. Conclusion: The findings of the reviewed assessments revealed a variety of performance expectations of SEPs and suggested that some SEPs are measurable and developmentally appropriate for young children. Also, the availability of assessments is uneven in different types of SEPs, and more assessments for information communication and modelling practices are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Training both pre – and in-service teachers who are capable of planning and enacting engineering design–based science instruction are critical for integrating engineering into K-12 science curricula. Purpose: This study investigates pre-service teachers' efforts to integrate engineering into their lesson plans. Sample: 13 pre-service chemistry teachers, enrolled in a 13-week engineering-infused integrated STEM course, were the participants of the study. Design and Method: Considering the purpose of the study, qualitative design was deemed to be the best fit including qualitative data collected through lesson plans and reflection papers. To assist pre-service teachers' learning, 13-week engineering-infused integrated STEM was started with the information about the engineering profession and how engineers work. Additionally, pre-service teachers engaged in six integrated STEM activities including engineering design cycle. After each activity, the participants were asked to write a reflection paper on what they learned about engineering, the engineering design process, and integrated STEM. Finally, the participants had three chances for analyzing strong and weak integrated STEM lesson plans and planning integrated STEM lesson planning experience with mentors. The pre-and post-course lesson plans (n=26) were analyzed using existing codes from the related literature, which is a deductive coding process. Later, an inductive approach was used to determine the categories of engineering integration into the lesson plans. Four categories (ranging from a complete engineering lesson to a science lesson with no engineering link) were formed. Reflection papers were used to support the findings. Result: The results showed that none of the pre-plans included engineering. However, after participated in a 13-week integrated STEM course, all post-course lesson plans integrated engineering through the use of engineering design processes to some extent. Conclusion: The training with different experiences seems promising for pre-service teachers to learn engineering integration into STEM lesson plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering is receiving unprecedented attention in early childhood and elementary classrooms. Teachers of young children may recognize the ways young children act as natural engineers as they design and create with materials from the classroom or playground. Everyday experiences such as choosing the type of bag: paper, plastic, or a reusable cloth bag at the grocery store can also be used to build explorations with engineering design and challenges. The meaningful integration of children's literature with engineering design challenges provides the further benefit of supporting the kinds of literacy instruction fundamental to primary classrooms. One method to consider is the use of Text Sets, a strategy from literacy that involves the selection and use of a variety of texts chosen intentionally along one or more dimensions where multiple kinds of texts might meet multiple needs or purposes. Lesson suggestions are provided for using text sets of books from different literary genres including biography, narrative, expository, and procedural books and activities to explore the properties of paper, plastic, and fabric with preschool through second grade students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, which is a socio-technical, ideological, and rhetorical construction rooted in the neoliberal discourse that reflects key tenets of global capitalism, is believed to have considerable implications for the development of employees in advanced manufacturing environments. This paper aims to explore the ways in which the learning needs of employees in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution could be appropriately identified and how employees could further develop their skills through the design of suitable development curricula. To this end , the paper seeks to interrogate the ways in which the employees' learning needs are likely to be identified in the middle-range future, and problemate the focus of highly specialised and exclusively focused on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) curricula that are likely to be designed to help employees respond to the perceived demands of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The paper further seeks to explore a preferred liberal future, drawing on the work of Martha Nussbaum, to create the possibility for an alternative future guided by a more holistic conception of employee development through the establishment of learner-centred, liberal – and liberating – interdisciplinary Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nanotube cement-based grouting materials currently mostly stay in the pure slurry research stage, and there is little research in the field of rock crack reinforcement combined with the engineering application background. Therefore, on the basis of existing research, it is important to expand the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in cement paste, and to carry out research on the reinforcement of fractured rocks in combination with the engineering background. This paper combines the actual needs of construction engineering to prepare carbon-based nanomaterials, and analyzes its impact on construction engineering in combination with experiments. Moreover, this paper analyzes the influence of carbon nanotubes on the macro-mechanical properties of cement-based materials, and studies the influence of modified carbon nanotubes on the macro-mechanical properties of cement-based materials. In addition, this paper explores the micromechanical properties of carbon nanotube cement materials at the nanometer scale. The research results verify the effectiveness of carbon-based nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors improved the new in-memory cluster computing system for processing large-scale spatial data using the best spatial partitioning and other optimization techniques. Disruptive changes in the industrial environment have occurred in recent years owing to rapid advancements in electronics, information, and communication technology. In addition to a semantic representation of the corpus, the authors propose a query processing pipeline based on a novel data structure for query answers extracted from this graph, which embeds core information with structural-based and domain-specific contexts. [Extracted from the article]

In this special issue ofHeat Transfer Engineeringyou will find selected papers presented during the 14th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering—ENCIT, held in Windsor Atlântica Hotel at Copacabana Beach, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, November 18–22, 2012. A cosmopolitan metropolis, known worldwide for its scenic beauty and its natural resources, Rio de Janeiro provides a harmonious and agreeable environment for its inhabitants and visitors. Rio de Janeiro hosts several games of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, including the final game at the historical Stadium of Maracanã, as well as the 2016 Summer Olympic Games. Nevertheless, Rio de Janeiro has also hosted the 14th ENCIT, which is organized under the auspices of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering (ABCM). ENCIT has been held every other year since 1986, and its recent editions have included more than 400 presentations of peer-reviewed papers. The ENCIT series of congresses has successfully served as the major forum for the interaction of professionals from the academia, industry, and government, within the heat transfer, thermodynamics, and fluid mechanics communities in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is our great pleasure to present this special issue ofHeat Transfer Engineeringwith a selection of papers presented at the 21st National & 10th ISHMT-ASME Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, held on December 27–30, 2011. The conference was jointly sponsored by the Indian Society of Heat and Mass Transfer (ISHMT) and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and was held at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras campus in Chennai, India. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The paper explores the relationship between conceptual engineering and the methodology of the Lvov-Warsaw School. While conceptual engineering is commonly seen as rooted in Rudolf Carnap's works and his method of explication, this paper argues that LWS predates and informs contemporary understanding of this methodology. The paper establishes that LWS not only engaged in but also systematically developed a method of conceptual revision aimed at enhancing clarity, precision, and coherence with specific theoretical frameworks. The analysis shows that LWS's approach to concepts combined both descriptive and normative methodologies to improve and adapt philosophical concepts to better address actual phenomena and certain theoretical or practical needs. This method, described by LWS members as ‘analysis and construction’, parallels contemporary conceptual engineering practices, particularly its so-called ‘narrow’ understanding focused on revising existing concepts rather than on merely introducing new ones. By tracing the historical trajectory of conceptual engineering back to LWS, this paper provides a deeper understanding of its foundational strategies and suggesting that LWS's methodology could serve as a guide for current and future philosophical projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to use limited investigation data to analyse the failure of roof engineering is a challenging problem. In this paper, a novel risk analysis method for the mechanical structure of a roof is proposed. Firstly, the Copula theory is presented and the construction method of multidimensional Gaussian Copula parameters is given. Secondly, a Copula method of the mechanical characteristics and instability risk of roof structure with E, ν, c and φ as uncertain variables is proposed. Thirdly, based on the investigation data of 192 roof groups in China, the influence of Copula mechanical parameters on the failure probability of the roof structure is analysed and discussed. This new evaluation methodology can use various Copula functions to simulate the positive and negative correlation structures, which provides an effective way to clarify the mechanical characteristics and instability risk of roof structure using limited investigation data. The results show that the mechanical failure of the roof structure is mainly at the bottom. As the correlation of mechanical parameters increases, the failure probability of the mechanical structure decreases significantly. In the simulation of positive and negative correlation parameters, Gaussian Copula and No.16 Copula, respectively, make the roof have the smallest failure probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIt is known that skilled immigrants learn to integrate professionally. This paper complexifies this image. By following the experiences of ‘successful’ immigrants working in the engineering profession in Canada, it argues that immigrants engage in not only learning but also knowledge ‘transfer’. Their learning at work often starts as legitimate peripheral participation, and evolves through expansive participation in work activities. Meanwhile, they also ‘transfer’ knowledge and practices, a role that could be amplified given their transnational experiences. Immigrants’ learning and knowledge practices can also be understood as a sociomaterial process of translation, through which they knot together people and objects, while negotating power, position, and positionality at the same time. Through continuous learning and knowledge practices, the paper further highlights that immigrant engineers necessarily articulate themselves into, and to some extent, reticulate the epistemic ‘machineries’ or ‘culture’ of the profession, which is constituted through a nexus of professional associations, societies, institutions, and practice communities that are bounded by professional domains and interests, and lifeworld exigencies. Conceptually, this paper draws on practice-based theories and views continuous learning and knowing as an effect of the sociocultural and sociomaterial organization of professional practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper revisits Wittgenstein’s heavily criticized claims about the admissibility of inconsistencies in mathematics. It argues from the perspective of mathematics as a tool and combines material from the history and practice of engineering that makes Wittgenstein’s claims about contradiction and inconsistency look much more plausible. Against this background, the paper interprets passages from Wittgenstein, including his exchange with Alan Turing where he highlights that basic laws of thought are at issue and that reflecting on them would be “the most important thing” he has talked about. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empirical engineering knowledge (EEK), a specific technical know-how about solving engineering problems, is frequently accumulated and reused in this era of mass innovation and knowledge-driven economy. Since EEK is abidingly evolving because of the intense business competitions, continual technical renovations and wide industrial concern, it’s a new challenge both in theories and applications of knowledge management to analyse EEK evolution and its motivations. This paper proposes a novel approach to tackle this non-trivial issue. Based on the constructed domain hierarchy and EEK networks, EEK clusters are grouped and represented with populations, latent topics and distributions. Then four kinds of evolutional patterns are defined and recognised from the EEK clusters in neighbouring time intervals. The evolutional motivations of these patterns are discovered from the important evolutional events, with the proposed abductive reasoning algorithm. This paper also integrates all techniques, and implements a knowledge management system EEK-KEAS in computer-aided design (CAD), a typical engineering field. Experimental result shows that EEK-KEAS operations well in revealing the evolutional motivations of CAD EEKs, and outperforms the former approaches in feasibility and effectiveness, thereby opening up a novel way for further understanding the evolution of EEK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever-increasing demand for more complex products and services has led to an increased need for engineering teams. Despite this increase, available literature on engineering team performance factors is limited, and the trend in this research field is not clear. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) aims at identifying research trends and gaps in engineering team performance. Three reputable research platforms were used. The SLR found that the most studied engineering team performance factor is the impact of skillset or knowledge of individual team members. The paper gives engineering managers insight into team management decision making and identifies several opportunities for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millions of full-text articles are downloaded per month using pirate websites. The purpose of this study was to survey professors and academic librarians on their knowledge, usage and teaching of pirate websites to students. A 21-question survey with adapted Likert scale and free text questions was sent to six academic librarian listservs and primary corresponding authors of top ten evolutionary and bioinformatics and computational biology journals since 2019 from Google Scholar rankings. Academic librarians (48%) and professors (60.5%) are not actively teaching about pirate websites. What is taught is how to ethically and legally access full-text articles, not the existence of pirate websites and how to use them. Concerns about espionage, viruses, and malware for affiliated institutions are concerns for professors and librarians. Sci-Hub continues to be the most known of pirate websites. Librarians and professors are satisfied with the selection of journal title offerings from their affiliated institutions, but desire additional resources for their research. Ease of use continues to be a reason why pirate websites are used, and cost in accessing full-text articles continues to be a concern for librarians and professors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) is continually striving to use resources efficiently and manage complex processes. Now more than ever, there is a strong need for digital transformation in AEC. The improvement in the accessibility of consumer-based head-mounted displays (HMD) is attracting different entertainment and research fields to immersive virtual reality (VR) applications. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is known as a promising technology in AEC. The full potential of BIM is not yet employed to empower this field, however, and this could be a result of some barriers still to be surmounted by BIM in both technological and management perspectives. One of these barriers is the communication and collaboration between design, construction, operation, and maintenance phases. VR can fill this gap by providing additional capabilities for BIM which either were not available before or were not possible to employ in practical ways. In this paper, we systematically review recent research around the application of VR in BIM and discuss the results using the PRISMA flowchart. We discuss the most commonly used technologies, software, and evaluation methods and the various applications of VR in the reviewed papers. Finally, we extend the discussion by summarizing the potential future work in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) education in solving real-world problems is challenging. To tackle this challenge, a project-based learning approach that integrates robots with cost-effective self-made toys to problem-solving was adopted to assist rural primary school students to apply STEM skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the project-based learning approach which includes lecturing and hands-on activities on primary school students' STEM learning outcomes and attitudes. An experiment was conducted with 25 primary school students who voluntarily participated in a STEM summer-camp programme. Students were asked to assemble a paper house equipped with an IoT control module and LED light switches, and write and edit robot scripts to produce a robot-based storytelling narrative using the paper house they made as a context. The results show that the project-based learning approach was an effective approach for cultivating primary school students' STEM knowledge and skills as evidenced from the post-written test. The relationships between the students' STEM learning outcomes and attitudes were also confirmed by a clustering analysis. Students who had higher learning attitudes also achieved higher STEM learning outcomes; the findings are also supported by the feedback from the open-ended questionnaire items. This study suggests that integrating low-cost self-made toys and robots in project-based learning activities is an effective and practical approach to enhance primary school students' learning outcomes and learning attitudes in STEM education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architectural education shares much in common with engineering, including the use of a culminating capstone experience in the final year. The form of this experience varies, with the research-based thesis and final-year project being most common. This paper explores the literature on traditions of enquiry and the meaning of research in various fields and the evolution of the 'thesis' and 'final year project' approaches over time. It then briefly summarises empirical research conducted on a case study institution struggling to bridge gaps in understandings of these distinct forms of learning and teaching. Throughout, the paper presents a comprehensive set of diagrams to explain various paradigms and positions on research and design education. These diagrams depict processes used in architecture, engineering, and natural sciences to conduct research and generate designs. A new model is proffered to help unify competing conceptions of the final year project and thesis, for the case study institution and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the manufacturing sector, welding has long been a popular method of combining materials. Hence, there has been a lot of research in this area, leading to evolution of conventional welding techniques. These developments widened its feasibility enabling the process to be functional in diverse crucial applications. A detailed review of various research efforts carried out in the field of welding provides an ideal repository which can effectively help identify various research gaps. This paper intends to throw light on the following aspects of welding: a detailed description of different fabrication methods involved in fusion and solid-state welding processes, weld performance evaluation on the basis of mechanical properties, microstructure, corrosion, wear and fatigue behaviour followed by a brief summary of various applications. The mechanical properties and microstructures of various commercially viable alloys like steel, DSS, Ti-6Al-4 V, Al- Mg alloy, AZ31, AA6061, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu and Ni-base super alloys have been discussed in detail. Various mechanisms which influenced the changes in microstructure and resulting mechanical behaviours have been discussed. The inferences obtained as a result of microstructural, mechanical, corrosion and wear property analysis have been correlated to understand major areas of application. The extensive data compiled in this study aims to give readers valuable insights and inferences on a vast topic, which promises great scope for development in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS) have gained attention in the aerospace industry in the past years, as post-pandemic context shows drastic production capacity changes and new environmental regulations to which it must adapt quicker than before to maintain competitiveness. Nevertheless, current RMS design methods have not thoroughly considered this industry specificities, nor industrial resources requirements in the current concurrent design practice. These limitations have been identified in several recent research works. Ontology-based Engineering (OBE) systems can stand overly complex collaborative design processes involving multidisciplinary stakeholders and various digital tools, integrating different levels of decision. Models for Manufacturing (MfM) is an OBE methodology aiming to enable industrial design and decision-making in manufacturing by preserving the company knowledge in ontology models, usable as knowledge base to generate and integrate the aircraft and manufacturing systems design. This paper presents an MfM application for RMS design in aerospace, introducing innovative design concepts that allow implementing RMS in a collaborative engineering process of an aerospace product. An implementation is shown designing the RMS of a model aircraft family to illustrate the concepts introduced and considerations are given to transfer this knowledge base into an OBE system to support complex real-life applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common charge against utopianism is that any attempt to create blueprints for a better future disregards a basic fact: humans' proclivity for failure. In response, defenders of social dreaming have argued that failure can become generative, once we abandon the perfectionism that ostensibly inheres in utopian visions. Building on this revaluation, the paper applies a crucial lesson from engineering and design studies—that often artificial failure modes are required to enhance the safety of tools and machines. To flesh out this point, I turn to utopian fiction and discuss Kim Stanley Robinson's Science in the Capital-trilogy, which rejects techno-optimism about our climate-changed world, yet hails the transformative potential of an anti-capitalist scientific community. Ultimately, the paper claims that, if we cannot have success in addressing the climate emergency without committing serious mistakes, then one (but clearly not the only) path forward is to imaginatively prefigure the faultlines along which ecomodernist dreams for a "good Anthropocene" might rupture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technology and service modes of logistics industry are changing greatly in smart economy, and innovation is becoming new development engine, which promotes the urgent transformation requirement of teaching system of logistics engineering majors in universities. Based on the data from logistics engineering majors in Chinese universities in 2021, a relevant study on the undergraduate logistics engineering major is carried out. Along with 'ability-motivation-opportunity' (AMO) theory, this paper analyses the influence of ability, motivation and opportunity on the transformation. The current situation of teaching system, the existing problems and the improvement measures are investigated. Based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward the relevant suggestions to promote the cultivation of innovative talents, mainly including planning and designing the training programme system for logistics engineering major, placing more emphasis on logistics practice courses, promoting undergraduate students' participation in various logistics contests, and increasing the level of teaching investment and guarantee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic, cultural, social, and political life is being increasingly shaped by digital platforms including social networking sites (Facebook), streaming services (Netflix) and sharing platforms (AirBnB). While social scientists have tracked the rapid emergence of platforms and developed useful conceptualisations about what they are and how they operate, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the nature of platform competition or the experiences of users. To address these gaps, this paper focuses on the illustrative case of recorded music, where platforms, including Spotify and Apple Music, face intense competition due to similarities in price and content. Drawing on 42 semi-structured interviews, 20 app 'walk-alongs' with Spotify users and an analysis of 120 documents (industry reports, trade magazines, press releases and news articles), it demonstrates how the basis of competition has shifted from content, price and curation to the engineering of compelling experiences that harness the unique and interconnected affordances of platformisation. The paper nuances our understanding of the dynamic and contingent nature of platforms, the processes of datafication and curation underpinning their interventions in markets and everyday life, the geographies of these virtual distribution and consumption channels, and the ways in which users imagine, value, and experience music streaming platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first issue of Ozone: Science & Engineering (OS&E)was published in early 1979 with Dr L. J. Bollyky as theEditor-in-Chief. This was a milestone for the International Ozone Association, enabling professional recognition of the advances in ozone technology. Since this first issue, 45 volumes of Ozone: Science & Engineering have been published containing 238 individual issues, 1719 technical articles and nearly 22,000 pages. Dr Rip Rice became Editor-in-Chief in 1985 and continued this position until 1998. Barry Loeb was the editor until 2024. Under the leadership of these gentlemen, OS&E expanded from about 70 pages per issue four times per year to 100 pages, then to six issues per year, at about 100 pages. In 2001, the dimensions of the journal were increased to accommodate even more manuscripts. In 1989, the Harvey M. Rosen Memorial Award was established to recognize the "best paper" published in Ozone: Science & Engineering during the two-year period between World Congresses. The selection of this award is determined by the Editorial Board of Ozone: Science & Engineering. To date, 19 papers have received this prestigious award. OS&E has followed and reported the development of ozone technologies via peer reviewed articles from ozone researchers, manufacturers and consultants. This paper reviews the development of ozone technologies as reported by OS&E and summarizes how the technologies have evolved to meet environmental and other needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is very important to predict the reaction of customers to future products. Sample pictures and line sketches are commonly used for discovering consumers' demands. However, these two agents are difficult to express the real product form clearly and comprehensively, which may affect the accuracy of consumer affection prediction. In this paper, a method based on Kansei engineering via virtual reality (VR) has been proposed to construct a mapping relationship between form elements and consumer affection from four dimensions of the overall, unit, interrelation, and detail (OUID), so as to provide references for product form design. The correlation between product form elements and the perceptual image was studied with multiple linear regression analysis and partial correlation analysis. The different effects of VR, sketches, and pictures on user affection prediction were compared in this paper as well. A hairdryer has been employed as an example to illustrate the proposed method. The results show that compared with sketch and picture, VR based-prediction model is more accurate and reliable in predicting users' emotional preferences. In addition to the unit form, the overall features, interrelation, and details are also the key factors affecting consumer preference. Highlight Based on Kansei Engineering, this paper investigated the correlation between the form elements of the product and the user's affection via VR. The proposed approach can help designers to quickly and accurately capture the user's perceptual image and transform it into design elements. The different effects of VR, sketches, and pictures on customer affection prediction were compared. A decomposition model is proposed to analyse the product form elements on four dimensions (overall features, unit form, interrelation, and details). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cost engineering capabilities are becoming increasingly important for the competitiveness of industrial firms, especially for engineer to order products (ETOPs). Despite this relevance, the literature on the use of advanced data-driven methodologies, such as machine learning (ML), for early cost estimation (CE) of ETOPs is quite sparse. Furthermore, ML has still seen little use in real industrial applications due to several challenges. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is threefold: (a) to develop a solid early CE approach for ETOPs, including feature selection; (b) to investigate the benefits of adopting ML for ETOPs' CE; (c) to identify how ML can be introduced into real industrial context with little knowledge on ML. Long action research has been carried out with a large industrial company that produces Oil & Gas ETOPs. We observed how ML facilitates the exploration of the relationships between the choices of early design stages and the CE. ML algorithms also allowed to both capture the high variability of the data and test different combinations of cost drivers in very effective ways. The project resulted in an accurate CE framework with an iterative feature selection process and an approach for introducing ML into a real industrial context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using critical race methodology as a methodological framework, this paper explores how 16 Black men PhD scientists and engineers describe their undergraduate and graduate school choices and how race and racism influenced these processes. Our analysis yielded two descriptive themes focused on counterspaces for Black men in science and engineering (S&E). Implications for higher education researchers and practitioners, and S&E faculty interested in supporting the persistence of Black men pursuing and completing S&E postsecondary degrees are offered within. This paper contributes to the literature by investigating the connections between racism, counterspaces, and undergraduate and graduate choices of Black men pursuing S&E. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The semiotic nature of design and engineering communications has often evaded direct interrogation; specifically the representation of requirements using multiple semiotic modes. This paper explores the semiotic character of requirement representation in the construction project design and engineering process by mobilising a social semiotic analytic framework to reveal how project artefacts (e.g. drawings; digital imagery; physical objects) are multimodal resources that critically affect stakeholder engagement and interpretation. The focused empirical study from a hospital construction project reveals the motivations and effects of multimodal and semiotic communicative choices of different parties (e.g. client; architect; engineer; design consultant) engaged on the same project; the representation (or not) of requirements via various semiotic modes being a social and political process. The contribution of the paper is in revealing the semiotic character of requirement representation and the relevance of semiotic-informed enquiry for an industry continuing to develop new technologies (e.g. virtual reality; BIM – building information modelling) for design and construction work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reviews how empathy and its role are conceptualised in entrepreneurial and engineering literature. Our findings can then be used as a foundation for developing contextual and theoretical models of empathy for entrepreneurial engineering. These models will help create teaching practices and approaches to prepare empathic entrepreneurial engineers. The study deployed a systematic literature review of 40 papers from engineering and entrepreneurship fields, obtained from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The analysis involved three phases. First, a descriptive analysis of research on empathy in entrepreneurship and engineering was completed, followed by a content analysis focusing on definitions and the role of the empathy phenomenon and a co-citation analysis to identify commonly cited authors. The results of this literature review demonstrate different indicators that reflect the current state of empathy research and study trajectories of this phenomenon in the fields of engineering and entrepreneurship. These indicators include the number of papers related to empathy in engineering and entrepreneurship literature by year of publication, definitions of empathy and keywords used in analysed literature as well as list of authors and their area of interests within empathy research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent science education reforms emphasize the goal of developing students' science and engineering practices. To foreground those practices during science instruction, teachers need conceptual tools to guide their instructional decision-making. In this conceptual paper, I propose that thinking about science and engineering activities as educative games provides a useful model for designing productive educational experiences. Central to this argument is a recognition of the ways that games allow learners to experience and cultivate new forms of agency—including those aligned with the practice of science and engineering. When immersed in a game, a student/player pursues clearly defined goals using a limited set of available actions, and in doing so they act out and experience a form of agency that they might not otherwise have been able to access. Viewed in this way, science and engineering activities can be analyzed and evaluated with respect to the forms of agency that they cultivate in students, including the extent to which those forms of agency are consistent with those of science and engineering. In addition to presenting this way of thinking about science and engineering activities, this paper proposes a practical model to assist teachers in analyzing and designing science and engineering learning activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative engineering is not a new subject but it assumes a new importance in the Industry 4.0 (I4.0). There are other concepts frequently mismatched with collaboration. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to put forward a collaborative engineering concept, along its sub concepts, supported by an extensive systematic literature review. A critical analysis and discussion about the fundamental importance of learning, and the central human role in collaboration, in the I4.0, is presented, based on the main insights brought through the literature review. This study also enables to realize about the importance of collaboration in the current digitalization era, along with the importance of recent approaches and technology for enabling or promoting collaboration. Main current practices of human centered and autonomous machine-machine approaches and applications of collaboration in engineering, namely in manufacturing and management, are presented, along with main difficulties and further open research opportunities on collaboration.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Libraries recognize the necessity to continuously evaluate how well the collection supports the mission, goals, and priorities of the parent institution. This paper shares the results of the local citation analysis on engineering faculty research output from 2015 to 2019 conducted at De La Salle University. Scopus was used to harvest the documents published by the faculty as well as the list of all cited references in those records. The study aims to investigate how the engineering faculty are using publications, especially journals, for their research and determine how successful the collection is in supporting the research needs of the faculty. Findings will provide useful evidence for strategic planning in general and for making collection management decisions in particular [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase of road freight around the world, alongside limited funding on bridge infrastructure, demands objective and accurate safety assessments for greater loads to achieve better utilization of existing aging bridges. Probability-based bridge assessment (PBBA) is already recommended around the world as a higher-tier assessment beyond current deterministic methods. However, its uptake in international practice lags behind that merited. The promotion of PBBA in practice hinges on four aspects: (i) justification, through proof of concept; (ii) accessibility, through integration into current practice; (iii) effectiveness, through utilizing state-of-the-art tools, and; (iv) familiarity, through clear communication and education. This paper describes a recent Austroads research project that has developed solutions to these aspects to promote the adoption of PBBA in Australia. The experience gained in developing the freely available guideline is described in this paper to support the promotion of PBBA adoption in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThere are two purposes of this paper. The first, and primary, purpose is to examine the association between the Country of nationality, the Discipline, and Time period of Nobel Prize laureates in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) related disciplines. This is done by performing a multi-way correspondence analysis (MWCA). The second purpose is to provide a technical, bibliographic and practical overview of MWCA. Our investigation of the variables shows that there is a statistically significant three-way association between them, as well as between only one pair of the variables: Country and Time period. The row-tube biplot provides a visual description of this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel structures are invariably analyzed and designed excluding the global stiffening effect of the roof cladding. Including this effect historically required complex design methods or deprecated standards. This paper presents a simplified numerical modeling method which allows this stiffening effect to be included. The method is an extension of the already established Component Method but utilizes only elements commonly available in typical design and analysis software. The results of the models were favorably compared to standardized test cases; an average difference of 0.24 mm maximum displacement was found, corresponding to a 3.4% discrepancy. The consistency of these results implies that the proposed model can be considered to be used for scientific and practical purposes when assessing a building's most realistic behavior is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM) approach has a variety of benefits for all children as it triggers multiple senses through hands-on activities, experiential learning, exploration opportunities on different scientific topics, and various tools and materials. Five STEAM activities were designed and implemented with fifteen 60–72-month-old children over a five-week period. Each activity required children to make their own designs to create their product, and was prepared to emphasize a particular feature of STEAM education. Instrumental case study was utilized in this study. It was observed that children engage more and spend more time, demand additional materials and use their imagination to design more creative and various products in STEAM activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conceptual engineering, motivated one natural way, involves the search for new concepts. But to what extent does conceptual engineering as practiced involve such conceptual innovation, and to what extent can it do so? In this paper, I first argue that conceptual engineering as practiced surprisingly does not appear to involve conceptual innovation, and then I discuss problems regarding the extent to which it can involve conceptual innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of using composite materials, crack damage is unavoidable. These cracks may cause a decrease in the structural performance of the material and may even pose a threat to the safety of the entire structure. In this paper, the shape memory alloy (SMA) is embedded into the composite material, and the strain transfer effect of the interface layer is considered. The crack monitoring and repair model of SMA composite material based on strain transfer are established using SMA resistance-sensing characteristics and SMA constitutive model. Based on this monitoring and repair model, the crack monitoring behavior of SMA under different initial states and temperature conditions is discussed, and the crack repair behavior of SMA under specific initial states and temperature conditions is also discussed. The research results show that the change in SMA resistance and the strain of the composite material crack are linearly segmented, and as the temperature increases, the composite material crack is gradually repaired. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the further engineering application of SMA composite material crack monitoring and repair theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research shows a positive association between skilled migration and innovation. Related literature however is largely limited to the use of proxies such as patents, and publications. There is also a lack of attention to how innovation is accomplished in practices. This paper addresses these gaps with an examination of the innovative contributions made by immigrant engineers in Canada. Conceptually, informed by practice-based theories, it conceives innovation as a sociocultural and sociomaterial process that leads to the transformation of the object/motives of activities, i.e. the problem space to which actions are directed. Empirically, drawing on a thematic and situational analysis of the career accounts of 32 immigrant engineers, it shows that immigrants expand engineering practices by introducing, inter alias, new technologies, products, processes, policies and standards. It further traces the rise of the problem spaces, and the ways in which engineering objects and other practitioners are knotted into practices of innovation. It argues that while immigrants manage to introduce epistemic objects through continuous learning and knowledge translation, it is through the enrolment of other practitioners, and technologies and tools that relations of differences and power are (re)negotiated, and new ways of doing become amplified as innovation at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with modelling of radiation from arbitrarily shaped thin wires above a multilayer and related engineering applications. The formulation is based on the set of corresponding Pocklington integro-differential equations (IDEs) for curved wires. The influence of lower layered half-space is taken into account by means of simplified reflection coefficient stemming from modified image theory (MIT). The set of coupled IDEs is handled via Galerkin Bubnov variant of indirect boundary element method (GB-IBEM) for curvilinear elements. The related field radiated from a wire configuration is obtained from corresponding integral expressions including integration of the currents along a given wire configuration. Some illustrative computational examples for certain wire configurations pertaining to dipole antennas, power communication systems (PLC) and instrumental landing systems (ILS) are given in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Procedural planning experiments often attempt to influence how planning actors think through producing physical and social environments that affect how they feel. In this paper such experiments are conceptualized as attempts at generating atmospheric "bubbles" through the engineering of affective atmospheres. Our empirical examples show that purposeful affective engineering is very difficult to achieve – and one cannot expect that their eventual outcomes can be predicted on the basis of the ambitions that underpin them. Therefore, it is crucial to remain attentive to questions concerning the variegated, distributed and often unexpected effects of such endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing optimum solutions to engineering problems typically relies on structured and complex thought processes that require evaluation, interpretation and opinion. Well-developed critical thinking (CT) skills are essential for dealing with the multi-dimensional nature of these problems. CT in an engineering context is well reported in teaching and learning academic literature. However, much of this is framed within theoretical and conceptual frameworks. Practical approaches of how CT skills are best promoted in engineering curricula are less common. A state-of-art review of practical interventions that target the development of CT in engineering students is presented. The review draws on 25 selected peer-reviewed journal articles in established engineering databases and focusses on teaching strategies where their effects in promoting CT skills in students are measured. Considerable variability in the reviewed literature was apparent. CT interventions and strategies are often reported, but metrics of their success in enhancing students' CT is often limited to qualitative, subjective inferences. To more robustly and holistically ensure that CT is clearly embedded in university curricula, there needs to be well-funded research programmes that allow different methods to be developed and trialled over extended periods in higher education engineering programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how four young women narrated accounts of their interactions with their male peers in the engineering classroom. Drawing on data collected in a qualitative case study conducted at one high-performing English university, this paper details how the four women described two different versions of laddish masculinity evident within their engineering classroom; a hostile laddish masculinity, and a 'friendly' or 'genial' upper/middle-class laddish masculinity. Whilst the hostile lads were seemingly frowned upon and socially excluded, the 'friendly' or 'genial' upper/middle-class lads appeared largely liked and tolerated by the women. This paper thus adds to our understanding of women's current experiences in engineering education, and works to extend research in the area of laddism in formalized learning contexts in higher education (HE). In particular, this paper draws attention to the existence of subtle or nuanced degrees of laddism in engineering at the university under study, and highlights a possible relationship between 'lad' discourses and gendered disciplinary discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We illustrate a project in art, maths, and origami, in the spirit of STEAM, carried out in an Italian high school. We chose the famous Van Gogh's painting: 'The Starry Night' and we invited 16-year-old students to cover some elements on the artwork with origami models. These models were related to engineering, architecture, design and art and, for each of them, we designed a lesson on a precise mathematical subject. In this paper, we give the details of the project and we sketch the mathematical lessons we did, giving also the instructions to fold the models. We have also analysed the answers of a questionnaire filled in by students, to check the adequacy and effectiveness of the experience. The results showed that the students welcomed this project, and improved their maths knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the attitudes towards engineering within early socialism in Britain. It asks why Owenites, as well as Chartists and Fourierists, were drawn to German-American utopian engineer John Adolphus Etzler’s settlement plans in the tropics. Etzler envisioned a tropical paradise run by machinery, where workers and their families lived in a cooperative community and worked only 50 days a year. First, the paper conceptualises the notion of utopian engineering, then it discusses the ambivalences in Robert Owen’s attitudes towards machinery. It shows that Owen endorsed mechanization as a tool to reduce child labour but feared that it caused unemployment and misery among adult skilled workers. The third part investigates Owen’s endorsement of Etzler’s colonial scheme, arguing that the early socialist and the engineer were mutually dependent on each other. Etzler provided Owen with a solution to his technological conundrum, while Owenite publications offered him a means to reach broader audiences for his Tropical Emigration Society. By demonstrating this entanglement, my paper adds to the literature of the relationship between utopia, early socialism, and engineering, and shows that mechanization was as central to early socialism as the abolition of private property, bourgeois marriage and religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel virtual method to conduct continuous distillation experiment in an undergraduate unit operation laboratory with the help of SPM 700 Distillation Column, one of the modules available in Simtronics, a commercial process operation simulator. Simtronics simulator is a powerful tool to teach process industry skills and it is recognized in both industry and educational institutions. It also provides a virtual environment, which is clear and engaging, with navigational signs to guide a user through a process operation consisting of several unit operations. Hence, SPM 700 Distillation Column was utilized to conduct the continuous distillation experiment and acquire the experimental results virtually. The results were further validated by employing the McCabe–Thiele graphical method, which is considered the most instructive method for the analysis of binary distillation. Similarly, several other educational objectives of an undergraduate unit operation laboratory can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]