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One of the main problems in control is that the overwhelming number of physical quantities cannot be measured directly. Hence, there arise so-called inverse problems on the determination of physical quantities from the results of their manifestations. In the mechanics of a deformable solid there is a problem of obtaining material properties at all stages of deformation and especially at the overcritical stage. In this paper, we formulate and solve the inverse problem of finding the tensile diagram of a material element from the diagram of the dependence of the bending moment on the curvature of a rectangular beam under pure bending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a shear strength model used to evaluate information of interest from shock experiments aimed at studying the properties of the hardened 30KhGSA steel and the MA14 magnesium alloy subjected to low- and high-intensity loadings. The model parameters are adjusted by experimental deformation curves obtained from static and dynamic tests at different temperatures and the data from shock experiments to account for strength variation at high strain rates. The simulation of low-intensity loading tests helped to improve the description of elastic-plastic properties and to adjust our failure model. The data from the shock experiments with high-intensity loading of 30KhGSA steel samples and unloading of the shocked samples in window materials were used to verify the phase diagram and the kinetics of direct and inverse phase transitions, and to determine more exactly how the changed phase state influences the strength. The model presented here has allowed us to reproduce the complicated strength behavior of the MA14 alloy at different loading intensities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the development and approbation of a computational model of damage accumulation in a vertical steel tank at the non-uniform foundation subsidence. The object of research is structure behavior at the survivability stage, namely, the character and sequence of damage initiation and accumulation (elastic-plastic strain, bottom and wall buckling) in the tank structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, the investigation results on the strain dependence of the Rayleigh wave velocity are presented. Plane dog-bone metal specimens were deformed by tension at a constant strain rate. The specimens were made of low-carbon steel with a carbon content of 0.1% (C10) and 0.2% (C22), martensitic stainless steel X40Cr13, and commercially pure titanium (CP Ti). Discontinuity points in the stress dependences of ultrasonic velocity and damping were found. These points are considered to be ultrasonic criteria for the stage change in the deformation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with an ultrasonic technique based on the measurement of acoustic birefringence of shear elastic waves for the evaluation of plasticity margin of an aluminum alloy operating in the conditions of Far North and the Arctic. We tested flat samples under uniaxial static tension at room and subzero temperatures. Besides, we performed ultrasonic measurements. We have found that acoustic birefringence monotonically changes during plastic deformation. The effect of plastic strain on the acoustic birefringence is associated with damage accumulation and texture change. As a result of the study, we have obtained a correlation equation allowing us to estimate the plasticity margin of the aluminum alloy at a subzero temperature, as well as at room temperature, using the measurement results of acoustic birefringence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents first results of obtaining metal-matrix composites based on severe plastic deformation by shear under pressure of layered Al and Cu components. Three-layer composites with different alternation of layers, i.e. Al-Cu-Al and Cu-Al-Cu, were processed by constrained high pressure torsion to produce monolithic disk-shaped samples without pores. Analysis of the macroscopic homogeneity showed that different alternation of layers led to varying degrees of mixing of the starting components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an automated system for monitoring the deformation state of a building complex. The measurement unit of the system records the vertical displacements of a number of bearing columns using the hydroleveling method. In the analytical block, numerical modeling of deformation processes in the subsoil–foundation– building system is performed. The information on the foundation settling obtained during monitoring is used to specify the boundary conditions for modeling the stress-strain state of the structure. Thus, the deformation response of all structural elements to uneven vertical settling of supporting columns is evaluated. The monitoring system has been working since 2010 and it has demonstrated high efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a method of mechanical impact on an element of a ring frame of a U-shaped cross-section with the aim of opening a closed delamination to a minimum size is considered, which will allow this defect to be detected by the nondestructive X-ray diffraction method, in condition that the loading will not lead to the formation of new defects and further growth of the existing ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of design methods for composite beams with curvilinear fiber trajectories is considered in this paper. The novelty of this approach is determined by the fact that traditional composite materials are typically formed using prepregs with rectilinear fibers only. The applications of the results are associated with designing shaped members with a composite structure by using of biomechanical principles [1,2]. One of the problems is evaluation of the effect of fiber misorientation on the stiffness and load carry capacity of a shaped composite element with curvilinear fiber trajectories. An equistrong beam with a constant cross-section area is considered as an example, and it can be produced by forming of a unidirectional fiber bunch impregnated by a polymer matrix. Methods for evaluating the effective elastic modulus for structures with curvilinear fiber trajectories are validated. The misorientation angle range (up to 5 degrees), when a material with required accuracy can be considered as homogeneous, is determined, fiber misorientation being neglected. It is shown that, for beams with a fairly small height-to-width ratio, it is possible to consider only 2D misorientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is concerned with the skin effect of plastic deformation, which was discovered circa ninety years ago. The study is carried out with the help of the hydrogen diagnostics. Accumulation of hydrogen is shown to occur due to the dissociation of atmospheric moisture under the process of plastic deformation of metals in a thin surface layer comparable to the grain size. Hydrogen is accumulated in pores and microcracks, whose volume in the surface layer increases hundred-fold. The zones of localization of plastic deformation coincide with the local surface zones of hydrogen storage. The obtained experimental data lead to the conclusion that the surface layer cannot be considered as a continuous medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With two structural steels (the steels 50 and 09G2S) as examples, the paper studies the effectiveness of a new method of ultrasonic impact-frictional treatment (UIFT) for the hardening and nanostructuring of the surface layer with the variation of the tilt angle of the vibrating indenter and the treatment environment. It is demonstrated that treatment with tool tilt angles different from 90° and with the absence of a contact liquid results in the formation of a nanostructured surface layer with increased microhardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the methods of modern physical materials science, the microstructure and characteristics of shear band propagation in wire-feed EBAM Ti-6Al-4V samples were investigated at different strain rates under uniaxial tension. The effect of shear bands on the fracture mechanism of wire-feed EBAM Ti-6Al-4V samples was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residual stress in layered composites significantly affects their mechanical properties. One of the most important tasks in the sphere of experimental mechanics is the development of effective methods for the accurate determination of residual stress values. This paper describes a modified destructive testing method implemented through layer-by-layer stitching. It differs from previous analogous methods by the use of electronic speckle pattern interferometry to measure the deformation response of a given sample. The interpretation of the initial experimental data in “stress terms” was carried out based on modeling through the use of the finite element method (FEM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of specimens made of alumina ceramics prior to catastrophic fracture and the transition to the blow-up mode. Ceramic specimens are tested in three point bending and uniaxial compression tests. The surface velocity of the loaded specimens is registered using a laser Doppler vibrometer. The duration of the stage of a catastrophic increase in the lateral surface velocity prior to fracture is approximately half a millisecond in three-point bending tests and about 0.1 ms in compression tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper consists of two parts united by the central idea of the random field of the microstructure of the material. The first part addresses a discrete static approach to describing the localization effect of plastic deformation known with the help of finite-element analysis under the assumption that the deformation of each of the grains obeys a bilinear law with a normal distribution of the yield stress over the grains. The result is a surface relief in the form of diagonally directed strips, which allows one to treat the deformed surface as Panin’s "chessboard". The second part is concerned with a dynamic continuum approach to the description of the random microstructure of materials. The problem of the propagation of stochastic waves modeled by waves in media with random elastic and mass properties is solved by means of the integral decomposition of the wave amplitude over the wave numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work is devoted to functional polycrystalline material design, which is currently an important research field in Material Science. The problem of searching for deformation regimes leading a billet to a product with a rational crystallographic texture is considered. To solve such problems, an approach based on multilevel modeling and statistical crystal elasto-visco-plasticity theories is proposed. In this article, a framework developed for simulating mechanical treatment processes and analyzing textures being formed is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultimate tensile strength of a hardened layer on a material surface is studied analytically and experimentally with the application of the finite element method and the rule of mixtures, when a specimen with a hardened surface layer is viewed as a composite material consisting of a matrix and hardening layer. It has been found that the application of both methods gives close ultimate tensile strength values for the hardened surface layer. Particularly, for a surfacehardened medium-carbon (0.51 wt% C) structural steel, the ultimate tensile strength of the hardened surface layer is 2700 MPa for the finite element method and 2671 MPa for the rule of mixtures. The obtained results testify to the possibility of determining the ultimate tensile strength of a hardened layer on a material surface by standard mechanical testing for uniaxial tension. The distribution of normal stresses has been determined in a bulk specimen and in a surfacehardened specimen. The presence of a 30 μm thick non-gradient hardened layer on a material surface is shown to cause a strong local stress concentration resulting from the effect of primary mesoconcentrators arising at the site of external load application and by the difference in the mechanical properties of the base material and the hardened surface layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modeling of high-speed deformation of α-Ti at a pressure of 20 GPa and a temperature of 700 K simulating the conditions of high-energy effects is carried out. The mechanisms of plastic deformation, including sliding along prismatic planes and the α-ω transition, are established. A feature of the deformation process of titanium in the considered conditions, which leads to the formation of disperse inclusions of the α-phase in the ω-phase matrix, is revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New materials with a multilevel hierarchical structure, with specified strength properties, require a regular study of the stability of their state. For this purpose, a new method for modeling acoustic monitoring of a block-layered elastic medium with several inclusions of different physical-mechanical hierarchical structures has been developed. An iterative process of solving the direct problem for the case of acoustic field penetrating three hierarchical inclusions of the l-th, m-th and s-th ranks based on the use of 2D integro-differential equations is developed. The degree of hierarchy of inclusions is determined by the values of their ranks, which can be different. The results of the study demonstrate that hierarchical inclusions are located in different layers, one on top of the other: the top is abnormally plastic, the second is anomalously elastic and the third is abnormally plastic. The degree of filling of each rank with inclusions for all the three hierarchical inclusions may be different. The simulation results can be used for monitoring studies of the stability of structures of a complex hierarchical arrangement under various mechanical influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is undertaken in order to obtain experimental data on dynamic compression of structural materials for refining computational models that describe material behavior under dynamic loading. The task was to study the dynamic properties of a copper-tin alloy and copper M00K in the strain rate range ε = 10² − 104 s-1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]