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It is generally perceived that a substantial number of engineering faculty are still unaware of alternative educational methods, and many who are aware of them choose not to incorporate them into their approach to teaching. There are several likely reasons for this inertia, aside from the inevitable human resistance to change. The primary focus of imparting information is restricted to fulfilling the course requirements and, the upcoming term end examination. It is imperative to adopt a change from teaching to learning paradigm engaging the students in Higher Order Thinking Skills. Knowledge and technological advancements are changing the role of engineering and engineering faculty in the society. Engineering Education reforms need to focus on inductive teaching and stimulated learning. Students should be taught critical thinking skills and creative thinking skills to keep pace with the rapidly changing engineering profession. This paper reports the study done to test and explore the faculty awareness of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives in the cognitive domain and Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and to evaluate question papers set by engineering faculty with respect to HOTS as proposed by Bloom's Taxonomy. Various active learning strategies to enhance critical thinking skills and creative thinking skills of the students are recommended for use by the faculty in their interactions with the students.

This paper analyzes 5677 research publications that Haryana had contributed in the area of engineering science during the last ten years (2005-14). The publications data was sourced from Scopus International database. The findings reveal that Haryana achieved significantly faster growth rate in engineering science (22.59% CAGR) but witnessed low level citation impact of 4.40 citations per paper, contributed merely 20 highly cited papers, and accounted for very low share (9.79%) of international collaborative papers in its total output during 2005-14. Engineering field with 52.37% share dominated Haryana's publications output in engineering science whereas the other sub-fields (materials science, computer science, chemical engineering and energy) were distant cousins in engineering science. The top 20 most productive organizations output in Haryana had average productivity of 205.1, averaged 4.91 citations per paper, averaged h-index of 12.5, and averaged 8.68% share of international collaborative publications. The top 20 most productive authors with affiliations to Haryana had average productivity of 49.9, averaged 6.68 citations per paper, averaged h-index of 6.61, and averaged 6.51% share of international collaborative publications during 2005-14. The research papers contributed by Haryana are scattered thinly across journals given the fact that top 25 journals had accounted for as low share of 16.29%.of total output (5677) by the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the attractiveness of graduates from Indian Polytechnics (PTs). The attractiveness is examined from the perspective of actors who have a demand for the graduates, namely companies and engineering colleges. To understand the reasons for their assessment of attractiveness, this study uses the concept of institutional logics (ILs) to unveil the inherent reasons behind the stakeholders' perception of attractiveness. To understand the stakeholders' ILs, interviews were undertaken in nine companies and 10 colleges in Mumbai and Delhi. The findings make clear that the companies' and colleges' assessments of the attractiveness of PT graduates are very different, reflecting their own ILs. Companies assess the attractiveness as limited due to the lack of employability of PT graduates. In contrast, colleges view graduates far more positively, as the weaknesses described by companies have less of an impact on them.

Universities contribute to economic growth and national competitiveness by equipping students with higher-order thinking and academic skills. Despite large investments in university science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education, little is known about how the skills of STEM undergraduates compare across countries and by institutional selectivity. Here, we provide direct evidence on these issues by collecting and analysing longitudinal data on tens of thousands of computer science and electrical engineering students in China, India, Russia and the United States. We find stark differences in skill levels and gains among countries and by institutional selectivity. Compared with the United States, students in China, India and Russia do not gain critical thinking skills over four years. Furthermore, while students in India and Russia gain academic skills during the first two years, students in China do not. These gaps in skill levels and gains provide insights into the global competitiveness of STEM university students across nations and institutional types., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Research on engineering practice is scarce and sharing of qualitative research data can reduce the effort required for an aspiring researcher to obtain enough data from engineering workplaces to draw generalizable conclusions, both qualitative and quantitative. This paper describes how a large shareable qualitative data set on engineering practices was accumulated from 350 interviews and 12 field studies performed by the principal investigator and by students conducting PhD and capstone research projects. Ethical research practice required that sharing and reuse of qualitative data be considered from the start. The researchers' interests and methods were aligned to maintain sufficient consistency to support subsequent analysis and re-analysis of data. Analysis helped to answer questions of fundamental significance for engineering educators: what do engineers do, and why are the performances of engineering enterprises so different in South Asia compared with similar enterprises in Australia? Analysis also demonstrated the overwhelming significance of technical collaboration in engineering practice. Conceiving engineering practice as a series of technical collaboration performances requires a more elaborate understanding of social interactions than is currently the case in engineering schools. Another finding is that global engineering competency could be better described in terms of "working with people who collaborate differently". Research helped to demonstrate that formal treatment of technical collaboration in an engineering curriculum could help avoid student misconceptions about engineering practice that hinder their subsequent engineering performances.

Irrespective of the branch of study, practical/laboratory courses are integral parts of engineering curriculum. These courses develop the knowledge, skill and attitude of the graduates. It is thus necessary to frame the laboratory experiments, to create a student centric learning environment and to have suitable assessment methodologies to enhance the cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills of the engineering students. This paper proposes a framework of the above three from the authors' perspective for a software laboratory. The proposed framework can be extended to the laboratory/practical with suitable modifications in the Course Outcomes. Also in this paper, a methodology is proposed for converting the scales into marks and also the formula for calculating the marks under various heads (record, viva voce and experiment) is given. Rubrics are defined for the Performance Indicators (PIs) as specified in the Examination Reform Policy of AICTE for the Program Outcomes (POs defined by National Board of Accreditation (NBA), India). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicine and engineering are two of the most sought after professions in India. However, despite the popularity of these two professions and structural issues in the tertiary education system, not much is known about the correlates of working as a doctor or an engineer. In this paper, we use unit-level data from a nationally representative sample to provide estimates of determinants of being employed as a doctor or an engineer. We use instrumental variable probit model to address endogeneity of own education of those working as doctors and engineers. Parental education is significantly associated with an individual being employed as a doctor or an engineer; the marginal effect for both being 25%. Females are significantly less likely to work as engineers vis-à-vis males, while it is not so in the case of doctors. There are significant caste- and religion-based variations as well as rural-urban differences. Our findings provide novel evidence on influence of parental education on career outcomes in the developing world and offer a contrast in the discourse of glaring gender gap in STEM (science, technology, engineering, medicine) fields.

In the industrialized nation, almost every facet of our lives is permeated by technological innovation at an accelerated pace. This is especially true in the areas related to health and medicine, which has further led to the evolution of a health care system that is technologically related and capable of providing a wide range of effective therapeutic and diagnostic treatments. The application of the principles and problem-solving techniques of engineering, biology and medicine is Biomedical engineering. Biomedical engineering focuses on the advancements to improve human health at all possible levels. Biomedical engineering has emerged as a new area of research combining biology and medicine with technology, providing new designs and concepts of medical instrumentation for the diagnosis, cure and prevention of various diseases. Biomedical engineering in the last three decades has sustained growth in human resources along with the emergence of careers as graduates and postgraduates and apart from this research works, health care and technological development are some of its other aspects. The present paper will provide an insight into biomedical engineering and future scopes, specifically in India. Biomedical engineers use and apply knowledge of the modern biological principles in their designing process. A biomedical engineer can work in a wide variety of areas and disciplines. Apart from this, there are several opportunities in industries for innovations, designing and developing new techniques. In the last few years, biomedical engineering has emerged as a booming career as the area of work and research and the possibilities of innovations in this field are nearly endless. Thus, the future of biomedical engineering is tied to both the obstacles we face in the field of medical sciences and its advancements. Hence the use of the biomedical engineering method has become a necessity for human health, research and development.

This research studies the positive and negative perceptions of graduate students from the United States studying issues of sustainable electronics and electronics manufacturing in India as part of a National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) curriculum. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of an online photoelicitation method, which intends to probe learning experiences from the graduate students' international experience through the use of participant-generated photographs taken during the trip. This research provides insight on the importance of international learning experiences in graduate-level engineering education and the value of non-traditional formats of graduate student learning. This research exemplifies the use of this novel method in research and educational assessment of non-traditional learning environments, as well as offers interested engineering educators guidelines to implementing this technique in their individual contexts.

The paper discusses a comparative study of h and g indices of prominent scientists from India in five selected subject fields viz. Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science, Engineering and Medicine. It throws light on various indices proposed by different scientists from 2006 to 2015. The analysis of the present study is based on publications and citations data extracted from the Web of Science for the time span 1999-2014. It is evident from the study that almost all authors' g-index is higher than that of h-index. The average g/h of all subjects' authors is around 1.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tamarind is widely consumed as fruit and spices in India. Tamarind contains pulp, seeds, shell and fibres. The pulp, which makes up between 30 and 50% of the mature fruit, is rich in reducing sugars, pectin, protein, fiber, and cellulose substances. Study of various physical engineering properties such as moisture content, fruit size, length, width, thickness, and weight (pulp, seed, shell, etc.) is important for designing the post-harvest machineries of tamarind. Major unit operations for processing of tamarind includes drying, dehulling, deseeding, pressing and storage. Traditional and mechanical approaches are used for these operations. Mechanical approaches of tamarind processing are carried out by dehuller and deseeder machinery. One of the crucial unit procedures in the processing of tamarind is deseeding which can be done by deseeder, mechanically. Processing of raw tamarind into value-added goods may increase its worth in addition to increase in shelf life. Additionally, it boosts the income of producers and processors. Value added products of tamarind are pulp, tamarind juice concentrate, tamarind pulp powder, tamarind pickle, tamarind jam, tamarind syrup, tamarind candy, tamarind kernel powder, dried fruit block, tamarind chutney and beverages. Tamarind is also rich in major amino acids phytochemicals and hence it carries the properties of antidiabetic, antibacterial, antivenomic, antioxidant. This paper provides an overview of the engineering properties, processing technologies, value added products, technologies and machineries developed/available for tamarind and its health benefits which will further help in machinery, protocol, technology and product design and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outcome-based education (OBE) by Washington Accord (WA) promises to improve the technical education system by clarifying expectations for students and focussing assessment on specific learning outcomes for better measurement of student achievements. Numerous publications describe the process and results of OBE implementation in India. This article is a meta-analysis of research articles documenting the OBE efforts made by Indian engineering institutes. The study implements the established objective approached based reviewing technique. A rubric comprising seven distinct measurements was applied to assess critically selected articles. The detailed assessment indicates that there is a lack of empirical validation of the results obtained by the researchers. The papers were also found to lack a consistent understanding of CO-PO mapping. Hence, there is a clear research gap of statistical validation of the results using pre and postimplementation data for a given improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper is an analytical study of factors impacting Hi-Tech intrapreneurs performance in India. The study involved a conscious, non-probability sampling method of data collection from pre-defined set of engineers working on innovative ideas in IT companies. In all, 253 respondents participated in survey (72.3% comeback rate) out of 350 respondents. The data response was neatened to consider sample of 232 Hi-tech engineer intrapreneur's (Persons working in an Organisation with Entrepreneurial Orientation) working in India. Hi-tech intrapreneurs performance was assessed on factors like visionary leadership, self-efficacy, innovative work behaviour. Inferential statistics including non-parametric tests like Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests conducted to shed significant light on the underlying patterns, trends, and differences in engineering intrapreneur's perception/performance on visionary leadership, general self-efficacy and innovative work behaviour. The results showed that Hi-Tech Intrapreneurs were higher on innovative work behaviour (mean = 5.7984) than visionary leadership (mean = 3.7636) and general self-efficacy (mean = 3.3858). There was significant evidence of difference in ranking of importance by intrapreneurs regarding innovative work behaviour, visionary leadership and general self-efficacy. Hi-tech intrapreneurs exhibited low self-risk taking ability and rare expertise practise in organisations. This will enable and improve entrepreneurial effectiveness and innovative performance within organisations. This paper depicts originality as it contributes towards a blend of new and old literature review on the research dimensions. It provides a more contemporary relevance of significant differences in engineer intrapreneurs performance and capabilities for innovativeness in organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation and optimization of multi-criteria with multiple alternatives have been essential activities for decision-making process. TOPSIS (Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution), a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique, has been adopted in the past for research & decision-making and ranking of alternatives by optimizing input parameters to get the maximum overall output from the system. This study aims to explore the context, reasons, and particular advantages of using TOPSIS in the materials science and engineering field for realizing goals of competitive supply chains (SCs). This study has reviewed and analyzed research papers from the approach of systematic review of the literature. This study has presented a conceptual framework to emphasize the antecedents and consequences of using the TOPSIS methodology for output optimization in the materials science and engineering industry that can improve the competitiveness of SCs. This study found that TOPSIS based methodologies have been used in eleven types of industries in India, indicating the prowess of TOPSIS methodology. The results of TOPSIS have compared very well with other MCDM methods that are relatively more difficult and cumbersome. This study will help the engineers, practitioners, academicians, researchers, and SC managers with the application approach of TOPSIS for output optimization in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undergraduate education plays a vital role in the career path of any Individual, be it in professional or nonprofessional program. Specifically, Technical Education demands a balance of practical exposure with Theoretical knowledge acquired by the students. In the previous years, this type of education which enables the student to spend part of his graduation period in Industry is abysmal in India. The system of Technical Education understands the role of Industry in a student growth in technical Education. In the present scenario of student centric learning where outcome based education is playing a vital role, Industry exposure will enable the students to understand the concepts he actually learns in classroom. This will help the institution to develop core engineering students. This paper gives a detailed study on the impact of Industry collaborative activities in the institution. The Under graduate students who have performed these activities were impacted directly in the form of placements. The students are from core engineering stream like Electronics and Communications Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Electrical and Electronics Engineering. The students were involved in the activities like projects, internships and Industrial visits through the Industry Institute Interaction cell in the author's Institution. The paper shows the complete 3 year data and the impact of each activity in the core engineering departments thoroughly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature available on the academic performance of students in higher education is sparse, particularly in India. Limited research exists that precisely examines the academic performance of engineering students and the factors that contribute to their success. Utilising primary survey data of2288 fourth-year engineering students in Delhi, this paper specifically examines how the academic performance (Measured by Cumulative Grade Point Average) of students from socially disadvantaged caste groups (SC/ST and OBC) varies in India and what factors determine this. In this context, the study revealed a considerable performance gap among engineering students of different social groups. Especially, the findings indicate a significant gender and caste disparity in academic performance in engineering education. Females exhibited about 16.5 per cent lower performance compared to males, and SC/ST students demonstrated around 38 per cent lower performance in comparison to their OBC counterparts. We find that various aspects of the socio-economic background and factors related to the educational environment such as the type of institution, scholarships, and past academic experiences, are significantly determining the academic performance of engineering graduates from socially backward caste groups. Given the poor linkage between engineering education and the labour market, the findings of the study have considerable policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian IT industry has a major footprint globally and is contributing substantially to Indian economy. To cope up with the global challenge of skill and capacity availability, Indian IT industry is looking up for "ready-to-deploy" skills. Due to growing competition, there is huge cost pressure on the IT industry and hence industry is largely dependent on graduate / post graduate fresher talent. To achieve this, there is large dependency on how industry and academics are connected to work jointly to meet the goal of onboarding "ready-to-deploy" talent. Industry needs to work closely with academics by means of spelling out the skills which they expect from fresher talent as well as work with academics to share their practical knowledge and experience. As per UGC data as of February 2017, India had 789 universities, 37,204 colleges and 11,443 stand-alone institutions which is highest in the world in terms of number of education institutes. Survey conducted by NASSCOM in 2011 showcased that 75% of IT graduates are not employed. Considering the issue faced by todays engineering fresher, this paper aims at highlighting current and future initiatives to bridge the gaps between academics and industry by means of research and development driving governance of academics with special focus on engineering colleges, developing centre of excellence which will help academicians to cope up with changing needs of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roads are one of the major contributing factors for the economic and social enhancement of any country. Its importance further increases if the economy of a country is based on agriculture. From the total land area of India, more than 20% is covered with soils having high swelling and shrinkage potential and low strength. Any type of construction over such soils will not last long due to subsidence and crack formation. So, in order to overcome such situations, some soil stabilization techniques have to be adopted, since removal and replacement will lead to heavy economic burden. This paper presents the effect of adding rice husk ash (RHA) and stone dust on various index and engineering properties of weak soil. Various doses of RHA (5, 10 and 20%) along with 6% cement and stone dust (10, 20, 30 and 40%) are used for stabilization. Tests are carried out to determine consistency limits, specific gravity, differential free swell, compaction characteristics and soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR). Test results indicated significant reduction in swelling potential and improvement in CBR value of soil, thus decreasing the thickness requirement of pavement and saving costly base and sub-base aggregate materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND:This paper studies the impact of musical religious songs (hymns) for managing stress of Indian Engineering students through Galvanic Skin Response (GSR). OBJECTIVE: The objective of the paper is to find out, whether listening to hymns is able to reduce the value of GSR. METHODS: Sample students were selected through initial screening and the students who reported high mental stress during the interview were selected for the main drills. All the readings were taken using a GSR meter. Statistical t-test was used for the purpose of hypothesis testing. RESULTS: The study examines the relation between GSR and stress. The results indicated that listening to hymns had a significant effect on the value of GSR. The results highlight that GSR decreased at t = 300 seconds for the experimental group, who listened to hymns, as compared to control group (not exposed to the same). CONCLUSION: It is recommended that, this amazingly effortless and yet highly efficient traditional technique of listening to hymns be made a part of student's routine curriculum. The paper aims at spreading awareness of listening to hymns as one of the modes of Stress Management amongst Indian Engineering Students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ramakrishnan, B.; Gavali, M., and Jeyaraj, S., 2024. Comprehensive analysis of siltation behavior in the navigation channel of Deendayal Port (India): Field observations, numerical modeling, and engineering solutions. Journal of Coastal Research, 40(1), 138–149. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Deendayal Port, formerly Kandla Port, is one of India's busiest ports, with a deep inland navigation channel that facilitates easy trade but has been plagued by siltation issues for decades because of the hydromorphodynamic characteristics of this region. This study aims to understand the siltation behavior in the port's navigation channel through field observations and numerical modeling and to suggest suitable engineering solutions. The in situ observations of tidal levels, currents, suspended sediment concentration, and multitemporal bathymetry datasets are used to calibrate a numerical model, developed using Delft3D, to estimate the hydromorphodynamics. As an engineering solution, porous barriers of different lengths and layouts are introduced in the numerical model to minimize siltation along the sides of the channel. It is observed that placing three porous barriers has reduced the siltation by 46 to 56% in the main navigation channel leading to the port. In practice, these porous barriers could be a silt curtain–type structure, which has successfully been adopted in several ports across the globe as an effective siltation stopper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to ascertain: first, India's public policy support for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) for external technology acquisition (ETA); second, objectives of SMEs for ETA; and third, factors which induced them to obtain their first ETA. Design/methodology/approach -- Public policy is examined through survey of literature, whereas objectives and factors influencing first ETAs by SMEs are analyzed based on primary data collected from 64 SMEs in Bangalore. Objectives of ETAs are analyzed descriptively whereas factors which facilitated/hindered early ETAs are examined through Cox regression analysis. Findings -- Public policy for ETAs by SMEs includes technology information, assistance and fiscal incentives. The technology focus of these SMEs has been shifting from conventional lathes to computer numerical control (CNC) machines. Most of the SMEs have gone for technology up-gradation with the objective of improving product quality, scale expansion, and meeting customer demand. Majority of these SMEs have obtained their first ETA within six years of their inception. Firm level factors have significantly influenced the time taken by these SMEs for their first ETAs. Overall, when technology is well developed and easily accessible, SMEs would hardly look for external support for ETAs. Research limitations/implications -- The shifting technology focus from conventional lathes to CNC machines is a welcome development, which is driven by the need for "competitiveness enhancement". Since there is no major obstacle for ETAs, policy makers may focus more on providing SMEs with market information and market developments. Practical implications -- The shifting technology focus from conventional lathes to CNC machines in Indian SMEs is a welcome development, which is largely driven by the need for better product quality, scale expansion and customer demand, and internal factors played a crucial role in the time taken by these SMEs in accomplishing their first ETA. As such there is no major obstacle for these SMEs in going for ETAs since technology suppliers are available at the door-step and finance is available from the banks. Therefore, policy makers may focus more on providing SMEs with market information and market developments in the domestic as well as international market. Originality/value -- This is a first attempt to examine public policy, objectives and factors influencing SMEs for ETAs in India, after 1991. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategic growth plan is a road map of an institute looking for its continuous and sustainable development over certain time duration. Measuring the constant and sustainable growth of any higher and technical educational institute, the strategic goal plan is the blueprint focused towards achieving the vision and mission of the institute. The strategies in terms of short and long term goals, measured through performance indicators of academics, administration, finance, research and extension activities need to be identifies, defined, worked on it and should be monitored and evaluated against target settings. This article presents the Strategic Educational Growth Plan of K J Somaiya Institute of Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India an higher and technical engineering institute in the era of Emerging Areas of Science and Technologies. The comprehensive suggestions and involvement of all the stakeholders of institute for realizing strategic growth plan has showed that the use of emerging areas of science and technologies, if incorporated in the development of the institute, can contributing at large, the growth of the nation. The proved practices of working on nationwide initiatives in healthcare, education, agriculture etc under the targeted sustainable growth of the institute has set a remark in the education sector which can adopted as a guideline by other developing engineering institutes in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employer attractiveness models need to include student-centric attributes related to the education-to-work transition. A four-factor Aspire model consisting of benefits, nature of work, employer value, and employer visibility was tested using structural equation modelling, with data collected from 2048 full-time college students from India over a period of five years. Behavioural insights were extracted using multivariate analysis of variance of Aspire factors across gender, programmes, course and graduating year. Prominent student-centric and employer-centric attributes that students find more attractive were identified. Institutional and recruiter strategies to enhance employer attractiveness among job aspirants are proposed. The limitations and scope for further work are also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to examine the failure factors for the construction firms in a developing nation. Furthermore, the comparison of failure factors for private and government firms are evaluated. Design/methodology/approach: In the present study, comparison between private and government construction firms is done in the context of a construction firm failure. About 60 construction firms were selected in and around the Nashik region for the investigation, where a simple multi-attribute rating technique (SMART) is used for analysis purpose. Findings: It is found that for private firms (private contractors and builders) lack of experience is the major factor for failure of the business as against lack of managerial experience is a critical factor in case of a government contractor. Practical implications: The outcome of the present study will be used to guide the policymakers during the implementation of governmental and private projects in order to lessen the construction project failures. Originality/value: Construction company failure is an important aspect in developing countries like India. The limited studies were available in literature which shows failure factors for government and private firms and distinguished them. Hence, the present study extends the construction company failure literature by focusing on government and private firms. Also, the study provides some theoretical guidelines for management to avoid construction company failure in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid 19 pandemic lockdown in India led the education to move from classroom learning to online learning. This created the need for online learning pedagogies. The current study focuses on developing synchronous and asynchronous models of online learning for engineering students. The data for the current study was collected through interviews of engineering students of different specializations. Transcription of interviews were prepared and subjected to three levels of coding i.e. open coding, axial coding and selective coding in order to prepare concepts. The concepts were then integrated into a model using grounded theory approach. The finding indicate that synchronous mode leads to group learning, peer learning, learning through simulation and effective learning. The asynchronous mode leads to reinforcement based learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender disparity in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in higher education is a matter of concern across the world. Expansion of the higher education sector in the early twenty-first century in India has enabled to bring attitudinal changes in Indian families especially towards females' STEM higher education. The present study aims to understand the trend in gender parity in STEM disciplines at various levels of higher education in India through All India Survey on Higher Education, Government of India (2010-2011 to 2018-2019). The study uses the Gender Parity Index (GPI) method to calculate the status of female in STEM higher education. The results show that there is gender parity in overall disciplines at under-graduation, post-graduation, and M.Phil. levels. In STEM disciplines, enrolment of female is higher than male in biological sciences at all levels, but physical sciences show lower enrolment of female. Computer engineering, information technology, and electronics engineering have shown improvement in enrolment of female within the engineering and technology category. Gender parity is poor in mechanical engineering, civil engineering, and electrical engineering at all levels of higher education. The complex and multi-layered gender relations in wider society impact females' access to STEM higher education and employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Stress relieving strategies (SRS) are quite significant to get rid of stress in engineering students. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the SRS factors in the engineering universities in Punjab state of India. This effort also aims to check the determinants of SRS. METHODS: The data is collected through a questionnaire survey conducted on engineering students of two different universities. The collected data out of 400 surveys is subjected to factor analysis and Anova. RESULTS: The factor analysis exposed various factors that influence the SRS. The study has projected the effects of SRS on gender, age, engineering streams, nature of universities. CONCLUSIONS: It is found that the SRS in students is partially influenced by engineering streams and gender of the engineering students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of present study is to examine the impact of aspects of spirituality on stress, anxiety, depression among engineering students. Subject and method: Data were collected from 914 engineering students of Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India. A self-administered questionnaire and DASS-21 scale were used to measure spirituality and depression, anxiety, stress in current study. Pearson correlation is used to examine the relationship between spirituality dimensions and stress, anxiety, depression; multiple regression is used to examine the most influencing spirituality dimension; independent sample t-test is used to examine the gender difference in spirituality, stress, anxiety, depression among engineering students. Result: Findings of the study propagated the positive and significant relationship between universal consciousness and anxiety of engineering students. Conclusion: The most influencing spirituality dimensions are relationship with self and relationship with others. The sense of spirituality of female students is stronger than that of male students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Academic stress is one of the active research domains in engineering institutions. As it can result in ill health of students, it is important to monitor the level of academic stress in students. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the academic stress factors in the engineering universities in Punjab state of India. This study also aimed to check the determinants of academic stress. METHODS: The data was collected through a questionnaire survey conducted on engineering students of two different universities. The collected data out of 400 surveys is subjected to factor analysis and ANOVA. RESULTS: Factor analysis revealed various factors that influence the academic stress. It was also found that the academic stress in students is most influenced by Engineering Streams and Nature of Universities. CONCLUSIONS: The study projected the effects of Academic Stress on Gender, Age, Engineering Streams, Nature of Universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India's programme for biometric registration, Aadhaar, is organised through engineering concept work that depends upon three distinctive claims for the 'social' as human condition: (1) the social as 'socialism', the failed premise of Nehruvian decolonisation understood to have placed the poor into a condition of bare life; (2) the social-yet-to-come as the effect of a proper distribution of the good termed 'service', to bring the poor into a self-ameliorating form of life; and (3) the social as the affective entanglements that family, caste and religious ties of biography demand, ties that divert service from proper distribution. Within the concept-world of Aadhaar, such entanglements prevent the social-yet-to-come, demanding a form of government that can produce a political subject outside of biography, which for the engineers is achieved by conceiving of India as a database, an archive prone to the duplication of its elements, and thus governing India as one would govern a database: by continually 'de-duplicating' it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces the intersections between higher education, social mobility, and the reproduction of inequalities in Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India. It explores the social history, political economy, and culture of education in the region, and the formation of a dominant social imaginary that equates engineering degrees, IT jobs, and migration with social prestige and success. This aspirational culture has shaped mobility strategies across social classes, the educational regime, and government policies aimed at greater inclusion. But state interventions in engineering education have produced contradictory outcomes, creating paths of mobility for some social groups but new modes of marginalisation and immobility for others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]