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During recent years, the socio political pressure to develop suitable technologies capable of treating wastewater from the paper and pulp industry has increased due to strict environmental regulations. System closure could potentially lead to substantial operating and discharge cost savings. This study evaluates the potential of combining an aerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) (biological) and a Fenton-like system (advanced oxidation processes) for treating recycle mill effluent (RME). The performance of the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was evaluated at three different hydraulic residence times (HRT). The HRT used were 24, 16 and 5 h and the corresponding total chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals were 55, 49 and 43% respectively. The volatile organic acids (VOA) removals were 63.5, 58.7 and 53% respectively. The Kincannon-Stover model was used to describe the kinetic behaviour of the MBBR. The calculated KB and Umax parameters for the COD were 26.37 g.L−1.d−1 and 15.06 g.L−1.d−1 respectively. For the VOA, the KB and Umax parameters were 11.81 g.L−1.d−1 and 8.87 g.L−1.d−1. The Fenton-like experiments were carried out in batch runs. The first experiments were carried out to determine the optimal reaction parameters. Maximum COD removals were found to be at a pH of 3.33, Fe3+ dosage of 1,000 mg/L and H2O2 of 14.55 mM. Pseudo-first order reaction kinetics was used to describe the kinetic characteristics of the Fenton-like treatment system. The calculated kinetic parameters ηmax (%) and kCOD (min−1) were 53.8% and 0.112 min−1 respectively at a pH of 3.24, Fe3+ dosage of 250 mg/L and a H2O2 dosage of 77 mM. Keywords: Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), Fenton-like system, Recycle mill effluent (RME)

In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of silver-coated gold nanoparticles (Au-Ag NPs) immobilized on cellulose paper. Ag NPs are known to have strong antibacterial properties, while Au NPs are biocompatible and relatively simple to prepare. We made the Au-Ag NPs using a facile process called Ag enhancement, in which Au NPs serve as the nuclei for precipitation of a Ag coating, the thickness of which can be easily controlled by varying the ratio of the reactants. After synthesis, electron microscopy showed that the Au-Ag NPs displayed a core-shell structure, and that they could be successfully immobilized onto a cellulose membrane by heat treatment. We then investigated the antibacterial properties of this NP-coated cellulose paper against E. coli JM109. The inhibition rate, growth curve, and AATCC 100 activity test showed that cellulose paper coated with 15 nm Au-Ag NPs possessed excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli JM109. These results suggest that Au-Ag NPs immobilized on cellulose paper could be a valuable antibacterial technology for applications such as food packaging, clothing, wound dressings, and other personal care products.

In this work, we studied the infl uence on the mechanical and physical properties of paper made of pulp from recycled cardboard and paper (printing/writing and newsprint) by adding different percentages of nanofi brillated cellulose. For each type of recycled pulp, we formed paper with incorporation of 0, 5 and 10 wt% nanofi brillated cellulose. The results showed that addition of nanofi brillated cellulose reduced the paper thickness and increased the density values. Papers with nanofi brillated cellulose presented resistance properties with values statistically superior to the treatments without addition. Addition of 10 % provided the best results, with improvement of tensile, burst and tear resistance of 97, 133 and 104 %, respectively, in comparison to normal papers. The paper produced with the recycled newspaper pulp had lower increase in mechanical properties from the nanofi brillated cellulose in relation to the papers with recycled pulp from cardboard and printing and writing paper. The considerable improvement in the mechanical properties is related to the increase of hydrogen bonds between the fi bers and nanofi bers, forming a dense network, resulting in greater surface area of nanofi brillated cellulose.

Advanced imaging techniques are enhancing research capacity focussed on the developmental origins of adult health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, and consequently increasing awareness of future health risks across various subareas of DOHaD research themes. Understanding how these advanced imaging techniques in animal models and human population studies can be both additively and synergistically used alongside traditional techniques in DOHaD-focussed laboratories is therefore of great interest. Global experts in advanced imaging techniques congregated at the advanced imaging workshop at the 2019 DOHaD World Congress in Melbourne, Australia. This review summarizes the presentations of new imaging modalities and novel applications to DOHaD research and discussions had by DOHaD researchers that are currently utilizing advanced imaging techniques including MRI, hyperpolarized MRI, ultrasound, and synchrotron-based techniques to aid their DOHaD research focus.

The Journal of Chemical Education announces a call for papers for an upcoming special collection of Communications on Insights Gained While Teaching Chemistry in the Time of COVID-19.

Traditional pulp and paper industry is in transition due to increased competition and changes in consumption habits. Advanced biorefining is seen as one option to create new business opportunities. This article presents a microalgae-utilizing biorefinery which is integrated into a traditional pulp and paper mill and which produces high-value algal products, fertilizer and biogas from secondary process streams. Presented biorefinery process is validated with mass balances, employing initial data from a Scandinavian pulp and paper mill. Results indicate that the proposed process is technically viable. Production potential is sensitive to light and nutrient availability in algae cultivation, and seasonal changes in irradiance result in significant output variation. The biorefinery process can be generalized to other process industry and wastewater treatment plants that have similar output flows.

Aerogels are a special class of nanostructured materials with very high porosity and tunable physicochemical properties. Although a few types of aerogels have already reached the market in construction materials, textiles and aerospace engineering, the full potential of aerogels is still to be assessed for other technology sectors. Based on current efforts to address the material supply chain by a circular economy approach and longevity as well as quality of life with biotechnological methods, environmental and life science applications are two emerging market opportunities where the use of aerogels needs to be further explored and evaluated in a multidisciplinary approach. In this opinion paper, the relevance of the topic is put into context and the corresponding current research efforts on aerogel technology are outlined. Furthermore, key challenges to be solved in order to create materials by design, reproducible process technology and society-centered solutions specifically for the two abovementioned technology sectors are analyzed. Overall, advances in aerogel technology can yield innovative and integrated solutions for environmental and life sciences which in turn can help improve both the welfare of population and to move towards cleaner and smarter supply chain solutions., COST, European Commission; European Union (European Union); Horizon 2020; MINECO; MCIU; Xunta de Galicia; Agencia Estatal de Investigacion [AEI] of Spain; FEDER

We study metal-coated paper for low cost sensor applications. Sputter deposition is used to coat commercially available stationary printer paper with Au or Ag thin films. Two kinds of substrates are used: copy paper and glossy photo paper. The surface morphology, coating structure and electrical resistivity of the samples is studied. We find that after deposition of a nominally 100 nm thick metal layer the templates retain their initial morphology, which is fibre-like at the copy paper and flake-like at the photo paper. The metal-coated paper is conductive in both cases, with resistivity a few times higher than the bulk value. The photo paper samples have lower resistivity than the copy paper ones. Moreover, no observable resistivity variation is observed after 8 weeks of room temperature storage in a desiccator., Funding from the E.C. through a FP7-ICT project (Grant No. 318144) and MINECO (ref.: MAT2014-59772-C2-1-P) is acknowledged.

Background: Vocational education and training (VET) aims to enable young adults or trainees to participate in the workplace, and to promote their vocational capacities. In order to examine trainees' competencies at the end of VET, appropriate instruments are needed. This contribution aims: (1) to give an outline of such an instrument, one that has been designed to evaluate vocational competencies in the field of economics, and (2) to present the results of an empirical comparison of two possible test modes: computer-based assessment (CBA) versus paper-based assessment (PBA). The use of new technologies offers various opportunities for competence measurement: in particular, the computer as an assessment tool presents an authentic work tool drawn from professional life and promises novel ways of designing assessments. However, the current assessment practice in Germany is dominated by the use of traditional PBA, and there is less evidence about the possible effects of CBA. This study addresses the question of whether there are significant differences in the various ways of representing and measuring commercial competence with respect to specific content, item format, and, finally, motivational aspects. Methods: A sample of 387 trainees from the German VET system was used to compare these two kinds of assessment. The analyses were realized using Item Response Theory and, particularly, Differential Item Functioning to detect differences between PBA and CBA at the item level. In addition to the performance data, motivational aspects, such as emotional state and test attractiveness, were also taken into account by a pre-/post-questionnaire. Results: The study demonstrates that both test formats (CBA and PBA) can represent commercial competence in a valid and reliable way, but differences were found for certain items in the number of correct responses. The PBA shows a slight advantage in respect of overall item and model fit. Another key finding of our comparative study, at item level, is important from an instructive viewpoint: (domain) specific items are easier to solve in CBA than in PBA, whereas more general items are answered correctly more frequently in the latter. Contrary to expectations, we could not confirm the overall dominance of CBA against PBA on the basis of test takers' motivation, but values from CBA were more stable over time. Conclusions: The study facilitated making the strengths and weaknesses of both test formats evident, and this implies the possibility of identifying opportunities for further development in assessment practice and in designing tests. Selected design criteria and aspects of test administration are discussed, with the aim of seeking to optimize test development in order to create the best possible estimates for young adults' competence and capacity to participate in the world of work. CA - Sangmeister

In industry an engineer is often required to keep a logbook for recording developments within projects. In higher education, logbooks are a commonly used tool thought to be one that encourages active independent learning and reflective thinking. In School of Engineering, at University of Portsmouth, paper and more recently online logbooks have been in use for recording work for final year projects and project based learning tasks. The work presented here benefits from a unique opportunity within the School of Engineering, where online logbooks alongside traditional paper based logbooks are being used within final year projects. A recent cohort of students (N=127) on ENG600 project module was given the option, through their Supervisors, to use paper logbooks and or online logbooks for recording their work. This work aims to investigate the use of both paper and online logbooks. A mix of Qualitative Research methods and quantitative techniques will be used in this project. The use of content analysis will provide an insight into student reflections and their motivations for using their logbook. Furthermore focus groups, involving live editing of documents in an individual and collaborative fashion, will be used to gather more data for analysis. Quantitative methods (questionnaire, analytics and quantitative content analysis) will also be used in this study. When this work is completed, it will provide guidance and comparison on using the two types of logbooks, backed by knowledge of student motivations and approaches.

Professionals with knowledge of industrial processes to ensure the best performance of the companies arisen in order to response to the needs of a society that constantly adapts and changes facing nature. This paper intended to show a vision of engineering through a literature review from its birth to what could be in its future; particularly the role of industrial engineering in education, based on articles from authors who have already researched and written on this subject, whose main conclusion is that the Industrial Engineering must be more participative regarding the institutionalism represented by universities, the company with its determining factor in society and the welfare of the population Los profesionales con conocimiento de los procesos industriales que garanticen el mejor funcionamiento de las empresas, surgieron como respuesta a las necesidades de una sociedad que constantemente se adapta y enfrenta a los cambios que la naturaleza y esta les imponen. El presente trabajo pretendió mostrar una visión de la ingeniería por medio de una revisión bibliográfica desde su nacimiento hasta lo que se cree sería su futuro y en particular el papel que desempeña la ingeniería industrial en la educación, tomando como base artículos de autores que ya han investigado y escrito sobre el tema, cuya principal deducción fue que la Ingeniería Industrial debe ser más participativa respecto a la institucionalidad representada por las universidades, la empresa con su factor determinante en la sociedad y el bienestar de la población

Download this index for direct linked access to reports and position papers associated with NCGIA hosted and sponsored specialist research meetings and conferences between 1988 and 2008.

Download this index for direct links to 122 technical reports in the NCGIA Technical Papers series, published in the 1988-1997 period.

Meat-containing bread with the use of hemp flour has been devised, with the subsequent assessment of its physical and chemical, sensory properties involving the study into the technological indicators of new products. Three experimental formulations for meat-containing bread were developed, which included semi-fat pork, poultry, mechanically deboned turkey, pumpkin pulp, and 8, 10, 12% of hemp flour. A meat-containing bread from combined raw materials was adopted as control. All samples were evaluated taking into consideration their physical and chemical, technological, and sensory characteristics. It has been proven that the addition of hemp flour to the formulation improved the consumer value of products by increasing the content of protein, fat, andminerals. It was found that the protein content in the developed products was 18.03‒19.53g/100g, which is 3.21‒11.80% higher than that of the analog. The fat content increased by 17.84–56.83%, which also led to an increase in the calorie content of products. It has been experimentally confirmed that the introduction of hemp flour into bread'sminced meat improves the functional and technological indicators of model meat systems. An increase in water-binding capacity was observed, by 13.46‒22.15%; in water-holding capacity, by 10.34‒21.43%; in fat-holding capacity, by 17.2‒26.9%. The combination of semi-fat pork, poultry, mechanically deboned turkey, and hemp flour increases the ductility of theminced meat while reducing the shear stress, contributes to the good forming properties of theminced meat. The sensory analysis of the prototypes showed their high consumer value. The organoleptic assessment and sensory analysis of the prototypes demonstrated high consumer properties of the manufactured products, which makes it possible to recommend them for inclusion in the diets of various segments of the population

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of integrated nutrient management practices on the microbial community dynamics of soils under sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) at ICAR - Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru during the Kharif season of 2015 and 2016. There were nine treatments replicated thrice in randomized complete block design. The results indicated that integrated application of FYM (10 t/ha) + 100% recommended N through FYM + bio-fertilizer i.e., T2 recorded the highest population of heterotrophic free-living N2 fixers (40.66 and 63.33 CFU ×103/ g), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (5.6 and 6.6 CFU ×103/ g) and fungal (6.4 and 5.33 CFU ×103/ g) while T9 with the application of NPK (160:80:80 kg /ha) + FYM (10 t/ha) recorded the highest population of actinomycetes (29.93 and 44.56 CFU ×103/ g) in the soil during 2015 and 2016, respectively. Application of recommended dose of FYM (10 t/ha) in T7 resulted in a reduction in the population of heterotrophic free-living N2 fixers (26.13 and 34 CFU ×103/ g) and actinomycetes (20 and 30.5 CFU ×103/ g) whereas, the application of a recommended dose of chemical fertilizer in T8 recorded the lowest population of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (3.9 CFU ×103/ g) and fungal (3.6 and 2.5 CFU ×103/ g) during 2015 and 2016, respectively. The highest organic carbon (0.63 and 0.66 %) content in the post-harvest soil samples was recorded with the application of NPK (160:80:80 kg /ha) + FYM (10 t/ha) while, the lowest organic carbon value (0.52 and 0.53%) was recorded in T8 during 2015 and 2016, respectively. Application of recommended FYM (10 t/ha) along with recommended NPK (160:80:80 kg/ha) in T9 recorded maximum herbage yield in the main crop (41.59 and 38.31 t/ha) and ratoon (20.97 and 17.77 t/ha) during 2015 and 2016, respectively. The results obtained from this study clearly demonstrated that integrated nutrient management can maximize soil microbial community dynamics which is considered as the driving force behind regulating soil processes that support sustainable sweet basil cultivation.

In the paper industry, to determine the installation positions of concentration sensor and flow sensor of pulp pipe transportation system, the length of pipe inlet section of pulp fluid must be determined. In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to determine the length of pipe inlet section of pulp fluid, the paper presents a method to determine the length of pipe inlet section of pulp fluid, and the relationship between the length of inlet section and pulp fluid parameters is studied by this method. Firstly, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method is applied to obtain flow velocity and solid phase concentration distribution data of pulp fluid at different axial positions in the pipe. Then, Pearson correlation coefficient method is applied to analyze these data. Finally, the length of pipe inlet section of pulp fluid is determined according to the obtained correlation coefficient, and the relationship between the length of pipe inlet section of pulp fluid and initial average flow velocity and solid phase concentration is obtained. The conclusion shows that the method can well obtain the length of pipe inlet section of pulp fluid, which provide some theoretical basis for the design of pulp pipe transportation system.

Commonly found in Mato-grossense Cerrado, the pequi tree (Caryocar brasiliense Camb) produces a fruit called pequi, which is sold and consumed by the population where it is produced, in cream, candies, ice creams or in natura, as a typical regional side dish. It is a highly nutritious fruit and hence necessary to the population. The aim of this study was to proceed with the biometric and physical-chemical analysis of pequis collected in the north of the state of Mato Grosso, to contribute with a database to help identify good genoptypes for commercial and industry usage, to build a germplasm bank. Whole fruits from seven different matrixes of Caryocar brasiliense Camb were randomly collected in União do Sul-MT, seasons 2017 and 2019. The mass, transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, volume and sphericity of fruits and pyrenes have been determined, as well as the number of pyrenes per fruit and pulp mass. The pulp was analyzed for its moisture, pH, total titratable acidity and soluble solids contents. The physical evaluation for fruits and pyrenes show that the observed matrixes had statistically significant differences in all parameters tested, especially on mass, volume and pulp mass. The pequis from matrix 7 have the best results for whole fruit and pyrenes mass, and also for pulp mass and pulp mass/whole fuit ratio. The results for moisture and physical-chemical analysis show that the observed matrixes presented statistically significant differences. The findings are similar to the ones detected in studies with pequis in other regions. Based on the results obtained, the fruits that have been analyzed may be regarded as of interest for business and industry, therefore may be considered to build a germplasm bank.