358 results
Search Results
2. The Studies on Chitosan for Sustainable Development: A Bibliometric Analysis.
- Author
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Lam, Weng Siew, Lam, Weng Hoe, and Lee, Pei Fun
- Subjects
BIBLIOMETRICS ,SUSTAINABLE development ,BIOMACROMOLECULES ,MATERIALS science ,WATER purification - Abstract
Chitosan is a biocompatible polymer with vast applications in pharmacology, medicine, paper making, agriculture, and the food industry due to its low toxicity. Chitosan also plays an important role in the sustainable environment since chitosan is able to absorb greenhouse gases, harmful organic matter, and heavy ions. Therefore, this paper conducts a bibliometric analysis of chitosan for sustainable development using the Scopus database from 1976 to 2023. A performance analysis on the 8002 documents was performed with Harzing's Publish or Perish. Science mapping was conducted using VOSviewer. The annual publication on chitosan for sustainable development showed an upward trend in recent years as the annual publication peaked in 2022 with 1178 documents with most of the documents being articles and published in journals. Material science, chemistry, and engineering are tightly related subject areas. China had the highest publication of 1560 total documents while the United States had the most impactful publication with 55,019 total citations, 68.77 citations per document, 77.6 citations per cited document, h-index 110, and g-index of 211. India had the largest international collaboration with 572 total link strength. "International Journal of Biological Macromolecules", "Carbohydrate Polymers", and "Polymers" have been identified as the top three source titles that publish the most documents on chitosan for sustainable development. The emerging trends in chitosan on sustainable development focus on the application of chitosan as an antibacterial agent and biosorbent for contaminants, especially in water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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3. 2D Materials Nanoarchitectonics for 3D Structures/Functions.
- Author
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Ariga, Katsuhiko
- Subjects
LIQUID crystals ,METAL-organic frameworks ,MATERIALS science ,CRYSTAL surfaces ,SURFACE reactions - Abstract
It has become clear that superior material functions are derived from precisely controlled nanostructures. This has been greatly accelerated by the development of nanotechnology. The next step is to assemble materials with knowledge of their nano-level structures. This task is assigned to the post-nanotechnology concept of nanoarchitectonics. However, nanoarchitectonics, which creates intricate three-dimensional functional structures, is not always easy. Two-dimensional nanoarchitectonics based on reactions and arrangements at the surface may be an easier target to tackle. A better methodology would be to define a two-dimensional structure and then develop it into a three-dimensional structure and function. According to these backgrounds, this review paper is organized as follows. The introduction is followed by a summary of the three issues; (i) 2D to 3D dynamic structure control: liquid crystal commanded by the surface, (ii) 2D to 3D rational construction: a metal–organic framework (MOF) and a covalent organic framework (COF); (iii) 2D to 3D functional amplification: cells regulated by the surface. In addition, this review summarizes the important aspects of the ultimate three-dimensional nanoarchitectonics as a perspective. The goal of this paper is to establish an integrated concept of functional material creation by reconsidering various reported cases from the viewpoint of nanoarchitectonics, where nanoarchitectonics can be regarded as a method for everything in materials science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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4. Special Issue "Construction Materials and Other Related Materials: Basic Theory, Applied Technology and Advanced Research Methods".
- Author
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Du, Xi, Chen, Youliang, Azzam, Rafig, Fernandez-Steeger, Tomas Manuel, and Peng, Bin
- Subjects
CONSTRUCTION materials ,MATERIALS science ,WATER damage ,MECHANICAL behavior of materials ,BENTONITE ,PORE water pressure ,GYPSUM - Abstract
This document is a summary of a special issue of the journal "Materials" focused on construction materials and related topics. The issue includes research papers that explore the mechanical properties and behavior of various materials. The studies cover a range of topics, such as the effects of high temperatures on concrete structures, the use of steel slag powder in asphalt, and the behavior of slopes under intense precipitation. The findings from these studies offer valuable insights for enhancing the performance and understanding of these materials in different applications. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
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5. Mechanical Performance of Advanced Composite Materials and Structures.
- Author
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Fan, Yin
- Subjects
COMPOSITE structures ,COMPOSITE materials ,AUXETIC materials ,POISSON'S ratio ,CARBON-based materials ,MATERIALS science - Abstract
This document is a summary of a special issue of the journal "Materials" focused on the mechanical performance of advanced composite materials and structures. The issue includes 14 research articles from various countries, covering topics such as carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), metal matrix composites (MMCs), nano reinforcement, auxetic lattice, and other composites. The articles explore different aspects of mechanical performance, including crash performance, joint performance, laminate design, and the use of advanced materials in medical applications. The issue highlights the potential for improving mechanical properties and achieving innovative designs in various industries. The success of this special issue has led to the commissioning of a second edition on the same topic. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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6. Optimizing Structural and Mechanical Properties of an Industrial Ti-6246 Alloy below β-Transus Transition Temperature through Thermomechanical Processing.
- Author
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Alluaibi, Mohammed Hayder Ismail, Balkan, Irina Varvara, Șerban, Nicolae, Cinca, Ion, Angelescu, Mariana Lucia, Cojocaru, Elisabeta Mirela, Alturaihi, Saleh Sabah, and Cojocaru, Vasile Dănuț
- Subjects
TRANSITION temperature ,TENSILE tests ,INDUSTRIAL property ,MATERIALS science ,HOT rolling - Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of hot deformation on commercially available Ti-6246 alloy below its β-transus transition temperature at 900 °C, knowing that the α → β transition temperature of Ti-6246 alloy is about 935 °C. The study systematically applies a thermomechanical processing cycle, including hot rolling at 900 °C and solution and ageing treatments at various temperatures, to investigate microstructural and mechanical alterations. The solution treatments are performed at temperatures of 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C, i.e., below and above the β-transus transition temperature, for 9 min, followed by oil quenching. The ageing treatment is performed at 600 °C for 6 h, followed by air quenching. Employing various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, tensile strength and microhardness testing, the research identifies crucial changes in the alloy's constituent phases and morphology during thermomechanical processing. In solution treatment conditions, it was found that at temperatures of 800 °C and 900 °C, the α′-Ti martensite phase was generated in the primary α-Ti phase according to Burger's relation, but the recrystallization process was preferred at a temperature of 900 °C, while at a temperature of 1000 °C, the α″-Ti martensite phase was generated in the primary β-Ti phase according to Burger's relation. The ageing treatment conditions cause the α′-Ti/α″-Ti martensite phases to revert to their α-Ti/β-Ti primary phases. The mechanical properties, in terms of strength and ductility, underwent an important beneficial evolution when applying solution treatment, followed by ageing treatment, which provided an optimal mixture of strength and ductility. This paper provides engineers with the opportunity to understand the mechanical performance of Ti-6246 alloy under applied stresses and to improve its applications by designing highly efficient components, particularly military engine components, ultimately contributing to advances in technology and materials science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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7. Special Issue: Soft Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials.
- Author
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Timofeev, Ivan V. and Lee, Wei
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PHOTONIC crystals ,CHOLESTERIC liquid crystals ,MATERIALS science ,OPTICAL polarization ,OPTICAL dispersion ,METAMATERIALS ,COLLOIDAL crystals - Abstract
The paper strives to reduce the threshold until sunlight showing the dye doping has a great impact on the optical Fréedericksz transition, and that the host liquid crystal type also plays an important role. The threshold light intensity in trifluorinated liquid crystals is shown to be 42% lower than that in liquid crystals without fluorine substituents. Fréedericksz transition in liquid crystals is one of the most classic and important concepts with real applications for liquid crystals in the society. Soft matters include polymers, liquid crystals, colloids, biological tissues, and many smart materials. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
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8. Superelastic Nickel–Titanium (NiTi)-Based Smart Alloys for Enhancing the Performance of Concrete Structures.
- Author
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Alshannag, Mohammad J., Alqarni, Ali S., and Higazey, Mahmoud M.
- Subjects
SHAPE memory alloys ,PRESTRESSED concrete beams ,SMART structures ,SMART materials ,FATIGUE limit ,NICKEL-titanium alloys ,MATERIALS science - Abstract
Recent advances in materials science have led to the development of smart materials that can continuously adapt to different loading conditions and changing environment to meet the growing demand for smart structural systems. The unique characteristics of superelastic NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) have attracted the attention of structural engineers worldwide. SMAs are metallic materials that can retrieve their original shape upon exposure to various temperatures or loading/unloading conditions with minimal residual deformation. SMAs have found increasing applications in the building industry because of their high strength, high actuation and damping capacities, good durability, and superior fatigue resistance. Despite the research conducted on the structural applications of SMAs during the previous decades, the existing literature lacks reviews on their recent uses in building industry such as prestressing concrete beams, seismic strengthening of footing–column connections, and fiber-reinforced concrete. Furthermore, scarce research exists on their performance under corrosive environments, elevated temperatures, and intensive fires. Moreover, the high manufacturing cost of SMA and the lack of knowledge transfer from research to practice are the main obstacles behind their limited use in concrete structures. This paper sheds light on the latest progress made in the applications of SMA in reinforced concrete structures during the last two decades. In addition, the paper concludes with the recommendations and future opportunities associated with expanding the use of SMA in civil infrastructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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9. Trends and Prospects in Surface Engineering.
- Author
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Rokosz, Krzysztof
- Subjects
LASER beam cutting ,MATERIALS science ,TRANSITION metals ,PHOSPHATE coating ,ENGINEERING ,TITANIUM oxidation - Abstract
The next four papers [[4], [6]] present the porous coatings fabrication by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO), known also as Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO). Surface engineering is an interdisciplinary topic thatcontains many branches of science related to materials science, chemistry, and physics. The effect of different polishing methods (mechanical and electrochemical) on passive layer chemistry and the corrosion behavior of stainless steels in paper [[3]] was presented. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
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10. Special Issue: Selected Papers from Experimental Stress Analysis 2020.
- Author
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Kunčická, Lenka, Halama, Radim, and Fusek, Martin
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STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) ,SHAPE memory effect ,MATERIALS science ,METALLIC composites ,SHAPE memory alloys ,MECHANICAL stress analysis ,ACOUSTIC emission - Published
- 2021
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11. 3D Model of Carbon Diffusion during Diffusional Phase Transformations.
- Author
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Łach, Łukasz and Svyetlichnyy, Dmytro
- Subjects
PHASE transitions ,LATTICE Boltzmann methods ,CARBON steel ,MATERIALS science ,CELLULAR automata - Abstract
The microstructure plays a crucial role in determining the properties of metallic materials, in terms of both their strength and functionality in various conditions. In the context of the formation of microstructure, phase transformations that occur in materials are highly significant. These are processes during which the structure of a material undergoes changes, most commonly as a result of variations in temperature, pressure, or chemical composition. The study of phase transformations is a broad and rapidly evolving research area that encompasses both experimental investigations and modeling studies. A foundational understanding of carbon diffusion and phase transformations in materials science is essential for comprehending the behavior of materials under different conditions. This understanding forms the basis for the development and optimization of materials with desired properties. The aim of this paper is to create a three-dimensional model for carbon diffusion in the context of modeling diffusional phase transformations occurring in carbon steels. The proposed model relies on the utilization of the LBM (Lattice Boltzmann Method) and CUDA architecture. The resultant carbon diffusion model is intricately linked with a microstructure evolution model grounded in FCA (Frontal Cellular Automata). This manuscript provides a concise overview of the LBM and the FCA method. It outlines the structure of the developed three-dimensional model for carbon diffusion, details its correlation with the microstructure evolution model, and presents the developed algorithm for simulating carbon diffusion. Demonstrative examples of simulation results, illustrating the growth of the emerging phase and affected by various model parameters within particular planes of the 3D calculation domain, are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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12. The Studies on Gallium Nitride-Based Materials: A Bibliometric Analysis.
- Author
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Lam, Weng Hoe, Lam, Weng Siew, and Lee, Pei Fun
- Subjects
BIBLIOMETRICS ,MATERIALS analysis ,GALLIUM ,MATERIALS science ,GALLIUM nitride - Abstract
Gallium nitride (GaN) has a wide energy band gap and a high power density, efficiency, switching frequency, and electron carrier mobility, having broad applications in digitization. Because GaN has high potentials, this study performed a bibliometric analysis on the publications of GaN indexed in the Web of Science database from 1970 to 2023. A performance analysis of the 15,634 publications was performed using Harzing's Publish or Perish tool, while science mappings were performed with VOSviewer software. The results show that there has been an uptrend in the on-going research on GaN, especially in the past decade. Most of the documents are within the fields of physics, engineering, and materials science. The United States has the highest number of publications and the most impactful research. The United States is also actively collaborating with other countries to gain deeper insights into GaN. The analysis shows that the concentration of GaN research is slowly moving towards the development of high-voltage operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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13. Advances in Focused Ion Beam Tomography for Three-Dimensional Characterization in Materials Science.
- Author
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Mura, Francesco, Cognigni, Flavio, Ferroni, Matteo, Morandi, Vittorio, and Rossi, Marco
- Subjects
MATERIALS science ,TOMOGRAPHY ,FOCUSED ion beams ,DEEP learning ,MACHINE learning ,ION beams ,HANDLES ,ELECTRON microscopy - Abstract
Over the years, FIB-SEM tomography has become an extremely important technique for the three-dimensional reconstruction of microscopic structures with nanometric resolution. This paper describes in detail the steps required to perform this analysis, from the experimental setup to the data analysis and final reconstruction. To demonstrate the versatility of the technique, a comprehensive list of applications is also summarized, ranging from batteries to shale rocks and even some types of soft materials. Moreover, the continuous technological development, such as the introduction of the latest models of plasma and cryo-FIB, can open the way towards the analysis with this technique of a large class of soft materials, while the introduction of new machine learning and deep learning systems will not only improve the resolution and the quality of the final data, but also expand the degree of automation and efficiency in the dataset handling. These future developments, combined with a technique that is already reliable and widely used in various fields of research, are certain to become a routine tool in electron microscopy and material characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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14. Energy Storage Ceramics: A Bibliometric Review of Literature.
- Author
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Hu, Haiyan, Liu, Aiping, Wan, Yuehua, and Jing, Yuan
- Subjects
ENERGY storage ,LEAD-free ceramics ,LITERATURE reviews ,MATERIALS science ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics - Abstract
Energy storage ceramics is among the most discussed topics in the field of energy research. A bibliometric analysis was carried out to evaluate energy storage ceramic publications between 2000 and 2020, based on the Web of Science (WOS) databases. This paper presents a detailed overview of energy storage ceramics research from aspects of document types, paper citations, h-indices, publish time, publications, institutions, countries/regions, research areas, highly cited papers, and keywords. A total of 3177 publications were identified after retrieval in WOS. The results show that China takes the leading position in this research field, followed by the USA and India. Xi An Jiao Tong Univ has the most publications, with the highest h-index. J.W. Zhai is the most productive author in energy storage ceramics research. Ceramics International, Journal of Materials Science-Materials in Electronics, and the Journal of Alloys and Compounds are the most productive journals in this field, and materials science—multidisciplinary is the most frequently used subject category. Keywords, highly cited papers, and the analysis of popular papers indicate that, in recent years, lead-free ceramics are prevalent, and researchers focus on fields such as the microstructure, thin films, and phase transition of ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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15. Characterization of the 1-(5-(4,5-Dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxoborolan-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)ethanone Using NMR 13 C, 1 H and 11 B through the Density Functional Theory.
- Author
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Guevara, Ulises J., R., Jesús B. Núñez, Lozada-Yavina, Rafael, Tiutiunnyk, Anton, Pérez, Laura M., Díaz, Pablo, Urdaneta, Neudo, and Laroze, David
- Subjects
CHEMICAL shift (Nuclear magnetic resonance) ,DENSITY functional theory ,NUCLEAR magnetic resonance ,MATERIALS science ,WAVE functions ,MOLECULAR structure - Abstract
The use of computational methods that allow us to perform characterization on new compounds is not a novelty; nevertheless, the degree of complexity of the structures makes their study more challenging since new techniques and methods are required to adjust to the new structural model. The case of nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of boronate esters is fascinating because of its widespread use in materials science. In this paper, we use density functional theory to characterize the structure of the compound 1-[5-(4,5-Dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl]ethanonea by means of nuclear magnetic resonance. We studied the compound in its solid form with the PBE–GGA and PBEsol–GGA functionals, with a set of plane wave functions and an augmented wave projector, which included gauge in CASTEP and its molecular structure with the B3LYP functional using the package Gaussian 09. In addition, we performed the optimization and calculation of the chemical shifts and isotropic nuclear magnetic resonance shielding of 1 H, 13 C, and 11 B. Finally, we analyzed and compared the theoretical results with experimental diffractometric data observing a good approximation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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16. Research Progress in Nonlinear Ultrasonic Testing for Early Damage in Metal Materials.
- Author
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Yan, Xiaoling, Wang, Houpu, and Fan, Xiaozhi
- Subjects
ULTRASONIC testing ,RESONANCE frequency analysis ,NONDESTRUCTIVE testing ,ULTRASONIC arrays ,PHASED array antennas ,MATERIALS science - Abstract
There are some limitations when conventional ultrasonic testing methods are used for testing early damage in metal parts. With the continuous development of acoustics and materials science, nonlinear ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology has been used for testing of early damage in metal materials. In order to better understand the basic theory and research progress of the nonlinear ultrasonic testing technology, the classical nonlinear ultrasonic theoretical models, including the dislocation monopole model, dislocation dipole model, precipitate-dislocation pinning model, and contact nonlinear ultrasonic theory-microcrack model, are analyzed in depth. This paper introduces the application and research progress of nonlinear ultrasonic detection technology, which is derived from different acoustic nonlinear effects, such as higher harmonic, wave mixing and modulation, sub-harmonic, resonance frequency spectrum analysis, and non-linear ultrasonic phased array imaging. The key technologies and problems are summarized to provide a reference for the further development and promotion of nonlinear ultrasonic non-destructive testing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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17. Interfacial and Transport Phenomena between Liquid Metal and Solid Structural Materials.
- Author
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Giuranno, Donatella and Polkowski, Wojciech
- Subjects
LIQUID metals ,CONSTRUCTION materials ,TRANSPORT theory ,HEAT resistant materials ,MATERIALS science - Published
- 2022
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18. Surface-Modified In 2 O 3 for High-Throughput Screening of Volatile Gas Sensors in Diesel and Gasoline.
- Author
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Zhang, Deqi, Guo, Shenghui, Gao, Jiyun, Yang, Li, Zhu, Ye, Ma, Yanjia, and Hou, Ming
- Subjects
GAS detectors ,HIGH throughput screening (Drug development) ,RARE earth metals ,MATERIALS science ,GASOLINE - Abstract
In this paper, with the help of the method of composite materials science, parallel synthesis and high-throughput screening were used to prepare gas sensors with different molar ratios of rare earths and precious metals modified In
2 O3 , which could be used to monitor and warn the early leakage of gasoline and diesel. Through high-throughput screening, it is found that the effect of rare earth metal modification on gas sensitivity improvement is better than other metals, especially 0.5 mol% Gd modified In2 O3 (Gd0.5 In) gas sensor has a high response to 100 ppm gasoline (Ra /Rg = 6.1) and diesel (Ra /Rg = 5) volatiles at 250 °C. Compared with the existing literature, the sensor has low detection concentration and suitable stability. This is mainly due to the alteration of surface chemisorption oxygen caused by the catalysis and modification of rare earth itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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19. Brillouin Scattering Study of Electro-Optic KTa 1− x Nb x O 3 Crystals.
- Author
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Rahaman, Md. Mijanur and Kojima, Seiji
- Subjects
MATERIALS science ,SPEED of sound ,CRYSTALS ,ELECTRIC fields ,CURIE temperature - Abstract
The functionality enhancement of ferroelectrics by local polar clusters called polar nanoregions (PNRs) is one of the current interests in materials science. KTa
1−x Nbx O3 (KTN) with perovskite structure is a well-known electro-optic crystal with a large Kerr effect. The existence of PNRs in relaxor-like ferroelectric Nb-rich KTN with homovalent B-site cations is controversial. This paper reviews recent progress in understanding precursor dynamics in Nb-rich KTN crystals studied using Brillouin scattering. The intense central peak (CP) and significant softening of sound velocity are observed above the Curie temperature (TC ) due to the polarization fluctuations in PNRs. The effects of Li-doping, defects, and electric fields on the growth and/or creation of PNRs are found using changes in acoustic properties. The electric-field-induced TC , which is shifted to higher values with increases in applied voltage, including critical endpoint (CEP) and field gradient by trapped electrons, are discussed as well. This new knowledge may give new insight into advanced functionality in perovskite ferroelectrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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20. Hybrid Data-Driven Deep Learning Framework for Material Mechanical Properties Prediction with the Focus on Dual-Phase Steel Microstructures.
- Author
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Cheloee Darabi, Ali, Rastgordani, Shima, Khoshbin, Mohammadreza, Guski, Vinzenz, and Schmauder, Siegfried
- Subjects
MECHANICAL behavior of materials ,DUAL-phase steel ,DEEP learning ,MATERIALS science ,FINITE element method ,YIELD stress - Abstract
A comprehensive approach to understand the mechanical behavior of materials involves costly and time-consuming experiments. Recent advances in machine learning and in the field of computational material science could significantly reduce the need for experiments by enabling the prediction of a material's mechanical behavior. In this paper, a reliable data pipeline consisting of experimentally validated phase field simulations and finite element analysis was created to generate a dataset of dual-phase steel microstructures and mechanical behaviors under different heat treatment conditions. Afterwards, a deep learning-based method was presented, which was the hybridization of two well-known transfer-learning approaches, ResNet50 and VGG16. Hyper parameter optimization (HPO) and fine-tuning were also implemented to train and boost both methods for the hybrid network. By fusing the hybrid model and the feature extractor, the dual-phase steels' yield stress, ultimate stress, and fracture strain under new treatment conditions were predicted with an error of less than 1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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21. Band Gap Opening in Borophene/GaN and Borophene/ZnO Van der Waals Heterostructures Using Axial Deformation: First-Principles Study.
- Author
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Slepchenkov, Michael M., Kolosov, Dmitry A., Nefedov, Igor S., and Glukhova, Olga E.
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC band structure ,ELECTRONIC density of states ,HETEROSTRUCTURES ,MATERIALS science ,GALLIUM nitride ,BAND gaps ,MONOMOLECULAR films - Abstract
One of the topical problems of materials science is the production of van der Waals heterostructures with the desired properties. Borophene is considered to be among the promising 2D materials for the design of van der Waals heterostructures and their application in electronic nanodevices. In this paper, we considered new atomic configurations of van der Waals heterostructures for a potential application in nano- and optoelectronics: (1) a configuration based on buckled triangular borophene and gallium nitride (GaN) 2D monolayers; and (2) a configuration based on buckled triangular borophene and zinc oxide (ZnO) 2D monolayers. The influence of mechanical deformations on the electronic structure of borophene/GaN and borophene/ZnO van der Waals heterostructures are studied using the first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) within a double zeta plus polarization (DZP) basis set. Four types of deformation are considered: uniaxial (along the Y axis)/biaxial (along the X and Y axes) stretching and uniaxial (along the Y axis)/biaxial (along the X and Y axes) compression. The main objective of this study is to identify the most effective types of deformation from the standpoint of tuning the electronic properties of the material, namely the possibility of opening the energy gap in the band structure. For each case of deformation, the band structure and density of the electronic states (DOS) are calculated. It is found that the borophene/GaN heterostructure is more sensitive to axial compression while the borophene/ZnO heterostructure is more sensitive to axial stretching. The energy gap appears in the band structure of borophene/GaN heterostructure at uniaxial compression by 14% (gap size of 0.028 eV) and at biaxial compression by 4% (gap size of 0.018 eV). The energy gap appears in the band structure of a borophene/ZnO heterostructure at uniaxial stretching by 10% (gap size 0.063 eV) and at biaxial compression by 6% (0.012 eV). It is predicted that similar heterostructures with an emerging energy gap can be used for various nano- and optoelectronic applications, including Schottky barrier photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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22. Bibliometric Analysis of Artificial Intelligence in Textiles.
- Author
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Halepoto, Habiba, Gong, Tao, Noor, Saleha, and Memon, Hafeezullah
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,TEXTILE technology ,TECHNICAL textiles ,CHINA-United States relations ,MATERIALS science ,TEXTILES - Abstract
Generally, comprehensive documents are needed to provide the research community with relevant details of any research direction. This study conducted the first descriptive bibliometric analysis to examine the most influential journals, institutions, and countries in the field of artificial intelligence in textiles. Furthermore, bibliometric mapping analysis was also used to examine diverse research topics of artificial intelligence in textiles. VOSviewer was used to process 996 articles retrieved from Web of Science—Core Collection from 2007 to 2020. The results show that China and the United States have the largest number of publications, while Donghua University and Jiangnan University have the highest output. These three themes have also appeared in textile artificial intelligence publications and played a significant role in the textile structure, textile inspection, and textile clothing production. The authors believe that this research will unfold new research domains for researchers in computer science, electronics, material science, imaging science, and optics and will benefit academic and industrial circles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Bio-Producing Bacterial Cellulose Filaments through Co-Designing with Biological Characteristics.
- Author
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Morrow, Roberta, Ribul, Miriam, Eastmond, Heather, Lanot, Alexandra, and Baurley, Sharon
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FIBERS ,CELLULOSE ,TEXTILE design ,BIOMATERIALS ,MATERIALS science ,BIOMASS liquefaction ,CELLULOSE fibers - Abstract
The need for circular textiles has led to an interest in the production of biologically derived materials, generating new research into the bioproduction of textiles through design and interdisciplinary approaches. Bacterial cellulose has been produced directly from fermentation into sheets but not yet investigated in terms of producing filaments directly from fermentation. This leaves a wealth of material qualities unexplored. Further, by growing the material directly into filaments, production such as wet spinning are made redundant, thus reducing textile manufacturing steps. The aim of this study was to grow the bio-material, namely bacterial cellulose directly into a filament. This was achieved using a method of co-designing with the characteristics of biological materials. The method combines approaches of material-driven textile design and human-centred co-design to investigate co-designing with the characteristics of living materials for biological material production. The project is part of a wider exploration of bio-manufacturing textiles from waste. The practice-based approach brought together biological sciences and material design through a series of iterative experiments. This, in turn, resulted in designing with the inherent characteristics of bacterial cellulose, and by doing so filaments were designed to be fabricated directly from fermentation. In this investigation, creative exploration was encouraged within a biological laboratory space, showing how interdisciplinary collaboration can offer innovative alternative bioproduction routes for textile filament production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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24. Novel Smart Textiles.
- Author
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Stylios, George K.
- Subjects
ELECTROTEXTILES ,MATERIALS science ,ENGINEERING design ,DESIGN science ,RESEARCH & development - Abstract
The sensing/adapting/responding, multifunctionality, low energy, small size and weight, ease of forming, and low-cost attributes of SMART textiles and their multidisciplinary scope offer numerous end uses in medical, sports and fitness, military, fashion, automotive, aerospace, built environment, and energy industries. The research and development for these new and high-value materials crosses scientific boundaries, redefines material science design and engineering, and enhances quality of life and our environment. "Novel SMART Textiles" is a focused special issue that reports the latest research of this field and facilitates dissemination, networking, discussion, and debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas in Material Science.
- Author
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Ptasińska, Sylwia
- Subjects
MATERIALS science ,PLASMA pressure ,ATMOSPHERIC pressure ,PLASMA materials processing ,NONEQUILIBRIUM plasmas ,MICROWAVE plasmas - Abstract
This review paper also describes the evolution of the field, the changes in the needs for specific applications - particularly for energy conversion, such as photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical processes - and the development of sophisticated APP technology. In addition, the authors specified key plasma parameters and their effects, with particular attention to structural, electronic, and optical properties of the resulting films deposited by APP. The long-term goal of basic material research is to develop theoretical and experimental methodologies to advance the ability to produce materials with the desired compositions and properties that can be used in various applications. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2021
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26. A New Constitutive Model Based on Taylor Series and Partial Derivatives for Predicting High-Temperature Flow Behavior of a Nickel-Based Superalloy.
- Author
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Deng, Heping, Wang, Xiaolong, Yang, Jingyun, Gongye, Fanjiao, Li, Shishan, Peng, Shixin, Zhang, Jiansheng, Xiao, Guiqian, and Zhou, Jie
- Subjects
STANDARD deviations ,AEROSPACE materials ,STRAIN rate ,MATERIALS science ,HEAT resistant alloys - Abstract
Ni-based superalloys are widely used in aerospace applications. However, traditional constitutive equations often lack the necessary accuracy to predict their high-temperature behavior. A novel constitutive model, utilizing Taylor series expansions and partial derivatives, is proposed to predict the high-temperature flow behavior of a nickel-based superalloy. Hot compression tests were conducted at various strain rates (0.01 s
−1 , 0.1 s−1 , 1 s−1 , and 10 s−1 ) and temperatures (850 °C to 1200 °C) to gather comprehensive experimental data. The performance of the new model was evaluated against classical models, specifically the Arrhenius and Hensel–Spittel (HS) models, using metrics such as the correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), sum of squared errors (SSE), and sum of absolute errors (SAE). The key findings reveal that the new model achieves superior prediction accuracy with an R value of 0.9948 and significantly lower RMSE (22.5), SSE (16,356), and SAE (5561 MPa) compared to the Arrhenius and HS models. Additionally, the stability of the first-order partial derivative of logarithmic stress with respect to temperature ( ∂ l n σ / ∂ T ) indicates that the logarithmic stress–temperature relationship can be approximated by a linear function with minimal curvature, which is effectively described by a second-degree polynomial. Furthermore, the relationship between logarithmic stress and logarithmic strain rate ( ∂ l n σ / ∂ l n ε ˙ ) is more precisely captured using a third-degree polynomial. The accuracy of the new model provides an analytical basis for finite element simulation software. This helps better control and optimize processes, thus improving manufacturing efficiency and product quality. This study enables the optimization of high-temperature forming processes for current superalloy products, especially in aerospace engineering and materials science. It also provides a reference for future research on constitutive models and high-temperature material behavior in various industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Synthesis of a Flaky CeO 2 with Nanocrystals Used for Polishing.
- Author
-
Zhang, Yiming and Gou, Li
- Subjects
CERIUM oxides ,PRECIPITATION (Chemistry) ,MASS transfer ,SURFACE energy ,SURFACE roughness ,MATERIALS science ,NANOCRYSTALS - Abstract
It is important to adapt the morphology of CeO
2 to different applications. A novel flaky CeO2 with nanocrystals was successfully synthesized using the ordinal precipitation method and calcination. The size of the flaky CeO2 was about 10 μm, and the nanocrystals were about 100 nm. Under the action of the precipitant NH4 HCO3 , Ce3+ nucleated in large quantities. The nanosized crystals gathered into flakes driven by the surface energy. As the calcination temperature increased, the grains grew slowly by mass transfer due to the slow diffusion of reactants. By adding AlOOH to the starting material, the Al3+ doped into the CeO2 increased the content of Ce3+ in the CeO2 , which improved the chemical activity of the CeO2 . When the starting material's Al:Ce ratio was 5:1, the Ce3+ increased to 31.11% in the CeO2 , which provided good application potential in the polishing field. After polishing by the slurry of flaky CeO2 for 1 h, the SiC surface roughness reduced from 464 nm to 11 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Crystal Structure Complexity and Approximate Limits of Possible Crystal Structures Based on Symmetry-Normalized Volumes.
- Author
-
Tschauner, Oliver and Bermanec, Marko
- Subjects
CRYSTAL structure ,MATERIALS science ,CRYSTAL symmetry ,CRYSTALLINE electric field ,CHEMICAL species - Abstract
Rules that control the arrangement of chemical species within crystalline arrays of different symmetry and structural complexity are of fundamental importance in geoscience, material science, physics, and chemistry. Here, the volume of crystal phases is normalized by their ionic volume and an algebraic index that is based on their space-group and crystal site symmetries. In correlation with the number of chemical formula units Z, the normalized volumes exhibit upper and lower limits of possible structures. A bottleneck of narrowing limits occurs for Z around 80 to 100, but the field of allowed crystalline configurations widens above 100 due to a change in the slope of the lower limit. For small Z, the highest count of structures is closer to the upper limit, but at large Z, most materials assume structures close to the lower limit. In particular, for large Z, the normalized volume provides rather narrow constraints for the prediction of novel crystalline phases. In addition, an index of higher and lower complexity of crystalline phases is derived from the normalized volume and tested against key criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Dynamics of Bose–Einstein Condensates Subject to the Pöschl–Teller Potential through Numerical and Variational Solutions of the Gross–Pitaevskii Equation.
- Author
-
Pereira, Lucas Carvalho and Nascimento, Valter Aragão do
- Subjects
GROSS-Pitaevskii equations ,BOSE-Einstein condensation ,MOLECULAR physics ,ATOMIC physics ,SOLID state physics ,MATERIALS science ,OPTICAL lattices - Abstract
We present for the first time an approach about Bose–Einstein condensates made up of atoms with attractive interatomic interactions confined to the Pöschl–Teller hyperbolic potential. In this paper, we consider a Bose–Einstein condensate confined in a cigar-shaped, and it was modeled by the mean field equation known as the Gross–Pitaevskii equation. An analytical (variational method) and numerical (two-step Crank–Nicolson) approach is proposed to study the proposed model of interatomic interaction. The solutions of the one-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equation obtained in this paper confirmed, from a theoretical point of view, the possibility of the Pöschl–Teller potential to confine Bose–Einstein condensates. The chemical potential as a function of the depth of the Pöschl–Teller potential showed a behavior very similar to the cases of Bose–Einstein condensates and superfluid Fermi gases in optical lattices and optical superlattices. The results presented in this paper can open the way for several applications in atomic and molecular physics, solid state physics, condensed matter physics, and material sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Oil Heat Treatment of Wood—A Comprehensive Analysis of Physical, Chemical, and Mechanical Modifications.
- Author
-
Mandraveli, Eleni, Mitani, Andromachi, Terzopoulou, Paschalina, and Koutsianitis, Dimitrios
- Subjects
WOOD ,HEAT treatment ,MATERIALS science ,VEGETABLE oils ,PETROLEUM - Abstract
Wood, a natural material with versatile industrial applications, faces limitations such as low dimensional stability and decay resistance. To address these issues, there has been significant progress in wood modification research. Oil heat treatment has emerged as an effective method among environmentally friendly wood treatment options. Studies have indicated that treating wood with hot vegetable oils yields superior properties compared to traditional methods involving gaseous atmospheres, which is attributed to the synergistic effect of oils and heat. This comprehensive review investigates the physical, chemical, and mechanical modifications induced by the oil heat treatment of wood, along with its impact on biological durability against biotic agents. The review synthesizes recent research findings, elucidates underlying mechanisms, and discusses the implications for wood material science and engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Modeling of Magnetic Films: A Scientific Perspective.
- Author
-
Misiurev, Denis and Holcman, Vladimír
- Subjects
MAGNETIC films ,SCIENTIFIC method ,MONTE Carlo method ,MOLECULAR dynamics ,MATERIALS science - Abstract
Magnetic thin-film modeling stands as a dynamic nexus of scientific inquiry and technological advancement, poised at the vanguard of materials science exploration. Leveraging a diverse suite of computational methodologies, including Monte Carlo simulations and molecular dynamics, researchers meticulously dissect the intricate interplay governing magnetism and thin-film growth across heterogeneous substrates. Recent strides, notably in multiscale modeling and machine learning paradigms, have engendered a paradigm shift in predictive capabilities, facilitating a nuanced understanding of thin-film dynamics spanning disparate spatiotemporal regimes. This interdisciplinary synergy, complemented by avantgarde experimental modalities such as in situ microscopy, promises a tapestry of transformative advancements in magnetic materials with far-reaching implications across multifaceted domains including magnetic data storage, spintronics, and magnetic sensing technologies. The confluence of computational modeling and experimental validation heralds a new era of scientific rigor, affording unparalleled insights into the real-time dynamics of magnetic films and bolstering the fidelity of predictive models. As researchers chart an ambitiously uncharted trajectory, the burgeoning realm of magnetic thin-film modeling burgeons with promise, poised to unlock novel paradigms in materials science and engineering. Through this intricate nexus of theoretical elucidation and empirical validation, magnetic thin-film modeling heralds a future replete with innovation, catalyzing a renaissance in technological possibilities across diverse industrial landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Substrate Impact on MR Characteristics of Carbon Nano Films Explored via AFM and Raman Analysis.
- Author
-
Saleemi, Awais Siddique, Hafeez, Muhammad, Saeed, Muhammad, Abdullah, Ali, Rehman, Muhammad Anis-ur-, and Lee, Shern-Long
- Subjects
CARBON films ,THIN films ,MAGNETORESISTANCE ,LASER deposition ,MATERIALS science ,PULSED laser deposition ,MAGNETIC sensors ,SURFACES (Technology) - Abstract
Recent advances in the fabrication and classification of amorphous carbon (a-Carbon) thin films play an active part in the field of surface materials science. In this paper, a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique through controlling experimental parameters, including deposition time/temperature and laser energy/frequency, has been employed to examine the substrate effect of amorphous carbon thin film fabrication over SiO
2 and glass substrates. In this paper, we have examined the structural and magnetoresistance (MR) properties of these thin films. The intensity ratio of the G-band and D-band (ID /IG ) were 1.1 and 2.4, where the C(sp2 ) atomic ratio for the thin films samples that were prepared on glass and SiO2 substrates, were observed as 65% and 85%, respectively. The MR properties were examined under a magnetic field ranging from −9 T to 9 T within a 2-K to 40-K temperature range. A positive MR value of 15% was examined at a low temperature of 2 K for the thin films grown on SiO2 substrate at a growth temperature of 400 °C using a 300 mJ/pulse laser frequency. The structural changes may tune the magnetoresistance properties of these a-Carbon materials. These results were demonstrated to be highly promising for carbon-based spintronics and magnetic sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. An Overview on the Rheology, Mechanical Properties, Durability, 3D Printing, and Microstructural Performance of Nanomaterials in Cementitious Composites.
- Author
-
Song, Hongwei and Li, Xinle
- Subjects
THREE-dimensional printing ,MATERIALS science ,NANOSTRUCTURED materials ,RHEOLOGY ,EXPANSION & contraction of concrete ,CEMENT composites ,SELF-consolidating concrete - Abstract
The most active research area is nanotechnology in cementitious composites, which has a wide range of applications and has achieved popularity over the last three decades. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as possible materials to be used in the field of civil engineering. Previous research has concentrated on evaluating the effect of different NPs in cementitious materials to alter material characteristics. In order to provide a broad understanding of how nanomaterials (NMs) can be used, this paper critically evaluates previous research on the influence of rheology, mechanical properties, durability, 3D printing, and microstructural performance on cementitious materials. The flow properties of fresh cementitious composites can be measured using rheology and slump. Mechanical properties such as compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength reveal hardened properties. The necessary tests for determining a NM's durability in concrete are shrinkage, pore structure and porosity, and permeability. The advent of modern 3D printing technologies is suitable for structural printing, such as contour crafting and binder jetting. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has opened up new avenues for the building and construction industry to become more digital. Regardless of the material science, a range of problems must be tackled, including developing smart cementitious composites suitable for 3D structural printing. According to the scanning electron microscopy results, the addition of NMs to cementitious materials results in a denser and improved microstructure with more hydration products. This paper provides valuable information and details about the rheology, mechanical properties, durability, 3D printing, and microstructural performance of cementitious materials with NMs and encourages further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Synthesis of Nanoscale CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O and Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O Using the Hydrothermal Method and Their Characterization.
- Author
-
Jingbin Yang, Dongxu Li, and Yuan Fang
- Subjects
ALKALI metals ,HYDROTHERMAL synthesis ,NANOSTRUCTURED materials ,MICROSTRUCTURE ,MATERIALS science - Abstract
C-A-S-H (CaO-Al
2 O3 -SiO2 -H2 O) and N-A-S-H (Na2 O-Al2 O3 -SiO2 -H2 O) have a wide range of chemical compositions and structures and are difficult to separate from alkali-activated materials. Therefore, it is difficult to analyze their microscopic properties directly. This paper reports research on the synthesis of C-A-S-H and N-A-S-H particles with an average particle size smaller than 300 nm by applying the hydrothermal method. The composition and microstructure of the products with different CaO(Na2 O)/SiO2 ratios and curing conditions were characterized using XRD, the RIR method, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and laser particle size analysis. The results showed that the C-A-S-H system products with a low CaO/SiO2 ratio were mainly amorphous C-A-S-H gels. With an increase in the CaO/SiO2 ratio, an excess of Ca(OH)2 was observed at room temperature, while in a high-temperature reaction system, katoite, C4 AcH11 , and other crystallized products were observed. The katoite content was related to the curing temperature and the content of Ca(OH)2 and it tended to form at a high-temperature and high-calcium environment, and an increase in the temperature renders the C-A-S-H gels more compact. The main products of the N-A-S-H system at room temperature were amorphous N-A-S-H gels and a small amount of sodalite. An increase in the curing temperature promoted the formation of the crystalline products faujasite and zeolite-P. The crystallization products consisted of only zeolite-P in the high-temperature N-A-S-H system and its content were stable above 70%. An increase in the Na2 O/SiO2 ratio resulted in more non-bridging oxygen and the TO4 was more isolated in the N-A-S-H structure. The composition and microstructure of the C-A-S-H and N-A-S-H system products synthesized by the hydrothermal method were closely related to the ratio of the raw materials and the curing conditions. The results of this study increase our understanding of the hydration products of alkali-activated materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Scaling Effects on Materials Tribology: From Macro to Micro Scale.
- Author
-
Stoyanov, Pantcho and Chromik, Richard R.
- Subjects
NANOFILMS ,ELECTROMECHANICAL devices ,ELECTRICAL engineering ,MATERIALS science ,TRIBOLOGY - Abstract
The tribological study of materials inherently involves the interaction of surface asperities at the micro to nanoscopic length scales. This is the case for large scale engineering applications with sliding contacts, where the real area of contact is made up of small contacting asperities that make up only a fraction of the apparent area of contact. This is why researchers have sought to create idealized experiments of single asperity contacts in the field of nanotribology. At the same time, small scale engineering structures known as micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS) have been developed, where the apparent area of contact approaches the length scale of the asperities, meaning the real area of contact for these devices may be only a few asperities. This is essentially the field of microtribology, where the contact size and/or forces involved have pushed the nature of the interaction between two surfaces towards the regime where the scale of the interaction approaches that of the natural length scale of the features on the surface. This paper provides a review of microtribology with the purpose to understand how tribological processes are different at the smaller length scales compared to macrotribology. Studies of the interfacial phenomena at the macroscopic length scales (e.g., using in situ tribometry) will be discussed and correlated with new findings and methodologies at the micro-length scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Research on the Crushing Process of PELE Casing Material Based on the Crack-Softening Algorithm and Stochastic Failure Algorithm.
- Author
-
Ding, Liangliang, Zhou, Jingyuan, Tang, Wenhui, Ran, Xianwen, and Cheng, Ye
- Subjects
STOCHASTIC analysis ,TENSILE strength ,FINITE element method ,ALGORITHMS ,MATERIALS science - Abstract
In order to more realistically reflect the penetrating and crushing process of a PELE (Penetration with Enhanced Lateral Efficiency) projectile, the stochastic failure algorithm and crack-softening algorithm were added to the corresponding material in this paper. According to the theoretical analysis of the two algorithms, the material failure parameters (stochastic constant γ, fracture energy G
f , and tensile strength σT ) were determined. Then, four sets of simulation conditions ((a) no crack softening, (b) no stochastic failure, (c) no crack softening and no stochastic failure, and (d) crack softening and stochastic failure) were designed to qualitatively describe the influences of the failure algorithms, which were simulated by the finite element analysis software AUTODYN. The qualitative comparison results indicate that the simulation results after adding the two algorithms were closer to the actual situation. Finally, ten groups of simulation conditions were designed to quantitatively analyze the coincidence degree between the simulation results and the experimental results by means of two parameters: the residual velocity of the projectile and the maximum radial velocity of fragments. The results show that the simulation results coincide well with the experimental results and the errors were small. Therefore, the ideas proposed in this paper are scientific, and the conclusions obtained can provide guidance for engineering research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Case Study of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Doping by Carbon Nanotubes.
- Author
-
Kaspar, Pavel, Sobola, Dinara, Částková, Klára, Dallaev, Rashid, Šťastná, Eva, Sedlák, Petr, Knápek, Alexandr, Trčka, Tomáš, Holcman, Vladimír, and Hernadi, Klara
- Subjects
CARBON nanotubes ,POLYVINYLIDENE fluoride ,MATERIALS science ,FERROELECTRIC polymers ,PERMITTIVITY ,FIBROUS composites ,PIEZOELECTRIC thin films ,CHEMICAL stability - Abstract
Modern material science often makes use of polyvinylidene fluoride thin films because of various properties, like a high thermal and chemical stability, or a ferroelectric, pyroelectric and piezoelectric activity. Fibers of this polymer material are, on the other hand, much less explored due to various issues presented by the fibrous form. By introducing carbon nanotubes via electrospinning, it is possible to affect the chemical and electrical properties of the resulting composite. In the case of this paper, the focus was on the further improvement of interesting polyvinylidene fluoride properties by incorporating carbon nanotubes, such as changing the concentration of crystalline phases and the resulting increase of the dielectric constant and conductivity. These changes in properties have been explored by several methods that focused on a structural, chemical and electrical point of view. The resulting obtained data have been documented to create a basis for further research and to increase the overall understanding of the properties and usability of polyvinylidene fluoride fiber composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials.
- Author
-
Liu, Peijiang, Xu, Liguo, Li, Jinlei, Peng, Jianping, and Jiao, Zibao
- Subjects
NANOSTRUCTURED materials ,POLYMERS ,NANOWIRES ,MATERIALS science ,GOLD nanoparticles ,IMPRINTED polymers - Abstract
The article discusses the advanced science and technology of polymer matrix nanomaterials. These fields focus on the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanomaterials in polymer matrices. The incorporation of nanofillers into the polymer matrix improves the mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties of the materials. Various techniques have been employed to achieve uniform dispersion and strong interfacial interactions between the polymer matrix and the nanofillers. Polymer matrix nanomaterials have applications in industries such as aerospace, electronics, energy, automotive, and biomedical. Advances in characterization techniques have allowed researchers to study the structure-property relationships of these materials. The article concludes by inviting scientists to submit articles for the second edition of the Special Issue on "Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials." [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Application of a Closed-Form Model in Analyzing the Fracture of Quasi-Brittle Materials.
- Author
-
Han, Xiangyu, Li, Peng, and Liu, Jianguo
- Subjects
FRACTURE mechanics ,BRITTLE materials ,MATERIALS science ,ROCK music ,LINEAR statistical models ,ROCK deformation - Abstract
Fracture failure in quasi-brittle materials poses a persistent challenge in materials science and engineering. This study presents a thorough investigation of the Boundary Effect Model (BEM), offering a nuanced understanding of the size effect on fracture properties. The conceptual framework, evolutionary process, and applicability scope of BEM are elucidated, highlighting its accuracy and reliability in calculating fracture properties across various quasi-brittle materials. Through the integration of BEM with diverse fracture tests—such as three-point bending, four-point bending, and wedge-splitting—a linear correlation between maximum failure loads and material fracture properties is established. Notably, the study demonstrates that fracture properties, determined by BEM, can be regarded as consistent material constants across specimens of varying sizes, initial notch lengths, geometries, and microstructures. Validation of the BEM's reliability encompasses the analysis of 140 fracture test results involving concrete, hard rocks, and bamboo scrimber. The synergy of non-linear and linear BEM analyses emerges as a robust approach for accurately predicting the fracture behavior of quasi-brittle materials. This comprehensive exploration sheds light on the potential of the Boundary Effect Model as a valuable tool for predicting and understanding fracture mechanics in diverse materials and scenarios. This research serves as an effective approach to accurately evaluating the fracture properties of quasi-brittle materials, which is of great practical significance for material design, engineering construction, and various industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Synthesis of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid and Its Application in Biomedical Materials.
- Author
-
Cai, Minjian, Han, Yumin, Zheng, Xianhong, Xue, Baigong, Zhang, Xinyao, Mahmut, Zulpya, Wang, Yuda, Dong, Biao, Zhang, Chunmei, Gao, Donghui, and Sun, Jiao
- Subjects
GLUTAMIC acid ,BIOMEDICAL materials ,DRUG delivery systems ,PRODUCTION methods ,TISSUE engineering ,MATERIALS science ,BIOPOLYMERS - Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a natural polymer composed of glutamic acid monomer and it has garnered substantial attention in both the fields of material science and biomedicine. Its remarkable cell compatibility, degradability, and other advantageous characteristics have made it a vital component in the medical field. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the production methods, primary application forms, and medical applications of γ-PGA, drawing from numerous prior studies. Among the four production methods for PGA, microbial fermentation currently stands as the most widely employed. This method has seen various optimization strategies, which we summarize here. From drug delivery systems to tissue engineering and wound healing, γ-PGA's versatility and unique properties have facilitated its successful integration into diverse medical applications, underlining its potential to enhance healthcare outcomes. The objective of this review is to establish a foundational knowledge base for further research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Complex-Phase Steel Microstructure Segmentation Using UNet: Analysis across Different Magnifications and Steel Types.
- Author
-
Swain, Bishal Ranjan, Cho, Dahee, Park, Joongcheul, Roh, Jae-Seung, and Ko, Jaepil
- Subjects
STEEL ,MICROSTRUCTURE ,MATERIALS science ,IMAGE segmentation ,DATA augmentation - Abstract
The quantification of the phase fraction is critical in materials science, bridging the gap between material composition, processing techniques, microstructure, and resultant properties. Traditional methods involving manual annotation are precise but labor-intensive and prone to human inaccuracies. We propose an automated segmentation technique for high-tensile strength alloy steel, where the complexity of microstructures presents considerable challenges. Our method leverages the UNet architecture, originally developed for biomedical image segmentation, and optimizes its performance via careful hyper-parameter selection and data augmentation. We employ Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) imagery for complex-phase segmentation and utilize a combined loss function to capture both textural and structural characteristics of the microstructures. Additionally, this work is the first to examine the scalability of the model across varying magnifications and types of steel and achieves high accuracy in terms of dice scores demonstrating the adaptability and robustness of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Application of Various NDT Methods for the Evaluation of Building Steel Structures for Reuse.
- Author
-
Masanori Fujita and Tomoya Masuda
- Subjects
STRUCTURAL steel testing ,NONDESTRUCTIVE testing ,VICKERS hardness ,HARDNESS testing ,TENSILE strength ,TENSILE tests ,MATERIALS science - Abstract
The reuse system proposed by the authors is an overall business system for realizing a cyclic reuse flow through the processes of design, fabrication, construction, maintenance, demolition and storage. The reuse system is one of the methods to reduce the environmental burden in the field of building steel structures. These buildings are assumed to be demolished within approximately 30 years or more for physical, architectural, economic and social reasons in Japan. In this paper, focusing on building steel structures used for plants, warehouses and offices without fire protection, the performance of steel structural members for reuse is evaluated by a non-destructive test. First, performance evaluation procedures for a non-destructive test, such as mechanical properties, chemical compositions, dimension and degradation, are shown. Tensile strengths are estimated using Vickers hardness measured by a portable ultrasonic hardness tester, and chemical compositions are measured by a portable optical emission spectrometer. The weldability of steel structural members is estimated by carbon equivalent and weld crack sensitivity composition using chemical compositions. Finally, the material grade of structural members of the building steel structure for reuse is estimated based on the proposed procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Micro-Structure Modelling and Electrical Properties Analysis of PZT Matrix Ferroelectric Composites.
- Author
-
Zhou, Weibin, Fan, Jinbo, Xin, Zhenchao, and You, Guodong
- Subjects
DYNAMIC random access memory ,MATERIALS science ,PERMITTIVITY ,FINITE element method ,DIELECTRIC materials - Abstract
PZT matrix ferroelectric composite is an important research topic in material science because of its many practical, industrial, and scientific applications. Materials with high dielectric permittivity are used to manufacture electronic devices, particularly capacitors and dynamic random access memory (DRAM). Therefore, the development of reliable and efficient micro models to be utilized in analyzing electrical properties can be of great value in accelerating research in this field. In this paper, a 3D microstructure model for PZT matrix ferroelectric composites has been developed and adopted the finite element method (FEM) to calculate the dielectric constant. The microscopy parameters of developed microstructure model are acquired based on the real composites from X-ray (micro-) diffraction and stereological method. The dielectric constant of different volume ratios of PZT matrix ferroelectric composites can be calculated by accurately controlling the volume of Ferrite particles. At the point of validation, the proposed approach makes visual and numeric comparisons between the morphology of the real microstructure and the model generated by the proposed technique. The simulation results by our method was essentially in agreement with experimental results in other literature. Simulation Experimental results also demonstrate that the dielectric constant of PZT matrix ferroelectric composites is significantly changed while the volume ratio of high dielectric phase particles was below 20%. PZT matrix ferroelectric composites Consequently, this method can be easily extended to composites preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Correction: Zheng, N.; Wu, D.; Sun, P.; Liu, H.; Luo, B.; and Li, L., Mechanical Properties and Fire Resistance of Magnesium-Cemented Poplar Particleboard. Materials, 2019, 12, 3161.
- Author
-
Zheng, Nihua, Wu, Danni, Sun, Ping, Liu, Hongguang, Luo, Bin, and Li, Li
- Subjects
PARTICLE board ,POPLARS ,MATERIALS science ,MATERIALS - Abstract
Correction: Zheng, N.; Wu, D.; Sun, P.; Liu, H.; Luo, B.; and Li, L., Mechanical Properties and Fire Resistance of Magnesium-Cemented Poplar Particleboard. The authors wish to revise the affiliation, due to the errors regarding affiliation in this published paper [[1]]. 1 Zheng N., Wu D., Sun P., Liu H., Luo B., Li L. Mechanical Properties and Fire Resistance of Magnesium-Cemented Poplar Particleboard. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. TiO2–SrTiO3 Biphase Nanoceramics as Advanced Thermoelectric Materials.
- Author
-
Zavjalov, Alexey, Tikhonov, Sergey, and Kosyanov, Denis
- Subjects
TWO-dimensional electron gas ,THERMOELECTRIC materials ,CERAMIC materials ,MATERIALS science ,THIN films ,CRYSTAL grain boundaries - Abstract
The review embraces a number of research papers concerning the fabrication of oxide thermoelectric systems, with TiO
2 −SrTiO3 biphase ceramics being emphasized. The ceramics is particularly known for a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) forming spontaneously on the TiO2 /SrTiO3 heterointerface (modulation doping), unlike ordinary 2DEG occurrence on specially fabricated thin film. Such effect is provided by the SrTiO3 conduction band edge being 0.40 and 0.20 eV higher than that for anatase and rutile TiO2 , respectively. That is why, in the case of a checkered arrangement of TiO2 and SrTiO3 grains, the united 2D net is probably formed along the grain boundaries with 2DEG occurring there. To reach such conditions, there should be applied novelties in the field of ceramics materials science, because it is important to obtain highly dense material preserving small (nanoscale) grain size and thin interface boundary. The review also discusses some aspects of reactive spark plasma sintering as a promising method of preparing perovskite-oxide TiO2 −SrTiO3 thermoelectric materials for high-temperature applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. New Materials and Technologies for Wastewater Treatment.
- Author
-
Limousy, Lionel, Thiebault, Thomas, and Brendle, Jocelyne
- Subjects
WASTEWATER treatment ,MATERIALS science ,GRANULATION ,IMPRINTED polymers ,CHEMICAL processes ,CHEMICAL engineering ,WATER purification - Abstract
This is the main objective of the manuscript by Gubernat et al., in which the adsorption properties (mostly adsorption capacity) of 25 types of adsorbents were reviewed, from raw geosorbent as bentonites, to waste adsorbent [[3]]. Yet, in order to optimize this adsorption/precipitation process for the phosphorus removal, alternative adsorbents may be considered. The main findings of their study were that for natural adsorbents, the higher adsorption capacities were observed for carbonate derived sorbents (i.e., marble, opoka) and that a calcination strongly increased the adsorption capacity through calcium carbonate decomposition. The adsorption of MB (Methylene Blue), a dye, onto the adsorbent was further evaluated following different variables (i.e., time, pH, adsorbent dose) and classical adsorption models were applied. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. A Critical Analysis of the Conventionally Employed Creep Lifing Methods.
- Author
-
Abdallah, Zakaria, Gray, Veronica, Whittaker, Mark, and Perkins, Karen
- Subjects
CREEP (Materials) ,DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) ,STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) ,MATERIALS science ,POWER plants ,ELECTRIC utilities - Abstract
The deformation of structural alloys presents problems for power plants and aerospace applications due to the demand for elevated temperatures for higher efficiencies and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The materials used in such applications experience harsh environments which may lead to deformation and failure of critical components. To avoid such catastrophic failures and also increase efficiency, future designs must utilise novel/improved alloy systems with enhanced temperature capability. In recognising this issue, a detailed understanding of creep is essential for the success of these designs by ensuring components do not experience excessive deformation which may ultimately lead to failure. To achieve this, a variety of parametric methods have been developed to quantify creep and creep fracture in high temperature applications. This study reviews a number of well-known traditionally employed creep lifing methods with some more recent approaches also included. The first section of this paper focuses on predicting the long-term creep rupture properties which is an area of interest for the power generation sector. The second section looks at pre-defined strains and the re-production of full creep curves based on available data which is pertinent to the aerospace industry where components are replaced before failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Smart Materials Prediction: Applying Machine Learning to Lithium Solid-State Electrolyte.
- Author
-
Hu, Qianyu, Chen, Kunfeng, Liu, Fei, Zhao, Mengying, Liang, Feng, and Xue, Dongfeng
- Subjects
SOLID electrolytes ,SMART materials ,MACHINE learning ,MATERIALS science ,MANUFACTURING processes - Abstract
Traditionally, the discovery of new materials has often depended on scholars' computational and experimental experience. The traditional trial-and-error methods require many resources and computing time. Due to new materials' properties becoming more complex, it is difficult to predict and identify new materials only by general knowledge and experience. Material prediction tools based on machine learning (ML) have been successfully applied to various materials fields; they are beneficial for modeling and accelerating the prediction process for materials that cannot be accurately predicted. However, the obstacles of disciplinary span led to many scholars in materials not having complete knowledge of data-driven materials science methods. This paper provides an overview of the general process of ML applied to materials prediction and uses solid-state electrolytes (SSE) as an example. Recent approaches and specific applications to ML in the materials field and the requirements for building ML models for predicting lithium SSE are reviewed. Finally, some current obstacles to applying ML in materials prediction and prospects are described with the expectation that more materials scholars will be aware of the application of ML in materials prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Inverse Determination of Johnson–Cook Parameters of Additively Produced Anisotropic Maraging Steel.
- Author
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Eisseler, Rocco, Gutsche, Daniel, Maucher, Clemens, and Möhring, Hans-Christian
- Subjects
MARAGING steel ,MATERIALS science ,CUTTING force ,MECHANICAL properties of condensed matter ,TENSILE strength ,METAL cutting - Abstract
In powder bed-based additive manufacturing (AM), complex geometries can be produced in a layer-wise approach. Results of material science experiments regarding material property identification, e.g., tensile strength, show interdependencies between the test load direction and the layer orientation. This goes hand-in-hand with the measured cutting force, changing with the relative angle between cutting direction and layer orientation in orthogonal cutting tests. However, due to the specific process characteristics, the layer orientation results in anisotropic material properties. Therefore, during machining, the material behaves depending on the buildup direction, which influences the cutting process. To predict this behavior, a simplified inverse approach is developed to determine the buildup direction-dependent parameters of a modified Johnson–Cook model for cutting simulation. To qualify these cutting models, mainly the cutting force and additionally the chip formation examined during orthogonal cuts are used. In the present paper, the influence of the laser-powder-bed-fusion (LPBF) process parameters on subtractive post-processing are shown. A good agreement between verification experiments and simulations is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Sustainable Photocatalyst Material for Pollutants Removal. State-of-the Art, Preliminary Tests and Application Perspectives.
- Author
-
Cecconet, Daniele, Sturini, Michela, Malavasi, Lorenzo, and Capodaglio, Andrea G.
- Subjects
POLLUTANTS ,MATERIALS science ,RADIATION sources ,SEMICONDUCTOR materials ,NITRIDES ,VISIBLE spectra - Abstract
Photocatalysis is an attractive strategy for emerging pollutants remediation. Research towards the development of new, efficient and effective catalytic materials with high activity under wide irradiation spectra is a highly active sector in material science. Various semiconductor materials have been employed as photocatalysts, including TiO
2 , SrTiO3 , CdS, BiVO4 , Ta3 N5 , TaON, Ag3 PO4 , and g-C3 N4 . The latter is a metal-free, low cost polymer, providing high adsorption and catalytic properties, shown to be promising for photocatalysis applications under visible light. Furthermore, g-C3 N4 composites are among the most promising advanced photocatalytical materials that can be produced by green synthesis processes. In this paper, the state-of-the-art of g-C3 N4 applications is reviewed, and application perspectives are discussed. Photocatalysis tests with g-C3 N4 under Xenon irradiation were performed to gather first-hand information to improve photoreactor design. Xenon light spectrum appears to be a suitable radiation source to replace direct sunlight in engineered pollutants removal processes catalyzed by g-C3 N4 , in lieu of other currently used heterogeneous photocatalysis processes (e.g., TiO2 -UV). LED sources are also very promising due to higher energy efficiency and customizable, catalyzer-specific irradiation spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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