Search

Résumé La traduction française du DSM-5 sera publiée (Elsevier) en juin 2015. Cette communication résume l’historique des traductions françaises des DSM depuis le DSM-III en 1980. Nous sommes restés fidèles aux principes antérieurement retenus, à savoir traduire plutôt qu’adapter et respecter – sauf exceptions – le style de la version originale, avec ses répétitions systématiques. De nombreux exemples sont donnés des choix que nous avons effectués. La seconde partie concerne l’utilisation des quelque 65 outils psychométriques recommandés par les auteurs, en libre accès gratuit sur Internet, pour la plupart non traduits et non validés, pour lesquels les règles méthodologiques d’adaptation et de validation ne pourront pas être respectées. The French translation of DSM-5 will be published by Elsevier Masson in June 2015. This paper summarizes the historical background of the French translations of DSM since 1980 (DSM-III). The translation team has remained true to the principles of previous translations, namely choosing scientific accuracy rather than literary adaptation, and respecting the unique style of the Handbook, with its systematic repetition of phrases and expressions referring to diagnoses. There were very few real problems of translation. Some terms, however, have been the subject of various translation proposals. Other terms have been translated differently depending on context, reflecting the fact that most English and French words are polysemic rather than univocal. Many examples are given of the choices we have made. The second part of the paper is about the emerging measures recommended in DSM-5 section III. These tools (more than 65 questionnaires, inventories or rating scales) can be accessed freely online. Their use is recommended to “enhance the clinical decision-making process, with level 1 cross-cutting self/informant related measures that serves as a review of systems across mental disorders, and level two disorder-specific severity measures”. Most of these assessment measures are not validated in French. The methodology for validating translated inventories or rating scales has been well known since the early sixties. And International guidelines have been recently published in this field. These validation studies are long, difficult and costly. They implicate a tremendous amount of work that will not be achieved for the tools recommended in the DSM-5. The Manual makes no reference to these problems. The validity in uncontrolled conditions of psychometric tools posted on the Internet has to be studied. The equivalence of administering an online version of rating scales or personality tests was assessed in several papers with contradictory results. These results need to be confirmed in the general population and in representative clinical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Connu internationalement pour sa découverte des neuroleptiques, Jean Delay (1907–1987) a aussi consacré une partie importante de ses travaux à la mémoire. Sa thèse de médecine sur les astéréognosies, où il a étudié les troubles de la reconnaissance par le toucher, est prolongée quelques années plus tard par sa thèse de philosophie, sous la direction de Pierre Janet, sur les dissolutions de la mémoire. Dans cette thèse, il propose une distinction entre les amnésies neurologiques et psychiatriques, en s’appuyant sur le concept de mémoire sociale forgé par Maurice Halbwachs. Cette question de la mémoire connaît un nouveau développement dans son œuvre littéraire avec la publication des quatre tomes d’ Avant mémoire . Dans ces ouvrages de sociobiographie, Jean Delay met en récit la vie de ses ancêtres maternels du Paris des Valois à celui de Napoléon III, en exhumant des documents d’archives et des actes notariés. Cette œuvre a été mise en parallèle avec celle de Marguerite Yourcenar dont Jean Delay fut le parrain silencieux à l’Académie française. Le cheminement personnel et psychologique de Jean Delay apparaît en filigrane au long de cet article. Known worldwide as the discover of neuroleptics, Jean Delay (1907–1987) dedicaded an important part of his work to memory. First his medical thesis entitled astereognosies is focused on the touch disorders. This work has been followed by a thesis of philosophy under the leadership of Pierre Janet, about memory disorders. Jean Delay proposed a classification of neurological and psychiatric memory disorders taking heed to Maurice Halbwachs’ work on collective memory. And the end of his life, as a writer, Jean Delay led an ambitious project. Thanks to his researches in French national Archives, he published in four volumes the history of his maternal ancestors from XVIth to XIXth century. This work has several connections with two of Marguerite Yourcenar's books: Dear Departed: A Memoir and How Many Years: A Memoir. Jean Delay supported the election of Marguerite Yourcenar at L’Académie française, the first woman to be elected at the prestigious French institution. Psychological traits of Jean Delay are also drawn in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé L’apprentissage de la psychiatrie pour l’étudiant en médecine est l’occasion d’appréhender le patient en tant qu’individu réagissant à sa maladie en fonction de son histoire personnelle, ses antécédents, ses traits de personnalité et son contexte socio-culturel. Pourtant les notions de psychopathologie qui pourront lui être transmises lui paraissent bien souvent inaccessibles et inutilisables. La psychologie de la santé permettrait au contraire de fournir à l’étudiant en médecine un socle de connaissances psychologiques facilement transférables dans le reste du champ médical. Cet article propose une base de connaissances minimales en psychologie de la santé. Les représentations de la maladie, déterminantes majeures de la mise en place de stratégies d’ajustement à la maladie et de comportements de santé, seront présentées dans une première partie, pour ensuite détailler dans une deuxième partie les mécanismes de mise en place de ces stratégies et comportements. Une fiche synthétique regroupant l’ensemble des concepts développés sera proposée. When a medical student is learning psychiatric, he has the opportunity to understand the patient as an individual that reacts to his illness according to his personal history, backgrounds, personality traits and socio-cultural context. Yet, the concepts of psychopathology that can be transmitted to him seem often unreachable and unusable to him. Health psychology would instead provide the medical student with an easily psychological knowledge base transferable in the rest of the medical field. This paper proposes a minimal knowledge of health psychology. In the first part, the representations of the disease, the major determinants of the development of health behaviors and coping strategies to illness, will be presented. In the second part, the mechanisms of implementation of these strategies and behaviors will be presented. A synthetic support card containing all the proposed concepts will be proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: Telemedicine grows differently among the different specialties. Tele-psychiatry, one of the earliest applications of telemedicine, is struggling to find its full place in patient care, and is often seen only as a geographical distances stopgap. The main objective of this paper is to summarize the stakes of this new practice and to put some answers to the question of its place in our current practices. Materials and methods: Literature review focused on patient satisfaction and comparison with the practice of face-to-face. Review of international recommendations on the practice of tele-psychiatry. Reminder of its ethical, professional and legal framework in France. Results: The use of video-consultation appears to improve access to care, may serve to promote patient education, to avoid unnecessary travel to the patient or therapist. Patient satisfaction appears identical to the face-to-face practice. Conclusions: Tele-psychiatry, used and disclosed appropriately, can greatly contribute to improve care in numerous fields: consultation-liaison psychiatry, accessibility to overspecialised consultations, continuing education of physicians. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper''s main goal is to present the European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees. This organization, which gathers 28 European countries, continues to expand its borders and increase its skills. We will also talk about the latest news about EFPT through the presentation of its 19th annual Forum held in Prague in June 2011. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The concepts of remission and recovery applied to schizophrenia refer to different processes of the positive evolution of the trouble: A psychiatric one and the other one more psychological. In this paper, we aim to better understand and characterize the links between these two continuums of evolution. Our qualitative study is based on the narratives of two subjects suffering from schizophrenia, presenting different clinical profiles according to the criteria of the symptomatic and functional remission. We recorded with the consent of both subjects a semi-structured interview built around three topics: The history of the disease, the lived-experience of the disease and the projection onto the future. Considering the recovery process, our results highlight a different attitude toward the disease between the two patients. The psychological evolution appears relatively independent of the psychiatric criterion of the symptomatic remission. Taking into consideration our qualitative analysis, the recognition of the disease and the integration of its lived-experience to the personality can be conceived as stages of the process of the “recovery of the self” (Davidson, 2008). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this comparative paper, the author has studied similarities and differences between the personalities and works of two of Roussillon''s sons: Valentin Magnan and Henri Ey who dominated French psychiatry and whose influence was international during 19th and 20th centuries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The recent evolution of the public health system has led to a drastic decrease in the capacity of public psychiatric hospitals to receive patients. As patients can benefit from new drugs with better efficacy and higher safety, it has become possible for those who once were banished from the general population because of their symptoms, to live and to be accepted again in the city. But at the same time, the stress of social rehabilitation, precariousness of shelter and drug abuse behaviour contribute to constant relapses. Remission periods become shorter. Consequently the psychiatrists attend to a new phenomenon: A great number of patients are hospitalised for short periods, and return back to the hospital a few days after their exit. This phenomenon is called the revolving door syndrome. Our intervention aims to describe it and all its components and to estimate its reality in 2006. This paper is the result of a team work and the same crue as been working ten years ago on this subject, concerning the same topics. Inpatients with mental disease have specific and complex needs concerning their health but also concerning their material conditions for survival. The paradox is that solutions do exist and follow up is systematically proposed. However hospitalization seems to be the only solution that some patients can accept. Thus, the main question seems to be relative to the methods of follow-up. The patients do not always find the social and occupational support that the hospital provides. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper''s main goal is to present the European Federation for all psychiatric Trainees. This organization is now twelve years old, and links psychiatric trainees from over twenty countries across Europe, whose delegates meet once a year at the annual forum. It represents over 12000 trainees. Through a description of the EFPT''s twelfth forum, we will introduce its main goals and means, as well as the achievements it has made so far. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Three stages (with quite different characteristics) can be distinguished in Spanish psychopathology throughout the 20th Century: 1) From the beginning of the Century to the Civil War (1900-1939). 2) Franco’s period (1939-1975). 3) The democratic stage (the last quarter of the Century). Spanish psychiatrists before the XXth Century were basically under the influence of French theories. These were replaced by the hegemony of German psychiatry that was also replaced, in the last decades, by Anglo-Saxon influence. Spanish psychopathologists have not been very original, but some of them (Sanchi´s Banu´s, Lo´pez Ibor, Llopis, Valenciano, or Castilla del Pino) reached personal theoretical contributions that deserve to be remembered. This paper studies the main influences that Spanish psychopathology has received, from neurohistology and German descriptive psychopathology, through psychoanalysis, phenomenology and existential analysis, to anti-psychiatry, biological psychiatry and current atheoretical quantitative psychiatry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The following paper aims at finding and analyzing the objective conditions and the subjective processes which lead people to choose studying psychiatry. The authors have used the testimonies of 29 French psychiatrists who had been invited by the review Psychiatrie Internationale and who had been asked the question: “Why have you chosen to study psychiatry?” These texts were compiled and published in 1993 and have undergone content analysis. The results show that in order to explain this choice of studies, it is necessary to consider objective factors (social background, level of achievement during internship, etc.), contingent elements (encounters with professors and/or patients), and more subjective processes which make the choice of this medical specialization an answer to each person''s problems. Furthermore, the specificities of this original corpus show the importance of socio-historical conditions under which the choice of studies is done and invite us to reconsider the issue through the current context. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Résumé L’auteur péruvien de cette communication, membre associé international de la Société médico-psychologique, nous fait découvrir un médecin français qui, après avoir commencé à exercer dans notre pays à la fin de l’Empire, est parti pour l’Amérique du Sud où, au cours de voyages dans plusieurs des pays qui luttaient pour leur indépendance, il a fait découvrir aux médecins qui y exerçaient les nouveautés qui étaient apparues dans notre pays au début du xix e siècle, en médecine et notamment en médecine mentale. Après son retour en France, il a publié à Paris des ouvrages sur les cultures qu’il avait connues en Amérique du Sud et aussi en Afrique du Nord où il a aussi voyagé. The Peruvian author of this communication is a member as a foreigner of the SMP. He is presenting us a French doctor who exercised in our country at the end of the Empire era, and then left for South America. During his voyage in several of it's countries, where people were fighting for their independence, he showed local doctors the advances of medicine in the early xix th century in different fields such as mental illnesses. After he came back to France, he published in Paris several papers on the different cultures he discovered in South America as well as in North Africa where he had also travelled to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]