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The paper examines the development of self-concept across multiple domains using Slovenian late childhood and early adolescence samples in longitudinal design. In the preset study we analyzed (i) the developmental paths of specific domains of self-concept; (ii) sex related differences in the development specific domains of self; (iii) stability of self-concept in different age groups, and (iv) the level of self-concept differentiation in Slovenia. We used The Self-Concept Questionnaire (Musitu et al. 2012 (See CR20)) that measures four self-concept domains: social self, family self, academic self and emotional self in a late childhood sample (9 year olds; N = 41) and in an early adolescent sample (14 year olds; N = 36) in 5 time point (3 to 6 months apart). In Slovenia children are in the same school, called basic school, from age of 6 until age of 15 which provides a good setting to observe developmental changes in a stable environment (without transition). The results show significant decrease in emotional self-concept in two year time in late childhood sample and significant increase of general self-concept, social self-concept and family self-concept in early adolescent's sample. The stability and the level of differentiation were comparable in both age groups. Sex did not have significant effect on self-concept domains development in two year time., Author(s): Ana Kozina [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.457236.1, 0000 0004 0622 0813, Educational Research Institute, , Gerbiceva 62, Ljubljana, SI, Slovenia Self-concept is typically seen as cognitive representation of the [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.01.037 Byline: Hayley A. Hamilton (a)(b), Samuel Noh (a)(b), Edward M. Adlaf (a)(b)(c) Abstract: This study examines the relationship between adolescent perception of family financial status and diverse aspects of health and maladjustment. Data were derived from the 2005 Ontario Student Drug Use Survey of 7th-12th grade students in ontario, Canada. This biennial survey monitors mental and physical health, substance use, and delinquent behavior in adolescent students. Results indicate that the significance of perceived financial status varies across adolescent outcomes. Greater emotional distress and lower self-rated health are associated with a perception of below average financial status. The associations of illicit drug use and hazardous and harmful drinking with perceived financial status vary for younger and older adolescents. Adjustments for parental education highlight differences in the influences of perceived financial status and parental education on health and behavior. Results highlight the utility of perceived family financial status in examinations of adolescent health and behavior, and the importance of examining diverse aspects of health and maladjustment. Author Affiliation: (a) Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (b) Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (c) Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Article Note: (footnote) [star] An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2008 annual meeting of the American Sociological Association.

An earlier draft of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology in Chicago, Illinois, November 1996. The data for this study come from [...]

* An earlier draft of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology in Chicago, Illinois, November 1996. The data for this study come [...]

Puberty marks a time of significant transition in the life of a boy as he progresses toward adulthood--and a time of confusion and concern. Many questions are likely thought or asked by the boy as he approaches and lives with puberty. Sex education is taught formally and informally, in the home, on the schoolyard, in the media. Over the twentieth and into the twenty-first century, publishers have produced numerous books about puberty and its experience for young readers. In this article, I consider a specific debate that unfolds in these books, namely, circumcision. To these ends, I define the circumcision debate, briefly consider the genre of puberty books, and analyze the circumcision debate in these books. While these books recognize a circumcision debate, they ultimately frame the circumcised penis or intact penis as equally viable and normal. Keywords: body, circumcision, foreskin, masculinity, puberty, Warning: This article includes images of the circumcised and intact penis taken from puberty books. The Circumcision Debate Debates and questions over circumcision are not new, and in many ways [...]

Objective [beta]2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) agonists mainly participate in regulation of airway function through the ADRB2-G protein-adenylyl cyclase (AC) signaling pathway; however, the key genes associated with this pathway and the spatiotemporal changes in the expression spectrum of some of their subtypes remain unclear, resulting in an insufficient theoretical basis for formulating the dose and method of drug administration for neonates. Methods We performed sampling at different developmental time points in rhesus monkeys, including the embryo stage, neonatal stage, and adolescence. The MiSeq platform was used for sequencing of key genes and some of their subtypes in the ADRB2 signaling pathway in lung tissues, and target gene expression was normalized and calculated according to reads per kilobase million. Results At different lung-developmental stages, we observed expression of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), ADRB2, AC, AKAP and EPAC subtypes (except AC8, AKAP4/5), and various phosphodiesterase (PDE) subtypes (PDE3, PDE4, PDE7, and PDE8), with persistently high expression of AC6, PDE4B, and AKAP(1/2/8/9/12/13, and EZR) maintained throughout the lung-developmental process, PNMT, ADRB2, AC(4/6), PDE4B, and AKAP(1/2/8/9/12/13, EZR, and MAP2)were highly expressed at the neonatal stage. Conclusion During normal lung development in rhesus monkeys, key genes associated with ADRB2-G protein-AC signaling and some of their subtypes are almost all expressed at the neonatal stage, suggesting that this signaling pathway plays a role in this developmental stage. Additionally, AC6, PDE4B, and AKAP(1/2/8/9/12/13, and EZR) showed persistently high expression during the entire lung-developmental process, which provides a reference for the development and utilization of key gene subtypes in this pathway., Author(s): Zhongmei Zheng [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.6], Bangrong Cao [sup.3], Yu Hu [sup.4], Liang Xie [sup.5] [sup.6], Ling Gu [sup.5] [sup.6], Fang Shi [sup.5] [sup.6], Hanmin Liu [sup.1] [sup.5] [sup.6] Author [...]

In this essay, I examine the representation of the father/daughter relationship in Alison Bechdel's Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic, and I propose that via its intertextual references to Marcel Proust's [...]

Background The fetal brain starts developing early and animal studies have suggested that iron plays several roles for the development, but results from epidemiological studies investigating associations between gestational iron and offspring neurodevelopment are inconsistent. Objective To systematically examine results from observational studies and RCTs on gestational iron and offspring neurodevelopment, with focus on the importance of four domains: iron status indicators, exposure timing, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and offspring age. Methods PRISMA guidelines were followed. Embase, PsychInfo, Scopus, and The Cochrane library were searched in September 2017 and February 2018. Overall, 3307 articles were identified and 108 retrieved for full-text assessment. Pre-specified eligibility criteria were used to select studies and 27 articles were included;19 observational and 8 RCTs. Results Iron status in pregnancy was associated with offspring behavior, cognition, and academic achievement. The direction of associations with behavioral outcomes were unclear and the conclusions related to cognition and academic achievement were based on few studies, only. Little evidence was found for associations with motor development. Observed associations were shown to persist beyond infancy into adolescence, and results depended on iron status indicator type but not on the timing of exposure. Conclusion We conclude that there is some evidence that low pregnancy iron, possibly particularly in the 3rd trimester, may be associated with adverse offspring neurodevelopment. As most previous research used Hemoglobin, inferring results to iron deficiency should be done with caution. No conclusions could be reached regarding associations beyond early childhood, and supplementation with iron during pregnancy did not seem to influence offspring neurodevelopment., Author(s): Janet Janbek [sup.1] [sup.2], Mahesh Sarki [sup.1], Ina O. Specht [sup.1], Berit L. Heitmann [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) The Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute, [...]

L'?tude ?value les liens entre l'implication scolaire des parents d'enfants ayant pr?sent? des probl?mes de comportement ext?rioris?s au primaire (PCE) et l'adaptation de ces jeunes ? l'adolescence. Les parents et les enseignants ont rempli des questionnaires sur l'adaptation comportementale, scolaire et sociale de 383 adolescents (43,9 % de filles). Les enseignants ont aussi mesur? l'implication des parents ? l'adolescence. Les r?sultats des r?gressions hi?rarchiques montrent que l'implication des parents est li?e ? une meilleure adaptation comportementale, sociale et scolaire, et ce, particuli?rement pour les filles. Cette ?tude montre la pertinence de favoriser, ? l'adolescence, l'implication scolaire des parents d'enfants pr?sentant des PCE. Mots-cl?s : implication scolaire des parents, probl?mes de comportement ext?rioris?s, adaptation, adolescence, diff?rences de sexe This study examines the relationship between parental involvement in schooling of children who presented initially with externalized behavioural problems (EBP) and their adjustment in adolescence. Parents and teachers completed questionnaires on the behavioural, social, and academic adjustment of 383 adolescents (43.9 % girls). Teachers also measured parental involvement in adolescence. The results of the hierarchical regressions demonstrated that parental involvement was linked with better behavioural, academic and social adjustment of youth, particularity among girls. This study demonstrates the relevance to of fostering the involvement in school of parents of children presenting EBP during adolescence. Keywords: parental school involvement, externalized behavioural problems, adaptation, adolescence, sex differences, Remerciements Cette ?tude a ?t? rendue possible gr?ce au soutien financier des Instituts de recherche en sant? du Canada (#82694), du Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada (#435-2012-0803 [...]

Haematopoietic stem cells drive blood production, but their population size and lifetime dynamics have not been quantified directly in humans. Here we identified 129,582 spontaneous, genome-wide somatic mutations in 140 single-cell-derived haematopoietic stem and progenitor colonies from a healthy 59-year-old man and applied population-genetics approaches to reconstruct clonal dynamics. Cell divisions from early embryogenesis were evident in the phylogenetic tree; all blood cells were derived from a common ancestor that preceded gastrulation. The size of the stem cell population grew steadily in early life, reaching a stable plateau by adolescence. We estimate the numbers of haematopoietic stem cells that are actively making white blood cells at any one time to be in the range of 50,000-200,000. We observed adult haematopoietic stem cell clones that generate multilineage outputs, including granulocytes and B lymphocytes. Harnessing naturally occurring mutations to report the clonal architecture of an organ enables the high-resolution reconstruction of somatic cell dynamics in humans.Analysis of blood from a healthy human show that haematopoietic stem cells increase rapidly in numbers through early life, reaching a stable plateau in adulthood, and contribute to myeloid and B lymphocyte populations throughout life., Author(s): Henry Lee-Six [sup.1] , Nina Friesgaard Øbro [sup.2] , Mairi S. Shepherd [sup.2] , Sebastian Grossmann [sup.1] , Kevin Dawson [sup.1] , Miriam Belmonte [sup.2] , Robert J. Osborne [...]