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The National Health Family Survey (NFHS) is one of the largest cross-sectional surveys in the world and plays a very important role in seeing the health sector's growth in India. Its comprehensiveness in data points serves as a baseline for policymakers to amend or continue the health policy at the national and state levels. It is also imperative to look up the survey's major findings and compare the same with the previous survey finding to obtain a trend (positive/negative) of the placed data indicators. In writing this information, we aim to provide a researched paper to undergraduates and postgraduates in medical education to identify the trends or gap pockets in NFHS-4 and NFHS-5. These findings might help them as an educational piece of work and further research evidence in their local community. Also, the present work is the compilation of demographic characteristics and major health indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer is often detected much later to its onset, resulting in poor prognosis. This makes cancer the second most common cause of death globally. Looking for cancers much before any symptoms occur is termed "cancer screening" and is a powerful strategy for prevention, early diagnosis, and better management of several cancers. This paper examines the status of cancer screening in India from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 report for the period of 2019–2021. Methods: Secondary data on participation in screening for cervical, breast, and oral cancer were extracted from the NFHS-5 report. Participation status for all the above cancer types is represented as percentages and compared across 28 states and eight union territories in India. Results: The percentages of women who have ever undergone cervical, breast, and oral cavity screening were 1.9%, 0.9%, and 0.9%, respectively. About 1.2% of men participated in oral cavity screening. The highest percentage of cervical and breast cancer screening participation was reported in Tamil Nadu (9.8% and 5.6%, respectively), followed by Puducherry (7.4% and 4.2%) and Mizoram (6.9% and 2.7%). Andaman and Nicobar Islands reported the highest oral cancer screening among women (10.1%) while Andhra Pradesh (6.3%) reported the highest participation among men. Conclusion: Cancer screening participation in India is extremely inadequate and calls for the immediate attention of national and state governments. Additional efforts are warranted to improve public awareness of cancer screening, and appropriate measures should be implemented to conduct well-organized screening programs across the country to ensure maximum participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]