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This volume contains two-page abstracts of the 698 papers presented at the “16th European Conference of Fracture,” (ECF16) held in Alexandroupolis, Greece, July 3-7, 2006. The accompanying CD attached at the back cover of the book contains the full length papers. The abstracts of the fifteen plenary lectures are included in the beginning of the book. The remaining 683 abstracts are arranged in 25 tracks and 35 special symposia/sessions with 303 and 380 abstracts, respectively. The papers of the tracks have been contributed from open call, while the papers of the symposia/sessions have been solicited by the respective organizers. Both tracks and symposia/sessions fall into two categories, namely, fracture of nanomaterials and structures and engineering materials and structures with 88 and 595 papers, respectively. Started in 1976, the European Conference of Fracture (ECF) takes place every two years in a European country. Its scope is to promote world-wide cooperation among scientists and engineers concerned with fracture and fatigue of solids. ECF16 was under the auspices of the European Structural Integrity Society (ESIS) and was sponsored by the American Society of Testing and Materials, the British Society for Stain Measurement, the Society of Experimental Mechanics, the Italian Society for Experimental Mechanics, and the Japanese Society of Mechanical Engineers. ECF16 focused in all aspects of structural integrity with the objective of improving the safety and performance of engineering structures, components, systems and their associated materials.

This book contains fifteen papers based on the presentations made at the symposium on'Inelasticity and Micromechanics of Metal Matrix Composites'held at the University of Washington, USA, in mid-1994. The papers represent the most recent work conducted on inelasticity and micromechanics of metal matrix composites. The book is divided into two parts: Part I deals with the study of inelastic deformation in metal matrix composites, while Part II tackles the micromechanical aspects of metal matrix composites. The articles discuss different aspects of these two topics ranging from purely theoretical treatments to extensive experimental investigations. Many of the papers are by prominent researchers working in this area.

This book is the first organized collection of some results that have been obtained by the authors, their collaborators, and other researchers in the variational approach to structured deformations. It sets the basis and makes more accessible the theoretical apparatus for assigning an energy to a structured deformation, thereby providing motivation to researchers in applied mathematics, continuum mechanics, engineering, and materials science to study the deformation of a solid body without committing at the outset to a specific mechanical theory. Researchers will benefit from an approach in which elastic, plastic, and fracture phenomena can be treated in a unified way.​The book is intended for an audience acquainted with measure theory, the theory of functions of bounded variation, and continuum mechanics. Any students in their last years of undergraduate studies, graduate students, and researchers with a background in applied mathematics, thecalculus of variations, and continuum mechanics will have the prerequisite to read this book.

Conventional books on the mechanics of materials treat elastic deformations of solids through one-dimensional models for the extension of rods, torsion of shafts and bending of beams. In functional materials, mechanical, thermal, electric and magnetic fields interact among themselves, and therefore, need a more comprehensive model.This book presents a systematic treatment of the three-dimensional theories for these coupled phenomena and the corresponding one-dimensional models for extension, torsion and bending. This book adopts a mixed approach by devoting the first half of the book to the development of the three-dimensional theories of elastic, thermal, electric and magnetic fields as well as their interactions in dielectrics, conductors and semiconductors. The remainder of the book presents the one-dimensional models for extension, torsion and bending systematically.Related Link(s)

This book presents an introduction to material theory and, in particular, to elasticity, plasticity and viscoelasticity, to bring the reader close to the frontiers of today's knowledge in these particular fields. It starts right from the beginning without assuming much knowledge of the subject. Hence, the book is generally comprehensible to all engineers, physicists, mathematicians, and others. At the beginning of each new section, a brief Comment on the Literature contains recommendations for further reading.This book includes an updated reference list and over 100 changes throughout the book. It contains the latest knowledge on the subject.Two new chapters have been added in this new edition. Now finite viscoelasticity is included, and an Essay on gradient materials, which have recently drawn much attention.

Um die Möglichkeiten der Rheologie in der industriellen Praxis zielgerichtet einsetzen zu können, ist ein fundiertes theoretisches Grundwissen, aber auch ein praxisorientiertes Verständnis für Versuche zur Materialcharakterisierung erforderlich. Genau dort setzt das Standardwerk von Thomas Mezger nun bereits in der fünften Auflage an: Die neue, überarbeitete Auflage wurde um zahlreiche Beispieleaus der Praxis ergänzt und bringt sowohl Anfängern als auch fortgeschrittenen Anwendern eine Vielzahl an praktischen Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Rheologie näher. Eine aktualisierte Übersicht relevanter Normen sowie ein neues Kapitel zur Pulver-Rheologie runden das verständliche Lehrbuch ab.

This book presents an in-depth continuum mechanics analysis of the deformation due to self-gravitation in terrestrial objects, such as the inner planets, rocky moons and asteroids. Following a brief history of the problem, modern continuum mechanics tools are presented in order to derive the underlying field equations, both for solid and fluid material models. Various numerical solution techniques are discussed, such as Runge-Kutta integration, series expansion, finite differences, and (adaptive) FE analysis. Analytical solutions for selected special cases, which are worked out in detail, are also included. All of these methods are then applied to the problem, quantitative results are compared, and the pros and cons of the analytical solutions and of all the numerical methods are discussed. The book culminates in a multi-layer model for planet Earth according to the PREM Model (Preliminary Earth Model) and in a viscoelastic analysis of the deformation problem, all from the viewpointof rational continuum theory and numerical analysis.

This volume introduces a comprehensive theory of deformation and fracture to engineers and applied scientists. Here “comprehensive” means that the theory can describe all stages of deformation from elastic to plastic and plastic to fracturing stage on the same basis (equations). The comprehensive approach is possible because the theory is based on a fundamental physical principle called the local symmetry, or gauge invariance, as opposed to phenomenology.Professor Yoshida explains the gist of local symmetry (gauge invariance) intuitively so that engineers and applied physicists can digest it easily, rather than describing physical or mathematical details of the principle. The author also describes applications of the theory to practical engineering, such as nondestructive testing in particular, with the use of an optical interferometric technique called ESPI (Electronic Speckle-Pattern Interferometry).The book is not a manual of applications. Instead, it provides information on how to apply physical concepts to engineering applications.

The book provides suitable methods for the simulations of boundary value problems of geotechnical installation processes with reliable prediction for the deformation behavior of structures in static or dynamic interaction with the soil.It summarizes the basic research of a research group from scientists dealing with constitutive relations of soils and their implementations as well as contact element formulations in FE-codes.Numerical and physical experiments are presented providing benchmarks for future developments in this field.Boundary value problems have been formulated and solved with the developed tools in order to show the effectivity of the methods. Parametric studies of geotechnical installation processes in order to identify the governing parameters for the optimization of the process are given in such a way that the findings can be recommended to practice for further use.For many design engineers in practice the assessment of the serviceability of nearby structures due to geotechnical installation processes is a very challenging task. Some hints about possible effects and their consideration are given in this book which may provide a help for such estimations which are still not possible to be given in a satisfactory manner.

Recently, a new research stimulus has derived from the observation that soft structures, such as biological systems, but also rubber and gel, may work in a post critical regime, where elastic elements are subject to extreme deformations, though still exhibiting excellent mechanical performances. This is the realm of ‘extreme mechanics', to which this book is addressed.The possibility of exploiting highly deformable structures opens new and unexpected technological possibilities. In particular, the challenge is the design of deformable and bi-stable mechanisms which can reach superior mechanical performances and can have a strong impact on several high-tech applications, including stretchable electronics, nanotube serpentines, deployable structures for aerospace engineering, cable deployment in the ocean, but also sensors and flexible actuators and vibration absorbers.Readers are introduced to a variety of interrelated topics involving the mechanics of extremely deformable structures, with emphasis on bifurcation, instability and nonlinear behavior, both in the quasi-static and dynamic regimes. Essential and up-to-date theoretical, numerical and experimental methodologies are covered, as a tool to progress towards a satisfactory modeling of the nonlinear behavior of structures.

Three subjects of major interest are contained in this textbook: Linear elasticity, mechanics of structures in linear isotropic elasticity, and nonlinear mechanics including computational algorithms. Engineering and mathematics are in a reasonable balance: After the simplest possible, intuitive approach follows the mathematical formulation and analysis. Computational methods occupy a good portion of the book. There are several worked out problems in each chapter and additional exercises at the end of the book. Very often, mathematical expressions are given in more than one notation. The book is intended primarily for students and practising engineers in mechanical and civil engineering. Most of them will be faced with problems of advanced materials and should have a correct understanding of the basic ideas even if they use software to solve them. Students or experts from applied mathematics, materials science and other related fields will also find it useful.

This volume is concerned with the basic problems of the theory of thermoelasticity for three models of continuous bodies: materials with voids, micropolar solids and nonsimple bodies. Beginning with the basic laws of thermodynamics, the theory of thermoelastic materials with voids is treated. Two subsequent chapters cover the analysis of the linear theory of micropolar thermoelastic bodies. The book concludes with a study of nonsimple thermoelastic materials, which are characterised by the inclusion of higher gradients of displacement in the basic postulates. Relevant examples and exercises which illustrate the theory are given throughout the text. The book should be of interest to mathematicians and specialists working in the fields of elasticity, thermoelasticity, civil engineering and geophysics.

Introduction to the Mechanics of Deformable Solids: Bars and Beams introduces the theory of beams and bars, including axial, torsion, and bending loading and analysis of bars that are subjected to combined loadings, including resulting complex stress states using Mohr's circle. The book provides failure analysis based on maximum stress criteria and introduces design using models developed in the text. Throughout the book, the author emphasizes fundamentals, including consistent mathematical notation. The author also presents the fundamentals of the mechanics of solids in such a way that the beginning student is able to progress directly to a follow-up course that utilizes two- and three-dimensional finite element codes imbedded within modern software packages for structural design purposes. As such, excessive details included in the previous generation of textbooks on the subject are obviated due to their obsolescence with the availability of today's finite element software packages.

The volume is devoted to mechanics of rods, which is a branch of mechanics of deformable bodies. The main goal of the book is to present systematically theoretical fundamentals of mechanics of rods as well as numerical methods used for practical purposes. The monograph is concerned with the most general statements of the problems in mechanics of rods. Various types of external loads that a rod may be subject to are discussed. Advanced technique that includes vector is used in the derivation of linear analysis, linear algebra, and distributions and nonlinear equilibrium equations. The use of this technique helps us to make transformations and rearrangement of equations more transparent and compact. Theoretical basics of rods interacting with external and internal flows of fluid and the derivation of the formulas for the hydrodynamic and aerody­ namic forces are presented. The book consists of six chapters and appendices and may be convention­ ally divided into two parts. That is, Chapters 1 to 3 contain, in the main, theoretical material, whereas Chapters 4 to6 illustrate the application of the theoretical results to problems of practical interest. Problems for self-study are found in Chapters 1, 3, 4, and 5. The solutions to most of the problems are given in Appendix B. The monograph is addressed to scientists, institutional and industrial re­ searchers, lecturers, and graduate students.

The aim of the book is to present, in a novel and unified fashion, the elements of Mechanics in Material Space or Configurational Mechanics, with applications to fracture and defect mechanics. This mechanics, in contrast to Newtonian mechanics in physical space, is concerned with defects such as cracks and dislocations, which are embedded in the material and might move in it. The level is kept accessible to any engineer, scientist or graduate student possessing some knowledge of calculus and partial differential equations, and working in the various areas where rational use of materials is essential.

This reference tutorial contains modern experimental approaches to analysis of strain-stress distribution based on interference-optical methods of registration of strain or displacement fields, including coherent-optical techniques (holographic interferometry, speckle photography, electronic digital speckle interferometry techniques) and photoelastic methods as well as the shadow optical method of caustic. The book describes the theory, efficient scope of application in the every-day practice and the problems of further development of these techniques. Much attention is paid to new and promising advanced developments in the field of observation and computational methods for study of residual stress, determination of fracture mechanics parameters and material deformation characteristics. The content corresponds to the course of lectures delivered by the author at the N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University. It is intended for technical university students, research engineers and postgraduate students who are doing analysis of strain-stress state and strength of structural elements.

The book provides a rigorous axiomatic approach to continuum mechanics under large deformation. In addition to the classical nonlinear continuum mechanics – kinematics, fundamental laws, the theory of functions having jump discontinuities across singular surfaces, etc. - the book presents the theory of co-rotational derivatives, dynamic deformation compatibility equations, and the principles of material indifference and symmetry, all in systematized form. The focus of the book is a new approach to the formulation of the constitutive equations for elastic and inelastic continua under large deformation. This new approach is based on using energetic and quasi-energetic couples of stress and deformation tensors. This approach leads to a unified treatment of large, anisotropic elastic, viscoelastic, and plastic deformations. The author analyses classical problems, including some involving nonlinear wave propagation, using different models for continua under large deformation, and shows how different models lead to different results. The analysis is accompanied by experimental data and detailed numerical results for rubber, the ground, alloys, etc. The book will be an invaluable text for graduate students and researchers in solid mechanics, mechanical engineering, applied mathematics, physics and crystallography, as also for scientists developing advanced materials.

'Constrained Deformation of Materials: Devices, Heterogeneous Structures and Thermo-Mechanical Modeling'is an in-depth look at the mechanical analyses and modeling of advanced small-scale structures and heterogeneous material systems. Mechanical deformations in thin films and miniaturized materials, commonly found in microelectronic devices and packages, MEMS, nanostructures and composite and multi-phase materials, are heavily influenced by the external or internal physical confinement. A continuum mechanics-based approach is used, together with discussions on micro-mechanisms, to treat the subject in a systematic manner under the unified theme. Readers will find valuable information on the proper application of thermo-mechanics in numerical modeling as well as in the interpretation and prediction of physical material behavior, along with many case studies. Additionally, particular attention is paid to practical engineering relevance. Thus real-life reliability issues are discussed in detail to serve the needs of researchers and engineers alike.

This book is based on the lecture notes of courses given by the author over the last decade at the Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg and the Technical University of Berlin. Since the author is concerned with researching material t- ory and, in particular, elasto-plasticity, these courses were intended to bring the students close to the frontiers of today's knowledge in this particular field, an opportunity now offered also to the reader. The reader should be familiar with vectors and matrices, and with the basics of calculus and analysis. Concerning mechanics, the book starts right from the - ginning without assuming much knowledge of the subject. Hence, the text should be generally comprehensible to all engineers, physicists, mathematicians, and others. At the beginning of each new section, a brief Comment on the Literature c- tains recommendations for further reading. Throughout the text we quote only the important contributions to the subject matter. We are far from being complete or exhaustive in our references, and we apologise to any colleagues not mentioned in spite of their important contributions to the particular items. It is intended to indicate any corrections to this text on our website http://www.uni-magdeburg.de/ifme/l-festigkeit/elastoplasti.html along with remarks from the readers, who are encouraged to send their frank cri- cisms, comments and suggestions to bertram@mb.uni-magdeburg.de. All the author's royalties from this issue will be donated to charitable organi- tions like Terres des Hommes.

The variational method is a powerful tool to investigate states and processes in technical devices, nature, living organisms, systems, and economics. The power of the variational method consists in the fact that many of its sta- ments are physical or natural laws themselves. The essence of the variational approach for the solution of problems rel- ing to the determination of the real state of systems or processes consists in thecomparisonofclosestates.Theselectioncriteriafortheactualstatesmust be such that all the equations and conditions of the mathematical model are satis?ed. Historically, the?rst variational theory was the Lagrange theory created to investigate the equilibrium of?nite-dimensional mechanical systems under holonomic bilateral constraints (bonds). The selection criterion proposed by Lagrange is the admissible displacement principle. In accordance with this principle, the work of the prescribed forces (supposed to be constant) on in?nitesimally small, kinematically admissible (virtual) displacements is zero. It is known that equating the virtual work performed for potential systems to zero is equivalent to the stationarity conditions for the total energy of the system. The transition from bilateral constraints to unilateral ones was performed by O. L. Fourier. Fourier demonstrated that the virtual work on small dist- bances of a stable equilibrium state of a mechanical system under unilateral constraints must be positive (or, at least, nonnegative). Therefore, for such a system the corresponding mathematical model is reduced to an inequality and the problem becomes nonlinear.

High-speed impact dynamics is of interest in the fundamental sciences, e.g., astrophysics and space sciences, and has a number of important applications in military technologies, homeland security and engineering. When compared with experiments or numerical simulations, analytical approaches in impact mechanics only seldom yield useful results. However, when successful, analytical approaches allow us to determine general laws that are not only important in themselves but also serve as benchmarks for subsequent numerical simulations and experiments. The main goal of this monograph is to demonstrate the potential and effectiveness of analytical methods in applied high-speed penetration mechanics for two classes of problem. The first class of problem is shape optimization of impactors penetrating into ductile, concrete and some composite media. The second class of problem comprises investigation of ballistic properties and optimization of multi-layered shields, including spaced and two-component ceramic shields. Despite the massive use of mathematical techniques, the obtained results have a clear engineering meaning and are presented in an easy-to-use form. One of the chapters is devoted solely to some common approximate models, and this is the first time that a comprehensive description of the localized impactor/medium interaction approach is given. In the monograph the authors present systematically their theoretical results in the field of high-speed impact dynamics obtained during the last decade which only partially appeared in scientific journals and conferences proceedings.