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In deregulated electricity sector climates, such as in Ontario, the production of clean or renewable energy by small power producers through distributed generation (DG) is encouraged. This paper examines the policies that can be used to encourage DG investment and incorporates them into a mathematical model. This model is then used to create scenarios for examining the economic and environmental supply-side effects of policies to a distribution system over a ten-year period. The policies analyzed include a combination of feed-in-tariffs, CO2 tax, and cap-and-trade schemes. The results are discussed in the context of the Ontario market and its Standard Offer Program, implemented on a 32-bus radial distribution system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competitive electricity markets have been operating in various countries for more than a decade, with every single electricity market presenting its own unique characteristics and features. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the operational aspects of the Ontario electricity market, its unique features, and its outcomes for the first four years of operation. Several programs implemented in the Ontario market to improve efficiency, transparency, and competitiveness are analyzed, and the effectiveness of these programs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a stochastic linear programming model that can be used for pricing in electrical energy and reserve markets. It addresses capacity, energy, and reserve dispatch problems that may arise from n-1 contingency scenarios. Possible market solutions focusing on generator compensation using real-time, day-ahead, and hybrid schemes are enumerated, along with opportunities for consumer pricing and transmission costing. This model is illustrated on a 6-bus test system as well as a larger 66-bus system representing the Ontario network. A key difference among schemes is the degree of risk to the generators, measured by variance in profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]