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Transfer of the designs to the surface of ceramic wall tiles is performed by ink-jet digital printing technology. CMYK ink colors are used in ink-jet printing technology. The similarities between hues for various color types make it difficult to come up with different designs. In this study, the development of a wall tile matte glaze recipe with high color activity, which can be worked with CMYK+Pink ink colors. Different recipes were developed by increasing the amount of calcite, dolomite, zinc oxide and magnesite ratios, respectively. Firstly, matt glaze recipes are prepared and employed on wall tile with engobe, followed by CMYK+Pink ink digital decor application. Succeeding the sintering of tiles, L,a,b color measurements of ink decorated glaze recipes were made, and it was determined that the value of 'a' increased from 15.35 to 22.18. The hue angle and chroma values of the recipies were calculated. No significant differences were observed in the color activities of the colors other than pink, and the desired pink color intensity was achieved with one of the new wall tile matte glaze recipes. It was observed that the pink color intensity increased with the increase in the amount of CaO in the content of the matte glaze recipe. The color activity of the pink color could is not obtained in the glaze recipe where the amount of ZnO increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capacitated lot sizing is a frequently encountered production-planning problem in manufacturing companies. However, many real life factors are usually not taken into account during the model development phase for these problems. In this study, an integrated lot-sizing and scheduling problem of a paper bag production firm is considered. A mixed integer mathematical programming model is proposed for modeling and solving the problem. Setup cost/time between product and period changes are considered in the proposed model. It is aimed to minimize the total cost of production, holding inventory, backorder, procurement and setup for product type change and product period change. It is observed that productive utilization of manufacturing resources and the generation of more effective production plans are possible by the application of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel operational amplifier (op-amp) model was created by redesigning the internal structure of conventional op-amp (ua741 family) circuit element with the linear dopant drift TiO2 memristor (LDDTM) emulator model. The optimized operating conditions and states of this novel op-amp model were determined. The memristor based op-amp model was used as an amplifier element in the phase shift oscillator (PSO) circuit which is one of the RC oscillators. With the novel new phase shift oscillator, the oscillation settling time, start time, fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis and their effects on the output parameters are investigated both experimentally and simulated. The new oscillator model novel in this study is evaluated in detail not only in the middle frequency region, but also in the high and low frequency regions. In addition, the efficiency of these circuits has been merged with the experimental circuits, and the accuracy and practicality of the novel op-amp model has been comprehensively studied theoretically and supported by simulation and experimental results. Finally, both experimental and simulation results of the oscillator circuits realized with the novel op-amp model are shown in detail in tables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies a two-dimensional two-stage guillotine cutting stock problem which includes determination of how the items should be cut from stock panels in an optimal way, by developing and applying different solution approaches. An integer programming model with new features is proposed. A random key based genetic algorithm is utilized to obtain feasible solutions, and by applying a local search within the algorithm, a hybrid structure is acquired. Besides, a novel two-stage math-heuristic solution method is proposed. In the first stage of this method, a relaxation of the problem is solved; in the second, this solution is improved. The time to obtain the results of the developed two-stage math-heuristic solution approach is significantly lower than the other methods given in the article. Optimal solution values were obtained in 26 of 30 test problems taken from the literature with the proposed mathematical model, in 14 with mathematical programming based heuristic method, and in 16 with a random key based genetic algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, path following control of an unmanned ground vehicle is presented based on the feedback of position and orientation errors. The measurement unit of this autonomous vehicle prototyped for such tasks contains a real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK-GPS), an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and an absolute encoder to accurately define the position and orientation of the car. A model predictive control was proposed for the path following of the mobile robot based on the successive linearized and discretized kinematic model. This optimal control method performs on the lowest position and orientation errors with respect to a non-holonomic virtual vehicle that is considered to move flawlessly on a given reference path and the smoother steering angle. The paths followed here are defined by rationally based splines or known geometric curves created with control points from a digital mapping program. This paper includes both simulation and real-time experimental studies. The outcomes were examined in terms of the design performance and control strategy of the vehicle. Despite the physical constraints on the vehicle prototype, it has been observed that position and orientation errors occur within satisfactory limits. In particular, the fact that the steering angle is not subjected to excessive oscillations indicates that the control method has a good performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to develop a high-performance method for designing Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters that effectively control the over-frequency response parameters. The proposed approach involves designing an optimal FIR filter based on an Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter, considering various parameters such as pass and stop band ripples, stop band attenuation, transition bandwidth, and linear phase response. The advantages of the IIR filter's better frequency response are utilized in this design. The parameters of Butterworth and Chebyshev filters are optimized using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms, incorporating novel fitness functions based on different distance metrics. Visual examination of the filtered signals shows that the proposed algorithm reduces phase delay compared to traditional filters. Additionally, the performance of the designed filter is evaluated by decomposing a sinusoidal signal with four different frequencies into its sub-bands. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves more precise decomposition compared to commonly used traditional filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, effect of small deviations in the parameters that appear either in the definition or determination of a physical problem to the resultant calculated value. Within the study, Perturbation theory and Asymptotic Series expansions have been used as mathematical tools. In this work, perturbation theory has been handled in two alternative ways: numerical and analytical. Electromagnetic waves has been dealed extensively. Electromagnetic propagation equation has been nondimensionalised and presented via asymptotic series approach. Spatial Fourier transformation provides singular perturbation application to the equation. Validity of the solution has been investigated. This manuscript also concerns the electromagnetic feature extraction of the multilayered properties by the inverse scattering theory approach. In this work, in order to characterize the unknown or ambiguous part of the structure, random modeling of the parameters was introduced. Monte Carlo methods are used to calculate the resultant randomness effect. The description of any parameter, including thickness, with any probability density function (pdf) to represent nonnegative/bounded/unbounded cases and any combination of all these parameters, is represented in a framework. Skewness and kurtosis values are added to the output structure in order to lead complex analysis on the output descriptions. In this work, depending on the structure or aim of the analysis, the permittivity or the permeability of a layer is randomized. The overall reflection coefficient is calculated via recursive analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid integration of digital technologies into e-commerce platforms, online sales have increased dramatically in recent years. Additionally, customers' awareness of the global competition among hundreds of e-commerce companies has increased their expectations such as high quality, low price, fast and free delivery like never before. In response, e-commerce companies have started revisiting their logistics systems to survive in such a business environment by meeting rising expectations and minimizing operational costs. Thus, most companies have been focused on order-picking processes, which are characterized by high operating times and labor costs. Accordingly, collaborative robots (cobots) have been used in many warehouses to make order-picking operations more efficient and profitable. Depending on the distance between pick locations, a cobot can either be ridden by the order picker or autonomously move to the next pick location while the order picker is walking. This paper proposes a bi-level programming model to find the optimal designs of order-picking warehouses employing collaborative robots. The top-level model is used to determine the optimal shape factor (width-to-depth ratio) minimizing the order-picking time; whereas, the bottom-level model determines the optimal route and collaboration strategy. Based on Monte Carlo simulation, it is shown that the shape factor significantly affects the length of an order-picking tour when the pick-list size is small. However, it is concluded that the optimal shape factor varies depending on the pick-list size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays it is important to store sensitive data and restrict its usage only to authorized people or institutions. In general, solutions for Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) ignores malicious attacks on documents and algorithms using fingerprinting and regular expressions are used. However, content-based attacks are successful evading those algorithms. In this paper an algorithm robust against malicious content-based attacks is proposed, which is independent of the attack executed. Transposition, sentence structure alteration, modification, obfuscation attacks are taken into consideration within the scope of paper. N-gram, charactergram, k-skip-n-gram and LSA methods are used in the feature extraction step, for having better classification results under attacks. The extracted features are passed to a Vote Classifier consisting of Support Vector Machine, Random Forest and Multi-Layer Perceptron classifiers. Additionally, the effects of instrumenting Spell-Correction in different steps of the algorithm is evaluated, which is effective against modification attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a web-based optical character recognition (OCR) system that converts images of Ottoman documents printed with naskh font into text using CNN+RNN-based deep neural network models. For training, three datasets - original, synthetic, and hybrid - were prepared and three different OCR models were created. The original data set consists of 1,000 pages and the synthetic data set consists of 23,000 pages. Hybrid data set contains both. The trained models were compared with Tesseract's Arabic and Persian, Google Docs' Arabic, Abby FineReader's Arabic, and Miletos OCR model/tools with a 21-page test set. The comparison was made with 3 different texts (raw, normalized, and joined) and using 3 different criteria (character, ligature, and word recognition). The Osmanlica.com Hybrid model produced significantly better results than the others with 88.86% raw, 96.12% normalized, and 97.37% joined accuracy in character recognition; 80.48% raw, 91.60% normalized, and 97.37% joined accuracy in ligature recognition; and 44.08% raw and 66.45% normalized accuracy in word recognition. To investigate the effects of the characteristics of the alphabet on OCR, character, ligature, and word frequency analyses of Ottoman was performed. In this analysis, the characters in the alphabet were grouped according to distinctive features such as connectedness, letter body, position and number of dots, type of character, and source language; and frequencies and recognition accuracies were examined for each group. OCR results are also reported for each character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the waste heat loss of flue gases from the boilers of Kafkas University district heating system has been calculated between 6-8% according to the combustion analysis and the annual cost of this heat loss has been found as $58,658.79. In terms of energy efficiency and the national economy, we think that this lost energy should be recovered as much as possible and fuel and energy savings should be achieved. In the paper, the effects of variants such as air excess coefficient, flue gas temperature, boiler capacity and fuel consumption on the heat recovery from flue gas have been presented in detail. The heat recovery scenarios have been presented for reusing this waste energy for space heating, domestic hot water, and preheating combustion air and the applicability of these scenarios has been investigated in terms of thermodynamics and economics. According to the results of the study, in the second scenario examined to cover the domestic hot water need of the guest house building, the energy savings of the scenario can be provided during 20 years of economic life is $122,820.83, and it has the highest savings income among the scenarios. In addition, it is possible to recover approximately 50% of the flue gas loss with thanks to the scenario. On the other hand, the third scenario of heating the boiler combustion air with waste heat is the easiest and most economical scenario because its payback period is only one year, and there are no extra excavation and pipe costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of developing technology, faster applications in modern electronic systems increase the demands for less energy consumption, area, power, and delay. This research paper presents various classes of parallel adders and hybrid parallel adders in academic studies. In this study, hybrid parallel collector performance criteria for the delay, area, energy, and power consumption of the proposed models were investigated comparatively. In addition, the performance results of the hybrid parallel adder tools investigated in this study regarding certain criteria are shared. According to the comparative results obtained, hybrid parallel adder circuits with less delay, area, power, and energy consumption can be designed. By looking at these results, it will be possible to make hybrid model selections by considering the data in terms of collectors of the processors to be designed for the areas to be studied. The comparative results are given in Table 1. which shows the results obtained by the researchers by conducting experiments. In this research on hybrid parallel adders, bits of all lengths were generally tried to be considered. According to the research on these parallel adders, the experimental results of hybrid parallel adders in terms of different delay, area, power, and energy are brought together and their comparative analyzes are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, it is proposed to use M-level color shift keying (M-CSK) modulation without vibration problem in Flip-OFDM waveform, which is an efficient unipolar version of OFDM for optical wireless communication systems. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with the M-QAM modulated Flip-OFDM and M-CSK-modulated VLC OFDM methods based on the criteria of bit-error-rate (BER) and peak average power ratio (PAPR). The BER performance has also been analyzed, firstly by using uncoded proposed scheme then two channel coding techniques i.e. Reed-Solomon (RS) channel encoder and Convolutional Codes (CC) by using two channels i.e. AWGN and optical LOS channel. The entire channel coding techniques is carried out using QAM modulation. The simulation results show that, the proposed MCSK Flip-OFDM method achieves good performance at high SNR values for both AWGN channel and optical LOS channel and also with applying RS and CC, the BER performance is also improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, in order to determine the laying conditions of power cables used in air vehicles, the thermal behavior, which is one of the dominant factors affecting the current carrying capacity, was investigated by the finite element method. For this purpose, electrical-thermal multiple physical analysis model was created in COMSOL programme to observe the relationship between the temperature of the cable and the environment in which it is laid and the current carrying capacity. In the analysis, 2 AWG (39.19 mm2) cross-section cables in accordance with SAE AS22759/1 standard were taken into consideration. Within the scope of the study, the effect of both the ambient temperature and the distance between the cables on the current carrying capacity of the cable was examined. Considering the maximum temperature value (200℃) that the selected cables can withstand, while there is a distance of 75 mm between the cables it has been observed 198A for a cable. When the distance between the cables is 30 mm and the cables are adjacent, current values are as 184A and 181A, respectively. When the cables are in adjacent, analysis was performed for ambient temperature values of 70℃, 50℃ and 20℃. According to these ambient temperature values, current carrying capacity is calculated as 179A, 191,5A and 205A respectively. As a result of the analysis, the decrease in the distance between the cables causes the current carrying capacity of the cable to decrease and it has been observed that the decrease in the ambient temperature also causes the current carrying capacity of the cable to increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on step by step design of fractional order proportional-integral controller for the stability and robust performance of second order plus time delay plant. Analytically obtained equations are generalized and can be used for mentioned plants. Main aim of the method is to flatten the phase curve of the Bode plot between phase and gain crossover frequencies. Thus, robustness to gain variations is provided. Besides, stability of the whole system is ensured. In contrast to existing studies in the literature, not only the gain crossover frequency, both gain and phase crossover frequencies are considered in the design procedure. Also, the phase flattening is not achieved by equalizing the phase derivative to zero. The paper brings a different point of view to the problem. Two different controllers are calculated. The first one achieves desired gain crossover frequency and phase margin properties. Second one ensures the phase crossover frequency and the gain margin. Then, these controllers are connected and there obtained an only controller satisfying both conditions. Proposed equations are applied on two different models from the literature and the results are given graphically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between cultural heritage and sustainable development has been on the agenda of many related stakeholders for many years. Thus, cultural heritage was introduced into the sustainable development agenda in September 2015, being emphasized within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations (UN). Believing in this relationship, this paper focuses on capacities and limitations of various disciplines in reaching SDGs through cultural heritage conservation and management (CHC&M). The paper argues that we need innovative and transformative strategies and policies for the conservation and management of cultural heritage to be able to reach UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This requires a strong collaboration among various disciplines, primarily architecture, urban design, urban and regional planning - kin disciplines - as well as economics, geography, demography, and urban sociology. The research presented in this paper is based on a thorough literature review on sustainable development, SDGs, cultural heritage, and conservation and management of cultural heritage with an aim to put forward an interdisciplinary approach for CHC&M which will then lead to reaching SDGs. With this aim in mind, the research identifies the actual one to-one relationship between SDGs and CHC&M, while emphasizing the role of each kin discipline on CHC&M and sustainable development through a critical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, water pollution has become a major problem, especially due to the wastes discharged from different sectors without treatment. Among these, there are various paint wastes used by the textile, leather, paper and cosmetics sectors. Crystal violet (CV) is a widely known cationic dye and is often used as a colorant in industries. CV dye is known to be toxic to humans and animals at 1 ppb. For this reason, it is very important for environmental safety to treat industrial wastewater from crystal violet before discharge. This research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two different montmorillonite-based nanoclays (B1 and B2) as a low-cost material for the removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solutions. Structural characterizations of nanoclays were analyzed using FTIR and TGA methods. All parameters that could affect the CV adsorption process were optimized in a batch system. The effects of various factors (adsorbent dose, contact time, solution pH, co-existing ion effects, adsorption temperature, initial dye concentration) on the adsorption process were investigated. Experiments to investigate the mechanism of the CV-nanoclay adsorption system showed that the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium parameters fit better with the Pseudo second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities (qm) of B1 and B2 adsorbents were obtained as 224.63 mg/g at 25°C and 360.30 mg/g at 45°C, respectively. A suitable combination of surface and CV ion charge was obtained at low pH values (=7) of the CV solution. The presence of co-existing NaCl ions did not significantly affect the CV adsorption capacity. When the results were evaluated, it was seen that the montmorillonite-based adsorbents were effective and cost-effective adsorbents for CV dye removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new control mechanism has been proposed for grid-connected three-phase inverter that provides regenerative energy recuperation in direct current (DC) rail transit. In DC rail transit, line voltage can change dynamically depending on the regenerative energy generated by the trains during braking. In order to respond rapidly to dynamic changes in line voltage, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller designed based on the dominant pole assignment method has been used in the control structure of the inverter. With the proposed control mechanism, the PID controller design has been performed considering the current loop. Thus, the design accuracy has been increased. The derivative effect of the PID provides fast response to these changes in line voltage by increasing the speed of the system response and the slow dynamic response of PI-based control structure has been improved. In addition, a new operating strategy that considers two different voltage values, unlike the systems that operate at constant voltage value in the literature, is proposed. This operating strategy provides more regenerative energy recovery by increasing the inverter operation region and contributes to energy efficiency. Finally, a detailed model of a real system has been developed in Matlab/Simulink environment. The simulation results comparing the performance of the PID-based control structure with the PI-based control has been presented to illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies assist users in applying the intended action when upper extremity movement cannot be fully provided. Electromyography (EMG), a depiction of muscle activity, offers various advantages when employed with AI-based systems like virtual reality applications and prosthetics controls. In this paper, a fuzzy logic (FL)-based decision-making mechanism is presented in order to provide effective control and improve the prediction performance of the stated systems. In this regard, EMG signals were collected from 30 participants when imitating different seven hand gestures. After the necessary preprocessing and segmentation processes, the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method which is the first stage of the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) was applied and Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF) were obtained. High-resolution time-frequency (TF) images were obtained by applying HHT to the IMFs determined by a statistical selection method. Various distinctive features were extracted from the visualized TF images based on the joint representation of the time and frequency domain. The Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was then fed these features, which used two alternative clustering approaches. For seven hand gesture classifications, the average accuracy scores for the Subtractive Clustering (SC) and Fuzzy C-mean (FCM) clustering methods were obtained as 93.88% and 92.10%, respectively. The proposed feature extraction method based on TF representation combined with FL techniques yielded encouraging results for the classification of nonstationary and nonlinear biological signals such as EMG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the precautions taken in building industry in order to minimize the results of increasing energy consumption in the world is energy efficient design of the utilization process of the buildings. In order to ensure energy efficiency in buildings, heat loss through building envelope is tried to be minimized. In Turkey, recently, external thermal insulation applications have been proliferating with the effect of legal obligations and the needs of providing fuel preservation within residences. In this paper, it is researched how hygrothermal performance of the existing building walls would be affected by external thermal insulation applications. In the first chapter of this paper, external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) applications observed in Istanbul Capa district are dealt with. In this region, it has seen that there are impermeable coatings on the existing wall surface of buildings where external thermal insulation is applied. In the second chapter, changes in water content, relative humidity rate and temperature of different wall types are calculated via simulation method. According to the results, when thermal insulation materials are applied on impermeable coatings on the walls, the moisture amount in the wall layers may reach critical levels in winter and this situation can cause deteriorations in the wall layers in the long term. For these reasons, it is important to handle external thermal insulation applications on existing buildings with a holistic approach and expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's power systems are large and interconnected to each other with many buses, lines, loads, and generators. Even the solution of a single snapshot of the system for specific conditions requires the solution of systems of equations with large sizes. Thus, to obtain the results in a reasonable time for large problems like electrical power flow simulations, modern large computational environments should be employed. However, because of the increasing number of components in the modern computational environment, the possibility of soft errors also increases. Soft errors can be defined as failures arising from several fluctuations due to x-rays, cosmic particle effects, etc. These types of errors usually appear at any time of computation as a bit-flip in any floating-point operations. In this paper, we will investigate the soft-error effects on largescale power flow simulations. Generally, power flow calculations are performed by using Newton Raphson Method. The system is modeled by nonlinear equations and the solution process requires a linear solver is employed to take the inverse of the Jacobian matrix at each iteration. In this study, the soft-error sensitivity of the numerical methods used in load flow was examined, and the problems that may be encountered were revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resilient modulus is an important design parameter for highway pavement structures because it represents the structural strength of pavement layers. The resilient modulus depends on the factors such as applied stress, loading time, water content, dry density and gradation. This paper demonstrates the applicability of regression methodology for estimating the (Mr) Resilient modulus of pavement layers using the results of dynamic triaxial tests. Aggregate samples were collected from several different quarries of central Anatolia. All of the aggregate sources were igneous rock (basalt, and trachy-basalt). Initial work content of triaxial tests to obtain the resilient modulus of cylindrical aggregate samples. Than new mathematical model proposed by using the results of dynamic triaxial tests. In the regression model; aggregate physical properties, aggregate mixture properties and loading factors (a total of 8 variables) which are used as input parameters and the resilient modulus of the aggregate mixture obtained as output. In order to compare the effectiveness of the new method, coefficients for the Uzan constitutive model were also determined for laboratory testing and were compared with the approach described in this paper. Performance parameters of R²:0.98 and Standard error: 10.51 was obtained from model prediction. These results are quite sufficient, and the regression model assumed the resilient response to be like a function by using the stated material parameters. So, this approach makes it possible to estimate the resilient modulus of the different aggregates samples in real-time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coordination of Directional Over Current Relays (DOCR) is an important issue in the protection of power systems. In this paper, DOCR coordination, which has the problem of nonlinear and high constraints, is discussed The object function, reported in the literature, has been re-written by adding relay setting constraints multiplied by a weight factor to ensure optimum coordination of DOCRs. At first, the Evaporation Rate Controlled Water Cycle Algorithm (ER-WCA) and Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) algorithms were used to compute the optimum coordination of the DOCR problem. The proposed algorithms are applied to the 9-bus test system. In addition, the results obtained using ER-WCA and HHO were compared with those obtained using other algorithms in the literature. Then, a new adaptive protection method, which adapts to changing power system conditions in power grids with Distributed Generation (DG) system, is proposed. In this new adaptive protection method, the HHO algorithm has been used to ensure optimum coordination of DOCRs. Also, in this new adaptive protection method, a structure with Fault Current Limiting (FCL) mechanism, which determines the critical fault point based on the both of the current and voltage index, is proposed in power systems. Then, by applying this new adaptive protection method to 10 bus Turkey distribution system, the effectiveness of the study was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a shear deformable force-based frame finite element with semi-rigid connections is derived for nonlinear analysis of steel structures. Distributed plasticity approach is defined along element length and section depth, and linear or non-linear semi-rigid connection behavior can be specified anywhere along elements without the necessity to define additional nodes and to increase the degrees of freedom of the structural system. To perform vibration analyses with similar accuracy, force-based consistent mass matrix is used considering semi-rigidity in connections and an appropriate shear correction coefficient for I-sections. The element formulation is presented in 2 dimensions to simplify the formulation, and numerical validation and comparison studies are carried out on complex and irregular structures in 2-D and 3-D. In models with semi-rigid connections, the effect of nonlinear behavior on the structural system has been studied in both beam-column and column-bases. In the presented examples, it was possible to push structures higher than the existing displacements, and it was revealed that the nonlinear behavior in the column-base connections could create much more critical results for the structural systems with P-Delta effects. In addition, high-level accuracy results were obtained when performing vibration analyses with the application of force-based consistent mass matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of automatic detection of the presence of cervical cancer by evaluating histopathological Pap-Smear images with computerized diagnosis / detection software is an active field of study. The reason for this is that the objects (cell nucleus, cytoplasm, white blood cell, bacilli and speckle) in the visuals overlap and change the geometric structure and pattern of each other, they are dispersed in the image with different density, and the noise patterns are different. In addition, the difficulty and costs of creating a tagged large dataset prevented the emergence of a common dataset in this area. The mentioned difficulties negatively affect the achievements in current classification studies and trigger the need for new approaches. In this paper, a three-step approach based on building large Pap-Smear datasets using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) is proposed. Accordingly, in the first step, geometric shape and pattern models of each object structure in Pap-Smear images are created. In the second stage, synthetic Pap-Smear images (Ground True) with the desired number and distribution of objects are produced using the produced parametric models. In the third stage, the performances of existing GANs (Pix2Pix, CycleGAN, DiscoGAN and AttentionGAN) to produce GT are evaluated and a solution-oriented new current GAN architecture (Pix2PixSSIM) is proposed. Experimental studies show that a large Pap-Smear data set can be produced in a very short time with the proposed GAN architecture. In this way, it is seen that deep networks with high classification success can be trained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is thought that data mining can solve many problems in visible light communication. In the VLC systems, different receiver and transmitter units are usually designed for each modulation technique. Here, the proposed systems are designed for shortened pulse position modulation. In the paper, K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm and Decision Trees based demodulators that can be applied to synchronous modulation techniques are proposed. Afterwards, a generalized entropy expression is obtained for M-SPPM signals. Additionally, demodulators that can decode signals according to the Manhattan and Minkowski distance and other demodulators are compared in terms of accuracy and bit error rate. From the numerical results, it can be seen that the proposed KNN and Decision Trees based demodulators can be used as traditional systems for synchronous modulation techniques. Furthermore, it is seen that bit error rate performances and accuracy rates of the proposed KNN based demodulator and decision trees based demodulator that is optimally designed are completely the same. In 4-SPPM signals, it is seen that the accuracy of KNN (Demodulator-1) and Decision Trees (Demodulator-3) is 98.78% for SNR=10 dB. Here, the accuracy of the KNN (Demodulator-2) and Decision Trees (Demodulator-5) is 99.07% for 8-SPPM signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Projects are set of processes which aim to serve a unique product or a service in a time-bounded period. Pressure in terms of accelerating the time to market of the unique product or service has become the reality in every organization. Thus, companies need to search for new methodologies to schedule projects effectively. This paper presents a new mathematical model to schedule resource constrained projects in accordance with their logical relationships. Optimal solution of this complex model cannot be found in case of a high number of activities. Therefore, a new hybrid metaheuristic is proposed to find efficient solutions. Moreover, the proposed methodology is applied to schedule projects in a Turkish technology company. For 154 projects completed between 2018 and 2020, proposed methods finds on the average 3.91% better solution in 178 seconds compared to solutions obtained by CPLEX in 34,883 seconds. Proposed methods are also applied for 64 projects planned in 2021 and finds on the average 5% better results in 130 seconds compared to solutions found by CPLEX in 35,438 seconds. In brief, the proposed methodology provides efficient solutions with a very small number of delayed projects, reliable plans, better solution time and objective function value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selection of reasonable cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) is important in order to obtain required surface quality in turning operations. In this paper, in addition to cutting parameters, the effects of work piece dimensions (overhang length and diameter) on the surface roughness are investigated experimentally and surface roughness predicition models are developed from the experimental results. Feed rate, cutting speed, depth of cut and overhang lenghts are taken as vaiable parameters for the work pieces at two different diameters machined on a CNC lathe. A total of 34 =81 different cutting experiments have been performed for the work pieces (for each diameter) based on the three-level full factorial design of experiments. Using the results from the experiments, models have been developed for the prediction of surface roughness based on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS). The best model is selected for each diameter. These models are considered as a guide for metal removing industry environment in order to obtain a desired surface qualiy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the effect of own weight on the dynamic analysis of a pre-stretched composite platestrip containing a circular hole subjected to bending load. The combined effect of body forces (weight) and surface forces (pre-stretching load) on the plate-strip with a hole is considered as the initial stresses determined within the linear theory of elasticity. The effects of these initial stresses on the natural and forced vibrations around the hole within a plate-strip under additional bending load are investigated in the framework of the Three-Dimensional Linearized Theory of Elasticity (TDLTE) under the plane strain state, and the solutions of the considered boundary value problems are solved numerically by using the finite elements method. This paper shows that the influence of the plate's own weight has an important role on the dynamic analysis around the circular hole within a plate-strip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper demonstrates the determination of the fracture parameters of concretes included recycled aggregate (RA) and silica fume (SF) and the crack pattern of a reinforced concrete beam. Double-K fracture model (DKFM) is considered in this paper and the required parameters for DKFM are obtained from the model simulated using finite element method (FEM) in Abaqus. In the simulation parts geometric nonlinearity and material nonlinearity is considered and the parameters of materials for modelling applications depends on the experiments. The fracture parameters are calculated after obtaining the FEM model analyses. The implemented study of fracture behavior of the conventional and recycled aggregate concretes with and without SF and RA reveals that the conventional concrete fracture models (double-K fracture model) could be used to determine the fracture parameters and fracture behavior of RAC and both SF and RA use in concrete has an effect on fracture properties is found. Moreover, crack pattern of a reinforced concrete beam with and without RA and SF is investigated. According to the results, number of cracks decrease but the depth of cracks increase and initial cracking toughness increases if both RA and SF are used at various ratios in the concretes. Although RA inclusion in concretes decreases the rigidity of the beam, approximately equal elastic bearing capacity of the beam is found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the effect of own weight on the dynamic analysis of a pre-stretched composite plate-strip containing a circular hole subjected to bending load. The combined effect of body forces (weight) and surface forces (pre-stretching load) on the plate-strip with a hole is considered as the initial stresses determined within the linear theory of elasticity. The effects of these initial stresses on the natural and forced vibrations around the hole within a plate-strip under additional bending load are investigated in the framework of the Three-Dimensional Linearized Theory of Elasticity (TDLTE) under the plane strain state, and the solutions of the considered boundary value problems are solved numerically by using the finite elements method. This paper shows that the influence of the plate's own weight has an important role on the dynamic analysis around the circular hole within a plate-strip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a method developed for the detection of flicker of light, which is caused by one or more of multiple flicker sources such as arc furnaces, photocopy machines, x-ray devices, which are known to have significant power quality detrimental effects in the power systems. The proposed method is designed to provide the best possible estimations of the maximum instantaneous flicker sensation value in cases of fundamental frequency deviations. It is known that the IEC flickermeter proposed by the IEC Standard 61000-4-15 results in erroneous flicker estimations in cases of fundamental frequency variations. The proposed in this paper is an improved flicker estimation method, which involves spectral correction for the cases of fundamental frequency variations. The proposed method uses all the flicker frequency components existing in the 0-25 Hz band to compute the corresponding flicker effect and sums them up to determine the overall flicker severity. This flicker frequency range is adjusted to analyze the voltage fluctuations caused by electric arc furnaces, wind turbines and solar cells in the power system. The method has been tested on both synthetically generated voltages and field data obtained from parts of the electricity transmission system suffering from significant flicker problem. Satisfactory flicker estimates have been obtained for both synthetic and field data. For the synthetic data tests, voltages with various multiple flicker frequency components and with fundamental frequency deviation have been used. The method has been also used to calculate the flicker of field data obtained from busbars feeding electric arc furnace plants in the Electricity Transmission System of Turkey and the flicker severity results have been compared with the results of the IEC flickermeter. It has been shown that the proposed flicker estimation method is a fast and accurate method for flicker computation. The advantage of the method is that flicker is estimated accurately out of the already existing FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) samples, which usually exist in almost all power quality analyzers. Hence, flicker estimation is reduced to only a software issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper demonstrates the determination of the fracture parameters of concretes included recycled aggregate (RA) and silica fume (SF) and the crack pattern of a reinforced concrete beam. The parameters of fracture for conventional concrete (NAC) and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) are calculated and a comparative study is con ducted. Double-K fracture model (DKFM) is considered in this paper and the required parameters for DKFM are obtained from fictitious crack model simulated using finite element method (FEM) in Abaqus (i.e., crack mouth openning (CMOD)). In the simulation parts geometric nonlinearity and material nonlinearity is considered and the parameters of materials for modelling applications depends on the experiments. The fracture parameters are calculated after obtaining the FEM model analysises. The implemented study of fracture behaviour of the conventional and recycled aggregate concretes with and without SF and RA reveals that the conventional concrete fracture models (double-K fracture model) could be used to determine the fracture parameters and fracture behaviour of RAC and both SF and RA use in concrete has an effect on fracture properties is found. Moreover, crack pattern of a reinforced concrete beam with and without RA and SF is investigated. According to the results, number of cracks decrease but the depth of cracks increase and initial cracking thoughness increases if both RA and SF are usedat various ratios in the concretes. Although RA inclusion in concretes decreases the rigidity of the beam, approximately equal elastic bearing capacity of the beam is found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable fashion is an important movement that offers numerous benefits in the long run by questioning the actual needs of the consumer, selecting the natural fabrics, preferring the brands providing ethical working conditions for the employees, using the acquired clothes as long as possible, repairing when necessary, and recycling into yarn when the lifetime is over, or transforming into a new product by changing the function of the items. In this context, the most active role of consumers is to prefer quality products that can last for many years and to extend the time of the products remaining in use, especially through the purchase and sale of second-hand clothes. While current papers provide roadmaps based on conceptual details, and consumer perception and attitude, there is no comprehensive study in second-hand shopping practices specific to clothing. Hence, the aim of this study is proposing an integrated methodology to understand the criteria that consumers pay attention in second-hand clothes shopping platforms as a tool that makes sustainable fashion possible via literature review, individual interviews and text mining, to determine the weights of these criteria according to their importance via Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) methodology, and to compare the prominent platform alternatives via Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) technique. The criteria weights vary depending on the sustainability awareness of consumers, and on the generation gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent transportation systems use parameters such as traffic flow, density and speed to manage city traffic. This paper presents a novel prediction model for traffic speed prediction consisting of nine stages. In the presented model, real vehicle data were passed through data filtering and map matching processes, density-based clusters were created, cluster features were generated, instant traffic state was displayed, and traffic speed prediction was performed using with the artificial neural network RNN model. In previous studies, while traffic speed prediction can be performed on a specific road with stationary data sources or on different days with distributed GPS records, in the developed model, characteristics of the interested road are created by obtaining density-based vehicle cluster features, short-term and data-driven speed prediction is made within the changeable structure of traffic. Speed prediction was tested on Eskisehir and Istanbul roads belonging to Ankara province, the error rates were determined for speed prediction using the RNN variant LSTM and GRU methods, Eskisehir road LSTM-GRU error rates were measured as 8,595-8,656 and İstanbul road error rates as 7,331-7,955, respectively. The developed model for the changeable nature of traffic has yielded successful results in near real time. It is considered that the proposed model will offer different and new solutions in the prediction of traffic parameters, accelerate the processes and assist to the users more accurate and faster services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper demonstrates the determination of the fracture parameters of concretes included recycled aggregate (RA) and silica fume (SF) and the crack pattern of a reinforced concrete beam. The parameters of fracture for conventional concrete (NAC) and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) are calculated and a comparative study is con ducted. Double-K fracture model (DKFM) is considered in this paper and the required parameters for DKFM are obtained from fictitious crack model simulated using finite element method (FEM) in Abaqus (i.e., crack mouth openning (CMOD)). In the simulation parts geometric nonlinearity and material nonlinearity is considered and the parameters of materials for modelling applications depends on the experiments. The fracture parameters are calculated after obtaining the FEM model analysises. The implemented study of fracture behaviour of the conventional and recycled aggregate concretes with and without SF and RA reveals that the conventional concrete fracture models (double-K fracture model) could be used to determine the fracture parameters and fracture behaviour of RAC and both SF and RA use in concrete has an effect on fracture properties is found. Moreover, crack pattern of a reinforced concrete beam with and without RA and SF is investigated. According to the results, number of cracks decrease but the depth of cracks increase and initial cracking thoughness increases if both RA and SF are usedat various ratios in the concretes. Although RA inclusion in concretes decreases the rigidity of the beam, approximately equal elastic bearing capacity of the beam is found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Make-up exam is an exam attended by students who fail the course at the end of midterm and general exams and are administered by many universities in our country. Although it is assumed that the students who fail the course will participate in these exams, some of the students may be affected by various internal (low midterm grade, desire to take the course again, need to take a vacation, etc.) and external motivations (distance between hometown and university, financial difficulties, etc.) does not take the make-up exams. Processes such as exam schedules, appointment of invigilators, copy of exam papers and toner, which are made by assuming that all students will take the exam, have caused tangible wastes. In this study, an extreme learning machine-based approach has been proposed in order to determine whether the students who they are expected to join the make-up exam will participate in the make-up exam. In the proposed approach, more than one extreme learning machine have been trained by using samples at a certain rate of the dataset, and the classification have been made with a voting-based approach in the testing phase. Furthermore, the ELM structures those join the voting, have been optimized by artificial bee colony algorithm. The training and testing of the proposed method have been conducted on 10 courses datasets. In the experimental studies, the performance of the extreme learning machine and the proposed method have been compared separately for each dataset, and it is seen that the performance of the proposed method is higher than the basic extreme learning machine in terms of classification accurac. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although sufficient amounts of wheat are produced in Turkey, which ranks first in the world in terms of flour export, wheat imports negatively affect the sector. In general, farmers in Turkey produce in small quantities in small production area, and deliver their products with small capacity vehicles and multiple trips. Purchased wheat is classified according to quality characteristics in collection silos, and wheat purchase is limited by harvest period. On the other hand, shipments to the factory from collection silos can be made all year around. In this paper, a 0-1 mixed integer programming formulation for wheat supply network design is proposed to supply sufficient wheat with the desired quality and lowest cost. The proposed formulation uses vehicles with different capacities and reduces the number of trips by choosing the appropriate vehicle for the load amount. In addition to the road, the formulation also considers the rail option. In its current form, the considered problem is described as a wheat supply network design problem with capacity-constraint multi-period multi-stage multi-modal multi-product. The proposed formulation has been tested using real data in a wheat flour factory operating in Konya. The formulation, which was run for three different scenarios of the company, provided sufficient and desired quality wheat by optimizing transportation costs. Computational results recommend the rail transport option in some regions. The results of the formulation are thought to be of a nature that guides the company's tactical and strategic plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important variants of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is the Minimum Latency Problem (LP). In the LP, the purpose is to find a Hamiltonian path or tour starting from the origin while minimizing the total latency (waiting time or delay time) of all customers. The latency of a customer is defined as the time passed from the beginning of the tour (or path) until the completing the service for that customer. Multiple LP with time windows (kLPTW) finds k tours or paths, each starting at the depot and visiting the nodes within their earliest and latest time (time windows) while minimizing total latency. If travel times between nodes do not depend on the traveler, it is named as homogeneous kLPTW, if travel times between nodes depend on the traveler, it is named as heterogeneous kLPTW. As far as we are aware, there is only one formulation for homogeneous and one formulation for heterogeneous case. In this paper, we proposed a new formulation for homogeneous and a new formulation for heterogeneous case with polynomial number of decision variables and constraints. Then, we solved benchmark instances with our formulations and existing formulations with different number of travelers. We compared the formulations in terms of CPU times and percentage deviation of linear programming relaxation values from the best values. We observed that, our formulations are superior than the existing formulations for all the problems for both kLPTW types with respect to each performance criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waterproofing applications in buildings cause environmental impacts due to energy and resource consumption in the production and construction processes of materials. Considering tons of waterproofing materials are applied every year, it is clear that their possible environmental impacts besides physical, chemical, etc. performance characteristics of these materials should also be evaluated. In the article, the production and construction process environmental impacts of the waterproofing systems commonly applied to conventional and inverted flat roofs in Turkey are investigated by life cycle assessment method. The environmental impact analyses of the applications determined for conventional and inverted flat roofs are carried out with SimaPro simulation program, which analyzes life cycle of products and services. According to the results obtained; the total environmental impacts during the production and construction processes are the highest for the mechanically fastened PVC based waterproofing system in conventional flat roof while they are the lowest for the bitumen based liquid waterproofing system in the inverted flat roof. The research results will help architects and engineers preferring waterproofing applications with low environmental impact. Additionally, the paper will also be a guide for future studies where different applications to be carried out in other building subsystems will be investigated environmentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to detect the faults of induction motors in an accurate manner due to their widespread use in industrial production processes. Broken rotor bars and eccentricity faults are the common faults of induction motor. The simultaneous occurrence of these two types of faults is often encountered in industrial facilities. Therefore, it is important to properly detect characteristic harmonic components of these types of faults. It is difficult to detect these components at low loading and noisy conditions. In this paper, the simultaneous broken rotor bars and static eccentricity faults are investigated based on the stator current and vibration signals. Hilbert envelope analysis was applied to the stator current and vibration signals under four different loading levels (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of induction motor. The frequencies and amplitudes of characteristic harmonic components have been successfully detected in envelope spectrum. The results show that the proposed method can be used to diagnose the simultaneous broken rotor bars and eccentricity faults of induction motors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical infrastructures are so vital for a country that their destruction or incapacity with war, terrorist attack and natural disasters may have irrecoverable effects on security systems together with other social, economic, and public systems. The protection of these facilities is one of the important problems. This study is one of the facility protection problems to determine which facilities will be protected to ensure the uninterrupted demand of a critical zone. Different attack types and counter defense types, which were ignored in previous studies, were taken into account in this study. Disrupting the supply-demand balance for critical systems with limited resources is also included in the model. This paper presents two new mathematical models for the defense of critical infrastructure systems. The contribution of our models is considering different types of attacks and defense options and disrupting the supply-demand balance. The first model is ReIMF and considers different attack and defense types. The second model is SD - ReIMF and considers supply-balance disruption. Both models are based on RIMF (r-interdiction median problem with fortification) model in the literature. Due to security reasons, it is not possible to find real data to apply the methodology to a real system in our case, therefore we developed a toy problem to solve the models proposed and discussed the results. ReIMF model offers solution for problems with unlimited capacity and model SD - ReIMF offers a solution to problems with limited capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software size measurement and effort estimation methodologies in use today usually take the detailed requirements of software to be developed as the primary input and a certain amount of time and expertise is needed for size measurement. This paper analyzes the open source projects'correlations between the problem domain measures (the number of nouns and verbs) and solution domain measures (the number of software classes and methods). In this paper, 27 open source software projects are analyzed. Linear regression and cross validation techniques are applied to investigate the relation between the sizes of problem domain (i.e., conceptual) and solution domain (i.e., design) measures. The results reveal a strong correlation between the problem domain measures and the solution domain measures constituting the corresponding software. The results suggest that it is possible to use problem domain descriptions in the early stages of software development projects to make plausible predictions for the size and effort of the software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy storage technologies (EST) will have an important position in combination of renewable energy sources (RES) in modern electrical power systems and smart grid. EST can provide more balancing and flexibility to the power system, providing incorporation of intermittent RES to the smart grid. Energy storage technologies have a critical function to provide ancillary services in the generation mode for smart grid. This paper gives a short overview of the current energy storage technologies and their applications available and the opportunities and challenges the power systems faces for successful integration of RES to smart grid. This paper also discusses different types of EST experimentally tested in smart grid environment such as electrochemical batteries and ultra-capacitor energy storage systems. This paper is concluded by giving some important experimental results, recommendations and suggestions to whom, which are studying on different energy storage applications including battery and ultra-capacitors in the smart grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web sites constitute the interface where e-businesses interact with their customers. Therefore, the quality of company web sites is instrumental for customer satisfaction. This paper proposes a solution to the problem of quality performance evaluation for web sites in the logistics industry. There exists no standard, widely accepted structure for analyzing the quality and performance of corporate web pages. On the other hand, a standardized evaluation method can help quickly compare and identify successfull web sites. For this purpose, an integrated approach based on Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) and fuzzy logic is introduced in this paper, which aims to more effectively assess the quality of logictics firms' web sites. In the first part, web site evaluation criteria and their hierarchy are determined based on a detailed literature review and expert opinions. In the second part, the weights of the evaluation criteria are calculated with the fuzzy logic application of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), an MCDM technique. In the final part, the web sites of the top 15 logictics companies in Turkey are ranked in decreasing quality, using fuzzy TOPSIS method. Furthermore, in order to assess how far the criteria weights have an impact on the ranking of the web sites, a sensitivity analysis is carried out. This study can be useful to researchers to better understand web site evaluation problemtheoretically, as well as to organizations in designing better satisfying web sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disaster operations management is carried out in a chaotic environment under uncertainty and time pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to use information and communication technologies in the decision making processes. In this study, a standalone decision support system is developed for temporary-disaster-response facilities allocation for relief supplies distribution as one of the important problems in disaster operations management. The decision support system consists of three main components as its database, decision engine and user interface. It is noted that the decision support system allows decision makers to allocate temporary-disaster-response facilities under many different disaster situations by utilizing a scenario-based approach. Thus, disaster operations managers are given the opportunity to create different scenarios and analyze the results that will help them make critical decisions before and during the disaster. In the scenario definition process, in addition to taking into account different values of affected population rate and planning period, some model configurations consisting of the combinations of various problem parameters are also defined. Although it is illustrated with a specific example case in this paper, the flexibility of the system allows its users to consider other cases with different scenarios. Due to the user-friendly interface of the decision support system, reports of the results obtained for various disaster scenarios are presented to the user in an understandable way. The proposed system might be a useful tool to help decision makers in allocating temporary-disaster-response facilities for relief supplies distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the Boundary Element Method (BEM) was employed for the numerical determination of the response of flexible pavements. The material behaviour of the soil was assumed to be linear elastic. The BEM was used in the Fourier transform space (FTS). The focus of this paper is to determine the stress and deflection distributions of interior points of the elastic half space. To achieve this aim, in this study, a computer program is developed for three-dimensional elastic problems. The results of stress and deflection distributions on flexible pavements determined using boundary element formulation are compared with Boussinesq equations published in the literature. It was concluded that the results obtained from BEM and Boussinesq formula are in perfect agreement with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying trees by images of barks via Deep Learning method has a potentially useful contribution to many areas, such as revision of forests, preparation of sustainable management plans for forest resources, operations and processing of trees for paper and furniture industries, preservation of trees having vital importance to environments, definition of species and sub-species of fruits for orcharding, for amateur purposes, and entirely for handling tree sources efficiently. Even though the current progress in Deep Learning has proven to be impressive, the lack or insufficiency of datasets has limited the use of Deep Learning on identification of tree species from barks images. In order make contribution to the researches on this field, and to prove that tree identification via images of barks with high accuracy is possible, 24686 bark images of 59 tree species from different parts of Turkey has been collected within a span of a year, and the data set is used for this work. With the use of seven pre-trained convolutional neural networks, AlexNet, DenseNet201, ResNet18, ResNet50, ResNet101, VGG16, VGG19. It has been demonstrated that identification of tree species by images of barks is possible through transfer learning method. Additionally, it has been inferred that transfer learning method provides fast and accurate solutions to classification problems. Furthermore, the impact of the depth, layer, number of parameters and batch size of the networks has been analyzed. While the average accuracy of all the networks, regarding the ratio of number of images and training data, is between 93.21% and 95.89%, the average of accuracy of the two most successful networks is 99.46%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Güç sistemleri, üretim aşamasından tüketim aşamasına kadar karmaşık bir yapıdadır. Elektrik enerjisinin tüketiciye sürekli, güvenilir, kaliteli ve ekonomik olarak ulaştırılması üretim/iletim/dağıtım aşamalarında kesintisiz ve optimize edilmiş enerji akışının sağlanmasına bağlıdır. Optimum Yük Akışı (OYA) problemi jeneratörler/bara gerilimleri, kademe değiştiricileri aktif/reaktif gücü güvenli sınırlarında tutup, yakıt maliyeti ve aktif/reaktif güç kayıpları gibi parametrelerini optimize etmeyi hedefler. Bu nedenle güç sistemlerinde OYA probleminin etkili bir yöntemle optimize edilmesi önemlidir. Bu yayın, OYA problemini çözmek için yeni bir sezgisel algoritma olan İyileştirilmiş Su Çevrim Algoritması (İSÇA)'nı kullanmaktadır. Önerilen yöntem farklı amaç fonksiyonlarına sahip IEEE 30 bara güç sistemi üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Önerilen yöntemin etkinliği ve esnekliği literatürde yakın zamanda yayınlanmış diğer sezgisel yöntemlerin sayısal sonuçlarıyla karşılaştırılarak tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada İSÇA yöntemiyle IEEE 30 bara güç sistemine ait önemli sonuçlarından biri olan yakıt maliyetinin sonucu 798.9021 $/s hesaplanmıştır. Bu veri, çalışmada bildirilen güncel yöntemlere ait yakıt maliyeti sonuçlarından daha iyidir. Ayrıca bu yayında sunulan yöntem gerçek bir güç sistemi olan 154 kV Güney Marmara iletim sisteminin bir kesitinin sanal modeline uygulanarak, gerçek zamanlı bir sistemde aktif güç kayıplarının azaltılmasının sağlanabileceği gösterilmiştir. Power systems are getting more complex structure from production to consumption stages. The continuous, reliable, quality and economical delivery of electrical energy to the consumer depends on ensuring uninterrupted and optimized energy flow during the production/transmission/distribution stages. Optimum Power Flow (OPF) problem goals to optimize the parameters such as fuel cost, active/reactive power losses, etc by keeping the generators/bus voltages, tap setting and active/reactive power within their secure limits. Therefore, it is important to optimize load flow in power systems with an effective method. This paper uses a recent heuristic algorithm, named as the Modified Water Cycle Algorithm (MWCA), for the OPF problem. For the purpose demonstrate the effectiveness of the recommended method, it has been analyzed on the IEEE 30 bus power system for varied object functions. The validity and flexibility of this algorithm are discussed by comparison with numerical conclusion of the many newly published heuristic methods in the literature. In this study, the result of the of fuel cost, which is important results of the IEEE 30 bus test system, is computed using MWCA as $798.9021/s. This value is best the fuel cost results of various methods reported in the study. In addition, this method, has applied to a part of the virtual model of 154 kV South Marmara transmission system to show that the active power losses of transmission system could be reduced in a realtime system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the use of computers in every field, the usage intensity of processors is increasing day by day. In order to cope with this intensity, processors need to be constantly updated and improved. Various scheduling algorithms are being developed every day in order to continuously improve and accelerate the processors and to cope with the processing intensity. The main purpose of the scheduling algorithms is to increase the efficiency of the processor. For this, the processor needs to make a planning between the pending processes. Planning can be done by giving different priorities or using different methods. In order to increase the efficiency of the processor, in this paper, existing algorithms were examined. Round Robin Algorithm was improved using Genetic Algorithm. It is aimed to find the optimum values by selecting the quantum value according to the pending processes and their parameters. When the developed new method compared with the existing standard algorithms, it is observed that the waiting time and the turnaround time were shorter than the other algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]