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Despite the increasing importance of nonionic surfactants, methods for their identification have been limited to specific groups. Accordingly, a general analytical scheme for the identification of polyoxyalkylene-type nonionic surfactants was developed, which uses qualitative tests and two paper chromatographic solvent systems. This procedure differentiates among the ethoxylates of alcohols, thioalcohols, alkyl phenol, fatty acids, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene acids, sorbitan fatty esters, fatty amides, polyoxyethylene glycols (PEG) condensates. In addition, individual members of a class can be separated and identified. The method is applicable to a variety of detergent products and to mixtures of more than one nonionic. As little as 7 mg of a nonionic surfactant are sufficient for complete characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper chromatography has been found to be a very satisfactory method for the separation of glycerine from hexitols, pentitols, tetritols, and glycols. After separation of the glycerine on paper the glycerine is eluted from the indicated zone with water. The formaldehyde, which is a product of periodic acid oxidation, is determined colorimetrically. A suggested procedure and the results of the analyses of standard glycerine and polyhydric alcohol mixtures are presented in this paper. The results indicate that the glycerine content of the mixtures (glycerine content ranging from 15% to 100% glycerine) may be determined with an average relative precision of 0.7% and with an average recovery of 101.0%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses paper electrophoresis patterns of enzymes involved in polyglucoside synthesis in oscillatoria princeps and its low temperature strains. The technique of paper partition chromatography and paper electrophoresis for the study of genetically different tissues have recently found application in the field of genetic studies. These methods should prove of considerable interest in the detection of differences between enzymes having the same properties and functions in the different species.

A rapid method of separating the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones of C to C aldehydes by descending chromatographic system has been described. Whatman No. 1 filter paper was impregnated with ethylene glycol-methanol (1∶4, v/v), and n-heptane saturated with methanol was used as a developing solvent. Complete separation was achieved in 3 hrs. It has been shown that the method can also be used for the separation of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives of ketones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an abstract of the report "Paper for Printing and Writing; Tentative Forecasts of Demand in 1955, 1960 and 1965," by the Intelligence Unit of the Economist. Presentation of the results in tables and descriptive texts for individual countries, regions, and continents; Rise expected in the total world demand for newsprint as well as other printing and writing paper; Significance of the absolute and relative variation in demand and in consumption between countries, regions, and continents.

The role of Β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate as a cofactor in the reaction catalyzed by the phosphoglucomutase for Β-glucose 1-phosphate (Β-phosphoglucomutase) has been examined in purified extracts of Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris. 1. The incubation of Β-glucose 1-[32P]phosphate with Β-phosphoglucomutase in presence of high concentrations (0.1 mM) of a commercial preparation of α-D(+)-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (prepared synthetically) yielded a labelled compound running electrophoretically and chromatographically as the sugar bisphosphate. Specificity studies with Β-phosphoglucomutase and muscle phosphoglucomutase (α-phosphoglucomutase) strongly suggest that the compound formed is Β-glucose 1,6-[32P]bisphosphate. The results would also indicate that the commercial preparation of α-D(+)-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate contains Β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate as contaminant. 2. When synthetic Β-glucose 1-phosphate preparations were purified by paper chromatography and then incubated with Β-phosphoglucomutase, no glucose 6-phosphate could be detected. On the other hand the reaction readily took place when challenged with the chromatographic fraction that runs as sugar bisphosphate. Upon analysis with etectrophoresis, chromatography and weak acid hydrolysis, and experiments with Β-phosphoglucomutase and α-phosphoglucomutase it was concluded that this compound is Β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate. 3. It was established that the natural α-D(+)-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate not only fails to sustain the reaction catalyzed by Β-phosphoglucomutase but rather inhibits the reaction when added to the whole Β-phosphoglucomutase system, it was also demonstrated that Β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate acts as inhibitor of the α-phosphoglucomutase system. 4. These results show for the first time that Β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate is an active and necessary participant in the reaction catalyzed by Β-phosphoglucomutase. The role played by Β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate in this reaction would be essentially the same as that of the α-anomer in the reaction catalyzed by α-phosphoglucomutase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the colonial monetary standard in Massachusetts in the 1600s. It discusses the establishment of a commodity standard in 1640 and the official prices of commodities in Massachusetts during the 1600s. The article details the development of the paper-money standard in 1690. It comments on the topics covered by most recent studies of the monetary system of the American colonies. The establishment of a mint in Boston in 1652 is reported. By 1737 the price of silver had risen. In 1750, the Massachusetts Assembly restored specie payments. The article also considers the objections to the continuation of paper-money issues.

This article comments on two papers which discussed the problems of insurance regulation. The patterns of insurance regulation have emerged in a desultory and disjointed fashion which do not fit into the orderly, rational structure of the academic mind. In this connection, I find the paper of Professor Belth on Insolvency in the Context of Life Insurance Regulation to be a highly theoretical discussion of rather involved technical life insurance concepts. The speculative and highly academic treatment of these life insurance issues seems a long way from the real world in which the average life insurance man lives. Whatever validity there is to Professor Belth's thesis it is a little puzzling to see it developed as part of the structure of a rational regulatory system. Essentially, Professor Belth tells us that the standards for maintaining solvency in the life insurance business result in a considerable amount of fat or surplus, which is acting as a drag on the life insurance business in its efforts to compete with other financial institutions for the savings dollars of America. In the property and casualty field, the standards for establishing and measuring solvency are frequently under attack because they are not sufficiently stringent to achieve the goals desired--namely, to prevent company failures.

Focuses on the extension of the anti-fraud protection of various securities acts to short-term investment instruments of less than nine months maturity in the U.S. Supreme Court's review of decision on Sanders v. John Nuveen & Co., Inc.; Security and Exchange Commission's interpretation of investment securities; Potential changes in securities laws.

A detailed comparison of how 334 papers in Vol. 112 of Physical Review form related groups according to two criteria of relatedness. The criteria are: (1) the Analytic Subject Index as used by the editors of the Physical Review; and (2) the method of Bibliographic Coupling. The similarities and differences between the groups thus formed are illustrated and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Procedures for qualitative and quantitative paper chromatography of lipides have been described in detail, together with some practical applications. With the monochain lipides it was found that one developing system serves universally. The long aliphatic chains essentially determine the chromatographic properties so that suitable conditions for chromatographing any lipide or lipide-like entity are predictable. For the same reason total analysis of natural mixtures cannot be done on one paper chromatogram due to superpositions. For complete analysis of natural mixtures of fatty acids it is advisable at the present time to combine paper chromatography with some other separation method. Distillation supplements best but requires gram quantities of material while paper chromatography is applicable on gamma or milligram scale. Chain-length analysis by paper chromatography and low-temperature chromatography have been introduced and are promising methods to approach a completely micro method for analyzing complex mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on the article written by psychologist James Hillman with regards to the training program at the C. J. Jung Institute in Zürich, Switzerland. Need to keep all points of agreement under constant review; Corpulency of the training problems raised by Hillman; Suggestion of a reason for the difference of the views of Hillman; Points of detail on which Hillman seems to have distorted, overlooked or altered.

The article informs that the American Standards Association (ASA) approved on February 27, 1950 the American Standard Method for Determining Residual Thiosulfate and tetrathionate in Processed Photographic Papers sponsored by the Optical Society of America. The ASA classification is Z38.8.25-1950, and the UDC 77.023. The Standard contained in an eight page leaflet may be secured from the American Standards Association Inc., 70 East 45th Street, New York 17, New York, at a cost of $0.35 (thirty-five cents). From the same source a free list of all standards approved to date, including 142 dealing with photography, is available.

The article reports on the prize being offered by the Luigi Sturzo Institute for a paper on sociology which constitutes an effective contribution to this field of study both from the point of view of serious research and maturity of thought. The topic of the essay would be the methodological problems and criteria of sociology in the first half of the twentieth century. The prize for the winning paper is 4 million Italian lire and will be published at the expense of the institute.

The article reports on the paper, "Audit Recommendations and Management Auditing: A Case Study and Some Remarks," by Neil C. Churchill and empirical research of the audit process. The author feels that there are generalizations in Churchill's paper that came outside of the empirical research he did. Also, the samples used to generate a description of general auditing were so limited that the definition of auditing is not as general as it was intended to be. Churchill bases his study on an internal auditing situation rather than an independent audit which presents a rather substantial difference.

Several behavioral scientists have contributed to special issues of the "Decision Science" journal. K. MacCrimmon and J. Siu tackled the significant problem of modeling and measuring and individual decision maker's inevitable trade-offs. The authors find that the choice mode consistently exceeds the equivalence mode in its predictive accuracy. R. Duncan's paper examined possible determinants of the structure of decision units within organization. A. Delbecq studied contextual variables affecting decision making in program planning. Lastly, V. Vroom and A. Jago wrote a paper about decision making as a social process.

This section presents abstracts of research papers presented at the 1963 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology.

This article reports that the members and friends of the American Society of Criminology desiring to present scholarly papers at the 1964 annual meeting of the Society in Montreal, Canada should let their intentions be known no later than May 15, 1964.

The article presents a study on "The Channel Tunnel Project" by the Department of the Environment which aims to encourage the forms of cross-channel link as alternatives to a railway tunnel. The tunnel expects to perform in transporting cars and lorries between Folkestone and Calais, and running for ordinary trains. It also helps air and lorry transport to burgeon which protected by the absence of an effective rail alternative.

This article presents information on the Langton Papers that are a collection of letters written during the years 1831 to 1838 to Joseph Langton, manager of the Bank of Liverpool. Apart from highlighting the views of a leading banker on some of the monetary problems of the 1830s, the Langton Papers reveal a rift in the management of the Bank of England. They expose the dangers in the use of such phrases as "the Palmer regime" when referring to this period. About half of the Bank directors did not agree with scholar J.H. Palmer's views as to the extent of the Bank's responsibilities during an internal pressure. Given the lack of uniformity amongst contemporary economic theorists, these differences are what one would expect. Scholar George Carr Glyn's proposed solution meant a fundamental change in the structure of the Court and its relationship to the government. As Bank directors, his parliamentary commissioners were to represent and safeguard the public interest: a theme, albeit in a different form, to be discussed again in the 1860s. But this solution could only be useful in the context of a generally accepted meaning to the term public interest when applied to monetary policy. A third point worthy of note is that, in conducting their policy towards the American trade, the Bank directors were conscious of the crisis conditions that policy was sure to produce on both sides of the Atlantic, even though it was carried through by only a bare majority.