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Facets of human behavior deserve the serious consideration of man more than the re-evaluation of our moral codes and the development of a sound, functional, ethical orientation regarding sex. Because human beings have sex impulses, society has found it necessary to order and regulate sex activities and relations, and therefore every cultural group has established some set of rules and patterns to which its members were expected to conform. Some of the traditional attitudes and beliefs about sex have focused upon the negative view that sex was unclean--something to be denied and rejected. The church and state took upon themselves the responsibility of establishing regulations and attempted to enforce adherence to these regulations in order to preserve the values of the society or group. The double standard in premarital sexual intercourse has been increasingly questioned and criticized in modern United States. There are those who believe in and observe a single standard of chastity, and an apparently increasing number who are accepting premarital coitus for both male and female.

Focuses on the rebellion against the pulp and paper industry union and the formation of the Association of Western Pulp and Paper Workers (AWPPW) in the United States. Background of the rebellion; Change in union acts; Causes of the rebellion; AWPPW struggle for survival after winning the representation election; First contract of the AWPPW; First constitutional convention.

The article presents abstracts of papers presented to the seventh annual meeting of the Association for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep (APSS). The seventh annual meeting of the APSS was held at the Miramar Hotel, Santa Monica, California in April 1967. APSS was founded in 1961 for the purpose of promoting both formal and informal exchange of information among workers from various disciplines with a common interest in the psychophysiology of sleep.

The article discusses the mechanical methods of enlargement production and related processes in use at the U.S. Library of Congress. The production speed, which has been initiated by the continuous enlargers just described with their continuous rolls of sensitized paper in place of the cut sheets used in the past, is maintained in the next step, the automatic processing of the exposed paper. An important feature of these film processors consists of a continuous replenishment apparatus which maintains all the processing solutions at constant strength regardless of the footage of paper that passes through the solutions.

The article explores the Affair of the Pentagon Papers concerning the "dead issue" of the Vietnam War. It asserted that the Papers bear reach evidence that parts of the Department of Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) felt that economic and political pressures at home were preventing the U.S. government from taking the steps that were physically within its powers, to smash the rising Vietnamese resistance. It stated that the writing of an internal history of the war could expose the foolishness of the State Department and the uniformed military while avoiding any head-on attack upon existing policy.

Focuses on the extension of the anti-fraud protection of various securities acts to short-term investment instruments of less than nine months maturity in the U.S. Supreme Court's review of decision on Sanders v. John Nuveen & Co., Inc.; Security and Exchange Commission's interpretation of investment securities; Potential changes in securities laws.

This section presents abstracts of research papers presented at the 1963 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology.

This article reports that the members and friends of the American Society of Criminology desiring to present scholarly papers at the 1964 annual meeting of the Society in Montreal, Canada should let their intentions be known no later than May 15, 1964.

The article presents a brief outline of papers presented at the thirteenth annual meeting of The Society for Psychophysiological Research that was held between October 25 and 28, 1973 at the Galvez Hotel and Motel in Galveston, Texas. Members of the program committee were professors Peter J. Lang, Hiram E. Fitzgerald and David T. Graham. Some of these papers include "Heart Rate Variability and Heart Rate Conditioning in Human Newborns," by L.E. Stamps, "Habituation and Dishabituation of Cardiac Orienting in Human Newborns," by C.D. Adkinson and W.K. Berg and "Developing Changes in Response Recovery," by E. Scott and M. Lewis.

The article presents comments on the future of private pensions in the U.S. The large overall amount of 7 billion dollar net annual increase in private plan assets and the 12.5 billion dollars for all plants should be put into perspective. Improvements in private plan are not alternatives to revamp the public program. The comments on the maximum tax base by the Advisory Council on Social Security should be observed in establishing historical perspective. There is a disagreement on the proposals to broaden the tax base beyond that of the payroll tax.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the twelfth annual meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, which was held at the Hotel Sheraton-Plaza in Boston, Massachusetts on November 9-12, 1972. The paper presented by J.C. Jackson and F.K. Graham of the University of Wisconsin cites threshold intensity effects on two orienting response components. Sokolovian theory suggests that the orienting response should be large near psychophysical threshold, fall to a minimum around 10-20 decibels and then rise again until it is depressed by competition with the defense reflex.

The article presents abstracts of papers presented at the tenth annual meeting of Society for Psychophysiological Research, which was held at Roosevelt Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana, from November 19-22, 1970. Some abstracts of papers that were presented at the meeting are "Response Imperativeness and the Cardiac Wave-Form During the Preparation of a Motor and "Mental" Reaction Response," by Gary E. Schwartz and J. Higgins and "Respiration and Heart Rate Indices of Reaction Time," by Stephen W. Porges.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the seventh annual meeting of Society for Psychophysiological Research held at the Vacation Village Hotel in San Diego, California from October 19-22, 1967. One of the papers explored monocular visual evoked potentials as an index of maturity of human neonates. Another paper focused on habituation differences to tactile stimulation for waking and sleeping infants. In this paper the role of state in determining a psychological or physiological response is not disputed.

The article addresses the democratization of money. The author equates the economic importance of the use of checks or deposit currency with the ability to physically distribute goods through railways. The author considers government intervention into the regulation of deposit currency, as it is beginning to replace the use of currency and coins, which are provided to the public free of charge. The author argues against the criticism that this is a socialization of the banking system by stating that this subsidy would take the place of the costs of generating paper currency and coins, and would strengthen the banking system by the increase in individual bank business.

Comments on the comparison of the rates of return earned in the property and liability insurance industry with the returns earned in other sectors of the U.S. economy. Basis in the existence of difficulties in the measurement of the rate of return; Consideration of the totality of the profits in a firm or industry's rate of return; Appropriateness of excluding from the denominator the assets offset by current liabilities.

The article examines the doctorate programs in science education of the U.S. According to the author, the Association for the Education of Teachers in Sciences (AETS) should establish some statement of minimal standards for the doctorate programs. Procedures for approval and disapproval of the standards should also be devised by the association. In science education, doctorate program graduates can be employed in several tasks such as department heads, test development heads and advisory services overseas. A committee can also be establish by the AETS to investigate and clarify the diversity of the doctorates in field of science education.

The article reports on conversion clause in the United States. American monetary history is full of strange happenings and queer events beginning with the resolution of Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1690 explaining the issue of the first paper money. It referred to "the sundry considerable debts" which had been contracted "for maintaining their Majesties" interests against hostile invasions of their French and Indian enemies," the actual fact being that the colony had sent an expedition against Quebec in the expectation that plunder would pay the costs thereof. It is true that the highest prices at which the five-twenty bonds sold on the New York market never exceeded 14 points above par in 1864 and 12 points above in 1865, whereas at the same time the premiums on gold were in the ranges 77-85 and 98-105, respectively. In the years following the war the gap between the premium on the bonds and on gold steadily narrowed. By late 1869 the gap had disappeared and from 1870 on the advantage clearly lay with the bonds, their market premium over par persistently exceeding the gold premium. Senator John Sherman pointed out on the floor of the Senate, March 6, 1876, that even the government's 5 per cent bonds had been "at par with gold for the past five years" while the greenbacks had been "from 6 to 22 per cent below gold."

This article attempts to measure the scientific productivity in terms of number of papers published in journals by authors in the field of information science, compared to the publication pattern for science in general. Information science has been defined by the American Society for Information Science as the science that investigates the properties and behavior of information, the forces governing the flow of information, and the means of processing information, for optimum accessibility and usability. According to this definition, information science emerges as an umbrella-like discipline. If the basic professional society in this discipline is considered to be the American Society for Information Science, then its prime indexing journal may be considered to be "Information Science Abstracts," and its prime review vehicle may be the "Annual Review of Information Science and Technology."

The article discusses the paper "The Visibility of the Auditor's Disclosure of Deviance From APB Opinion: An Empirical Test," by Charles R. Purdy, Jay M. Smith and Jack Gray, that appears in the December 1, 1969 issue of the "Journal of Accounting Research." "Disclosure of Departures From Opinions of Accounting Principles Board," a bulletin issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants in October 1964 where they were supported by substantial authoritative support, be disclosed in the auditor's opinion, or in a footnote to the financial statements, at the auditor's option. The author says that Purdy and coauthors' paper is concerned with the equivalence of these two methods of disclosure in terms of their visibility and impact on various classes of users.

The authors respond to comments by Professor Eugene Carter concerning their paper "A Simultaneous Equation Approach to Financial Planning." They state that while matrix inversions are utilized in solving linear simultaneous equations, their own model utilizes nonlinearities that prevent the use of a straight-forward matrix inversion technique. They suggest their own model does a more effective job of portraying financial decision making than other models. They comment on the accuracy of projections for Sears-Roebuck and mention a discussion about if the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission should permit or require projections in equity prospecti, considering the method for making financial projections is well-developed.

The article comments on the papers "The Changing Role of U.S. Banks in International Financing," by George H. Chittenden, "The International Money Market: Structure, Scope and Instruments," by Fred H. Klopstock, and "The Integration of European Capital Markets," by Oscar L. Altman, all published within the issue. The author looks at changes occurring in European capital markets, international money markets, and commercial bank lending. The movement toward better organized markets for long-term capital in Western Europe is discussed.

The article discusses the important contribution that non-financial institutions make to money markets. The article focuses on the short-term investment practices of non-financial corporations, and outlines any changes in these practices since 1939. The article explains that, because of the significant increase in money-market investment, these investments can have a real impact on the growth of various sectors. The article addresses the determinants of types of securities held by non-financial corporations and trends in corporate short-term investment practices. The author notes that corporate portfolio managers have significant cash for investment, and market growth is evident by the number of companies selling commercial paper directly and sales changes in commercial paper houses.

A discussion of several conference papers that examined monetary policy is presented. The author notes that one of the papers offered a clear argument on the role of monetary policy in international finance. The author also explores the idea of flexible exchange rates and the problems that inflation may present. The author proposes that a deflation of income would actually solve many of the economic problems the U.S. is facing in the postwar period.

The article comments on the services offered by the Association for the Education of Teachers in Science (AETS) in the U.S. According to the author, the AETS should propose and publicize standards for the training of science educators in the country. He believes that graduate students can benefit from interaction with individuals in other areas of education. A standard level of preparation and a superior category must be developed in science education. Recruitment and the depth of training required are the usual problems that occur in the preparation of a science educator.

The article focuses on the changing pattern of the newspaper publishing industry. The newspaper supplies the average American with entertainment and information, and helps him to buy intelligently. The cost of newspaper publishing has risen steadily and still higher costs appear in prospect. Competing media has siphoned off advertising revenues. The number of daily newspapers has declined rather persistently since 1909 as a result of mergers and suspensions. With a strong, free press so important to the preservation of democracy, it appears of paramount importance to obtain a clear understanding of the economic problems of newspaper publishing and of the economic trends which have caused these profound changes in the industry. In general, the metropolitan newspaper has only two things to sell, namely, advertising and circulation. The principal operating expenditures of the newspaper fall into four groups labor, raw material, equipment and news and other services. Improved transportation has widened the competitive area of most papers, but this in turn has probably been a factor in reducing the number of papers published in the United States.

The common theme running through the three papers prepared for this session is the nature and effectiveness of the international balance-of-payments adjustment process. Klein projects the effect of exchange-rate changes on national balance-of-payments positions. Kenen assumes fixed exchange rates and simulates the effects on the U.S. balance of payments of changes in U.S. monetary and fiscal policy. Adler and Stevens analyze the relationship between foreign direct investment by U.S. firms and U.S. exports, and then use their model to simulate the effect of several kinds of policy measures (exchange-rate, tariff and tax-rate changes) on that key aspect of the adjustment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents comments of the author on the paper by William H. Beaver, "The Information Content of Annual Earnings Announcements," examining the information content of annual earnings announcements. The author states that a first minor issue concerns terminology. He explains that the following language about random samples can be improved that the expected percentages would have been 6.8 and 10.0 if a random sample were drawn from the Compustat, NYSE subpopulation. He states that while these percentages may apply to the subpopulation they clearly do not apply to any random sample drawn from it.

The interrelated model provides a useful framework for a time series econometric study of household behavior. This paper summarizes the discussion in a longer paper scheduled for publication. In addition, a suggested extension and some preliminary results are presented. The interrelated model is a generalization of the familiar partial adjustment model. That model suggests that net investment in any period closes some fixed proportion of the gap between desired and actual stock holdings. In the multi-asset generalization, net investment in each asset is determined by the disequilibrium in all other asset holdings, as well as its own disequilibrium. Therefore, the model explains the allocation of wealth among assets, and also the allocation of income to wealth holding as determined by the desired level of asset holding. The extension of the model discussed below restricts the model to the portfolio allocation problem for a given level of total wealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conference paper is presented that focuses on the pricing of new automobile financing. In his research the author uses the cost of the vehicle's credit as the finance rate and argues against the criticism that this is not a measure of pure interest and opts to use the U.S. Federal Reserve System's method for estimating the finance rate. During 1952-1962 sales finance companies competed more heavily with other financial institutions and the car manufacturers' own lenders.

This article presents a discussion on several papers that examined postwar economics in the U.S. The author discusses the government bond holdings of life insurance companies and the common stock shares purchased by colleges and universities with money from endowments. The author also discusses a paper that examined some of the philosophical forces that have shaped investment activity in the U.S. The author explores how the purchasing power theory had been applied by investors in their financial decision making. The author also discusses trends in securities prices following the end of World War II.

The article presents a conference paper in response to another paper published in this same issue titled "Cost of the Marshall Plan to the United States," by Seymour E. Harris. The author notes that Harris may not have had the advantage of reading the 240 page report containing the U.S. President Harry Truman's proposals for European recovery. The author considers the role of financial measures in economic recovery, stabilization loans, and the validity of the cost estimates of the Plan.

The article presents the author's comments on the works of sociologist Robert F. Winch regarding permanence and change in the American family. The author suggests that there may be two significant aspects of a network of extended kin in a nuclear family. One is the literality of kin contacts and other is the presence or absence of formal kin groupings.

Manuscript data and criteria for the October 1971 issue of the "Decision Sciences" are presented. Members of the editorial board are listed together with their affiliations. A table of content is also given. The editorial policy and objectives of "Decision Sciences," the official journal of the American Institute for Decision Sciences (AIDS), are discussed. AIDS is an organization committed to promoting the development and application of quantitative methodology to functional and behavioral problems or administration by providing a forum for the exchange of ideas, experience and information among those who teach in collegiate schools of business and among those who have a special interest in the development and use of quantitative methodologies. The message of the last article of Albert J. Simone as periodical editor is discussed. Simone formally turn over the editorship responsibility to Professor William S. Peters.

Comments on an article about public pressures and values affecting forest management and timber supply in the United States. Effects of the criticism made by preservationists against industrial forest landowners; Discussion on legislative issues; Problems that log export trade faces.

This paper has evaluated the empirical usefulness of six different monetary aggregates for the period 1953-I through 1971-I and the two sub periods 1953-I through 1960-IV and 1961-I through 1971-I. When alternative adjustments are made for the disturbance created by the major industrial strikes of this period, it is found that changes in the narrow money stock have a greater capacity to explain movements in two different measures of income than either changes in bank credit or four broader definitions of money. Moreover, results from estimates of two alternative reduced form systems, in which changes in income are determined by changes in two monetary variables and man-days idled by strikes, also confirm that the narrow money stock was the most empirically useful monetary aggregate from 1953-I through 1971-I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why should government intervene in the housing market? Most economists approach such a question with certain preconceptions about the functioning of private markets and the grounds for public intervention. Since this paper reflects those preconceptions, it is worth stating three of them explicitly at the outset. The first is that there is a strong general case for unregulated markets; known varieties of regulation often tend to reduce efficiency or to interfere with responsiveness to shifts in supply or demand conditions, and for these reasons tend to reduce consumer satisfaction. The second is that the presence of certain market characteristics--monopoly power and externalities are perhaps the most familiar examples--greatly weakens the case for nonintervention. The third is that the presence of special goals which conflict with market outcomes may also weaken the case for unregulated markets; intervention in the labor market through a wage subsidy, for example, is one way to achieve an income redistribution goal. Economists will therefore look for an answer to the question of why government intervention in housing first of all in special characteristics which distinguish housing from other markets, and secondly in any special goals society appears to have which relate closely to housing market outcomes. Knowledge of these special characteristics and goals will help answer not only the question of why--if at all--there should be government intervention but also the question of what forms any intervention might take. These statements suggest the outline of the present paper. The section following this introduction single out two characteristics, labeled "durability" and "neighborhood effects," which distinguish the housing market from most other markets. It defines these characteristics and discusses some of their probable effects on market behavior. The following short section singles out three goals, "equal opportunity," "output stability," and "minimum ... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, a theoretically oriented presentation, examines the social optimality of the current policy of one-hundred per cent guarantees for public agencies' debt issues. The analysis suggests and explores an alternative policy: Coordinating debt repayment with the performance of the assets underlying the debt. The limits of this alternative are analyzed under conditions of uncertainty, characterized by imperfect and expensive information. The first section of the paper will introduce the problem of socially optimal agency debt policy. The classical solution for the optimal agency behavior and its modifications, necessitated by costly imperfect information, will be the focus of the following two sections. The analysis in the next two sections will examine optimal agency policy in a state-preference world utilizing a Pareto criteria for social welfare. The final section of the paper will study the implications for agency optimality in a log utility/channel capacity information world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial models are used extensively by the staff of the Federal Reserve Board to aid in the analysis of alternative monetary policies. The purpose of this paper is not to describe these models in detail, but rather to outline the structure of the short-term models and to discuss both how they are used and some problems that we have encountered with them. Two different financial models are used at the Federal Reserve Board: a monthly model of the money market and the money market sector of our quarterly model. A third, a weekly model, has been estimated but used only to analyze special policy questions. The models are structural in the sense that they attempt to isolate demands and supplies of a set of financial assets. While the two models differ somewhat in the assets considered, they both are used to analyze the relationships between the monetary aggregates on the one hand and interest rates and reserves on the other. Any one of these three variables can be assumed exogenous for purposes of simulation. The models are also used to analyze the effects of special policy actions such as the imposition of marginal reserve requirements on CD's. The quarterly model is well known and need not be described here. For purposes of this paper, the money market sector of the model is defined to include equations for the public's demand for currency, demand deposits, savings and time deposits, and for CD's along with commercial bank demand for free reserves and their offering rates on savings and time deposits and on CD's. Rates offered on savings deposits by thrift institutions are also included. Given the volume of bank reserves, the sector determines M[sub 1], M[sub 2], the Treasury bill rate, the CD rate and the average rate offered on savings and thrift accounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents commentary from Robert Lindsay about a paper by Donald P. Jacobs and Almarin Phillips (J&P), "The Commission on Financial Structure and Regulation: Its Organization and Recommendations," which appeared in the May, 1972 issue of the "Journal of Finance." He briefly outlines his understanding of the Commission's report as reported by J&P, and then notes several questions it raises. He wonders why the Commission would permit nonbank institutions to encroach upon certain markets that are traditionally the province of banks, but not others. He is also surprised at how little the Commission's report had to say about monetary policy.

The paper is a welcome contribution to comparative economic analysis. The authors conclude that (1) general credit restraint is pervasively associated with more or less severe downturns in new construction, (2) financial stringency affects residential building disproportionately compared to other major sectors of the economy such as industrial investment, and (3) cyclical declines occur "almost regardless of prevailing institutional arrangements" for the financing of housing. Thus, the contraction of new building during tight-money periods seems to be rooted in the "nature of the beast"--the particular sensitivity of housing to changes in financial conditions. We have again learned this morning how difficult it is to specify the nature of the beast more precisely and in a form that lends itself to empirical verification. The Fisher-Siegman paper points up the unresolved issue of credit availability versus cost of funds. If this problem has so far proved to be intractable in a single country--our own--, it is compounded for comparative analysis. Professor Fair's paper stresses the failure of most U.S. housing models to separate clearly demand and supply coefficients, including the financial variables operating on the demand for housing or the supply of new construction or, for that matter, on the volume and price of existing housing offered in the market. We have still some distance to travel for a fuller understanding of the interactions between the mortgage market and the housing market, and the interactions between the mortgage market and the general capital market as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on changes in corporate accounting methods. The Internal Revenue Code of 1954 enabled business enterprises in the U.S. to use a formula of accelerated depreciation for financial statements and tax reporting purposes as opposed to the traditional straight-line depreciation. 55 U.S firms, which changed their financial statement accounting methods from accelerated depreciation (Acc) to straight-line depreciation (SL), are looked at to determine the how and why of such a decision. The financial reporting of 53 firms that switched to Acc and then returned to SL is discussed in order to consider the impact on their reported net incomes during the period in which they changed.

The purpose of this paper is to make a detailed comparison of three macroeconometric models of the U.S. economy with regard to their predictive ability and policy multiplier properties. Three models are the St. Louis Model, the Wharton Model and the M.P.S. Model. These models are constructed with different emphasis on the treatment of the monetary phenomena, depending upon the philosophy of the model builder. They may respectively be called a monetarist model, a Keynesian-type income-expenditure model, and a structural model which emphasizes the monetary structure for the stabilization policy analysis. The structure of each model is not discussed in this paper but only a brief sketch of their special features is given in the next section. The predictive performance and the policy multiplier analysis are discussed in the 3rd and 4th sections, followed by some concluding remarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many different systems to improve the domestic payments mechanism in operation or at advanced stages of planning. This paper is an attempt to identify and describe some of the important evolving mechanisms for effecting transactions within the American economy, with particular emphasis on how their adoption is likely to affect the implementation of monetary policy. Check clearing is a large and growing business in the United States. In 1971, the Federal Reserve has reported that the annual number of checks written in the United States is about 22 billion and that this number is likely to double during the current decade. No doubt similar growth rates have been experienced in the past. At the outset it is important to understand why banks are anxious to modify the existing payments mechanism. First, stock exchange brokerage houses have given banks a most discomforting view of what can happen to financial intermediaries which ignore growing transaction volumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The housing and mortgage markets have long been considered to be markets that may not always be in equilibrium, and many econometric models of the housing and mortgage markets have tried in one way or another to account for disequilibrium effects. In this paper a critique of previous models of the housing and mortgage markets is made. The main argument of the paper is that disequilibrium effects have not been accounted for in an adequate way in most models. A related argument of the paper is that many models have not captured in an adequate way the interaction between the housing and mortgage markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starleaf and Stephenson (S&S) have recently presented an interesting paper [8] whose central theme is similar to that of my book [2]. S&S argue that observed interest rates are strongly influenced by forces other than monetary policy actions and thus cannot be taken as a measure of the latter. I argued that the money stock, as well, is influenced by forces other than policy actions and that it, too, is thus an inappropriate indicator of policy actions. We both then advocated measures of monetary policy analogous to the full-employment surplus measure of fiscal policy; that is, measures that are independent of the business cycle except insofar as policymakers respond to the cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the role of the Federal Reserve to money markets and bank management regarding their reserves. The author outlines three goals: to test the applicability of a model that views bank borrowing from the Reserve's discount window as a buffer to short-run reserve flows; to examine how the price of Federal Funds is influenced by the eight large money market institutions; and to investigate the existence of structural changes in the market. Weekly data from 1960-1968 is used throughout the paper.

The article sheds light on commercial banking in the United States during the sixties. The article makes the conclusion that if the trends emerging in the late 1950s and in 1960 are not reversed by major changes in economic conditions or tax and regulatory policy, then the commercial banks will be unable to play as important a role in financing the 1960s as they have done in previous years. The article's conclusion is based on the expectation that in all years, except those of recession, bank deposits will continue to expand at a slower rate than the growth of the gross national product.

A conference paper is presented that provides information on U.S. Federal reserve policy from August 1945 to June 1948. The author investigates some of the major factors that have shaped the decisions of the central bank in the postwar period. Some of these issues include the management of the federal debt, the rise of monetary control mechanisms outside the control of the central bank and issues related to property management and the holding of government securities.

The paper comments on an article about the epidemiological distribution of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. It argues against the use of Bender-Gestalt measure as the statistical basis of the empirical findings in the article. It expresses concern that the rates of CNS dysfunction in Afro-Americans as generated by the study are almost certain to be used in racist polemics and legal briefs. The paper has the potential of doing further disservice to investigators in the area of racial studies, particularly in the sociobiopsychologic factors of behavioral dysfunction in children, and tends to strengthen the deeply felt and considered opinion of many Afro-Americans in the country that scientific studies on race tend to do them more harm than good and that they should be discontinued.