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Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this framework, experimental tests on different battery technologies, BMS and cooling systems are extremely important to extend the battery life and BEV performance (Sehil et al. [[13]]). Electrical machines and magnetic components, high-voltage voltage power converters, and battery storage systems are some basic bricks to build an effective and efficient energy conversion environment. Electrical Machines and Power Converters The electrical power conversion from renewable energy sources plays a crucial role in the development of a sustainable society. Finally, the fil rouge of every contribution in this section is oriented to investigate the power converters, electrical machines, magnetic components, and battery storage systems in actual energy conversion applications for renewable energy sources integration by a modelling approach. [Extracted from the article]

Endo-1,4-β-xylanases belonging to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) 11 family hydrolyze the β-1,4-glycosidic linkages in the xylan backbone to convert polymeric xylan into xylooligosaccharides. GH11 xylanases play an essential role in sugar metabolism and are one of the most widely used enzymes in various industries, such as pulp and paper, food and feed, biorefinery, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. pH is a crucial factor influencing the biochemical properties of GH11 xylanase and its application in bioprocessing. For the optimal pH shifting of GH11 xylanase in industrial applications, various protein engineering studies using directed evolution, rational engineering, and in silico approaches have been adopted. Here, we review the functions, structures, and engineering methods developed for the optimal pH shifting of GH11 xylanases. The various GH11 engineering techniques and key residues involved in pH shifting are discussed based on their crystal and modeled structure. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in the characterization and engineering of GH11 xylanases, providing a guide for future research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kirigami, the ancient art of paper cutting, has evolved into a design and fabrication framework to engineer multi‐functional materials and structures at vastly different scales. By slit cutting with carefully designed geometries, desirable mechanical behaviors—such as accurate shape morphing, tunable auxetics, super‐stretchability, buckling, and multistability—can be imparted to otherwise inflexible sheet materials. In addition, the kirigami sheet provides a versatile platform for embedding different electronic and responsive components, opening up avenues for building the next generations of metamaterials, sensors, and soft robotics. These promising potentials of kirigami‐based engineering have inspired vigorous research activities over the past few years, generating many academic publications. Therefore, this review aims to provide insights into the recent advance in this vibrant field. In particular, this paper offers the first comprehensive survey of unique mechanical properties induced by kirigami cutting, their underlying physical principles, and their corresponding applications. The synergies between design methodologies, mechanics modeling, advanced fabrication, and material science will continue to mature this promising discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the construction industry worldwide has shown significant interest in Building Information Modeling (BIM). This study aims to analyze the dissemination of knowledge about BIM in construction engineering applications using Main Path Analysis (MPA). The research sample comprises 3,761 papers related to BIM's application in the construction industry, sourced from the ISI Web of Science database. Initially, we investigate trends in paper publications, conduct country and journal analyses, and examine author statistics. Subsequently, we calculate traversal counts along the search path links to reveal the development trajectory of BIM. The trajectory of BIM's evolution in the construction industry can be divided into four stages as identified through the global key-route main path analysis: 1) BIM standardization; 2) Integration of completed building projects using BIM; 3) BIM applications in precast construction projects; and 4) BIM applications in land management. These findings provide a clear understanding of how BIM has been applied and evolved within the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capitalisation on and transfer of technological, engineering and scientific knowledge associated with empirical know-how is an important issue for the sustainability and development of manufacturing. Indeed, certain sectors of industry are facing the increasing ageing of the labour force, recruitment difficulties and high staff turnover, leading to a loss of knowledge and know-how. In a context of numerical and digital transition and the migration of processes to industry 4.0, one of major challenges manufacturers face today is their capacity to build intelligent platforms for acquiring, storing and transferring their know-how and knowledge. It is crucial to create new media and tools for staff training and development capable of capturing knowledge and reusing it to create a project history through expertise and data collection. This paper presents the methodology and guidelines for implementing electronic knowledge books (eK-Books), along with their uses. The eK-Book is a semantic web-based hypertext medium (channel) allowing stakeholders to capitalise on, structure and transfer knowledge by using concept maps, process maps, influence graphs, downloadable documents, web pages and hypermedia knowledge sheets. They are intended for engineers, expert or novice technicians, manufacturers, sector coordinators and plant managers, as well as trainers and learners. They are usable and manageable in all types of environments and with different levels of accessibility. This paper highlights (1) the transfer knowledge capacity of eK-Books and (2) their usability in two agri-food sectors namely (1) the cheese sector with protected designation of origin (PDO) and protected geographical indication (PGI), and (2) the butchery and cold meat sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a summary of a special issue of the journal "Materials" focused on the topic of surface engineering for wear, corrosion, and erosion prevention in metallic and ceramic materials. The special issue includes twelve scientific papers covering various aspects of the operational performance and properties of metallic and ceramic materials. The papers discuss topics such as the effects of peening treatments, corrosion resistance, tribological behavior, and wear improvement through microstructural modification and the deposition of wear-resistant coatings. The special issue received significant interest from authors and readers, leading to the announcement of a second volume on the same topic. The summary acknowledges the need for experimental data in surface engineering to understand the wear and performance of engineering materials. [Extracted from the article]

Research papers published by Chinese and Indian researchers during 1998-2007 and cited at least 100 times by end of 2009 are analysed. There were 776 papers with at least one author from India (amounting to 0.32% of all papers from India) and 2260 papers with at least one author from China (0.4% of all papers from China) that have gone on to be cited at least 100 times. We have identified prominent authors and institutions, journals used and fields of research. Although highly cited Chinese papers were cited on average less often than the highly cited papers from India, Chinese authors have been able to place their papers in high impact journals such as Nature and Science far more often than Indian authors. The Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore are the prominent Indian institutions, whereas universities in Hong Kong, Peking University, Tshing Hua University and several institutions under the Chinese Academy of Science dominate in China. In terms of citations, Chinese National Human Genome Centre Shanghai, Shanghai, tops the list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the list of reviewers focused on recognition of 2017 transactions and magazine paper.

Technological advancements have made rock engineering more data-driven, leading to increased use of machine learning (ML). While the use of ML in rock engineering has the potential to transform the industry, several methodological issues should first be addressed: (i) rock engineering's use of biased (poor quality) data, resulting in biased ML models and (ii) limited rock mass classification and characterization data. If these issues are not addressed, rock engineering risks using unreliable ML models that can have potential real-life adverse impacts. This paper aims to provide an overview of these methodological issues and demonstrate their impact on the reliability of ML models using surrogate models. To take full advantage of the benefits of ML, rock engineers should make sure that their ML models are reliable by ensuring that there are sufficient unbiased data to develop reliable ML models. In the context of this paper, the term sufficient retains a relative meaning since the amount of data that is sufficient to develop reliable a ML models depends on the problem under consideration and the application of the ML model (e.g., pre-feasibility, feasibility, design stage). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Descriptive geometry has indispensable applications in many engineering activities. A summary of these is provided in the first chapter of this paper, preceded by a brief introduction into the methods of representation and mathematical recognition related to our research area, such as projection perpendicular to a single plane, projection images created by perpendicular projection onto two mutually perpendicular image planes, but placed on one plane, including the research of curves and movements, visual representation and perception relying on a mathematical approach, and studies on toothed driving pairs and tool geometry in order to place the development presented here among them. As a result of the continuous variability of the technological environment according to various optimization aspects, the engineering activities must also be continuously adapted to the changes, for which an appropriate approach and formulation are required from the practitioners of descriptive geometry, and can even lead to improvement in the field of descriptive geometry. The imaging procedures are always based on the methods and theorems of descriptive geometry. Our aim was to examine the spatial variation in the wear of the tool edge and the machining of the components of toothed drive pairs using two cameras. Resolving contradictions in spatial geometry reconstruction research is a constant challenge, to which a possible answer in many cases is the searching for the right projection direction, and positioning cameras appropriately. A special method of enumerating the possible infinite viewpoints for the reconstruction of tool surface edge curves is presented in the second part of this paper. In the case of the monitoring the shape geometry, taking into account the interchangeability of the projection directions, i.e., the property of symmetry, all images made from two perpendicular directions were taken into account. The procedure for determining the correct directions in a mathematically exact way is also presented through examples. A new criterion was formulated for the tested tooth edge of the hob to take into account the shading of the tooth next to it. The analysis and some of the results of the Monge mapping, suitable for the solution of a mechanical engineering task to be solved in a specific technical environment, namely defining the conditions for camera placements that ensure reconstructibility are also presented. Taking physical shadowing into account, conclusions can be drawn about the degree of distortion of the machined surface from the spatial deformation of the edge curve of the tool reconstructed with correctly positioned cameras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In science and scientific research there is a wide spectre of fields and subfields which are not always strictly confined. Different classifications of sciences are also known. Numerous books have been published regarding scientific research, types of scientific papers and manners in which their results are published. This literature is very detailed and precise within international academic circles, especially the literature that relates to publishing scientific books and doctoral theses. However, there are certain dilemmas and inconsistencies which can confuse a young scientist when writing an original research article. After a brief review of issues pertinent to scientific paper writing, methodology of scientific research and type of papers, this paper shows characteristics and construction of an original research article. It shows a technique of writing a paper in all scientific fields and subfields with special emphasis on natural and engineering sciences and in accordance with international and domestic standards. Wider practical guidelines can be found in the cited literature, so they can be additionally used, if needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The X-structure has been used for vibration isolation due to its nonlinear characteristic. Here, the use of an inerter-based X-structure vibration isolator is proposed to improve the dynamic performance of the traditional X-structure vibration isolator by exploiting the mass amplification characteristic of the inerter while satisfying the lightweight design requirement. Based on the arrangement of the inerter and X-structure, transverse-mounted, series-connected and parallel-connected inerter-based X-structure vibration isolators are designed. The relevant dynamic equations for these isolators are established using the Lagrange principle, their dynamic responses are obtained using the harmonic balance method and pseudoarc-length method, and their isolation performances are evaluated by three performance indices and compared with those of the X-structure and traditional linear vibration isolators. The results show that the transverse-mounted inerter-based X-structure vibration isolator has nonlinear inertial, nonlinear conservative forcing and nonlinear stiffness characteristics and that the series-connected and parallel-connected inerter-based X-structure vibration isolators have linear inertial and nonlinear stiffness characteristics. The transverse-mounted and parallel-connected inerter-based X-structure vibration isolators have a smaller relative dynamic displacement peak, absolute dynamic displacement peak, absolute displacement transmissibility peak and resonance frequency and wider isolation frequency band than the X-structure isolator, and only the high-frequency absolute displacement transmissibility is larger for the transverse-mounted and parallel-connected inerter-based X-structure vibration isolators. A series-connected inerter-based X-structure vibration isolator can isolate a relatively low-frequency vibration because of the antiresonance frequency and thus can improve the high-frequency absolute displacement transmissibility, while the relative dynamic displacement peak, absolute dynamic displacement peak and absolute displacement transmissibility peak are larger for the series-connected inerter-based X-structure vibration isolator than for the X-structure isolator. The parallel-connected inerter-based X-structure vibration isolator exhibits the best isolation performance and the transverse-mounted inerter-based X-structure vibration isolator exhibits the best shock performance among the four X-structure and linear vibration isolators studied. In addition, the experimental prototype of the inerter-based X-structure vibration isolator is built to test its performance, the theoretical and experimental results are compared to verify the validity of the theoretical modelling. This paper verifies the benefit of introducing the inerter in the X-structure and offers a better choice for effective vibration isolation in practical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional approach to formulating building codes often is slow and labor-intensive, and may struggle to keep pace with the rapid evolution of technology and domain findings. Overcoming such challenges necessitates a methodology that streamlines the modernization of codal provisions. This paper proposes a machine learning (ML) approach to append a variety of codal provisions, including those of empirical, statistical, and theoretical natures. In this approach, a codal provision (i.e., equation) is analyzed to trace its properties (e.g., engineering intuition and causal logic). Then a ML model is tailored to preserve the same properties and satisfy a collection of similarity and performance measures until declared equivalent to the provision at hand. The resulting ML model harnesses the predictive capabilities of ML while arriving at predictions similar to the codal provision used to train the ML model, and hence it becomes possible to use in lieu of the codal expression. This approach was examined successfully for seven structural engineering phenomena contained within various building codes, including those in North America and Australia. The findings suggest that the proposed approach could lay the groundwork for implementing ML in the development of future building codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrates the effect of nitrogen doping on the surface state densities (Nss) of monolayer MoS2 and its effect on the responsivity and the response time of the photodetector. Our experimental results shows that by doping monolayer MoS2 by nitrogen, the surface state (Nss) increases thereby increasing responsivity. The mathematical model included in the paper supports the relation of photocurrent gain and its dependency on trap level which states that the increasing the trap density increases the photocurrent gain and the same is observed experimentally. The experimental results at room temperature revealed that nitrogen doped MoS2 have a high NSS of 1.63 X 1013 states/m2/eV compared to undoped MoS2 of 4.2 x 1012 states/m2/eV. The increase in Nss in turn is the cause for rise in trap states which eventually increases the value of photo responsivity from 65.12 A/W (undoped MoS2) to 606.3 A/W (nitrogen doped MoS2). The response time calculated for undoped MoS2 was 0.85 sec and for doped MoS2 was 0.35 sec. Finally, to verify the dependence of surface states on the responsivity, the surface states were varied by varying temperature and it was observed that upon increment in temperature, the surface states decreases which causes the responsivity values also to decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex systems are difficult to manage, operate and maintain. This is why we see teams of highly specialised engineers in industries such as aerospace, nuclear and subsurface. Condition based monitoring is also employed to maximise the efficiency of extensive maintenance programmes instead of using periodic maintenance. A level of automation is often required in such complex engineering platforms in order to effectively and safely manage them. Advances in Artificial Intelligence related technologies have offered greater levels of automation but this potentially pivots the weight of decision making away from the operator to the machine. Implementing AI or complex algorithms into a platform can mean that the Operators' control over the system is diminished or removed altogether. For example, in the Boeing 737 Air Max Disaster, AI had been added to a platform and removed the operators' control of the system. This meant that the operator could not then move outside the extremely reserved, algorithm defined, "envelope" of operation. This paper analyses the challenges of AI driven condition based monitoring where there is a potential to see similar consequences to those seen in control engineering. As the future of society becomes more about algorithm driven technology, it is prudent to ask, not only whether we should implement AI into complex systems, but how this can be achieved ethically and safely in order to reduce risk to life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large number of post-tensioned concrete bridges were built in the second half of the last century. They have often been insufficiently maintained during their lifetime (usually around 50 years). Nowadays, these structures exhibit significant deterioration, mainly due to leakages and also due to various other deficiencies such as a small concrete cover. Their load-bearing capacity needs to be verified. This paper focuses on estimating the load-bearing capacity calculation of existing post-tensioned concrete bridges. In the engineering practice, this is carried out using the partial factor method according to the currently valid standards (Czech standards ČSN and the Eurocodes), which often impose more stringent requirements than the original standards. The partial factor method then often leads to low load-bearing capacities. This study deals with the bridge for which a very low load-bearing capacity has been determined. For this reason, a comparative probabilistic analysis was performed, allowing for a better description of the uncertainties in the resistance and load effect variables. The probabilistic approach appears to be less conservative and yields a higher load-bearing capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is concerned with the possibilities of long-term monitoring of constructions using modern wireless sensors and systems. There are currently many constructions under long-term monitoring performed by modern sensors. The monitoring enables an assessment of the current health of the construction or it can be used to recalculate and adjust the BMI models and subsequently evaluate the static and dynamic resistance of the construction. The sensors and systems installed enable the detection of hidden defects or newly emerging failures and damage. Using the results obtained from the monitoring of the construction, it is possible to predict and carry out a timely repair or maintenance of the construction, which will ultimately decrease the financial and time-related costs, ensure greater safety and prolong its lifetime and resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to unify q-derivative/q-integrals and h-derivative/h-integrals into a single definition, called q − h -derivative/ q − h -integral. These notions are further extended on the finite interval [ a , b ] in the form of left and right q − h -derivatives and q − h -integrals. Some inequalities for q − h -integrals are studied and directly connected with well known results in diverse fields of science and engineering. The theory based on q-derivatives/q-integrals and h-derivatives/h-integrals can be unified using the q − h -derivative/ q − h -integral concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nanotube cement-based grouting materials currently mostly stay in the pure slurry research stage, and there is little research in the field of rock crack reinforcement combined with the engineering application background. Therefore, on the basis of existing research, it is important to expand the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in cement paste, and to carry out research on the reinforcement of fractured rocks in combination with the engineering background. This paper combines the actual needs of construction engineering to prepare carbon-based nanomaterials, and analyzes its impact on construction engineering in combination with experiments. Moreover, this paper analyzes the influence of carbon nanotubes on the macro-mechanical properties of cement-based materials, and studies the influence of modified carbon nanotubes on the macro-mechanical properties of cement-based materials. In addition, this paper explores the micromechanical properties of carbon nanotube cement materials at the nanometer scale. The research results verify the effectiveness of carbon-based nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reviews how empathy and its role are conceptualised in entrepreneurial and engineering literature. Our findings can then be used as a foundation for developing contextual and theoretical models of empathy for entrepreneurial engineering. These models will help create teaching practices and approaches to prepare empathic entrepreneurial engineers. The study deployed a systematic literature review of 40 papers from engineering and entrepreneurship fields, obtained from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The analysis involved three phases. First, a descriptive analysis of research on empathy in entrepreneurship and engineering was completed, followed by a content analysis focusing on definitions and the role of the empathy phenomenon and a co-citation analysis to identify commonly cited authors. The results of this literature review demonstrate different indicators that reflect the current state of empathy research and study trajectories of this phenomenon in the fields of engineering and entrepreneurship. These indicators include the number of papers related to empathy in engineering and entrepreneurship literature by year of publication, definitions of empathy and keywords used in analysed literature as well as list of authors and their area of interests within empathy research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) together accounted for about 17.3% of total research papers in science and engineering published in 2011 compared to 7.6% in 1995, whereas their contribution to total doctorates produced in science and engineering in 2010 was 31.2% of the world total. India held second position in 1995 amongst BRICS countries and was behind Russia, whereas in 2011, China not only replaced Russia but also attained second position in publishing science and engineering research papers in the world, next only to USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applications of electrochemical detection methods in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) has revolutionized the area of point-of-care (POC) testing towards highly sensitive and selective quantification of various (bio)chemical analytes in a miniaturized, low-coat, rapid, and user-friendly manner. Shortly after the initiation, these relatively new modulations of μPADs, named as electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs), gained widespread popularity within the POC research community thanks to the inherent advantages of both electrochemical sensing and usage of paper as a suitable substrate for POC testing platforms. Even though general aspects of ePADs such as applications and fabrication techniques, have already been reviewed multiple times in the literature, herein, we intend to provide a critical engineering insight into the area of ePADs by focusing particularly on the practical strategies utilized to enhance their analytical performance (i.e. sensitivity), while maintaining the desired simplicity and efficiency intact. Basically, the discussed strategies are driven by considering the parameters potentially affecting the generated electrochemical signal in the ePADs. Some of these parameters include the type of filter paper, electrode fabrication methods, electrode materials, fluid flow patterns, etc. Besides, the limitations and challenges associated with the development of ePADs are discussed, and further insights and directions for future research in this field are proposed. • Parameters contributing to the performance of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) are outlined. • Strategies on paper substrate, electrode fabrication, fluid flow manipulation to enhance ePADs performance are discussed. • Strategies on device design, hyphenation of analytical procedures, and signal amplification are reviewed. • Perspectives focusing on development of new methodologies to enhance ePADs performance are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questions are used to obtain information, stimulate thinking, and redirect reasoning. Academics in higher education use questions on a daily basis to stimulate thinking and reasoning in students. Final examination papers are used by academics to assess the retention and application skills of students. The assumption, however, exists that questions relating to application skills at universities of technology should start to dominate the higher academic levels in education, with a subsequent drop in questions regarding retention skills. These questions may be categorized as either higher order or lower order questions. This article attempts to distinguish between these two types of questions in light of Bloom's taxonomy, with similar concepts such as deep and surface learning being examined. The literature review is applied to an electrical engineering module titled Electronics, which serves as the case study. The results of this study indicate that a high percentage of the final examination papers dealt with the objective "Application," where students had to make use of numerous mathematical equations to solve various unknowns. The results also indicated that academics in electronics are using more lower order than higher order questions in their final examination papers. A balance is suggested between these two types of questions for various academic levels at universities of technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is the extended version of a paper presented at the conference HMM2021, about the history of mechanical engineering. First, the initial cultural and industrial steps in the robotic field in Japan are introduced, to display the beginning of this interlaced path, before WW2; then, in the context of the aftermaths of the war, some famous anime heroes are presented as ancestors of the coming mecha anime series. The rising research in the field of robotics and more generally the developments of contemporary Japanese automation industry are then drawn, as a technological substrate for mecha conception. In particular, Masahiro Mori studies are taken into consideration to identify an actual robot design pattern to apply to the following comparative description and examination of the different mecha; finally, thanks to this analysis, the common breeding ground whence robotics and mecha (and their reciprocal influences) arise, is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The model-based robust approach is successfully applied to different industrial processes for improving their quality performance characteristics. The Robust engineering approach is implemented in cases of heteroscedasticity of the performance characteristics in presence of errors in the process parameters or noise factors, which is typical for the production processes. Higher quality and reproducibility of the quality characteristics can be achieved both for existing production processes or for technological process design at the production planning and development stages. In this paper the model-based robust engineering approach is implemented for the quality improvement of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resist profiles, obtained by electron beam lithography process. Specific technological requirements concerning the developed profile structures, their variances (reproducibility) in production conditions and robustness toward the errors in the process parameters, are considered. Different multicriteria optimization approaches were applying and compared, aiming to simultaneously fulfil the requirements for the geometric characteristics of the positive resist PMMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel and powerful population-based metaheuristic algorithm called Nizar Optimization Algorithm (NOA). This algorithm is based on two techniques. The first technique is to use effective mappings, which are divided into two types: mixing and transformation mappings. The mixing mappings return a mixed vector by replacing or shuffling the elements of two selected vectors, and the transformation mappings return the translation, dilation, or transfer of a selected vector. The second technique is to determine the effective points by using the effective mappings and individuals of the population, and then, these points are used in the learning process of NOA. To validate and demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm and its ability to balance exploration and exploitation, NOA is tested on 60 unconstrained benchmark functions and four classic constrained real-world engineering problems. The experimental results are verified by a comparative study with over 20 well-known and recently developed optimization algorithms. These results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms all other algorithms in terms of solution accuracy, convergence curve speed, statistical measurements, and computational expenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper presents the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique, and its practical application to machine learning. The objective is to address the problem of dimensional reduction or data compression. Based on an intuitive analysis, this document will help bring economists and other professionals in the social sciences closer to these ideas, which are generally alien to their discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offset boosting is a crucial passage for chaotic signal modification in chaos-based engineering. Searching an offset controller for a 3D chaotic system is usually complex, let alone two independent nonbifurcating offset constants. This paper constructs a class of chaotic systems, providing a single constant posing direct offset boosting for two dimensions. This offset boostable chaotic system regime has multiple typical control modes, including a system variable single control, synchronous common control, reverse control, and differential control. This new type of chaotic systems also finds two-dimensional offset boosting combined with amplitude control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a unified gas kinetic particle (UGKP) method is developed for radiative transfer in both absorbing and anisotropic scattering media. This numerical method is constructed based on our theoretical work on the model reduction for an anisotropic scattering system. The macroscopic solver of this method directly solves the macroscopic anisotropic diffusion equations, eliminating the need to solve higher-order moment equations. The reconstruction of macroscopic scattering source in the microscopic solver, based on the multiscale equivalent phase function we proposed in this work, has also been simplified as one single scattering process, significantly reducing the computational costs. The proposed method has also the property of asymptotic preserving. In the optically thick regime, the proposed method solves the diffusion limit equations for an anisotropic system. In the optically thin regime, the kinetic processes of photon transport are simulated. The consistency and efficiency of the proposed method have been validated by numerical tests in a wide range of flow regimes. The novel equivalent scattering source reconstruction can be used for various transport processes, and the proposed numerical scheme is widely applicable in high-energy density engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital platform technologies have brought about a new labour form in the occupation of domestic work, in which domestic cleaning work is now being managed and organised virtually through an online platform, or ‘app’, operated by private technology companies and provided to householders on a convenient and on-demand basis. This paper analyses the emerging impact of this new form of ‘platform domestic work’ in South Africa’s domestic sector using an interpretivist case study done in Cape Town on ten platform domestic workers and their platform companies. Using evidence obtained through in-depth interviews and analysis of published company discourse material, this paper argues that far from formalising and modernising domestic work through the twin forces of commercialisation and digital platform technology, the phenomenon of platform domestic work is deepening informalisation in paid domestic work as a form of insecure ‘gig work’, and also through the widespread practice of platform leakage by domestic workers on the platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ru nanoparticles (NPs) anchored on heterointerface of 1 T-MoS 2 and carbon paper (Ru@1T-MoS 2 /CFP) is designed. • The Ru 2 @MoS 2 -85 %/CFP presents superb HER performance with overpotential of 19 mV and a low Tafel slope of 29 mV dec–1. • The strong interaction between 1 T-MoS 2 and OH* makes OH* migrate from Ru to MoS 2 , alleviating the poisoning of Ru sites. • Ru NPs close to the interface of 1 T-MoS2/CFP can achieve an optimal hydrogen adsorption energy for high HER performance. Ru is considered as highly efficient Pt-free catalyst in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its fast water dissociation kinetics. However, its strong affinity to OH* and H* greatly limits its HER performance. Herein, Ru nanoparticles (NPs) anchored on the mixed substrates of MoS 2 (different 1T contents) and carbon fiber paper (Ru@MoS 2 -1T%/CFP) is designed and synthesized with three kinds of interfaces (MoS 2 /CFP, Ru/CFP, and Ru/MoS 2) as excellent electrocatalyst for HER. Particularly, the Ru 2 @MoS 2 -85%/CFP presents superb HER performance with overpotential of 19 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a low Tafel slope of 29 mV dec–1 and stability of up to 10 days, outperforming reported Ru-based catalysts and Pt/C. The experimental and DFT studies disclose that the hydroxyl migration-assisted dissociation of water and interface-engineering desorption of H 2 process, occurring at the mutually hybridized interface sites of Ru/MoS 2 /CFP, simultaneously speed Volmer/Tafel processes. Compared to Ru, the stronger interaction of 1T-MoS 2 to OH* makes OH* migrate from Ru to MoS 2 , alleviating the poisoning of Ru sites. Also, only Ru NPs close to the interface of 1T-MoS 2 /CFP can achieve an optimal hydrogen adsorption energy for high HER performance. This designed strategy provides a novel idea for preparing supported Ru catalysts for excellent HER performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a controlled experiment carried out to investigate the differences between novices and experts during the review of papers for engineering journals. A total of 17 young faculty members with PhD degrees were given instruction on the peer review process, and then had to review a short paper, for which the actual reviews were available. The quality of the reviews was assessed using criteria developed by editors of medical journals. The evidence obtained from this study helps to identify the critical areas in which reviewers fail to perform a good review, and then to develop strategies to overcome such limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Box's paper helicopter has been used to teach experimental design for more than a decade. It is simple, inexpensive, and provides real data for an involved, multifactor experiment. Unfortunately it can also further an all-too-common practice that Professor Box himself has repeatedly cautioned against, namely ignoring the fundamental science while rushing to solve problems that may not be sufficiently understood. Often this slighting of the science so as to get on with the statistics is justified by referring to Box's oft-quoted maxim that "All models are wrong, however some are useful." Nevertheless, what is equally true, to paraphrase both Professor Box and George Orwell, is that "All models are wrong, but some are more wrong than others." To experiment effectively it is necessary to understand the relevant science so as to distinguish between what is usefully wrong, and what is dangerously wrong. This article presents an improved analysis of Box's helicopter problem relying on statistical and engineering knowledge and shows that this leads to an enhanced paper helicopter, requiring fewer experimental trails and achieving superior performance. In fact, of the 20 experimental trials run for validation–10 each of the proposed aerodynamic design and the conventional full factorial optimum–the longest 10 flight times all belong to the aerodynamic optimum, while the shortest 10 all belong to the conventional full factorial optimum. I further discuss how ancillary engineering knowledge can be incorporated into thinking about–and teaching–experimental design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The German engineer H.A. Janssen gave one of the first accounts of the often peculiar behavior of granular material in a paper published in German in 1895. From simple experiments with corn he inferred the saturation of pressure with height in a granular system. Subsequently, Janssen derived the equivalent of the barometric formula for granular material from the main assumption that the walls carry part of the weight. The following is a translation of this article. The wording is chosen as close as possible to the original. While drawings are copied from the original, figures displaying data are redone for better readability. The translation is complemented by some bibliographical notes and an assessment of earlier work, wherein Hagen predicted the saturation of pressure with depth in 1852, and Huber-Burnand demonstrated that saturation qualitatively as early as in 1829. We conclude with a brief discussion of more recent developments resting on Janssen's work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigated the applicability of ChatGPT AI in electronics research and development via a case study of applied sensors in embedded electronic systems, a topic that is rarely mentioned in the recent literature, thus providing new insight for professionals and academics. The initial electronics-development tasks of a smart home project were prompted to the ChatGPT system to find out its capabilities and limitations. We wanted to obtain detailed information on the central processing controller units and the actual sensors usable for the specific project, their specifications and recommendations on the hardware and software design flow additionally. Furthermore, an extensive literature survey was requested to see if the bot could offer scientific papers covering the given topic. It was found that the ChatGPT responded with proper recommendations on controllers. However, the suggested sensor units, the hardware and software design were only partially acceptable, with occasional errors in specifications and generated code. The results of the literature survey showed that non-acceptable, fabricated citations (fake authors list, title, journal details and DOI—Digital Object identifier) were presented by the bot. The paper provides a detailed qualitative analysis, a performance analysis and critical discussion of the aforementioned aspects while providing the query set, the generated answers and codes as supplied data with the goal to give added value to electronics researchers and developers if trying to reach out for the tools in their profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing the effect of unwanted vibrations is an important topic in many engineering applications. In this paper we describe some recent developments in the area of passive vibration mitigation. This is based on a new device called the inerter which can be exploited in a range of different contexts. In this paper we consider two recent examples; (i) where a flywheel inerter is combined with a hysteretic damper, and (ii) in which a pivoted bar inerter is developed for a machining application. In both cases, experimental test results show that the devices can outperform existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A light-weight UAV formation control algorithm based on inner and outer loop control is proposed. • An improving ADRC based on prescribed-time extended state observer and broad learning is proposed. • The broad learning is used to dynamically optimize the weights according to the different wind disturbances. Considering that the formation composed of light-weight UAVs is highly susceptible to the interference, which may from the changes in the external environment and the uncertainty of system, a formation control method based on the inner and outer loops is proposed. In the inner loop, the single UAV stable flight can be achieved via controlling the state variables of UAV angles. In the outer loop, we can achieve multi-UAVs cooperative flight through the leader-follower strategy. In this paper, we mainly focus on the stability control of each member UAV, which is the basic composition of formation control. For this purpose, an optimized active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is proposed which combined an improved prescribed-time extended state observer (PTESO) and weight optimization module based on broad learning. In this way, the single UAV can dynamically adjust the control weights according to different wind degrees, so that the influence of environmental changes on the control system is reduced. Then, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed formation control methods are verified by simulations. The stability enhancement control method proposed in this paper provides a new and effective theoretical support for the actual control of the light-weight UAV formation, which has a well engineering application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IEEE Transactions on Reliability is the premiere technical journal for reliability and related disciplines. We strive to continue this reputation, so we continue to discover what makes journals great. We have discovered that IEEE journals work to have the qualities readers and authors would like to expect. Correctness and technical merit are important features of accepted manuscripts, with correctness rating as most important to the responding editors. Writing and solving real problems seem to be the least important features. The relative unimportance of these last two categories may be a concern, except that relative importance is not an indicator of absolute importance. However, a recent IEEE survey suggests that members place most value on more practical articles, which suggests that the relative importance of solving real problems should be high if we are to meet the needs of our members through our journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a calendar of forthcoming congresses and conventions. The 13th International Congress on Sound and Vibration will be held on July 2-6, 2006 at Vienna University of Technology in Vienna, Austria. The 16th European Conference of Fracture will be held on July 3-7, 2006 in Alexandroupolis, Greece. The 8th Biennial ASME Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis is scheduled on July 4-7, 2006 in Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy.

Oral and maxillofacial diseases are one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, which not only seriously affect the health of patients' oral and maxillofacial tissues, but also bring serious economic and psychological burdens to patients. Therefore, oral and maxillofacial diseases require effective treatment. Traditional treatments have limited effects. In recent years, nature exosomes have attracted increasing attention due to their ability to diagnose and treat diseases. However, the application of nature exosomes is limited due to low yield, high impurities, lack of targeting, and high cost. Engineered exosomes can be endowed with better comprehensive therapeutic properties by modifying exosomes of parent cells or directly modifying exosomes, and biomaterial loading exosomes. Compared with natural exosomes, these engineered exosomes can achieve more effective diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillary system diseases, and provide reference and guidance for clinical application. This paper reviews the engineering modification methods of exosomes and the application of engineered exosomes in oral and maxillofacial diseases and looks forward to future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)—the simplest and most common silicone compound—exemplifies the central characteristics of its class and has attracted tremendous research attention. The development of PDMS‐based materials is a vivid reflection of the modern industry. In recent years, PDMS has stood out as the material of choice for various emerging technologies. The rapid improvement in bulk modification strategies and multifunctional surfaces has enabled a whole new generation of PDMS‐based materials and devices, facilitating, and even transforming enormous applications, including flexible electronics, superwetting surfaces, soft actuators, wearable and implantable sensors, biomedicals, and autonomous robotics. This paper reviews the latest advances in the field of PDMS‐based functional materials, with a focus on the added functionality and their use as programmable materials for smart devices. Recent breakthroughs regarding instant crosslinking and additive manufacturing are featured, and exciting opportunities for future research are highlighted. This review provides a quick entrance to this rapidly evolving field and will help guide the rational design of next‐generation soft materials and devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a real application of a popular swarm-intelligence optimisation method. The aim is to analyse the efficiency of various settings of the marine predator algorithm (MPA). Four crucial numerical parameters of the MPA are statistically analysed to propose the most efficient setting for solving engineering problems. Besides population size, particle velocity parameter P, Lévy flight parameter β , and fish aggregating device (FAD) probabilities are studied. Finally, 193 various settings, including fixed values and dynamic changes of the MPA parameters, are experimentally compared when solving 13 engineering problems. Standard statistical approaches are employed to highlight significant differences in various MPA settings. The setting of two MPA parameters (P, FADs) significantly influences MPA performance. Three newly proposed MPA settings outperform the original variant significantly. The best results provide the MPA variant with the dynamic linear change of P from 0.5 to 0. These parameters influence the velocity of prey and predator individuals in all three stages of the MPA search process. Decreasing the value of P showed that decreasing the velocity of individuals during the search provides good performance. Further, lower efficiency of the MPA with higher FAD values was detected. It means that more occasional use of fish aggregating devices (FADs) can increase the solvability of engineering problems. Regarding population size, lower values ( N = 10 ) provided significantly better results compared with the higher values ( N = 500 ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For layered metamaterial devices, the reflection and transmission coefficients at an interface typically depend on the properties of the coupling between different layers. In this paper, we set out to engineer the reflection/transmission behaviour at boundaries to obtain desirable properties such as achieving total reflection and transmission. Based on the quantum graph formulation for modelling metamaterials developed in Sci. Rep. 12 (1), 18006 (2022), we tailor the interface reflection and transmission coefficients by patterning the boundary with resonant elements at each interface vertex. By tuning the internal lengths of the resonant elements, we demonstrate both minimization and maximization of the reflection coefficient via a scattering formulation. In addition, we present an interface set-up incorporating beyond-nearest-neighbour connections, which yields narrow-band transmission for certain angles only, creating an angular filtering interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finding all the roots of a nonlinear equation is an important and difficult task that arises naturally in numerous scientific and engineering applications. Sequential iterative algorithms frequently use a deflating strategy to compute all the roots of the nonlinear equation, as rounding errors have the potential to produce inaccurate results. On the other hand, simultaneous iterative parallel techniques require an accurate initial estimation of the roots to converge effectively. In this paper, we propose a new class of global neural network-based root-finding algorithms for locating real and complex polynomial roots, which exploits the ability of machine learning techniques to learn from data and make accurate predictions. The approximations computed by the neural network are used to initialize two efficient fractional Caputo-inverse simultaneous algorithms of convergence orders ς + 2 and 2 ς + 4 , respectively. The results of our numerical experiments on selected engineering applications show that the new inverse parallel fractional schemes have the potential to outperform other state-of-the-art nonlinear root-finding methods in terms of both accuracy and elapsed solution time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An adaptive system is able to adapt at runtime to dynamically changing environments and to new requirements. Adaptive systems can be single adaptive entities or collective ones that consist of several collaborating entities. Rigorous engineering requires appropriate methods and tools that help guaranteeing that an adaptive system lives up to its intended purpose. This paper introduces the special section on "Rigorous Engineering of Collective Adaptive Systems." It presents the 11 contributions of the section categorizing them into five distinct research lines: correctness by design and synthesis, computing with bio-inspired communication, new system models, machine learning, and programming and analyzing ensembles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]