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During the first decades of the 20th century, the supply of paper for the printing industries in Mexico became a problematic issue. Production difficulties, price increases and poor distribution during the monopoly of the San Rafael factory started a deep debate on the modernization and interference of the State in the paper industry. This article analyzes the transition between the private monopoly and the creation of the public company, Productora e Importadora de Papel Sociedad Anónima (PIPSA) in 1935, during the government of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940). Through parliamentary debates, press articles and ministerial reports, the questioning of the monopoly as a public policy, the birth of PIPSA and the results in its first years of operation will be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Horizonte Médico is the property of Universidad de San Martin de Porres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La transición hacia el uso del papel para la enseñanza de la escritura en las escuelas elementales públicas en México no fue sencilla. Al finalizar el siglo XIX, se había cuestionado el uso de las pizarras por el riesgo que representaban para la salud, pues muchas veces los estudiantes borraban sus escritos con saliva y el material con el que estaban fabricadas no siempre guardaba las especificaciones necesarias, además el ruido al escribir era insoportable. En cambio, el papel, desde el punto de vista higiénico, pedagógico y estético, fue considerado un material superior frente a la dureza de la pizarra, el brillo de la superficie y la poca precisión que se obtenía en el trazo de las letras. Derivado de este planteamiento, se vislumbró seriamente la posibilidad de la adopción de papel en las escuelas oficiales. Sin embargo, este material era escaso y muy caro. Hacia el cambio de siglo, sólo dos fábricas de papel podían surtir a las escuelas y era necesario que abarataran el precio, que el sistema de distribución garantizara el abastecimiento y que el suministro fuera continuo. Este artículo analiza el inicio del proceso de reconversión de una tecnología para la enseñanza como era la pizarra por el papel. Analizo el gasto que significó y cómo esta modificación fue resultado de una multiplicidad de relaciones sociales, culturales, económicas y políticas que se entrecruzaron para dar una nueva configuración del tiempo, el ruido y los valores establecidos en el salón de clases. The transition to the use of paper in public elementary schools in Mexico was not easy. At the end of the nineteenth century, the use of slates had been questioned due to the health risk they represented since students often erased their writing with saliva and the material with which the slates were made did not always meet the necessary specifications. On the other hand, paper, from a hygienic, pedagogical and aesthetic point of view, was considered a superior material compared to the hardness of the slate, the shine of the surface and the lack of precision obtained in the tracing of the letters. Derived from this approach, the possibility of changing materials in official schools was seriously envisioned. However, the paper represented a very high cost. Only two paper mills could supply the schools and it was necessary to lower the price, and guarantee the supply by enhancing the distribution system. This article analyses the beginning of the conversion process of a technology for learning to write such as the slate for paper. I analyse the expense that it meant for the authorities and families, how the change was the result of a multiplicity of social, cultural, economic and political relations that intersected to give a new configuration of time, noise and established values in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we study the particularities of editorial practice in contexts of confinement in Argentina through the systematization and analysis of five publications, already published or in the process of being published, which were formulated within the framework of pedagogical-political practices carried on by the Prisons Extension Program of the Philosophy and Literature Faculty of the University of Buenos Aires. These five cases will be addressed in order to observe what meanings guide the editorial processes through the marks imprinted on them by the specificity of the writing that summons them and the territory to which they belong. Publishing in the context of a pedagogical project developed by the university configures collective territories where writing and publications can display and carry plural voices, which are strengthened in that plurality forged in the heat of individual and collective subjectivation processes made possible by education and writing. Editorial practice is inseparably intertwined with actions aimed at defending rights, narrating lived experiences and building a collective history which are part of the desires and expectations regarding publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Electrónica Interuniversitaria De Formación del Profesorado is the property of Asociacion Universitaria de Formacion del Profesorado (AUFOP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Montes is the property of Colegio y Asociación de Ingenieros de Montes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudos Ibero-Americanos is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudos Ibero-Americanos is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Historia Contemporanea is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia y Comunicación Social is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Indias is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia Constitucional is the property of Revista Historia Constitucional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work examines the poetry collection Junín (1930) by the Peruvian author Enrique Bustamante y Ballivián (1883–1937). While a part of the Latin American avant-garde expresses a fascination with the rise of new machines in the metropolis, this article demonstrates that Bustamante y Ballivián responds to this trend by representing machinery of a different kind – extractivist machinery – in a different type of space: the Andes. The author also engages with the indigenista avant-garde poetic proposals of his Peruvian contemporaries. Unlike them, the poet does not aim to give voice to the indigenous subject, nor does he idealize or solely link it to nature. Instead, he portrays it as 'coupled' to the mineral extraction machinery. Additionally, the poet depicts this machinery as invasive, contaminating and destructive to the landscape and its inhabitants. This work argues that Junín emerges as the first poetic representation of the ecological impacts caused by large-scale mining exploitation in the Andes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the dictatorship of Francisco Franco (1939–1975) Catalan literature suffered a terrible blow, mainly in the censorship of books published in Catalan. In this period of cultural repression, the objectives and characteristics of the mission of translating foreign poetry in the Catalan-speaking regions were determined by special socio-historical circumstances. This article presents a panoramic investigation into the dissemination of Chinese poetry in Catalan culture during the Franco dictatorship. The various aspects of the investigation and the period in which it was carried out have been studied: the publications, translation and editing, the motives of Catalan translators in carrying out their work and the influence of socio-historical elements on the dissemination of the translated poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work analyses the struggles with Franco's censorship that José María Castellet had to face when he embarked on three anthology projects that were decisive in the history of post-war Spanish poetry. The particular severity with which Nueve novísimos poetas españoles (1970) was received invites us to focus on this anthology, which, with qualities that should have made it more resistant, fell foul of censorship in a way that its anthological predecessors did not. On the one hand, reflection on this paradox leads us to venture hypotheses about the dynamics of the repressive body's actions. On the other hand, a thorough analysis of the censorship dossier of Nueve novísimos allows us to draw some interesting conclusions. It is true, for example, that the elliptical diction introduced by the novísimo poets protected the anthology from a much wider purge. However, the censorship actually practised, which polished the more obvious aspects of its insurgent vocation, was enough to alter the historical reception and, by extension, the historiographical significance of a book that was stubbornly denied its subversive substance. The discovery of an unpublished composition by José María Álvarez is certainly not the least of the surprises of the archival side of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titian's work has from the sixteenth century to the present day motivated an important series of literary allusions and ekphrastic or culturalist exercises. This study addresses, in a way that is unprecedented, a critical analysis of the presence of Titian and his work in Spanish Renaissance and Baroque poetry. A considerable number of great authors (from Gutierre de Cetina to Lope de Vega and Quevedo) show Titian's influence on their works over a wide range of literary themes and techniques. Within the field of study of the ancient relationships between painting and poetry, the texts selected in this work are important because they represent a first lyrical interpretation of the brilliant Venetian painter in Spanish literature, a precedent for the rich and heterogeneous contemporary poetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1753 the Arte de la lengva metropolitana del reyno cakchiquel o gvatemalico by José Ildefonso Flores, was published. This was the most complete, detailed and rigorous grammar of the colonial era that describes the language of the Cakchiquel. For this, and like other grammatical texts from the New World, the model of Antonio de Nebrija's Introductiones latinae (c. 1488) is used, which causes many problems for Flores since there are many differences between the two languages. Despite the importance of this grammar and its interest for Missionary Linguistics, it has been the subject of only brief and partial studies and investigations, which is why an exclusively linguistic work is necessary that describes and analyses its content in detail. This work describes and analyses the structure and content of the Arte de la lengva metropolitana del reyno cakchiquel o gvatemalico , the context in which it was composed and the sources that inspired it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay studies the cultural consequences that the spread of paper money had in late nineteenth-century Brazil. First, I examine how these tensions are called into question through the analysis of a political scandal that took place in Rio de Janeiro, in 1900, concerning a two thousand reales banknote. Second, I offer a close reading of Machado de Assis' "Anedota pecuniária", a short-story included in Histórias sem data (1884). My goal is to interrogate the relation between paper money and the economy of credit work, and the narrative devices of literary fiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the eighteenth century, during the context of imperial rivalries, the circulation of information became a crucial element for success in warfare and politics. This article argues that the adaptability of postal communication systems played an essential role in military and political decision-making in a Caribbean space characterized by its dynamism and connectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Immaterial is the property of BAU, Centro Universitario de Diseno de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Paradigma is the property of Universidad Pedagogica Experimental Libertador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The work "Andalusia from Cordoba: New Contributions to Historical Andalusianism. The Córdoba Magazine (1917-1916). Study and Bibliographic Index» by Manuel Hijano del Río is an exhaustive and rigorous investigation of the Córdoba magazine published between 1916 and 1917, which played a fundamental role in disseminating the proposals of the Andalusianist movement led by Blas Infante. The author provides a comprehensive view of the magazine, its contents, and its historical context, allowing for a deep understanding of its impact on the politics and culture of Andalusia. Additionally, the work provides valuable bibliographic indexes and enriches research on historical Andalusianism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research in Education & Learning Innovation Archives (REALIA) is the property of Research in Education & Learning Innovation Archives (REALIA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research work carried out presents the objective of perfecting the design of the rotary vacuum filter from the raw material pulp of sugarcane bagasse, with a view to increasing the productivity of the Over Mechanics machine for the production of paper in the Business Unit. Basic (UEB) Cuba 9. To meet this objective, the specific theoretical methodology in pulping was used; The percentages of consistency in the inlet, mat formation and outlet streams were calculated, and the readings of the inlet streams were recorded before and after refinement, using operational technical methods and the control laboratory with its equipment intended for these purposes. The results reflect an increase in productivity of one ton per day, which translates into values such as an income derived from an increase in productivity of 8,000 pesos per month. This improvement was carried out in July 2022 and to date it has been possible for the production process to remain in operation, as suggested in this work, so the improvement can be classified as correct and applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia Contemporanea is the property of Historia Contemporania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Technological progress has caused companies to automate processes as customers seek a product and/or service that is exclusive to their needs. Therefore, the study carries out a historical-logical analysis of academic documents on the metaverse in the business field. In this sense, it describes from the evolution to the digital transformation of the metaverse that optimises resources, provides unique buying and selling experiences, promotes brands, among others. In this way, documents in English and Spanish were reviewed and indexed in the databases Google Scholar, Scopus, Springer, and others. In conclusion, the research reflects the relevance of the metaverse as a virtual, immersive, convergent and three-dimensional world for the company-user, brands and sectors that seek added value to satisfy the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo aborda el vínculo entre conocimiento y poder en el siglo XVII, destacando la revolución científica y el surgimiento de la "Nueva Ciencia". Examina cómo las autoras inglesas de esa época enfrentaron la transformación científica y su conexión con el auge del empirismo y la Royal Society.

Copyright of Ciencias Administrativas is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Contemporary artistic practices were provided with a space for reflection and the creation of opinion in the galleries of the Fundació Espais and in the pages of its art magazine, Papers d'Art. A group of independent voices of multidisciplinary artistic production was made audible thanks to this publication that provided a critique which forged dynamic connections between artistic meaning and social and cultural contexts. This paper highlights a shift in meaning of the conception of contemporary art as a key element in intellectual culture, including politics, philosophy, science and other creative formats such as music and literature. Based on an analysis of the critical awareness of the various contributors to the magazine and on the historiographic study of certain aesthetic and symbolic questions, a review of the articles published in the Studies and Research section is detailed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The excellent physical and chemical properties of Abacá and Japan papers make them one of the most used materials in restoration of cultural assets on paper. The objective of this work is to characterize the fibers that compose them and identify plant genera or species that were used in their manufacture. M&M: Fibers from samples of each paper and previously collected reference plant material were disintegrated. The diagnostic characters of the fibers were observed with a photomicroscope and photomicrographs were taken. Subsequently, the homologous characters were compared by relating the Abacá paper fiber samples with those of Musa sp. and the Japan paper samples with Broussonetia sp. and Euonymus sp. Results: There were coincidences between the diagnostic characters of the paper fibers of Abacá and Musa sp. Regarding the Japan paper samples, there were results consistent with Broussonetia sp. but not with Euonymus sp. Conclusions: According to the results observed between the Abacá paper fibers and the samples of the collected living material, we infer that the Abacá paper contains fibers of Musa sp. In the Japan paper samples, the similarities observed between the diagnostic characters of the fibers with respect to the reference plant samples indicate the presence of Broussonetia sp. fibers. There is no evidence of fibers of Euonymus sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article starts from the following question: how does playing enable learning from experiences that children create to escape the routines and prescriptions of the curriculum? To bring problematizations from this question, we developed an ethnographic investigation from a post-critical perspective in a municipal public school. The argument developed here is that children experiment, invent and create ways to play to escape the routine of school curricula, and thus learn by playing and play by learning. Based on the experiences that children themselves are exposed to, we understand that by exposing ourselves to the good affections they allow us to have, we also need, as teachers, to invent other times, intervals, durations, extensions to proliferate learning in school curricula, which escape of the rigidity and control given by the normative prescriptions that constitute many curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demanding promotion of university professors is being taken advantage of by international publishers to develop a fast business, that is framed in supposedly fraudulent activities of apparently scientific magazines, but without impact indexes that some experts already qualify as "epidemic" (García-Puente, 2019) and "plague" (Silva, 2016). This research uses the mystery client technique (Morena, 2013) to respond to an intentional sample of call for papers (CFP) submitted to researchers between January and April 2020, with a previously published article, that was intentionally altered to appear to be a scientific paper, but which violates the guidelines of originality and rigor: the order of the paragraphs is altered and translated into English with DeepL, without subsequent monitoring. During the period, 98 PICs were received and 38 submissions were made. The results are eloquent: none has been rejected, and within an average of 6 days 17 publication acceptances are confirmed. In all cases, payment is requested in advance. The article allows us to identify the profile of the journals, their recruitment strategies, the use of claims of: indexing, ethical standards and peer review and the naming strategies to simulate international prestige. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Working Papers on Operations Management is the property of Editorial UPV and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to achieve an increase in the profitability of tissue paper production, this research aimed to identify factors that affect the degree of pulp refinement and the tension index of the tissue paper when using short fiber, long fiber and Quimizine B enzyme. The methodology considered laboratory experiments, obtaining refining curves, multilevel factorial design and response surface diagrams. The results indicated that the most significant common factor in the pulp refining degree and tension index is the specific energy consumption for both types of fiber, and that optimal operating parameters can be known by analyzing the refining degree and tension index independently and simultaneously. It was concluded that the multilevel factorial design allowed to identify significant factors that influence the properties of the refining degree and the resistance of tissue paper when looking for an individual and simultaneous optimum and, that the influence of the enzyme increased the properties of the refining degree and the tensile strength of the paper when using raw material of short and long fiber from Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main problem identified is the conventional way of distributing indirect manufacturing costs for the paper company dedicated to the process of converting paper, having generated distorted unit costs. Faced with this situation, the implementation of a costing model by activities was proposed. The main objective of this research is to establish procedures for the implementation of the costing methodology by activities for the paper industry. The methodological study is quantitative at a descriptive level where data collection was done in a simple random manner, for which documents were reviewed and analyzed, production processes were observed, and surveys were developed. The results confirmed the achievement of the objectives and hypotheses raised in the investigation, where it was indicated that there is a relationship between the activity-based costing methodology and the measurement of indirect costs in the paper industry. The investigation is concluded "Activity-based methodology is beneficial to apply in the calculation of indirect costs, with a new approach to calculating costing by activities that allows diversifying suitable inducers and applying them to the different activities related to indirect costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigaciones Historicas is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historias is the property of Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The eighteenth century books from the collection of the old digital library of the Library University Seville are analyzed to locate the parts made with decorated papers, in order to classify and describe them according to the proposals of specialized literature. For this, the records included in the repository of the digital collection are recovered, the digital reproductions of the books are visualized, the parts with decorated papers are identified and described following the decorated papers classification model, previously elaborated, based on the research of Professor Carpallo Bautista. The model is made up of 6 techniques and their variants. Of the more than 6.700 records from the 18th century in the collection of the digital ancient collection, 511 include decorated papers in their bindings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amate (amatl) is a handmade paper of Mexico made by Otomi Indians. This craft is made from bark of tree bark amate or jonote. It is originally developed in the states of Puebla, Hidalgo and Veracruz especially in San Pablito, Puebla. However, amate paper is sold as background Nahua paintings by artists from the state of Guerrero. Amate paper paintings are a combination of Nahua and Otomi traditions. While there have been some minor innovations, the amate paper is still done with the same basic process used in the pre-Hispanic period by obtaining a classical amate tree bark fiber. This is negatively affecting the ecosystem of the North of Puebla and forcing vendors bark in search of other species, so it is necessary to make paper amate more sustainably, including new types of bark from other species and by-products of agro-industries such as rice, coffee sugar cane, and other types of fiber that have highavailability The objective of this work was to analyze and compare the Chemical pulp of coffee characteristics, as raw material for amate paper of higher quality than that produced from the bark of other species. The results showed that the structural and chemical characteristics of coffee pulp cellulose pulp showed ease of paper making, due to its properties of adherence, formation and agglutination of fibers similar to the high quality of the final product as the amate tree bark-derived paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Democracy is considered to be the ideal foundation of societies today. In a democratic society, news media play a highly relevant role as avenues by which public and political powers can interact with society and facilitate civic participation. The public’s perception of the news media’s reputation is a crucial factor for enhancing trust and citizen engagement. This article presents a study of the reputation of the media (paper press, digital press, radio and television) in ten European countries: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. A quantitative method was applied to the results of a survey conducted to determine the reputation of news media among a sample of the informed population in those countries (1,000 residents of legal age who used media at least two or three times a week). The concept of reputation is thereby characterized in its association with the media, identifying its integrating attributes and assessing its incidence in each type of medium. The results indicate that, although television is the most widely used medium, the printed press enjoys a higher reputation in most of the countries studied, being seen as having the attributes of credibility and informative rigor. This study provides a detailed analysis of the scores given to media reputation attributes in the considered countries. It also offers a ranking of the media with the highest reputation in the countries examined, as well as a description of the reputational position of each medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin Hispanique is the property of Universite de Bordeaux III (Michel de Montaigne), Institut Hispanique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Medica Herediana is the property of Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)