113 results
Search Results
2. From hand-held radio to ride-hailing platforms: Research on a local technical network of taxi drivers in China
- Author
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Wenjie Zhang, Wanxin Tang, Tiantian Yu, and Hongzhe Wang
- Subjects
aplicaciones de transporte ,soluciones ‘low-tech’ ,emisora inalámbrica ,taxistas chinos ,TIC ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper investigates how Chinese taxi drivers utilize low-tech equipment, such as handheld radios and mobile phone services, to form local ride-hailing networks. Previous studies have analyzed how Internet platforms like Didi Chuxing have reshaped labor relations through technology and policies, but they have ignored the fact that outside metropolitan areas, traditional technological solutions, such as on-call radio platforms, have not been replaced by the rapidly expanding ride-hailing platforms. Therefore, to outline China’s diverse ICT practice environment, this paper focuses on a case study in two Chinese towns (Laizhou, Shandong; Ziyang, Sichuan), shifting the attention from metropolitan areas to neglected fourth- and fifth-tier cities. After reviewing the previous advancements in mobile communication technology, we discuss the economic, cultural, and social motivations behind the use of ‘low-tech’ devices and cooperative services by the Chinese taxi drivers in question.
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- 2023
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3. The epistemic ethical concerns involving algorithms in intelligent communication
- Author
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Jialin Lin and Changfeng Chen
- Subjects
algorithm bias ,algorithmic black box ,algorithmic ethics ,information cocoon ,interpretability ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
With the development and application of algorithms as catalysts, the changing modes of information production, dissemination, and consumption have also given rise to a myriad of serious ethical challenges. This study employs a multi-case approach and semistructured in-depth interviews to examine three prominent international information technology companies, namely, Meta, Sina, and Byte Dance. By investigating the utilization of algorithms in content creation and distribution and adopting an epistemic, ethical framework, this paper analyzes the phenomenon of information cocooning resulting from inconclusive algorithmic evidence, the presence of algorithmic black boxes stemming from inscrutable evidence, and the issue of algorithmic bias caused by misguided evidence. Consequently, this paper proposes three fundamental ethical principles for algorithmic systems: certainty, interpretability, and reliability.
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- 2023
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4. The Impact of Unconventional Monetary Policy on Gendered Wealth Inequality
- Author
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Brigitte Young
- Subjects
Central European Bank ,Unconventional Monetary Policy ,Feminist Economics ,Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey ,Gendered Asset Bias and Gendered Wealth Inequality ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Unconventional monetary policy was implemented as a result of the financial crisis and resulted in rising asset prices in the stock markets. While the increase in asset prices is not exclusively triggered by unconventional monetary policy, central bankers accept that unconventional monetary policy has resulted in distributional effects on wealth, and that these are not negligible. What is missing are studies analyzing whether these non-standard monetary policies have different distributional effects on women and men. The intent of the paper is to interrogate whether unconventional monetary policy of central banks has a gender bias that operates in favor of men as gender and against women as gender. Relying on insights from feminist economics, the paper uses the results of the ECB Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) of 62,000 household across 15 euro-area countries. While the results are tentative, they show an asymmetric distributional gendered impact. Since the rich own more assets than the poor, and since monetary easing works in part by raising asset prices, these unconventional policies may unintentionally benefit the wealthier quintile (on average more male) at the expense of the poorer strata of society (on average more female).
- Published
- 2019
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5. Searching for sustainability in the digital agriculture debate: an alternative approach for a systemic transition
- Author
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Roy William Cobby
- Subjects
climate change ,digital sublime ,socio-technical regime ,green revolution ,open-source software ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
One of the key challenges for agriculture today is feeding an increasing population without contributing to climate change. Increasingly, digital agriculture is discussed as a new sociotechnical regime that could help limit emissions for farmers worldwide. While sustainability is an important issue, recent papers in the field of digital agriculture do not address the problem directly. After a literature review, this paper will focus on the importance of shared perspectives as enablers in socio-technical transitions. This paper argues that the myth of the digital sublime could act in favour of the existing and unsustainable model of agriculture. This is partly a result of hardware production and connectivity already being resource-intensive. Precisely because of this high environmental impact, the following discussion will employ the legacy of the Green Revolution to highlight the importance of precaution in deploying digital agriculture. In theory, in order to address the shortcomings of the current system, private sector companies are developing proprietary software solutions that could in practice entrench unsustainable business models. As an alternative, this paper suggests, existing open-source platforms that encourage not-for-profit collaborations between farmers should be scaled up. Through bottom-up processes, future researchers and developers should seek ways to place sustainability at the centre of their analyses, and encourage the adoption of practices that can be tailored to the diverse needs of farmers. Ultimately, stakeholders in digital agriculture should understand that sustainability principles must be encoded at all stages in the deployment of digital agriculture technologies.
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- 2020
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6. Tech power: a critical approach to digital corporations
- Author
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Aitor Jiménez González
- Subjects
digital capitalism ,digital marxism ,infrastructural prower ,Silicon Valley ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This article explores different bodies of literature looking at the rising power of digital corporations. With this work I aim to provide a critical up-to-date approach to the topic. The first part of the paper introduces the phenomenon of digital capitalism, navigating different sociological approaches. Then, it proceeds by addressing the difficulties of naming the phenomenon and the attention that is gathering among politicians, academics and the general public. The second part of the work explores three different but complementary bodies of literature looking at tech power In the first place the paper explores critical management studies’ contributions describing the characteristics of digital corporations. Secondly, the text reflects critical legal scholars’ works analysing what has been identified as one of the essential features of digital capitalism: the infrastructural power enjoyed by corporations such as Facebook or Amazon. Finally the paper exposes two different Marxist perspectives looking at digital capitalism and its latest developments. The labour-focused Marxist contribution mainly represented by Christian Fuchs and Trebor Scholz and the postfordist approach of Maurizio Lazzarato or Matteo Pasquinelli, among others.
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- 2020
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7. An approach to the effects and characteristics of political participation through donations in political crowdfunding campaigns in Spain
- Author
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Bruno González-Cacheda and Celso Cancela Outeda
- Subjects
connective participation ,consumer participation ,profile participants ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This work is structured around two exploratory objectives. Firstly, it aims to analyse the effects of connective participation and consumption in which donations in political crowdfunding campaigns can be framed. Secondly, it will study the characteristics and socio-demographic profile of the people who donate to political crowdfunding campaigns. In order to obtain information, we have developed a questionnaire that has resulted in a non-probabilistic purposive sample of one hundred and twenty-five valid and complete responses. The paper closes with a discussion and the presentation of two hypotheses that reflect the main findings of this exploratory study. On the one hand, the characteristics and profile of the participants would be predominantly male, middle-aged (thirty-six to fifty years old), with a high level of formal education (university studies) and a medium income level. On the other hand, the participation analysed is hegemonic among activists with experience and commitment. This fact could reflect an increase in participatory inequalities between participatory and nonparticipatory people as a consequence of the characteristics of the forms of connective action and consumption.
- Published
- 2024
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8. Auroville: city of the dawn, city of the future, now
- Author
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Ian Parker
- Subjects
commons ,colonialism ,South India ,Sri Aurobindo ,utopian communities. ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper briefly describes the formation, present-day functioning and problems facing the futuristic city ‘Auroville’ in the state of Tamil Nadu in south India. Founded in 1968 as a ‘universal’ city, and planned to have 50,000 inhabitants that would take the next step in human evolution to exist as a self-sustaining community independent of nation states, Auroville manifests another utopian attempt to create a ‘common’ space which resonates with communist hopes to reclaim the commons from capitalist enclosure. This paper explores the problems that face Auroville when it creates its ‘commons’ on existing peasant land and becomes implicated in colonial politics.
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- 2018
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9. Time’s Up, celebrities and the transformation of gender violence paradigms: The case of Oprah Winfrey’s Speech at the Golden Globes (2018)
- Author
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Rebeca Maseda García and Emma Gómez Nicolau
- Subjects
activism ,confession ,ethical witnessing ,intersectionality ,victim. ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
In this paper we assess to what extent Oprah Winfrey’s speech during the Golden Globes 2018, situated in the new context of the #MeToo movement and the Time’s Up initiative, destabilizes the modes of recognition of gender violence, offering an example of the operationalization of the concept of ‘ethical witnessing’ in communication media brought about by celebrities. In order to do so we consider the connections she establishes between the fight for rights and other fights for recognition, redistribution and participation; the degree of transgression of the reified models of identification of the subjectvictim and the focus on the capacity of agency; and the type of relationship that develops between the subject who gives testimony and the witness. The paper concludes that Oprah’s intersectional approach to gender violence, her focus on agency and resistance (verging on heroism), her role as both witness of her own victimization and facilitator of others’ testimonies, and her activism and inspiration for others to engage socially and politically, comes close to transgressing the boundaries of the current mode of recognition and representation of gender violence. Nevertheless, the widely accepted image of Oprah as an authority assumes a hierarchical relation that contravenes an ethical dimension of witnessing. In addition, in line with a liberal position, Oprah reimagines the ‘good victim’ as an empowered individual who overcomes vulnerability, and she envisions the eradication of gender inequality as something that comes from the top down.
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- 2018
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10. Cyber Journalism: Journal writing’s digitizing, Neo routines and Job stress
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Mariana Loreta Magallanes Udovicich
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Digitalización periodística, sistemas de trabajo, negociación laboral, procesos de producción. ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper analyzes the institutional and professional reorganization of Diagonales Journal’s newsroom, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina, in its digitization context since December 2011. Based on deep interviews done to employees and former employees, this paper retrieves the professional experience of Cyber Journalism as part of emerging work routines. At the same time this article aims to approach the personal consequences that these processes have caused to the professionals involved. In this context, we recover some factors that, according to the interviews, have been identified as newsroom's routine stressors during the transition to digital edition.
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- 2015
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11. Teaching mobile app creation for journalism students: a case study of android AppInventor in Brazil
- Author
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Marcelo Crispim Da Fontoura, Ana Cecília Bisso Nunes, Eduardo Campos Pellanda, and André Pase
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Computation ,AppInventor ,teaching ,Journalism Schools ,Brazil. ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Due to the high demand for journalists that understand technology and embrace it as an important skillset in recent years, journalism schools have been adapting their curriculum to include those abilities in their classrooms. In this paper, we offer a case study of one such approach at PUCRS University in Brasil: from 2011 we have been challenging the students to make a journalistic app with Android AppInventor platform in the classroom. This paper addresses this experience and its perception of journalism and media students of PUCRS in Brazil.
- Published
- 2017
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12. 'Freedom from jobs' or learning to love to labor? Diversity advocacy and working imaginaries in Open Technology Projects
- Author
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Christina Dunbar-Hester
- Subjects
Activism ,diversity ,open source ,technology studies ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper examines imaginaries of work and labor in “open technology” projects (especially open source software and hackerspaces), based on ethnographic research in North America. It zeroes in on “diversity initiatives” within open technology projects. These initiatives are important because they expose many of the assumptions and tensions that surround participatory cultures. On the one hand, these projects and spaces are organized around voluntarism; in theory, everyone who wishes to participate is welcome to do so. On the other hand, diversity initiatives form in order to address the “problem” of imbalance in the ranks of participants. Technology is a unique domain for the discharge of political energies. In collective imagination, it has been vested with the power to initiate change (even as this belief obscures the role of social and economic relations). Multiple ideas circulate about the relationships between diversity in open technology projects and paid labor. This paper argues that in part due to the legacy of technical hobbies as training grounds for technical employment for much of the twentieth century, as documented by historians of radio (Douglas, 1987; Haring, 2006), voluntaristic technology projects are vexed sites for imagining political emancipation. To a large degree, diversity initiatives in open technology projects are consistent with corporate values of diversity as a marketplace value. At the same time, collectivity formations around technology that incorporate feminist, antiracist, or social justice framings may begin to generate connections between diversity advocacy in tech fields and social justice movements or policy changes in order to effect deep social change.
- Published
- 2016
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13. Questioning the merits and demerits of electronic communication in Social Work
- Author
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Emilia Martínez-Brawley
- Subjects
electronic communication ,merits and demerits ,social work relationships ,professional development and electronic communication ,email and texting in Social Work ,Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,HN1-995 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper examines the social dynamics of electronic exchanges in the human services, particularly in social work. It focuses on the observable effects that email and texting have on the linguistic, relational and clinical rather than managerial aspects of the profession. It highlights how electronic communication is affecting professionals in their practice and learners as they become acculturated to social work. What are the gains and losses of the broad use of electronic devices in daily lay and professional, verbal and non-verbal communication? Will our current situation be seriously detrimental to the demeanor of future practitioners, their use of language, and their ability to establish close personal relationships? The paper analyzes social work linguistic and behavioral changes in light of the growth of electronic communication and offers a summary of merits and demerits viewed through a prism emerging from Baron’s (2000) analysis of human communication.
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- 2016
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14. Impact of international offshoring on the labour market. A reflection on the conceptual and methodological aspects.
- Author
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Fernando Luengo Escalonilla and Ignacio Álvarez Peralta
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Offshoring ,Outsourcing ,Relocalization ,Labour market ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The objective of this paper is to analyse the conceptual and methodological aspects of international offshoring (IO) and its impact on the labour market. This paper presents therefore two necessarily complementary levels. On the one hand, the more general one, which aims to pinpoint the conceptual keys of the offshoring dynamic; on the other hand, we review different instruments and approaches, in order to measure this phenomenon and to evaluate its impact on the labour market. We first ascertain a brief conceptual demarcation of international offshoring. After that, we examine different methodological tools in order to measure international offshoring and the impact of IO’s on the labour market. The implications of IO for the labour market -complex, diverse and not always easy to establish– depend on a series of factors which must be considered simultaneously: the magnitude of the process, its characteristics, the underlying causes and the strategies and responses generated by economic, social and institutional agents. All of these aspects will be addressed –from a conceptual and methodological point of view- in different sections of the present paper.
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- 2009
15. La idiosincrasia de los servicios sociales en el medio rural salmantino
- Author
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Noelia Morales Romo
- Subjects
Social Services ,Rural areas and equal opportunity ,Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,HN1-995 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper is the outcome of research on Social Services in rural areas of Salamanca. The object of the study is seen from three points of view: that of the service professionals, that of other professionals who work in those rural areas, and finally that of the rural inhabitants themselves. Taking the characteristics of this area into account, this paper seeks to identify the difficulties and advantages that Social Service professionals face in an environment where the equality of opportunities is still a panacea.
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- 2007
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16. Arquitectos japoneses en España, arquitectos españoles en Japón, 1990-2020
- Author
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Javier Vives Rego
- Subjects
H1-99 ,arquitectura española ,Social sciences and state - Asia (Asian studies only) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Spanish architecture ,Tribute ,Art ,Social sciences (General) ,Japanese architecture ,H53 ,arquitectura japonesa ,Humanities ,media_common - Abstract
espanolTanto en Japon como en Espana sigue existiendo una mirada hacia «el otro» tenida de cierto barniz exotico, seguramente favorecido por la distancia que separa a los dos paises. Para un artista espanol trabajar en Japon resulta igual de estimulante que para un japones hacerlo en Espana. Para ambos es una experiencia enriquecedora por lo alejados que se encuentran sus respectivos entornos sociales y culturales, y, en el caso de la arquitectura, tambien por las diferencias tecnologicas y esteticas. En los anos sesenta del pasado siglo, en ambos paises se construyeron algunos edificios que emulaban formas clasicas «del otro». A partir de esos ejemplos, este estudio intentara descubrir si ese tipo de mirada o interpretacion a modo de homenaje se ha mantenido o no en los ultimos treinta anos, cuando unos pocos arquitectos japoneses y espanoles han empezado a construir obras en Espana y Japon respectivamente. Este trabajo mostrara no solo los proyectos ejecutados por los mas renombrados arquitectos japoneses y espanoles en el pais «del otro», sino tambien las propuestas ganadoras de concursos que finalmente no se han llevado a cabo. De cada una de esas obras, se indicara el ano de construccion o el del fallo del concurso, su situacion y las incidencias mas relevantes durante su materializacion. Con esos datos se comparara la huella que arquitectos japoneses y espanoles han dejado en los ultimos treinta anos en Espana y Japon, respectivamente. EnglishIn Japan as in Spain there is still a look towards “the other” stained with a certain exotic varnish, probably favored by the distance that separates the two countries. For a Spanish artist it is as stimulating to work in Japan as for a Japanese artist it is to do it in Spain. For both it is an enriching experience because of how distant their respective social and cultural environments are, and, in the case of architecture, also because of technological and aesthetic differences.In the 1960s, in both countries, some buildings were constructed that emulated classic forms “of the other.” Based on these examples, this paper will try to discover if this type of look or interpretation as a tribute has been maintained or not in the last thirty years, when a few Japanese and Spanish architects began to build works in Spain and Japan respectively.This paper will show not only the projects carried out by the most renowned Japanese and Spanish architects in the country of “the other”, but also the winning proposals of competitions that have not been executed. For each of these works, it will be indicated the year of construction, or the date of the contest’s result, its location and the most relevant incidents during its execution. These data will be used to compare the footprint that Japanese and Spanish architects have left in the last thirty years in Spain and Japan, respectively.
- Published
- 2021
17. The satire of Buddhist priests and wisdom over blind faith: transition of Japanese Buddhist medieval thought shown in the Ujishūimonogatari
- Author
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Efraín Villamor Herrero
- Subjects
priests ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 ,monjes ,Social sciences and state - Asia (Asian studies only) ,setsuwa ,Ujishūimonogatari ,Japanese literature ,H53 ,budismo medieval ,literatura japonesa ,Medieval Buddhism - Abstract
espanolLa antologia japonesa del Ujishūimonogatari (s. XIII d. C) contiene 197 relatos que se compilaron basandose en la transmision oral. En la diversa tematica que componen sus historias: cuentos populares, relatos de la antigua India y numerosas leyendas, se pueden observar muchas alusiones a las creencias budistas propias del paradigma japones medieval. Este trabajo se centra en el analisis del pensamiento reflejado en los relatos que satirizan la doble moral de los monjes. Como resultado, se ha encontrado como rasgo comun de estos relatos, la mirada critica dirigida hacia los monjes, criticados por su ignorancia, asi como por llevar una vida opulenta aprovechandose de su alto estatus social. Este trabajo discute la transicion del pensamiento budista reflejada en los relatos analizados, a traves de los cuales el editor, enfatiza con sus moralejas la apologia por el pensamiento critico por encima de la fe ciega. EnglishThe Japanese anthology Ujishūimonogatari (13th century AD) contains 197 stories transmitted orally. Within this compilation of folktales, legends, and tales from ancient India, there can be found many allusions to Buddhist beliefs, unique to the medieval Japanese paradigm. This paper focuses on the analysis of some of the stories, which satirize the double standards of the Buddhist monks of that time. A common features observed in the analyzed stories is a criticism of the monks for their ignorance, as well as for leading an opulent life, taking advantage of their high social status. Through the morals of the stories, the editor of this anthology advocates critical thinking over blind faith, thus epitomizing the evolution of medieval Buddhist thought discussed in the paper.
- Published
- 2021
18. Mind management 2.0: The internet and the myth of individualism and personal choice in neoliberal times
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Joan Pedro-Carañana and Ledy Armirola-Garcés
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Herbert Schiller ,myths of neoliberalism ,political economy of communication ,The Mind Managers ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The year 2023 marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of Herbert I. Schiller’s The Mind Managers that carried out a critical political economy analysis of the myths that sustained industrial capitalism and the role played by the media and cultural industries in their dissemination. As a tribute, this paper highlights the value of Schiller’s work, tracing the historical origins of, and updating, what he considered to be the most important myth in this groundbreaking book: individualism and personal choice. The research shows that this myth has strengthened and undergone important changes in the technologically-centered neoliberal context of today’s cognitive capitalism, where its function is to hide and idealize the present-day structural conditions. The prevalence and characteristics of this myth are analyzed through the paradigmatic example of dating apps. Both the possibilities and limitations provided by media technologies are considered in the context of power relations.
- Published
- 2022
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19. The new agora: The space of public debate in the digital age
- Author
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Mosè Cometta and Ignacio Marcio Cid
- Subjects
Digital capitalism ,Social media ,public sphere ,polarization ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper raises two questions: can the Web be a space for public debate? Can this debate be constructive? Adopting a non-normative and not overly narrow definition, it is possible to say that the Web is a space for public debate. However, some of its structural characteristics and some aspects of the dominant social media (individualism and the impossibility of establishing durable bonds of solidarity) can be interpreted as elements that contribute to social polarization on the Web. This makes it difficult to give a clear answer to the second question.
- Published
- 2022
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20. Digital capitalism and the e-health revolution
- Author
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Mosè Cometta
- Subjects
digital medicine ,medical humanities ,surveillance capitalism ,patient dignity ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper discusses the challenges posed by the advent of e-health. To contextualise the phenomenon, it defines the environment in which it arises: digital capitalism. The predatory dynamics of this social structure are likely to transform medical practice. Contemporary medicine seems to be poised between a renewed attention to the patient and their dignity – perspective of the medical humanities – and the reduction of the patient to a mere object of study and discipline – biomedicine. By favouring the quantification of the patient and a depersonalising approach, digital medicine risks breaking the bond between these two sides of medicine. At the same time, the development of medical technologies in a capitalist environment poses other risks that need to be weighed up: from the gratuitous appropriation of personal data to the creation of a discriminatory and classist healthcare system. Only by openly addressing these problems will it be possible to integrate these new technologies in a democratic way that promotes the common good.
- Published
- 2021
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21. Advancing a critical artificial intelligence theory for schooling
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Jason Christopher Toncic
- Subjects
Epistemology ,Hermeneutic ,Education ,technology ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has gradually been integrated into major aspects of schooling and academic learning following breakthroughs in algorithmic machine learning over the past decade. Interestingly, history shows us that as new technologies become perceived as ‘normal’ they fade into uncritical aspects of institutions. Considering that schools produce and reproduce social practices and normative behavior through both explicit and implicit codes, the introduction of AI to classrooms can reveal much about schooling. Nevertheless, artificial intelligence technology (specifically new machine learning applications) has yet to be properly framed as a lens with which to critically analyze and interpret school-based inequities. Recent education discourse focuses more on practical applications of technology than on the institutional inequalities that are revealed when analyzing artificial intelligence technology in the classroom. Accordingly, this paper advances the case for a critical artificial intelligence theory as a valuable lens through which to examine institutions, particularly schools. On the cusp of machine learning artificial intelligence becoming widespread in schools’ academic and hidden curricula, establishing a practical epistemology of artificial intelligence may be particularly useful for researchers and scholars who are interested in what artificial intelligence says about school institutions and beyond.
- Published
- 2021
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22. Climate Change and Energy: A global view
- Author
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Emilio Cerdá
- Subjects
Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero ,energía ,economía baja en carbono ,cambio tecnológico ,The Climate Change Performance Index. ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper explains the relations between emissions, concentrations, global warming, estimations of incremental temperature rises, and risk assessment. Afterwards, data are provided and discussed through some indicators related to emissions of carbon dioxide and the total supply of primary energy. Two fundamental instruments to tackle climate change are analyzed: the price of greenhouse gases and policies to stimulate positive technological change. Finally, an explanation is provided on how The Climate Change Performance Index is defined and the main results of the report corresponding to 2018 are commented.
- Published
- 2018
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23. Estrategias metodológicas para el empoderamiento del estudiante de doctorado
- Author
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Jorge Ferreira and Tatiane Valduga
- Subjects
Metodologias de inovação ,Tese doutoral ,Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,HN1-995 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Um longo, lento e solitário processo caracteriza uma tese de doutorado que muitas vezes é interrompido por fatores externos e/ou internos, levando a uma redução acentuada no número de alunos que frequentam o programa de formação ou a uma conclusão tardia do processo. Neste artigo, apresentamos um conjunto de estratégias metodológicas inovadoras na promoção do Empowerment do estudante de 3º ciclo de estudos (PhD). Estratégias que vão desde a promoção de espaços motivacionais integrativos do estudante; estímulo a grupos informais de pesquisa da iniciativa do estudante na concretização de oportunidades online para o estabelecimento de relações de contato com outros centros de pesquisa e outros estudantes / pesquisadores e criação de atividades de pesquisa de campo, com o objetivo final de sucesso na conclusão de uma tese de doutorado. Neste conjunto de estratégias, incluímos a promoção da participação dos estudantes de doutoramento em eventos científicos internacionais e nacionais, bem como o incentivo à publicação em revistas indexadas e não indexadas e a apresentação de Working Papers. Como exemplo empírico, será apresentado NUDLA / ISCTE - IUL
- Published
- 2021
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24. Capital accumulation, dynamic insufficiency and economic growth in Latin America
- Author
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Blanca Lilia Avendaño Vargas and Ignacio Perrotini Hernández
- Subjects
América Latina ,acumulación de capital ,balanza de pagos ,crecimiento endógeno ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
In this paper we analyse theoretically and empirically the relationship between dynamic insufficiency (DI) (Prebisch, 1970; Avendaño & Perrotini, 2015) and the growth rate consistent with balance of payments (gbp) equilibrium (Thirlwall, 1979) for a set of Latin American economies during the period 1977-2011. Our hypothesis is that DI exacerbates the external constraint on growth due to the gap between the natural rate of capital accumulation and the guaranteed growth rate (kn>gw) and that there is a causal relationship between and. This means that is determined by demand and supply conditions.
- Published
- 2018
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25. Intercultural Europe: Cultural Diversity in the EU and the Debate on a Common European Cultural Identity
- Author
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Jordi-Jesús Muñoz
- Subjects
Identidad cultural europea ,diversidad cultural ,interculturalismo ,diálogo intercultural ,políticas culturales ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The aim of the work is to approach the complex cultural system of the European Union through the analysis of cultural diversity within the EU and the existence of a possible common European cultural identity. This paper attempts to promote the debate on intercultural dialogue in the European Union and the actions undertaken by the European institutions to promote a common cultural identity based on plurality and diversity.
- Published
- 2018
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26. Public investment in defense and technological progress: a DSGE model
- Author
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José Lorenzo Jiménez and Antonio Fonfría
- Subjects
Inversión pública ,Inversión en defensa ,Base Industrial y Tecnológica de la Defensa ,Programas de Armamento y Material ,Efectos macroeconómicos ,Modelos DSGE ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper argues the importance of investment in defense, as part of public investment in enhancing the industrial and technological base of the country as well as in the development of innovative productive sectors. The analysis is performed through models of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE). The main conclusion is that the increase in public investment, when it is complementary to the technological progress associated with private investment, translates into higher growth of production, employment, investment and productivity in the whole economy. Accordingly, to the extent that public investment in defense is generating innovation and technological progress, also it contributes positively to growth.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Energy supply security in the European Union in the context of the gas conflict Ukrainian-Russian
- Author
-
Ana Fernández and Laura Rodríguez
- Subjects
seguridad de abastecimiento energético ,gas ,Unión Europea ,Rusia ,Ucrania ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper attempts to provide an overview of progress in the level of security of energy supply for gas in the Member States of the European Union (EU) to more purchases made this appeal to Russia. To do this we have constructed a synthetic indicator: the Weighted Index of Energy Security, which lets examine whether the degree of such security has declined in recent years as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian gas conflict occurred in 2006 and 2009. The results show that in most countries the opposite has happened.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Transnational capital and energy governance in the European Union. The case of natural gas
- Author
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Ana Moreno
- Subjects
Capital transnacional ,gobernanza energética ,Unión Europea ,gas natural ,mercado interior ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to analyze the liberalization of natural gas sector in Europe. Regarding the energy policy, we cannot consider the EU or its Member States just as agents of capital. However, granting them an autonomy according to which they develop their own interests, would lead us into a scenario that minimizes the role of capital. This research, then, follows the work of the Amsterdam School about transnational class formation. This approach underlines the need of the dominant class of exercising a collective agency to reproduce their dominance and to ensure that it articulates in concrete politics.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Survey on international cooperation for development in Mexico and its current institutional framework
- Author
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Jorge Pérez and Citlali Ayala
- Subjects
Cooperación Internacional ,Desarrollo ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Facing the transition of the Millennium Development Goals towards the Sustainable Development Goals from 2016 onwards, and facing a more formal cooperation in Mexico with the creation of its Agency in 2011, it becomes relevant to know the current situation on the international cooperation in the country. Hence, the current paper, summarize the main outcomes of an opinion survey based on the point of view of leaders and experts on the subject, that was applied along 2014 over observed trends on challenges and implications for Mexico, either as a recipient, donor or dual country and for its foreign policy, but mainly for the participation and execution of the 2030 Agenda.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Feminist standpoint on social media sites and internet practices
- Author
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Ana María González Ramos
- Subjects
egoblogger ,ethical code ,internet users ,sexism ,youtuber ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Social media sites and the internet have opened up new spaces for self-identity and the construction of social relationships. Technology communications affect human relationships by introducing innovations for individual and collective representations, but the direction and intensity of these changes may be diverse and even reinforce old patterns from the past, particularly from a gender perspective. While feminist utopians heralded the internet as a space free from gender stereotypes, evidence suggests sexist patterns still remain in place today. This work investigates several phenomena on social media sites (egobloggers, YouTubers, influencers) from a gender perspective. This analysis confirms that although some practices on social media sites display new relationships and new constructions of self-identities, others reveal the persistence of sexism and gender discrimination, even though it may be invisible to the actors and the audience. This paper argues that a code of ethics is necessary to regulate users’ activity on social media sites, creating conscious values about the (un)explored consequences of common internet activities. Some guidelines for creating this code of ethics from a gender perspective are presented in the last section.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Justice, satisfaction and counterproductive behaviour: A Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory study on Social Workers
- Author
-
Begoña Urien Angulo, Vicente Díez Valdés, and Amparo Osca Segovia
- Subjects
Organizational justice ,social work ,counterproductive behaviour ,job demands ,direct and buffering effects. ,Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,HN1-995 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Social work professionals have to confront an increasingly strenuous job context (e.g., more users into the system, budgetary cuts, increasing bureaucracy, etc.), and these changes added to their interest in social justice turn their job into a very demanding one. Furthermore, over the few last years, organizational justice has produced a great deal of research, although not in this particular discipline. Based on the Job Demands and Resources theory (JD-R), this paper analyses (1) the direct relationships of job demands (Demands) and organizational justice (Resource) on job satisfaction and on counterproductive behaviour, and (2) the buffering effect of organizational justice as a resource, on the relationship between job demands and job satisfaction, and between job demands and counterproductive behaviour. The sample is made up of 213 social work professionals from various Spanish regions (198 female and mean-age 40.56 years old). Hierarchical regression equations showed that more than job demands, it is organizational justice which is the variable that exerts the highest influence on results (satisfaction and counterproductive behaviour). Specifically, organizational justice explains a great deal of the variance on job satisfaction (40%). Justice also impacts on counterproductive behaviour, both directly as well as reducing the negative effect of high demands. These findings are important both from the theoretical and applied perspectives, since these underline the key role of organizational justice for social workers, beyond job demands.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Functional distribution of income: analysis of the divergence on the wage share between Germany and Spain 1999-2013
- Author
-
Luis Baratas
- Subjects
participación salarial ,productividad ,salarios ,coste laboral unitario ,estructura productiva ,negociación colectiva ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper presents an empirical approach to the evolution undergone by the functional distribution of income in the economies of Spain and Germany between 1999 and 2013. The striking fact about which we intend to shed light is the divergence in the evolution of the wage share that starts between the two countries since 2010. To do this, the work previously provides a literature review of the main contributions of authors from Political Economics approach have been identified as plausible determinants of the wage share. Once we have identified factors that determine the evolution of our dependent variable we proceed to contextualize them in the scenario where Spain and Germany are over period. Given the explanatory variables chosen and the empirical results, the main assumptions that sustains this work is that the reasons for the divergence in wage share are located in the weak productivity gains and the strong reduction of the average wage in Spain. In turn, we took the opportunity to aim some possible explanations for the divergence in wage shares (weak production structure and changes in collective bargaining, in part due to the launch of the euro).
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Análisis de la presencia de las multilatinas en el espacio económico del Grupo de Visegrád
- Author
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Daniel Nedela
- Subjects
Multilatinas ,CEMEX ,Embraer ,KATCON ,NEMAK ,Empresas de Mercados Emergentes ,Grupo de Visegrad ,internacionalizacion ,Inversion Extranjera Directa ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This article aims to expand the still limited literature referred to multinational enterprises from Latin America. Existing works focus on the historical evolution that has allowed the process of multinationalisation of Latin-American companies and their emergence and configuration as worldwide references in their respective sectors. This paper analyzes the applicability and validity of existing theoretical frameworks for the process of internationalization of multilatinas in the region of Central Europe; particularly in the countries of the Visegrad Group.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Motivation in service-learning: an improvement over traditional instructional methods
- Author
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Monika Ciesielkiewicz and Guiomar Nocito Muñoz
- Subjects
digital literacy ,Higher Education ,technology ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper aims at exploring the motivation of university students who participated in service-learning projects as part of their coursework, and to determine whether their level of motivation is higher for the service-learning project as compared to performing more traditional academic tasks and assignments. The Service-Learning project carried out during the ICT in Education course intended to support the development of digital literacy in a Maasai school in Kenya. The instrument used to evaluate motivation of the university students is the motivation scale called Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) proposed by Pintrich and his collaborators (1991) adapted to the Spanish population by Roces Montero (1996). The results of the research indicate that there are significant differences in favor of service-learning in relation to motivation in general for the completion of the activities and specifically in relation to the utility of the activity as seen at the present moment and in the future, as well as promoting creativity, the interest in the task which includes the perception of the importance of the project, the need to work hard and thoroughly and willingness to face challenges and difficulties in order to achieve the set objective. No significant differences have been observed in relation to the desire to obtain a better grade for completing the activity or need to prove personal value to others, as well as to broaden the information to complete the activity.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Walking into the cyborg gym. Two conceptions of the cyborg athlete
- Author
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Francisco Javier Lopez Frías
- Subjects
ethics of technology ,human nature ,posthumanism ,sport ethics ,transhumanism. ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
In this paper, I will draw on the different notions of the cyborg to explore the normative implications of technology use in sport. To do so, I will first analyze the colloquial notion of the cyborg (Section 1). Then, I will differentiate between transhuman cyborgs, which are enhanced human beings who keep their defining human characteristics intact from the impact of technology, from posthuman cyborgs, which are beings whose involvement with technology blurs the line between what is human and what is not (Section 2). By applying the transhuman/posthuman distinction to sport, I will differentiate transhuman sport from posthuman sport. These two notions of sport will provide the basis for analyzing two conceptions of the cyborg-athlete: the transhuman cyborg-athlete and the posthuman one (Section 3). To conclude, I will identify the transhuman cyborg-athlete as the prevailing notion of the cyborg in contemporary sports and will present the main normative challenges that each conception of the cyborg-athlete raises.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. About Piketty: evolution of inequality in Spain
- Author
-
Víctor Luque
- Subjects
Desigualdad ,Piketty ,Distribución de los ingresos ,Distribución de la riqueza ,Composición típica de los ingresos ,Composición típica de la riqueza ,España ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper studies the evolution of the inequality in Spain, both in terms of income and wealth, from the beginning of the eighties. Also attending to the changes in the typical composition of both variables in the different quantiles, during the period analyzed. From the analysis of these magnitudes, it appears that certain tax figures project an uneven tax burden on different segments of the population. Moreover, issues relating to the dissemination of knowledge, investment in education, economic growth and population growth, which Piketty qualifies as major forces of convergence and divergence on the distribution are also analyzed. This allows us to elucidate the impact of the mentioned variables have on inequality and how the implemented institutional reforms in these fields have conditioned the development of the mentioned forces and provide an estimate regarding the form and intensity of their future influence on the evolution of the distribution.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. VaR models to calculate the minumun regulatory capital at market risk
- Author
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Patricia Stupariu, Juan Rafel Ruiz, and Ángel Vilariño
- Subjects
Valor en riesgo ,Basilea ,regulación financiera ,riesgo de mercado ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The undergoing overhaul of the Basel III market risk regulatory framework addresses the possibility of replacing VaR models with an alternative method for calculating minimum capital requirements. This paper will calculate the regulatory capital for a hypothetical equity portfolio of 20 of the main stocks in the S&P500, between 2000 and 2014. The RiskMetrics methodology and GARCH(1,1) models are used to estimate volatilities, covariances and correlations. Our results show that the regulatory capital calculated using Basel II rules is at all times above realized portfolio losses.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Back to SICAV. Critical reflection from an economic-tributary point of view
- Author
-
Víctor Antonio Luque and Miguel Ángel Luque
- Subjects
SICAV ,Sistema tributario ,Planificación fiscal ,Fraude de ley ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
SICAVs are a type of investment society which are receiving "specific media attention" because, at least in appearance, they are an instrument which enables the channelling of investment by the large equities/net worths benefiting from a nominal type in corporate tax of only 1%. This paper analyses the patrimonial evolution and its distribution between the different components from 2001 to 2014. The possible existence of law fraud in the use of this figure is discussed, when instrumented by one or more people associated for the purpose of obtaining a tributary saving outside the object (collective investment) of society. The repercussions of the fact that competition for tributary control of the SICAV resides in the CNMV instead of the State Tributary Administration Agency is analysed. Finally, some observations regarding the potential risk of capital flight that has sometimes served as justification for the establishment of a privileged legal regime are presented.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Crisis, economic policy and inequality in Spain
- Author
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Raúl de Arriba
- Subjects
crisis económica ,política económica ,austeridad ,desigualdad ,impacto social ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper analyses the social impact of both the economic collapse and policies adopted during the crisis in Spain. This crisis has highlighted the fragility of the Spanish economic growth. In addition, both the austerity measures adopted since 2010 as reforms in labour market and welfare state system have worsened the living conditions of the population. The result of this years of crisis and economic policy is an explosive increase in unemployment, reduction of personal incomes, intensifying inequality and increasing poverty.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. ECB Monetary Policy and consequences in the European Monetary Union
- Author
-
Paola Sánchez
- Subjects
TARGET2 ,BCE ,Política Monetaria ,Euro-sistema ,mercado interbancario ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The European Union debt crisis has questioned the institutional design of the European Monetary System (EMS). In 2011, one of the most influential authors, Werner Sinn, argued that the European Central Bank (ECB) was financing the current account deficits in the periphery countries and for this reason, the TARGET2 imbalances were dangerously increasing the risk in core countries. This paper considers that the TARGET2 imbalances have their roots in the interbank market paralysis and in the ECB role in the crisis, avoiding the financial system collapse. However, these imbalances are not a single problem but to reflect the political economy decisions. Sinn’s arguments hide a defence to austerity policies and the need to improve the competitiveness in the Southern countries and therefore the liabilities vis-à-vis the Euro-system.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Eurozone sovereign bonds and rating assessments: impact on volatility
- Author
-
Javier Wrana and José María Martín
- Subjects
Rating agencies ,sovereign bonds ,volatility ,economic crisis ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Rating agencies have been very active during the economic crisis and have been blamed for damaging the refinancing possibilities of the eurozone countries. Their decisions concerning sovereign bonds have been widely pointed out as one of the reasons why spreads rose dramatically between 2009 and 2012. Nonetheless, last evolutions of the sovereign spreads in countries such as Spain, Ireland or France show that sovereigns do not respond to rating assessments as extremely as they did before. Therefore, economic actors may wonder whether there has been a recent change in the trend or by contrast those assessments did not influence the volatility of the spreads, which may have been motivated by other variables. In this paper we will intend to determine to what extent S&P announcements were drivers of higher volatility of sovereign bonds’ spreads and how these effects (if any) have evolved over the economic crisis.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. El sorprendente caso de la medición de la deuda griega. Crímenes, mentiras y estadísticas
- Author
-
Luís Espinosa
- Subjects
Eurostat ,Grecia ,Protocolo de Déficit Excesivo ,Armonización contable ,Contabilidad pública ,Déficit ,Deuda ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
La deuda como porcentaje del PIB es una de las medidas macroeconómicas más relevantes para la contabilidad nacional. En la Unión Europea lo es como uno de los criterios de convergencia y tiene alta implicación política. En el caso de la contabilidad de Grecia se han demostrado gravísimos errores en su cálculo que en el año 2009 tuvieron como consecuencia el estallido de la crisis griega. En este paper se analiza las dificultades en la medición de la deuda pública, y la capacidad de Eurostat de supervisar los datos de Grecia a lo largo de más de una década. A través del caso griego y los documentos de la Unión Europea se cuestiona la mera posibilidad de medir la deuda de los países y las dificultades que una medición tan compleja presenta, de armonizar estas mediciones entre distintos estados que tienen distintas metodologías, y de Eurostat de ejercer como supervisor de los datos proporcionados por los países miembros. Se concluye que datos como la deuda pública no se pueden medir ni calcular, tan sólo "estimar" con un amplio margen de error y una limitada capacidad de supervisión por los organismos supranacionales.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Opening the Black-box of Academic Research: Assessment, Publishing and Critical Perspectives
- Author
-
Paolo Magaudda and Attila Bruni
- Subjects
Science & Technology Studies ,Scientific publishing ,Open access ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
What does it mean today to take a critical stance on scientific knowledge, its production and its dissemination? And what tactics should one adopt for this purpose? These questions are relevant to all disciplines; but for STS they are crucial, because the processes by which knowledge is produced and institutionalized are among the main themes of the entire STS field of study. This paper tries to answer the above questions by outlining the main features of the scenario in which the production and assessment of scientific knowledge today take place. It then concentrates on a concrete case in the field of open-access scientific publishing in order to show some of the tactics useful for pursuing a critical perspective on both the production and dissemination of knowledge at academic level.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Scientific communication networks. Analysis of journals and International Bibliographic Indexes
- Author
-
Yuirubán Hernández Socha and Jorge Márquez Valderrama
- Subjects
STS ,Scientometrics ,Actor Network Theory ,Mediations ,Journals ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
International Bibliographic Indexes (IBIs) like Science Citation Index and Scopus have played an important role in the field of science. However, IBIs increased use has been controversial and has raised positive and negative standpoints regarding their use as objective tools to represent and track the state of science. This has led to the emergence of deep tensions between both sides, expressed in oppositions like: IBIs are/are not objective, scientific, and universal. However, it is paradoxical that both sides are presented as mutually exclusive when all their complaints consider aspects that coexist in the communication process. We present evidences of this coexistence. In our approach, research papers are conceived as a techno-scientific object in the context of actor-network theory and metaphor tracking: optical, industrial, and associative, to analyze scientific communication networks. The aim of this study is twofold: first, we propose three networks to track scientific communication: manifest, underlying, and associative, to reconsider both positive and negative allegations about IBIs. Secondly, we encourage to rethink the opposition, starting from a more relational approach rather than an essentialist one to the process of scientific communication.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. El Trabajo Social en Inglaterra: ¿el principio y fin de una profesión para la justicia social?
- Author
-
María Inés Martínez Herrero
- Subjects
neoliberalismo ,trabajo social ,Inglaterra ,historia ,ideología ,Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,HN1-995 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Este artículo ofrece una discusión sobre el trabajo social en Inglaterra, país que se encuentra a la vanguardia del neoliberalismo, tanto a nivel de la estructura económica nacional como de la incorporación de nociones y prácticas neoliberales en el Trabajo Social. Para ello, se analizan en primer lugar los conceptos de “neoliberalismo” e “ideología neoliberal” y se explica a continuación en qué consiste y cómo se ha desarrollado en Inglaterra el “trabajo social neoliberal”. Por último, el artículo ofrece una breve discusión sobre algunas de las iniciativas y propuestas para la resistencia al neoliberalismo que se están desarrollando en el país y algunas conclusiones sobre la temática, destacando la importancia de tratar de evitar en otros países algunas de las circunstancias han llevado al trabajo social en Inglaterra a convertirse, en gran medida, en una profesión de control social al servicio de los intereses de los gobiernos “neoliberales” que se han sucedido desde los años 80 en este país. This paper offers a discussion about social work in England, which is at the forefront of neoliberalism, both at the level of the national economic structure and regarding the incorporation of neoliberal notions into the social work profession. To this end, it firstly analyses the concepts of “neoliberalism” and “neoliberal ideology”. It explains next what “neoliberal social work” involves and how this has been developed in England. Finally, the article offers a brief discussion on some of the initiatives and proposals for resistance to neoliberalism being developed in the country and it offers some conclusions on the subject, highlighting the importance of trying to avoid in other countries some of the circumstances which have led social work in England to become, to a large extent, a profession for social control at the service of the interests of “neoliberal” governments of the country since the 1980s.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. The Shepherd, the Doctor and the Big Data
- Author
-
Alejandro Segura Vázquez
- Subjects
Subjetivación, Big Data, vigilancia, control social, Internet, privacidad. ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The rise of the Internet as a space for global interaction makes the political subjectivation of automated surveillance especially important for understanding the mechanisms of social control in our current culture. This essay approaches mass electronic surveillance from the perspective of the processes of production of subjectivities among users of the Net. It will briefly outline a history of the production of subjects as related to the necessity of expressing a certain truth about themselves, of confessing and conforming to a normality regulated by the strategic frameworks of power. At the same time, it will attempt to associate the logic of that history with the rise of Big Data as a device for the tracking, discrimination and management of personal data. Finally, the paper will provide some reflections on the significance of resistance to the loss of privacy in digital culture.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Surveillance by any other name? Understanding counter-surveillance as critical discourse and practice
- Author
-
Gemma Galdon Clavell
- Subjects
surveillance, art, privacy, power, politics, sousveillance, medialabs ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
In 2008, an exhibition center in Northern Spain hosted a project called Situation Room which tried to recreate an “open” control room drawing, on the one hand, on the experience of previous hacklabs or medialabs set up by social movements, and, on the other, on an operations room designed in the 70s in order to gather and analyze economic data to organize the Chilean economy under Salvador Allende’s government, called Project Cybersyn. The fact that an artistic/activist project would use a government initiative of surveillance as a reference brings to the fore questions about what it means to subvert the surveillance society, and the limits of privacy in the information society. What is identified as the problem in critical discourses, the ability to monitor people’s everyday moves and store personal data or the aims of surveillance? Or maybe it is the ideology or political affiliation of the surveillants that makes the difference? Are there instances in which the massive storage of personal data could be justified? Is all surveillance wrong or can control and data-mining be put to the service of dissent or the common good? This paper explores how definitions of counter-surveillance, sousveillance , privacy and data protection have been theorized in the existing literature and artistic practices and confront them with recurring themes in critical surveillance studies.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Travel Surveillance Assemblages
- Author
-
Sophia Carmen Vackimes
- Subjects
Seguridad en aeropuertos, confort, consentimiento manufacturado, seguridad. ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Soothing sounds, calming light, appeasing stories about security screeners and X-ray machines that can see the skin under clothing — all of these are implements have slowly come to airports near all of us thanks to a total makeover of airport security measures planned mainly by the Transportation Security Administration. Recently, the TSA’s Checkpoint Evolution project has aimed soothe passengers in the screening line with music designed to calm us down while light panels complement it by emitting agreeable colors. Calmed while stainding in line, passengers can read stories about the security officers, which the TSA hopes will make travelers feel comfortable with their screeners. The ideal is that most of the security implementations we are subjected to as we travel are perceived to be invasive, or control us, but rather to “protect us” from unforeseen catastrophes. This paper looks at how the original insidiousness of surveillance methods is slowly being erased making surveillance acceptable as design parameters are incorporated into all sorts of surveillance technologies in order to make traveling more “comfortable”.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Hacking the Vision Machine: Farocki’s and Paglen’s detourning of control images
- Author
-
Rafael Dernbach
- Subjects
Arte, cine, fotografía, resistencia, vigilancia. ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper argues that photographer Trevor Paglen and filmmaker Harun Farocki engage in a form of hacking of control images of surveillance organizations. Paglen's photo series follow the traces of secret military bases and unregistered spy satellites, while Farocki accompanies in his films the transition of prisons from disciplinary institutions to institutions of control. Both artists expose in their works not only the process of surveillance itself, but the necessary blind spots that every attempt to survey has. This is achieved by aesthetic practices that detourn and dismantle the protocols of surveillance institutions. Engaging in the creation and maintenance of counter-knowledge Paglen’s and Farock’s works open faultlines for political imagination. Uncovering the technocratic rationality that governs control images enables them to develop new forms of counter-surveillance that undermine the principle of control.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Techno-Care in households with Dependent Elderly with Parkinson disease
- Author
-
Millán Arroyo Menéndez, Tomas Cano López, and Lucila Finkel Morgenstern
- Subjects
Dependencia ,Enfermedad de Parkinson ,Ambient Assisted Living ,Tecno cuidado ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Current technological developments and policy support for active aging have led the European institutions to promote technological care for elderly dependents, since it is believed that they save money to the health systems and promotes the independence of the older people. This paper presents a critical analysis of these assumptions and reflects on the expected real impact of this phenomenon. The analysis considers that a high penetration of this technology is very unlikely, while it detects potential inequalities in its use. Techno-care such as it is known today does not allow the full autonomy of the dependents, or their caregivers, they are only an aid. Therefore, the hypothetical savings for the health systems are questionable. The empirical basis of this analysis comes from a sociological research on Parkinson’s patients in Spain.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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