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On January 2020, the WHO Director General declared that the outbreak constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The world has faced a worldwide spread crisis and is still dealing with it. The present paper represents a white paper concerning the tough lessons we have learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, an international and heterogenous multidisciplinary panel of very differentiated people would like to share global experiences and lessons with all interested and especially those responsible for future healthcare decision making. With the present paper, international and heterogenous multidisciplinary panel of very differentiated people would like to share global experiences and lessons with all interested and especially those responsible for future healthcare decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is not simple to consider the world from only one side, but analyzing all sides can cloud comprehension without reaching deep insight found at the core. In a word as a whole, there is potential for telling the whole world in one word, i.e., data, leading to interpretations as phenomena and paradigms at the core of this review. The tug of war between the two sides explains that data represent the world, or vice versa, and present a fundamental view that systems or subsystems frame the world, even though they are encoded and composed of culture, rules, or approaches such as the threshold of democracy. When the COVID-19 pandemic posed a threat, human efforts contributed to finding potentially answers to questions presented by the world: what, who, where, when, why, and how (5 wh); a calling in the form of a challenge, where facts show something. All these questions resulted in research, education, and service activities, with their respective data frameworks producing results. This paper aims to reveal the meaning of the outcomes through an observation from an outside perspective. Therefore, like COVID-19 and its vaccines, the assertion of convexity and concave contradictions in the treatment of data leads to a mutually conjugate treatment of data. In this regard, statistics and artificial intelligence play separate and complementary roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease, first identified in the Chinese city of Wuhan in November 2019, has since spread worldwide, is the latest human pandemic and has officially infected over 800 million people and has caused nearly seven million deaths to date. Although SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the large family of coronaviruses, it has some unique biological characteristics in its interplay with the human host. Therefore, this narrative review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the structure of the virus, incubation and shedding in the human host, infectivity and biological evolution over time, as well as the main mechanisms for invading human host cells and replicating within. We also proffer that ongoing epidemiological surveillance of newly emerged variants must always be accompanied by biological studies aimed at deciphering new advantageous traits that may contribute to increasing virulence and pathogenicity, such that the most appropriate strategies for establishing a (relatively) safe coexistence with the human host can be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]