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This editorial discusses the prevalence of heart failure worldwide and the advancements in molecular and cellular biology that are transforming our understanding and treatment of the condition. The special issue includes nine papers that highlight recent advances in understanding the transcriptome profile in cardiovascular diseases and providing novel treatments for promoting cardiac repair. The papers cover topics such as the transcriptomic profile of endothelial cells in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the impact of inflammation in remote zones after myocardial infarction, the effectiveness of manganese porphyrin compound for cardiac arrest, the role of HIF2α and ARNT signaling in endothelial cells, strategies to induce cardiomyocyte proliferation, the characterization of the common marmoset as a primate model for cardiovascular disease, and the link between heart failure and cognitive impairment. The authors express their gratitude to the contributors and reviewers of the special issue. [Extracted from the article]

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and the search for novel mechanisms and therapeutics is desperately needed. These studies also examine why inhibiting isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) may help prevent foam cell formation by reducing oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced ferroptosis in macrophages [[5]]. 10.3390/biology12010121 12 Perumalsamy S., Ahmad W.A.W., Huri H.Z. Retinol-Binding Protein-4-A Predictor of Insulin Resistance and the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. [Extracted from the article]

Simple Summary: Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, are among the most common diseases worldwide. Markers associated with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction have been in the spotlight for many years. The most commonly used markers of myocardial infarction are cardiac troponins. However, insufficient understanding of the biology and metabolism of cardiac troponins does not allow us to fully unlock the full diagnostic potential of these cardiomarkers. In this article, I summarized and discussed in detail the features of the metabolism of cardiac troponins. I conducted a comprehensive review of current literary sources and presented my point of view. The format of the manuscript includes a consistent description of the biology and stages of the metabolism of cardiac troponins, starting from the release and circulation, and ending with the features of elimination of cardiac troponins. The possible influence of the biology of cardiac troponins on the diagnostic value of cardiac troponins is analyzed. Based on the analysis of the literature, I found a close relationship between the diagnostic value of cardiac troponins and their biology/metabolism. Further research is needed to increase the diagnostic value of cardiac troponins, and to fully unlock their diagnostic potential. Understanding of the biology of endo- and exogenous molecules, in particular their metabolism, is not only of great theoretical importance, but also of high practical significance, since many molecules serve as drug targets or markers for the laboratory diagnostics of many human diseases. Thus, cardiac troponin (cTns) molecules have long been used as key markers for the confirmation of diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI), and with the introduction of contemporary (high sensitivity) test methods, many of our concepts related to the biology of these cardiac markers have changed significantly. In current clinical practice, there are opening new promising diagnostic capabilities of cTns, the understanding and justification of which is closely connected with the theoretical principles of the metabolism of these molecules. However, today, the biology and metabolism of cTns have not been properly investigated; in particular, we do not know the precise mechanisms of release of these molecules from the myocardial cells (MCs) of healthy people and the mechanisms of circulation, and the elimination of cTns from the bloodstream. The main purpose of this manuscript is to systematize information about the biology of cTns, with an emphasis on the metabolism of cTns. The format of this paper, starting with the release of cTns in the blood and concluding with the metabolism/filtration of troponins, provides a comprehensive yet logically easy way for the readers to approach our current knowledge in the framework of understanding the basic mechanisms by which cTns are produced and processed. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the current literature, the important role of biology and all stages of metabolism (release, circulation, removal) of cTns in laboratory diagnostics should be noted. It is necessary to continue studying the biology and metabolism of cTns, because this will improve the differential diagnosis of MI and i a new application of cTns immunoassays in current clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the original publication, the funder "Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, grant number PG 01/21 SFB, to Stephen F. Burns" was not included. The paper should be as follows: B Funding: b This research was funded by a Planning Grant from the Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education (NIE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, grant number PG 01/21 SFB. The funder "NTU Research Student Scholarship, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, to Zhi Sen Tan" was also not included. [Extracted from the article]

Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Response to Titanium Implant Surface: Extracellular Matrix Deposition. Footnotes 1 B Disclaimer/Publisher's Note: b The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). Reference 1 Marconi D.G., Fonticoli L., Rocca D.Y., Rajan T.S., Piattelli A., Trubiani O., Pizzicannella J., Diomede D. Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Response to Titanium Implant Surface: Extracellular Matrix Deposition. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "An Introduction to Diopatra, the Amazing Ecosystem Engineering Polychaete" published in the journal Biology. The correction addresses an incomplete reference in the legend of Figure 5. The authors provide the correct reference and state that the scientific conclusions of the article remain unaffected. The correction was approved by the Academic Editor and the original article has been updated. The authors of the article are Andrés Arias, Sarah A. Woodin, and Hannelore Paxton. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a taxonomic list of chondrichthyan fishes in Croatian waters and addresses concerns raised by other researchers. The authors argue that national checklists are important for biodiversity management and implementing legislation. They also defend their identification of a species, Odontaspis ferox, as opposed to Carcharias taurus, based on various morphological features. The authors acknowledge the ongoing discussion regarding the validity of Scyliorhinus duhamelii and include it in their list with caution. They also defend the inclusion of Squatina aculeata in the list and clarify the status of Sphyrna tudes as unconfirmed. The authors appreciate additional references provided by other researchers. [Extracted from the article]

The authors of this letter comment on a checklist of chondrichthyan species in Croatia, specifically addressing inaccuracies and issues with the previous checklist. They argue that previous checklists for Croatia have always referred to the whole Adriatic Sea, rather than just Croatian waters. They also dispute the identification of a specific species, Carcharias taurus, based on coloration and other characteristics. The authors suggest that identification based solely on uncertain body photos should be avoided and that jaw and dental characteristics should be used instead. They also question the inclusion of certain species in the checklist, citing lack of solid evidence. The authors conclude by encouraging the avoidance of arbitrary observations and the need for verified evidence in order to avoid confusion in the identification and status of chondrichthyan species. [Extracted from the article]

Fibigr, J.; Satínsky, D.; Solich, P. Current trends in the analysis and quality control of food supplements based on plant extracts. On page 8, Section 3, sixth paragraph, line 4, the word "given EFSA's..." should be changed to "given the EFSA's...". Cerezo, A.B.; Leal, Á.; Álvarez-Fernández, M.A.; Hornedo-Ortega, R.; Troncoso, A.M.; García-Parrilla, M.C. Quality control and determination of melaonin in food supplements. Reference 1 Raposo A., Saraiva A., Ramos F., Carrascosa C., Raheem D., Bárbara R., Silva H. The Role of Food Supplementation in Microcirculation - A Comprehensive Review. [Extracted from the article]

TERT Promoter Revertant Mutation Inhibits Melanoma Growth through Intrinsic Apoptosis. Reference 1 Wang Y., Chen Y., Li C., Xiao Z., Yuan H., Zhang Y., Pang D., Tang X., Li M., Ouyang H. TERT Promoter Revertant Mutation Inhibits Melanoma Growth through Intrinsic Apoptosis. Figure 6O In the original publication, there was a mistake in Figure 6O as published. [Extracted from the article]

Simple Summary: In a broad sense, genomic signature refers to characteristics associated to DNA sequences. Many studies analyze genotype–phenotype patterns in a group of genes, thus targeting genomic signatures associated to a given disease or identifying a gene expression profile. However, some studies in comparative genomics and evolutionary biology refer to genomic signature as the statistical properties of DNA sequences, such as the distribution of k-words. In these fields of study, genomic signatures are species-specific and can be informative about phylogenetic relationships. In this review, we identify the main genomic signatures in a large collection of articles by performing a bibliometric analysis and then rename each signature according to its conceptual meaning. Among the different signatures, we use the term organismal signature to denote the DNA patterns able to infer evolutionary relationships and go on to review its formulation and applications in the second part of the article. Organisms are unique physical entities in which information is stored and continuously processed. The digital nature of DNA sequences enables the construction of a dynamic information reservoir. However, the distinction between the hardware and software components in the information flow is crucial to identify the mechanisms generating specific genomic signatures. In this work, we perform a bibliometric analysis to identify the different purposes of looking for particular patterns in DNA sequences associated with a given phenotype. This study has enabled us to make a conceptual breakdown of the genomic signature and differentiate the leading applications. On the one hand, it refers to gene expression profiling associated with a biological function, which may be shared across taxa. This signature is the focus of study in precision medicine. On the other hand, it also refers to characteristic patterns in species-specific DNA sequences. This interpretation plays a key role in comparative genomics, identifying evolutionary relationships. Looking at the relevant studies in our bibliographic database, we highlight the main factors causing heterogeneities in genome composition and how they can be quantified. All these findings lead us to reformulate some questions relevant to evolutionary biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There was an accidental exchange in the caption of P-selectin (which should be on platelet surface) and PSGL-1 (which should be on leucocyte) during the editing of Figure 1. Platelet-Leucocyte Aggregates as Novel Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Diseases. Error in Figure In the original publication, there was a mistake in Figure 1 as published. [Extracted from the article]

Error in Affiliation In the original publication, there were some errors in the affiliation(s) for Masayuki Tanaka, Sanae Isaki, Keiko Yokoyama and Akira Miyajima. Reference 1 Komiyama T., Kim H., Tanaka M., Isaki S., Yokoyama K., Miyajima A., Kobayashi H. RNA-seq and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Adrenal Gland Metastatic Tissue in a Patient with Renal Cell Carcinoma. RNA-seq and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Adrenal Gland Metastatic Tissue in a Patient with Renal Cell Carcinoma. [Extracted from the article]

Simple Summary: Currently, knowledge on chaos has developed rapidly, and the link between cancer and "genomic chaos" seems obvious. Hopes for a deeper understanding of cancer, allowing cancer modeling, therefore relate to the meaning of the term "chaos". It has many meanings, however. Chaos theory and medicine are conceptually quite distant, requiring the comparison and agreement of terms. This article was written by three authors whose fields cover both medical problems and complex dynamic networks suitable for modeling cancer, including chaotic phenomena. The article provides, first of all, a coherent, common interpretative basis linking chaos with modeling tools, which should significantly facilitate teams of specialists from various fields to undertake specific work on simulating cancer-related phenomena. In the search of theoretical models describing cancer, one of promising directions is chaos. It is connected to ideas of "genome chaos" and "life on the edge of chaos", but they profoundly differ in the meaning of the term "chaos". To build any coherent models, notions used by both ideas should be firstly brought closer. The hypothesis "life on the edge of chaos" using deterministic chaos has been radically deepened developed in recent years by the discovery of half-chaos. This new view requires a deeper interpretation within the range of the cell and the organism. It has impacts on understanding "chaos" in the term "genome chaos". This study intends to present such an interpretation on the basis of which such searches will be easier and closer to intuition. We interpret genome chaos as deterministic chaos in a large module of half-chaotic network modeling the cell. We observed such chaotic modules in simulations of evolution controlled by weaker variant of natural selection. We also discuss differences between free and somatic cells in modeling their disturbance using half-chaotic networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Blind mole rats (BMR) (Spalax, Nannospalax sp.) are extraordinary organisms with cancer resistance and a long lifespan for their size. Cellular senescence is a condition in which cells cease dividing irreversibly and secrete proinflammatory cytokines. To understand the mechanisms behind their superior traits, we utilized transcriptomics and proteomics tools in senescent BMR cells to compare them to similarly sized mice. The results revealed the alterations in Janus kinase (JAK) signaling and the cytokine-mediated pathway during the cellular senescence process in BMRs. These findings might reveal the novel mechanisms behind the unique biology of BMRs through cytokine-mediated adaptations. The blind mole rat (BMR), a long-living subterranean rodent, is an exceptional model for both aging and cancer research since they do not display age-related phenotypes or tumor formation. The Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) signaling is a cytokine-stimulated pathway that has a crucial role in immune regulation, proliferation, and cytokine production. Therefore, the pathway has recently attracted interest in cellular senescence studies. Here, by using publicly available data, we report that JAK–STAT signaling was suppressed in the BMR in comparison to the mouse. Interestingly, our experimental results showed upregulated Jak1/2 expressions in BMR fibroblasts during the replicative senescence process. The transcriptomic analysis using publicly available data also demonstrated that various cytokines related to JAK–STAT signaling were upregulated in the late passage cells, while some other cytokines such as MMPs and SERPINs were downregulated, representing a possible balance of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) in the BMR. Finally, our proteomics data also confirmed cytokine-mediated signaling activation in senescent BMR fibroblasts. Together, our findings suggest the critical role of JAK–STAT and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways during cellular senescence, pointing to the possible contribution of divergent inflammatory factors to the superior resistance of aging and cancer in BMRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Holothuria mammata is one of the sea cucumber species with high commercial value and great demand in Asian markets; however, the existent knowledge about the biology and ecology of this species is scarce. This study aims to describe the reproductive cycle of H. mammata in a coastal area of southwest Portugal through monthly collections of biometric data and environmental data. The sex ratio of H. mammata was 1:1.2 (male:female), and the size at first sexual maturity was 142 mm for males and 167 mm for females. Gonad development began when days had a shorter photoperiod and lower seawater temperature, and spawning occurred later, with longer photoperiod and higher seawater temperature and chlorophyll-a concentrations. This study is essential to increase the biological and ecological knowledge of the populations of H. mammata, create conditions for the domestication of broodstock in captivity and create precise measures for the conservation of ecosystems. Holothuria mammata is one of the most valuable species of sea cucumber, as well as one of the main target species harvested in the Mediterranean and NE-Atlantic regions. This study aims to describe the reproductive cycle of H. mammata in a coastal area of southwest Portugal. Monthly samplings were carried out for 19 months, with the concomitant collection of environmental data and biometric data. H. mammata had a sex ratio of 1:1.2 (male:female) and a size at first maturity of 142 mm for males and 167 mm for females. The gonadosomatic index (GI) peaked between April and May for both sexes. Gonad development started when days had a shorter photoperiod (9 to 13 h of sunlight) and lower seawater temperature (<15 °C), and spawning occurred later, with longer photoperiod (13 to 15 h of sunlight) and higher seawater temperature (>15 °C) and chlorophyll-a concentrations. The development of new studies to increase the biological and ecological knowledge of the populations of H. mammata is essential to create conditions for the domestication of broodstock in captivity, to allow the development of fishing regulations based on informed decisions and to create precise measures for the conservation of ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Among the 123 currently accepted species of the genus Stachybotrys, S. chartarum consistently deserves special attention. This one is the most frequently isolated species of the aforementioned genus and one of the world's 10 most hazardous fungi. S. chartarum owes its notoriety to the secondary metabolites that are released in the host environment. Interaction of these metabolites with mucous membranes of the respiratory or digestive tract and with the skin can induce necrotic changes and even life-threatening pulmonary or gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Pulmonary hemorrhage was of major concern to the public when, in the period of 1993–1998, this ailment was identified in 138 infants in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, among which 12 cases were fatal. Since this first documented outbreak, the number of publications dealing with the toxigenic properties of this fungus, and even its potential pathogenicity, has rapidly grown. In this comprehensive review we present the most updated information about taxonomy, macro- and micromorphology, biology and ecology of this fungus. Within this work, we focus on the factors that prompted this fungus to be extremely dangerous for people and animals living in moldy conditions, as well as antifungals efficient in its eradication from indoor environments. In nature, there are many species of fungi known to produce various mycotoxins, allergens and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as well as the commonly known etiological agents of various types of mycoses. So far, none of them have provoked so much emotion among homeowners, builders, conservators, mycologists and clinicians as Stachybotrys chartarum. This species compared to fungi of the genera Fusarium and Aspergillus is not as frequently described to be a micromycete that is toxigenic and hazardous to human and animal health, but interest in it has been growing consistently for three decades. Depending on the authors of any given review article, attention is focused either on the clinical aspects alongside the role of this fungus in deterioration of biomaterials, or aspects related to its biology, ecology and taxonomic position. On the one hand, it is well established that inhalation of conidia, containing the highest concentrations of toxic metabolites, may cause serious damage to the mammalian lung, particularly with repeated exposure. On the other hand, we can find articles in which authors demonstrate that S. chartarum conidia can germinate and form hyphae in lungs but are not able to establish an effective infection. Finally, we can find case reports that suggest that S. chartarum infection is linked with acute pulmonary hemorrhage, based on fungal structures recovered from patient lung tissue. New scientific reports have verified the current state of knowledge and note that clinical significance of this fungus is exceedingly controversial. For these reasons, understanding S. chartarum requires reviewing the well-known toxigenic features and harmful factors associated with this fungus, by gathering the newest ones into a coherent whole. The research problem related to this fungus seems to be not overly publicized, and there is still a demand to truthfully define the real threats of S. chartarum and phylogenetically related species. The most important problem, which should be fully elucidated as soon as possible, remains the clarification of the pathogenicity of S. chartarum and related species. Maybe it is urgent time to ask a critical question, namely what exactly do we know 28 years after the outbreak of pulmonary hemorrhage in infants in Cleveland, Ohio, USA most likely caused by S. chartarum? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of the JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN Gene Family Reveals the Canonical JA-Signaling Pathway in Pineapple. Text Correction In the original publication, there was a mistake in the subtitle of 2.8. The scale on the left is for chromosomes in megabases (B) Phylogenetic relationship of JAZ proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and pineapple. [Extracted from the article]

Tribe Tachinusini Fleming, 1821 stat. rev., sensu nov., replace the text "Pronotum (Figures 51 and 58) of typical Tachyporinae sensu nov. from except in I Nepaliodes i (Figure 58C: 49-4), usually widest between basal 1/4 to middle (Figures 51, (A) (B) 58B: 50-3)" with "Pronotum (Figures 51 and 58) of typical Tachyporinae sensu nov. form except in I Nepaliodes i (Figure 58C: 49-4), usually widest between basal 1/4 to middle (Figures 51A,B and 58A: 50-3)". References 1 Yamamoto S. Tachyporinae Revisited: Phylogeny, Evolution, and Higher Classification Based on Morphology, with Recognition of a New Rove Beetle Subfamily (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Correction: Yamamoto, S. Tachyporinae Revisited: Phylogeny, Evolution, and Higher Classification Based on Morphology, with Recognition of a New Rove Beetle Subfamily (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). [Extracted from the article]