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This paper expands on concepts of and approaches to Land-based research through the investigation of sonic (sound) archiving strategies and how these are used as a mode of mapping meant to help preserve oral/aural forms of knowledge, experience, memory, and expressions of Land literacy (Land knowledge) through sound recording work. Building on growing fields such as sound studies, performance studies, and Indigenous studies, we look at ways to re-'map' or re-call knowledge through Land-based methods that are rooted in our interactive Land-based research project, "Sonic Coordinates."

The founding of Halifax in 1749 was a watershed in British imperial policy. The settlement was state-funded and served political, not commercial, aims. Mapping—the creation and representation of geographic knowledge—was essential to Halifax's success because it shaped Britain's relationship to the land and subsequently influenced how Britons in the settlement interacted with each other and with resistant groups. Cartographic knowledge was never static, but instead was affected by cultural, political, and economic realities that directed the work of local commissioned surveyors like Charles Morris, and metropolitan public mapmakers like Thomas Jefferys. From 1744 to 1755, geographic imaginings of Halifax changed to address specific imperial goals: first, reconnaissance maps and surveys delimited boundaries and provided data; second, early settlement geographic knowledge established Britain's claim to the Halifax region by controlling the Native presence and emphasizing British strength; and third, 'popular' cartography rallied support for the empire by promoting attractive imperial images among Britons. Geographic knowledge produced from the Halifax settlement indicates that spatial information was Janus-faced: maps and reports negotiated a fine line between value-free geographic information and imperially favourable geographic imaginations. In each case mapping and its cartographic evidence were key independent variables in the socio-political organization of power that situated early modern Canada in a British Atlantic world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six papers on geographic information systems cover the future of geographic information systems, land information systems modernization in Wisconsin, the Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) System of the U.S. Bureau of the Census, satellite remote sensing, geographic information systems and sustainable development, and the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis. (104 references) (MES)

Maps engage both with the 'not there' and the 'not yet' by simultaneously envisioning the future and tracing the lines of new geographies of development. Starting from these premises, the paper explores the complex relationship between cartography and hydrocarbon exploration in the Canadian Northwest. Through a selection of maps and mapping initiatives, it is shown how cartography has sustained specific geographic imaginaries of the North, such as the 'energy frontier', by infusing diverse hopes in the map-readers. Frontier-making through maps is, in this sense, a particularly difficult process to grasp, being influenced by overlapping interventions and agendas. The paper argues that it is because of their continuous mobilization of hope – regardless of whether this is directed towards oil or sovereignty – that maps should be treated as extremely powerful technologies, which contribute to transforming Canada's northwest energy frontier into a 'sticky' and thus potentially unescapable site of promise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narratives and places are deeply connected. Places often contribute to the shaping of a story, just as stories contribute to the production of spatial identities. Mapping narratives can thus have a double goal: to explore the geographic structure of a story, and to better understand the impact of stories on the production of places. While it may be easy to locate narratives as points on a map, this type of representation is rarely relevant in capturing and characterising the complex spatio-temporal dimensions of the narratives. In this paper, we present a cyber-cartographic application designed to address this issue and provide solutions to help properly map some of the many dimensions of narratives, including the places of the narration (geography), the connection between these places (geometry), as well as the temporal dimension inherent to storytelling. This application, originally developed to map contemporary Canadian cinematographic narratives (see examples here:http://scaquard.classone-tech.com/), opens new perspectives and raises a range of issues to mapping a multitude of stories, including fictional work, vernacular knowledge, personal experience and collective memories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method for automated detection of changes between updated larger-scale (1:10,000) maps and to-be-updated smaller-scale (1:50,000) maps, with settlements as an example. In the method, (i) discrepancies between two maps are detected and recognized through an exhaustive comparison of map features; (ii) these discrepancies are then quantified and represented in a formalized way; (iii) with a combination of cause analysis and quantification of discrepancies, a series of rules are formulated to distinguish updates from discrepancies. Real-life data are used to verify the effectiveness of this method and the results suggest that the new method works well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper posits journalists as cartographers who, through their reporting, produce a news geography which maps the world and sketches the contours and connections of their communities within that world. Employing a methodology adapted to the analysis of newspaper sites on the World Wide Web, this paper reports on an intensive news-flow study of the on-line editions of Canada's three national newspapers - the Globe and Mail, the National Post and Le Devoir - to determine whether these newspapers are taking advantage of the Internet's technological capacity to expand their news geographies beyond conventional borders. We argue that not only do these newspapers portray a highly circumscribed world, but they fail to exploit fully even the national space of Canada, thus reinforcing the conventional news value of proximity - physical, cultural or emotional closeness - as a strongly determinant factor in mapping their news worlds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internet provides almost unlimited opportunities for accessing information and on-line services. The government of Canada is restructuring its services to take advantage of this medium. While web-based distribution of visual maps has been a reality for several years, production of maps for people with special needs poses new challenges, as additional accessibility requirements have to be met. This paper shares the Canadian experience of developing accessible tactile and audio-tactile maps for blind and partially sighted people. 'Government On-Line' involves partnerships between government departments to develop a portal specifically tailored to providing information and services for people with disabilities, their families, care givers and service providers. The Mapping for Visually Impaired Web site is an integral part of this broader initiative providing tactile maps for education, mobility training, transportation and tourism. Additionally a Web-4-All project will facilitate learning about Canada's geography and improve mobility options for blind and partially sighted people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To be granted status, refugee claimants have to testify at the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRB). This liminal space is charged with both the promise of liberation and the threat of deportation. Adding to the challenge are the governmental measures that constrain the right to asylum. This paper suggests answers to the question: What language and other discursive features do LGBTIQ claimants have to use to be recognized as refugees? This ethnography is based on fieldwork conducted in Toronto and Vancouver. I will present two vignettes of claimants I accompanied to their hearings. Contrary to heterosexuals, queer asylum seekers have to prove their sexual orientation and/or their gender identity. Truth about their sexuality and persecution is evaluated through the lens of legal technologies, and stereotypes are still common. However, extralegal forms of communication also come into play. New avenues for justice are being fostered by grassroots organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of the Association of American Geographers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper describes the development of cybercartography since the introduction of the term in 1997. Although the origins of cybercartography were largely conceptual in nature, the evolution of cybercartography to date has been an iterative process reflecting the creative interplay between theory and practice. A major step forward was made in 2002 when the Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre at Carleton University received a $2.5 million grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada to explore the utility of cybercartography to what was described as the New Economy. By 2006, the interaction between theory and practice had led to considerable advances in cybercartography as a holistic, location-based concept and two new cybercartographic products, the Cybercartographic Atlas of Antarctica and the Cybercartographic Atlas of Canada's Trade with the World, were produced. Between 2006 and 2009, cybercartography was further developed as a result of interaction with indigenous communities, especially in Canada's north and new interactive atlases such as the Kitikmeot Place Names Atlas and the Community Atlas of Arctic Bay were created in cooperation with the communities involved. The Nunaliit Cybercartographic Atlas Framework, built using open source software and open specifications and standards, was developed to facilitate direct input to these atlases. Cybercartography is now entering a new phase in both theory and practice building on a recently completed prototype atlas of Indigenous Perspectives and Knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topographic correction based on sun-canopy-sensor (SCS) geometry is more appropriate than terrain-based corrections in forested areas since SCS preserves the geotropic nature of trees (vertical growth) regardless of terrain, view, and illumination angles. However, in some terrain orientations, SCS experiences an overcorrection problem similar to other simple photometric functions. To address this problem, we propose a new SCS+C correction that accounts for diffuse atmospheric irradiance based on the C-correction. A rigorous, comprehensive, and flexible method for independent validation based on canopy geometric optical reflectance models is also introduced as an improvement over previous validation approaches, and forms a secondary contribution of this paper. Results for a full range of slopes, aspects, and crown closures showed SCS+C provided improved corrections compared to the SCS and four other photometric approaches (cosine, C, Minnaert, statistical-empirical) for a Rocky Mountain forest setting in western Canada. It was concluded that SCS+C should be considered for topographic correction of remote sensing imagery in forested terrain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than 100 years the Atlas of Canada, published by Natural Resources Canada, has told the story of Canada through geographical and historical maps reflecting the country's social, environmental, and economic diversity. The Atlas' original North Circumpolar Region map was published in 1990; revisions followed in 1996, 1997, and 2004. The latest edition, published in 2008 for the International Polar Year, reflects significant progress in data collection, data integration, and cartographic methods. The revision process presented a number of challenges that led to innovative cartographic and technical solutions. This article focuses on some of the objectives, challenges, and methods associated with undersea and terrestrial relief, bathymetry, drainage features, sea ice, glaciers, and ice shelves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annual clearcut mapping is currently done in Canada mainly from photo-interpretation of aerial photographs. An advantageous alternative would use digital imagery. Optical imagery acquisition depends on weather and illumination conditions, but not radar images. This paper documents the state of practice in Canada in the use of radar digital images for clearcut mapping, with regards to the type of images used, to the influence of environmental conditions, the band, polarization, time of the year, and incidence angles, as well as to the mapping accuracy. Synergism between optical and radar images is also discussed. Finally, a few experimental automated mapping systems using radar imageries are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on a study which reported a descriptive ad systematic comparison of official provincial travel maps in Canada. Discussion on travel and tourism maps as a neglected area of research in studies of both cartography and tourism; Content and design features which are accepted as standard on official travel maps in Canada; Changes in content and the way information is displayed on the map.

Copyright of Terrae Incognitae is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Presents information on the joint annual meeting of the Association of the Canadian Map Library and Archives and the Canadian Cartographic Association (CCA) at Memorial University of Newfoundland in Canada from July 26-30, 2005. Activities and programs included in the event; Significance of the conference to the contributions made by CCA to the practice of cartography; Number of conference attendees included in the post-conference field trip.

Copyright of Cartographica is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Understanding the development of landscape patterns over broad spatial and temporal scales is a major contribution to ecological sciences and is a critical area of research for forested land management. Boreal forests represent an excellent case study for such research because these forests have undergone significant changes over recent decades. We analyzed the temporal trends of four widely-used landscape pattern indices for boreal forests of Canada: forest cover, largest forest patch index, forest edge density, and core (interior) forest cover. The indices were computed over landscape extents ranging from 5,000 ha (n = 18,185) to 50,000 ha (n = 1,662) and across nine major ecozones of Canada. We used 26 years of Landsat satellite imagery to derive annualized trends of the landscape pattern indices. The largest declines in forest cover, largest forest patch index, and core forest cover were observed in the Boreal Shield, Boreal Plain, and Boreal Cordillera ecozones. Forest edge density increased at all landscape extents for all ecozones. Rapidly changing landscapes, defined as the 90th percentile of forest cover change, were among the most forested initially and were characterized by four times greater decrease in largest forest patch index, three times greater increase in forest edge density, and four times greater decrease in core forest cover compared with all 50,000 ha landscapes. Moreover, approximately 18% of all 50,000 ha landscapes did not change due to a lack of disturbance. The pattern database results provide important context for forest management agencies committed to implementing ecosystem-based management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights the sixth international automated cartography symposium in Ottawa, Ontario. Theme of the symposium; Number of registrants attended from different countries; Organization of the symposium by a steering committee chaired by D. R. F. Taylor of Carleton University.

Digital cartography offers exciting opportunities for recording indigenous knowledge, particularly in contexts where a people's relationship to the land has high cultural significance. Canada's north offers a useful case study of both the opportunities and challenges of such projects. Through the Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre (GCRC), Inuit peoples have been invited to become partners in innovative digital mapping projects, including creating atlases of traditional place names, recording the patterns and movement of sea ice, and recording previously uncharted and often shifting traditional routes over ice and tundra. Such projects have generated interest in local communities because of their potential to record and preserve traditional knowledge and because they offer an attractive visual and multimedia interface that can address linguistic and cultural concerns. But given corporations' growing interest in the natural resources of the Arctic and the concomitant rise in government concern about claims to Arctic sovereignty, such maps may also be of interest to a broad range of actors and for a variety of purposes. Because these projects rely heavily upon, and record, oral knowledge, and because they convert such knowledge into highly malleable and easily disseminated digital content, they raise challenging issues around informed consent, intellectual and cultural property, and privacy. This article identifies and examines these issues and describes the collaborative and interdisciplinary research established to identify and address the use of traditional knowledge in digital cartography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers cartography-related updates in Canada in 2011. The Canadian Cartographic Association (CCA) and the Canadian Association of Geographers (CAG) have joined at the CCA Annual Meeting held from May 31 to June 3 in Calgary, Alberta. The Twenty-fifth International Cartographic Conference and Fifteenth General Assembly of the International Cartographic Association were held from July 3-8 in Paris, France. Barbara Gutsell, the founder of a cartographic journal has died on July 19.

The map A flowline map of glaciated Canada based on remote sensingdata presents flowlines for the former Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets based on flow indicators derived from aggregated, flow-parallel landforms — drumlins and crag and tails, fluting, sinuous ridges and furrows, and rises. An extensive review introduces the concepts and evolution of flowline mapping at continental-ice-sheet and regional scales, emphasizing the use of new remote sensing data. Coherent, glaciologically plausible sets of flowlines mapped as flow tracts reflect large-scale flow structure in the paleo-ice sheets and demarcate fields of flow-parallel bedforms. In addition to flow reconstruction, mapped distributions of fields of glacial terrain types — hummocky terrain, Rogen terrain, and bedrock-dominant terrain — increase our power to interpret flowlines and, in turn, give evidence on the genesis of these terrains. End moraines and eskers also aid map interpretation. Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+) satellite images and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) hill shades provide the basic information for this flowline mapping in a Geographical Information System (ArcMap). Information on the Flowline Map allows us to develop conceptual models of ice sheets and to appreciate regional constraints on applications in mineral exploration, in aggregate and groundwater discovery and assessment, in soil and landform genesis, and in glaciology, paleoclimatology, and paleoceanography. « La carte de l’écoulement glaciaire au Canada, tracée à partir de données de télédétection présente les directions d’écoulement des anciens inlandsis Laurentidien et de la Cordillère basées sur des indicateurs d’écoulement dérivés de formes de terrain regroupées parallèles à l’écoulement — des drumlins, des traînées morainiques à l’aval d’un nez rocheux, des rainures glaciaires, des crêtes et des sillons sinueux et des soulèvements. Une révision exhaustive présente les concepts et l’évolution de la cartographie des lignes d’écoulement à l’échelle régionale et des inlandsis continentaux, mettant l’accent sur l’utilisation des nouvelles données de télédétection. Des ensembles cohérents, et plausibles d’un point de vue de la glaciologie, de lignes d’écoulement cartographiés en tant qu’étendues d’écoulement reflètent une structure d’écoulement à grande échelle dans les paléo-inlandsis et ils délimitent des champs de morphologie de fond parallèles à l’écoulement. En plus de la reconstruction de l’écoulement, des distributions cartographiées de champs de types de terrains glaciaires — terrain en bosses et creux, terrain de Rogen et un terrain dominé par le roc du socle — rehaussent notre capacité d’interprétation les lignes d’écoulement et, donc, de fournir des évidences de la genèse de ces terrains. Les moraines frontales et les eskers peuvent aussi aider à interpréter les cartes. Les images satellites Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+) et le relief ombragé fourni par la Shuttle Radar Topography Mission fournissent l’information de base pour cette cartographie des lignes d’écoulement dans un système d’information géographique (ArcMap). L’information contenue dans la carte d’écoulement nous permet de développer des modèles conceptuels des inlandsis et d’appliquer des limites régionales sur les applications en exploration minérale pour la découverte et l’évaluation de l’eau souterraine et des agrégats, dans la genèse des sols et des formes de terrain ainsi qu’en glaciologie, en paléoclimatologie et en paléo-océanographie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal is to determine the extent to which heterogeneous inland wetland vegetation communities and their dominant species, as well as adjacent upland vegetation types, can be mapped using 4-m hyperspectral Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) data. Two classification algorithms, the maximum-likelihood classifier (MLC) and the spectral angle mapper (SAM), are applied to CASI data acquired over an inland wetland complex located in southern Ontario, Canada. Application of the MLC algorithm to all bands of the CASI data produced better classification results than use of the SAM. Using the MLC, 10 classes were identified with an overall accuracy of 92%. This approach permitted differentiation between areas of shrub-dominated vegetation communities, floating aquatic communities, emergent aquatics and shallow open water. In the SAM classification, 11 image-derived spectral endmembers were generated. Wetland classes identified were shrub-dominated wetlands, floating aquatic vegetation communities, shallow open water and moderately turbid shallow open water. Upland vegetation types were accurately mapped with both algorithms. Reasons why the SAM did not perform as well as the MLC in this complex environment are suggested. It is concluded that high-resolution hyperspectral data can provide information needed by wetland managers about inland wetland plant communities and their dominant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential to the fur trade and to colonial expansion into Canada, métissage considerably marked Canadian history by creating new cultural spaces – Métis geographies – between Aboriginal and European societies. My objective here is to investigate the role of colonial maps – from the French regime up to the late nineteenth century – in the mental representation of these specific Métis geographies and in the development and evolution of the idea of métissage . The idea of métissage reveals colonial ambivalence. The idea is, in fact, built upon the dialectic between recognition and denial, the latter mostly fed by discourses of anti-métissage . Although colonial officials were often forced to acknowledge Euro-Indian métissage at colonial margins, they never completely accepted the idea that “primitive” and European cultures could be mixed. Métissage was acceptable insofar as it was marginal (socially and spatially speaking) and did not endanger the spread of “civilization.” Maps represent colonial ambiguity toward métissage . On the one hand, given their intent to be objective accounts of geographic reality and their dependence on the geographic information provided by Aboriginal peoples, maps record, at the margins of colonial reach, the nascent manifestation of Métis geographies. On the other hand, because they are sociocultural constructions, maps are components of the discourse of anti-métissage; while Métis geographies were sometimes visually silenced, at other times they were cartographically erased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System (CFFDRS) is used daily across Canada for evaluating forest fire danger. Fuel-type information is one of the inputs required by the models used in the CFFDRS. In this project, three fuel-type maps with a 25 m resolution were produced for a pilot study area located in Alberta using land cover only; land cover and biomass; and, land cover, biomass and leaf area index data derived from satellite imagery. The relationships between inputs and fuel types were determined mainly by the opinions of forest fire scientists and incorporated into a computer program using fuzzy set methodology. Not all the CFFDRS fuel types could be distinguished using these inputs; three of the coniferous types had to be grouped into one common fuel type. Overall accuracy was between 74 and 83% based on ground-truth comparisons. The most accurate map resulted from land cover and biomass data. Detailed accuracy assessment indicated that the overall accuracy increased up to 86% if ambiguous fuel type identification was considered. No combination of inputs was able to define a fuel type with absolute certainty, which is a reflection of differing expert opinions and the small number of inputs used to produce the maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posterior probabilities of occurrence for Zn-Pb Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) mineralization were calculated based on evidence maps derived from regional geology, Landsat-TM, RADARSAT-1, a digital elevation model and aeromagnetic data sets in the Borden Basin of northern Baffin Island, Canada. The vector representation of geological contacts and fault traces were refined according to their characteristics identified in Landsat-TM, RADARSAT-1, DEM, slope, aspect, and shaded relief data layers. Within the study area, there is an association between the occurrence of MVT mineralization and proximity to the contact of platformal carbonates and shale units of the adjacent geological formation. A spatial association also tends to exist between mineralization and proximity to E-W and NW-SE trending faults. The relationships of known MVT occurrences with the geological features were investigated by spatial statistical techniques to generate evidence maps. Supervised classification and filtering were applied to Landsat-TM data to divide the Society Cliffs Formation into major stratigraphic subunits. Because iron oxides have been observed at some of the MVT occurrences within the Borden Basin, Landsat-TM data band ratio (3/1) was calculated to highlight the potential presence of iron-oxides as another evidence map. Processed Landsat-TM data and other derived geological evidence maps provided useful indicators for identifying areas of potential MVT mineralization. Weights of evidence and logistic regression were used independently to integrate and generate posterior probability maps showing areas of potential mineralization based on all derived evidence maps. Results indicate that in spite of the lack of important data sets such as stream or lake sediment geochemistry, Landsat-TM data and regional geological data can be useful for MVT mineral-potential mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Digital elevatio models (DEMs) were generated from a stereo pair using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiomete (ASTER) backward and nadir images with 27.7° intersection angles (B/H = 0.6) over a high relief area of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Fifteen ground control points were a good compromise to compute the stereo-bundle adjustment when they are only 25-30 m precise to avoid their error propagation in the modeling. It enabled to keep accuracy on the order of one pixel (15 m). DEM accuracy was then evaluated along the full process and as a function of different parameters. Applying the calibration of charge-coupled devices in order to reduce the striping effects improves the DEM accuracy by a factor of 10%. The major problems in the image matching were the clouds, snow, lakes, and occluded/shadowed areas, which generated mismatched areas and "artificial" relief in the lakes (1000-2000 m) during the correlation process and the automatic interpolation method. Postprocessing the DEM with semiautomatic three-dimensional tools improved its accuracy by a factor of 10%. The final results (LE68 and LE90 of 28 and 51 m, respectively) were obtained with the interactive correction of lake elevations, but without taking into account the large mismatched areas, which were specific to this challenging mountainous study site. The final results demonstrated that the DEM was almost linearly correlated with the terrain slopes, and 20-m LE68 can be obtained on a medium topography. The bidirectional reflectance distribution function and local topography effects should then be corrected on the ASTER stereo images to improve DEM extraction in an iterative processing method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underwater kelp seasonal variation is assessed through the comparative analysis of HRV and Thematic Mapper (TM) images of Baie des Chaleurs between Caps-Noirs and Pointe-Bonaventure, Quebec. The total biomass is estimated, based on the morphology of the dominant species Laminaria longicruris. Kelp-covered and kelp-free areas are differentiated from each other in water depth of 0-6 m and 0-7 m with the HRV and TM images, respectively. The median biomass estimated for the kelp-covered category of the classified image is (1500_400)g m[sup -2]. The multidate image shows a spatial variation of the kelp beds in 45% of the area. Areas where no change occurred occupy at least 70 ha, while growth and decay of kelp are observed in much smaller areas, in shallow water and at the boundary of kelp beds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on mountain cartography in Canada. Information on national and provincial mountain park maps from 1970-1995; Overview of mapping activities at Natural Resources Canada; Private mapping initiatives; Background on mountain cartography research; Conclusions.

Presents a comprehensive overview of the SAS/GRAPH system. Evaluation of its cartographic procedure; Strengths and weaknesses of SAS/GRAPH in a variety of cartographic applications; Use of the software for statistical analysis and data base management; Use of the cartographic procedures in research on mapping ethno-cultural census data from metropolitan areas in Ontario.

Investigates the way in which maps helped to actualize the territorial dispossession of the original inhabitants of what is now British Columbia. Use of a materialist hermeneutic; Maps as social constructions of reality; Variety of interpretive methodologies.

Offers a contribution to a debate conducted on issues pertaining the geography of power, the nation-state, cartographic history and postcolonial theory. Reference to the book `Historical Atlas of Canada'; Details on the commencement of land rights laws in Canada; Identification of two examples of national negotiation.

Four burned area tools were implemented in Google Earth Engine (GEE), to obtain regular processes related to burned area (BA) mapping, using medium spatial resolution sensors (Landsat and Sentinel-2). The four tools are (i) the BA Cartography tool for supervised burned area over the user-selected extent and period, (ii) two tools implementing a BA stratified random sampling to select the scenes and dates for validation, and (iii) the BA Reference Perimeter tool to obtain highly accurate BA maps that focus on validating coarser BA products. Burned Area Mapping Tools (BAMTs) go beyond the previously implemented Burned Area Mapping Software (BAMS) because of GEE parallel processing capabilities and preloaded geospatial datasets. BAMT also allows temporal image composites to be exploited in order to obtain BA maps over a larger extent and longer temporal periods. The tools consist of four scripts executable from the GEE Code Editor. The tools' performance was discussed in two case studies: in the 2019/2020 fire season in Southeast Australia, where the BA cartography detected more than 50,000 km2, using Landsat data with commission and omission errors below 12% when compared to Sentinel-2 imagery; and in the 2018 summer wildfires in Canada, where it was found that around 16,000 km2 had burned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the author presents views on the article "Landslide susceptibility mapping of the Sea to Sky transportation corridor, British Columbia, Canada: comparison of two methods," by A. Blais-Stevens and colleagues. The author says that they carried out landslide susceptibility mapping exercise with one heuristic and one fuzzy logic method. The author further says that they have carried out different sampling strategies.

Features the Canadian Cartographic Association (CCA). Outline of the objectives of CCA; Role of CCA in promoting Canada's interests at the international level; Background on CCA meetings across Canada.