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Bangladesh's recent doorway to the spectacular growth trajectory is largely associated with the shared contributions of globalization, FDI, trade, economic growth, urbanization, energy consumption, innovation, and institutional quality that affect its natural environment. Earlier studies hardly incorporated these dynamics together especially innovation and institutional quality to examine their impacts on environmental degradation in Bangladesh. This study attempts to scrutinize the effect of globalization, foreign direct investment, economic growth, trade, innovation, urbanization, and energy consumption on CO 2 emissions in the presence of institutional quality in Bangladesh over the period 1972-2016 by utilizing dynamic ARDL simulations' model by Jordan and Philips (2018). The investigated results depict that globalization; foreign direct investment, and innovation have a negative effect on CO 2 emissions in improving environmental quality while economic growth, trade, energy consumption, and urbanization positively impact CO 2 emissions and hence stimulate environmental degradation both in the long and short run. Besides, institutional quality measured by the political terror scale (PTS) affects CO 2 emissions positively and thereby degrades the quality of the environment in both the long and short run. Therefore, policy implication should go toward encouraging globalization, foreign direct investment and innovation; and the sensible utilization of income growth, trade potentials, energy consumption, urbanization and institution is required for the sake of environmental quality in Bangladesh., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Several studies have highlighted the significant impact of climate change on agriculture. However, there have been little empirical enquiries into the impact of climate change on marine fish production, particularly in Bangladesh. Hence, this study aims to investigate the impact of climate change on marine fish production in Bangladesh using data from 1961 to 2019. Data were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization, Bangladesh Meteorological Department, the World Development Indicators, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was used to describe the dynamic link between CO 2 emissions, average temperature, Sea Surface Temperature (SST), rainfall, sunshine, wind and marine fish production. The ARDL approach to cointegration revealed that SST (β = 0.258), rainfall (β =0.297), and sunshine (β =0.663) significantly influence marine fish production at 1% and 10% levels in the short run and at 1% level in the long run. The results also found that average temperature has a significant negative impact on fish production in both short and long runs. On the other hand, CO 2 emissions have a negative impact on marine fish production in the short run. Specifically, for every 1% rise in CO 2 emissions, marine fish production will decline by 0.11%. The findings of this study suggest that policymakers formulate better policy frameworks for climate change adaptation and sustainable management of marine fisheries at the national level. Research and development in Bangladesh's fisheries sector should also focus on marine fish species that can resist high sea surface temperatures, CO 2 emissions, and average temperatures., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Bangladesh has significant natural gas reserves, and total demand has climbed substantially in recent years. The study uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model for cointegration and the vector autoregressive(VAR) Granger causality model to analyze a long-run link between natural gas (NG) consumption, economic development, urbanization, and CO 2 emissions. The objective is to investigate the relationship between the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and Bangladesh's NG consumption using data from the years 1990 to 2018. According to the ARDL model, economic growth, urbanization, and NG consumption, all have a positive and significant influence on CO 2 emissions. Despite having a negative coefficient, the square of economic development has a significant impact on CO 2 emissions. In the long run, it verifies the EKC hypothesis in Bangladesh. Both linear and nonlinear economic development determinants display statistically significant positive and negative signals in the short run. From Bangladesh's perspective, this also demonstrates the presence of an EKC. The impact of NG consumption in the short run is insignificant; nevertheless, urbanization has a significant effect. The VAR Granger causality demonstrates that economic development and urbanization have a bidirectional response; however, NG consumption and CO 2 emissions have just one-way causality. The key policy implication of the study is that NG use is expected to raise emissions. Increasing the share of clean energy in the energy utilization system, such as nuclear power and renewable energy, is a plausible policy choice., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Even though remittance inflow in Bangladesh is a significant earning source for recipient individuals and one of the vital factors to the development model, its environmental impacts have been ignored in the empirical investigation. To fill this research gap, this article aims to elucidate the asymmetric effectiveness of remittance inflow on environmental degradation in Bangladesh by addressing foreign aid as an additional multiplier in a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions model, a first for this country. This paper, in doing so, utilizes the newly advanced nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag (NARDL) approach. Data examined are yearly observations throughout 1980-2016, and empirically, the results of the NARDL bound test confirm a long-run cointegrated causality between remittance and CO 2 emissions via approving the theoretical linkage. The asymmetric findings interpret that the intensity of CO 2 emissions raises in the long run relative to the positive shock in remittance, while the elasticity of CO 2 emissions is significant and negative due to the negative shock in remittance. The estimation also reveals the presence of a long-run asymmetric association between the variables. In addition, foreign aid is favorable to ameliorate the quality of the environment over a long period. Focusing on the findings, this paper recommends that the government should concentrate on environment favorable projects and also take measures of tax incentives to remittance investors., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Even if developing nations are entitled to take part in the attempts of decreasing carbon emissions to elude alarming environment change, the consequences of carbon lessening goals in Human Development Index of developing nations continue an issue of dispute. Based on the decoupling relationship and index decomposition, the aim of the study is for determining the nexus between the Human Development Index and CO 2 emissions from the year 1990 to 2018 in Bangladesh. The outcomes exposed that Bangladesh accomplished weak and strong decoupling all through the analysis time. From the index decomposition of different factors point of view, it is revealed that variation in economic activity factor produces a significant amount of CO 2 emissions which is 0.0623 tonnes, and in terms of percentage, it stands for 105%. While energy intensity and economic structure factors act an indiscernible part in the rise of CO 2 emissions and in terms of percentage, it stands for 10.77% and 2.77%, respectively. Contrary, CO 2 emissions' coefficient and energy structure factors are liable for decrease carbon emissions to some extent, and in terms of percentage, it replicates 7.27% and 11.97%, respectively. Based on the outcomes, the paper offers regulations for the energy policymaker of Bangladesh on carbon emissions' alleviation policies and an important decision-making indication to speed up low-carbon growth., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Most researchers consider CO 2 emissions to be the primary indicator of environmental degradation. Similarly, ecological footprint appears to be a significant proxy for environmental degradation in recent research due to its multifaceted impact on the natural environment. With this in mind, this study investigates fluctuations in CO 2 emissions and ecological footprint as indicators of environmental degradation in Bangladesh from 1980 to 2020, and how they are influenced by net savings, natural resource depletion, technological innovation, and democracy. The non-linear ARDL (NARDL)-based asymmetric analysis finds that positive changes in net savings, natural resource depletion, and democracy positively impact both parameters of environmental degradation in the long run. On the other hand, a positive change in technological innovation reduces these parameters in the long run. Likewise, negative changes in net savings and technological innovation reduce environmental degradation. In contrast, negative changes in natural resource depletion and democracy exacerbate these two parameters and degrade environmental quality in the long run. However, there are some variations in the short-run influence of the predictors on the predicted variable. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that policymakers must strategically exploit natural resources, net savings, technology diffusion, and democratic principles to preserve the natural environment in Bangladesh., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The current paper examines the effect of public-private partnerships investment in energy (PPIE) on CO 2 emissions while taking economic growth (GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), and trade openness (TOP) into consideration for Bangladesh from 1997 to 2019. This paper utilizes Bayer and Hanck cointegration approach, fully modified ordinary least squares, dynamic ordinary least squares, canonical regression, and frequency domain causality technique. The outcome of this paper reveals that (i) the cointegrating association among PPIE, GDP, FDI, TOP, and CO 2 emissions is verified; (ii) PPIE, GDP, and TOP affect environmental sustainability negatively; (iii) in the long term, PPIE, FDI, and TOP Granger-cause CO 2 emissions in Bangladesh. This research suggests technical development for a greener production procedure and public-private partnership funding in green energy. Therefore, as a policy endorsement, this study proposes to invest in the latest technological advancements to manufacture environmentally sustainable goods via public-private partnerships., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The CO2 emission is more than 36 billion tons per year in global scale. As carbon dioxide emission raises global temperature by trapping solar energy in the atmosphere, research is ongoing to facilitate the capture of CO2 with high efficiency. While CO2 footprint of Bangladesh is relatively low, with upcoming coal-based power plants (>17000 MW) in the next decade, fossil CO2 emission will increase significantly. To understand the underlying benefit of CO2 capture process, cradle-to-gate life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) of the power plants using fossil sources (e.g. natural gas, coal) can provide an in-depth insight. This paper aims to conduct life cycle impact assessment on natural gas and coal (sub critical and supercritical) fired power plants with and without CO2 capture facility for comparison of overall impact on the environment. An open source software titled OpenLCA was used to carry out LCIA and study different impact parameters (i.e. green-house gas emission, toxicity and ozone layer depletion). It was found that the CO2 emission from super-critical pulverized coal (SCPC) and subcritical pulverized coal (Sub-PC) fired power plants could be brought down by more than 80% using CO2 capture facility. Along with capture, it is equally important to ensure proper sinks for this captured CO2. As Bangladesh has no dedicated geological reservoir for CO2 storage, potential sink for captured CO2 could be immediate utilization after capture. This paper also presents preliminary results on utilizing CO2 through mineralization during preparation of alternative admixture and construction materials. Due to the ever-growing real-estate sector of Bangladesh, there is great potential in capturing and utilizing CO2 through construction activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to scrutinize the validity of the greenhouse emissions-induced environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis, controlling for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consumption, FDI inflows, and trade openness, in the context of six South Asian economies. Besides, the impacts of LPG use on both aggregate and disaggregated emissions of greenhouse gases are also evaluated. Using annual data from 1980 to 2016, the elasticity estimates from the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) regression analysis confirms the authenticity of the EKC hypothesis for Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Bhutan. In the cases of Pakistan and Nepal, economic growth, in the long-run, is evidenced to monotonically increase and decrease the greenhouse emissions, respectively. However, LPG consumption is found to homogenously reduce all types of greenhouse emissions in each of the selected South Asian nations. Moreover, in majority of the cases, statistical evidence of joint favorable impacts of economic growth and LPG consumption on the environment are ascertained. Furthermore, the Hacker and Hatemi-J bootstrapped causality analysis finds causal relationships between economic growth, greenhouse emissions, and LPG consumption. However, the causality estimates are found to be heterogeneous across the different South Asian nations considered in the analysis. The results, in a nutshell, denote that economic growth is both the cause and the solution to the greenhouse emission problems faced by the South Asian economies. Moreover, the results also assert that LPG can be a transitional fuel to reduce these emissions before the South Asian nations are ready to undergo transition from non-renewable to renewable energy consumption. Hence, the findings impose key fuel-diversification policy implications for the South Asian governments.

The transportation sector has a dominant contribution to the fast-growing economy of the developing country Bangladesh. However, the nature of operating the transportation sector in the country requires an excessive amount of fossil energy which causes the rise of CO 2 emissions. Ascertaining the impending factors and technologically to conserve energy, as well as governing CO 2 emissions from this sector, are essential to attain sustainable development. The paper endeavors to determine the decomposition of driving factors that affect the relationship between Bangladesh's transport sector development and CO 2 emissions due to energy consumption from the year 1990 to 2017 using the Logarithmic-Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) model. The decomposition factors are fragmented into five elements through consideration of five fossil energies which are used in Bangladesh's transportation sector. The result reveals a 106.94% growth of aggregate CO 2 emissions in the transportation sector of Bangladesh. The results also show that aggregate influence of economic activity factor, population factor, economic structure factor, and energy intensity factor liable in increase CO 2 emissions to 66.03%, 23.56%, 7.64%, and 6.25% respectively. On the contrary, the energy structure factor is accountable for the decrease in CO 2 emissions to - 0.80%. Thus, the Bangladesh Government should proliferate mass responsiveness programs and cope with economic development through emphasizing quality of development rather than quantity which will ensure sustainable transport sector development.

The objective of this paper is to appraise the decomposition along with decoupling elements that affected the nexus between energy-related CO 2 emissions and the economic development of Bangladesh by applying the logarithmic mean Divisia index and Tapio model. The paper provides an effective policy that will enable Bangladesh to improve its environmental aspect and stimulate sustainable economic development. The analysis comprehends three economic sectors, and the decoupling determinative is fragmented into five elements. The results revealed that Bangladesh achieved weak decoupling throughout the analysis cycles except between the cycles of 1990-1991, 1992-1993, 1995-1996, 1997-1999, 2003-2004, 2012-2013, and 2015-2017 in which a strong decoupling occurred. From the disintegration of various components' frame of reference, it can be seen that change in scale effect causes a substantial increase in carbon emissions and economic structure together, whereas energy intensity plays an imperceptible role in the increase in carbon emissions. On the other hand, the emission is the only element that is responsible for a decrease in carbon emissions. From a comparative sectoral analysis point of view, scale effects are liable for increasing carbon emissions in all three sectors. Hence, precautionary information campaign should be taken to communicate a comprehensive countrywide moderation strategy and appropriate modification engagements for initiating a low-carbon community.

Mitigating environmental pollution has become a global agenda keeping the sustainability of socioeconomic and environmental development into cognizance. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to evaluate the authenticity of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the context of Bangladesh; particularly controlling for different types of energy consumption including coal, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, refined petroleum oil, and hydropower. The results from the robust econometric analysis, accounting for multiple structural break concerns in the data, authenticate the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Besides, the predicted economic growth thresholds are found to be higher than the current level which indicates that Bangladesh is still at a development phase where the nation is trading-off environmental deterioration for economic expansion. Moreover, the results also show that consumption of coal and refined petroleum oils increase emissions of carbon dioxide and aggregate greenhouse gases while higher consumption of natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and hydropower are seen to abate these emissions. Thus, in line with these findings, it can be asserted that both natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas can function as transitionary fuels to mitigate environmental pollution in Bangladesh before the nation can completely undergo renewable energy transition. Hence, these findings impose key policy takeaways concerning energy diversification and environmental sustainability in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transportation sector has a dominant contribution to the fast-growing economy of the developing country Bangladesh. However, the nature of operating the transportation sector in the country requires an excessive amount of fossil energy which causes the rise of CO2 emissions. Ascertaining the impending factors and technologically to conserve energy, as well as governing CO2 emissions from this sector, are essential to attain sustainable development. The paper endeavors to determine the decomposition of driving factors that affect the relationship between Bangladesh's transport sector development and CO2 emissions due to energy consumption from the year 1990 to 2017 using the Logarithmic-Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) model. The decomposition factors are fragmented into five elements through consideration of five fossil energies which are used in Bangladesh's transportation sector. The result reveals a 106.94% growth of aggregate CO2 emissions in the transportation sector of Bangladesh. The results also show that aggregate influence of economic activity factor, population factor, economic structure factor, and energy intensity factor liable in increase CO2 emissions to 66.03%, 23.56%, 7.64%, and 6.25% respectively. On the contrary, the energy structure factor is accountable for the decrease in CO2 emissions to − 0.80%. Thus, the Bangladesh Government should proliferate mass responsiveness programs and cope with economic development through emphasizing quality of development rather than quantity which will ensure sustainable transport sector development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major aim of this study is to explore the impact of macroeconomic indicators on the carbon dioxide emission in the ASEAN stated from 1975 to 2016 by using the World Bank Data. To fulfill this objective, the GDP, FDI, non-renewable energy, and industrialization are considered as independent variables, CO2 emission as a dependent variable, and population growth as a controlling variable used to justify the wrong trade-off. India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Nepal based ASEAN countries are majorly studied for data analysis. In this research methodology, Panel corrected the standard error for the statics estimation approach, and also one step generalized moment's method for the dynamic estimation approach is specifically used in the data evaluation. Both dynamics and static estimations indicate GDP, FDI, non-renewable energy, and industrialization caused a significant positive impact on the carbon dioxide emission, where the presence of population growth acts as a strong controlling variable that boosts the impact of macroeconomic indicators on the CO2 emission. This current study is an informative approach in front of the ASEAN administration, policymakers, business community and their local natives to consider their socio-environmental responsibilities in the advanced economic development phase. In addition, these research findings are a new contribution to the existing literature. However, there are some deficiencies within its variables selection like lack of green marketing and literacy rate as the controlling variables may affect the authenticity and reliability of the analyzed data, which can be overcome by upcoming researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depending on how it functions and is organized, the financial system can have a negative, positive, or zero impact on the environment. For Bangladesh, the empirical relationship between financial development and the environment, measured in terms of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita, is analysed over the period 1980 to 2020. This is the first such analysis for this country. We perform this within a non-linear bound testing framework while controlling for changes in energy consumption, gross domestic product, and trade volume. There are two key findings. One, we find that the relationship between CO2 emissions per capita and financial development is cointegrating, with the direction of cointegration running from financial development to CO2 emissions. Two, we find that positive and negative changes in financial development have asymmetric impacts on CO2 emissions in the long and short run. The implications of these findings are discussed regarding their attendant environmental policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the role of socio-economic and female indicators on child mortality in Bangladesh from the data of 1975 – 2019. A number of econometric techniques of time series analysis like Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Autoregressive Distributive Lag bounds and pair-wise Granger causality tests have been applied to ascertain the desired outcomes. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test has confirmed that neither series is integrated at level two and the Autoregressive Distributive Lag bounds testing approach has shown the cointegration and short-run and long-run relationship between the variables. Total fertility rate and urbanization have a positive effect, and female education, female life expectancy at birth, and economic growth rate have a negative effect on the child mortality rate. The pair-wise Granger causality test has shown the unidirectional and bidirectional causal relationship among the studied variables. All the outcomes are theoretically consistent and the policy recommendations are made based on findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electricity sector is the biggest emitter of greenhouse gases in Bangladesh, and the country has the target to reduce these emissions and follow an environmentally sustainable development strategy. In this study, we explore how population growth, affluence and energy technology factors affect the emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions from the electricity sector in Bangladesh. This study employs an extended stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence and technology model, using ridge regression for the analysis, covering a period from 1995 to 2014. The study also examines the presence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) with respect to greenhouse gas emissions. We find that the chief drivers of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions are population, affluence, urbanization and the carbon intensity of fuels. Energy intensity affects carbon dioxide and methane emissions. Transmission losses do not have a significant positive influence on emissions of any of the gases except carbon dioxide. Our results also show that there is no evidence of the EKC with respect to greenhouse gases in the electricity sector. Our study suggests that Bangladesh should have policies promoting a cleaner energy mix, reduce the use of fossil fuels, and increase energy efficiency technologies to counter the polluting effects of a growing power sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An IHMS for southern divisions of Bangladesh has been designed and optimized. • Real time field meteorological data of solar, wind and temperature has been used. • The estimation of the reduction of NPC, COE, CO 2 emissions have been reported. • Voltage, Power and Frequency responses reported considering dispatch strategies. • Simulation results from HOMER Pro and MATLAB Simulink have been represented. • Sustainable development and uninterrupted power supply assured from the analysis. This paper evaluates the design and optimization of an islanded hybrid microgrid for various load dispatch strategies by assessing the optimal sizing of each component, the power system responses and different cost analysis of the microgrid. Four divisions of the northern side of Bangladesh namely, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Rajshahi and Sylhet hybrid microgrids incorporating solar PV, wind turbine, battery storage, diesel generator and a load of 27.31 kW have been optimized for five different dispatch strategies: (i) Load Following, (ii) Cycle Charging, (iii) Generator Order, (iv) Combined Dispatch and (v) HOMER predictive dispatch strategy. The proposed microgrids have been optimized to reduce the Net Present Cost, CO 2 emission and Levelized Cost of Energy. All the five dispatch strategies for the four microgrids have been analyzed in HOMER Pro, and subsequently, the power system responses and feasibility analysis of the microgrids have been performed in MATLAB Simulink. The results obtained in this study provide a guideline to estimate component sizes and costs for the optimal operation of the proposed microgrids under various load dispatch scenarios. The simulation results suggest that the Load Following is the best dispatch strategy having the lowest Net Present Cost of 149,794 USD, Levelized Cost of Energy of 0.204 USD/kWh, Operating cost of 3,698 USD and CO 2 emission of 3,298 kg/year with a stable power system response. Combined Dispatch is found to be the worst strategy having the maximum Levelized Cost of Energy of 0.532 USD/kWh, Net Present Cost of 415,030 USD, Operating cost of 15,394 USD and Green House Gas emissions of 17,266 kg/year and comparatively poor power system responses. Finally, a brief comparative analysis has been presented between designed microgrid system and other hybrid energy systems and conventional power stations in terms of Levelized Cost of Energy, Net Present Cost, CO 2 emissions and operating cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few decades, developing countries continued to increase their manufacturing industries' phenomenal growth rate. Due to the emergence of globalization, these developing countries are getting economic growth at the cost of environmental pollution. In this context, the extent of linkages between globalization and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has been investigated over the time period of 1972–2013 in South Asian countries. The econometric and graphical analyses are found U-shape association between globalization and CO2 emissions in Nepal, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, and an inverted U-shape relationship is observed in Pakistan and Bhutan. Moreover, results have shown that there exists a bi-directional causality between globalization and CO2 emissions in Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. This indicates that globalization is increasing CO2 emissions and CO2 emissions impact globalization by economic growth. However, after some threshold level, globalization is responsible for decreasing CO2 emissions in Pakistan and Bhutan. For the first time, globalization is incorporated in the economic analysis, showing the U-shape and inverted U-shape associations between globalization and CO2 emissions. This study suggests some strong policy recommendations to consider globalization as cost-effective tool to achieve sustainable economic growth in South Asian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]