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The innovation capability largely determines the initiative for future development of a region. Higher school is the main position for training innovative talents. Accurate and comprehensive assessment of innovation cultivation capability is an important basis of higher schools for continuous improvement. Thus, this paper focuses on assessing innovative talent cultivation capability. First, by CIPP model (Context, Input, Process and Product Evaluation), an assessment indicator system is built, consisting of 89 indicators in 21 categories. Then, based on indicator characteristics, this paper uses public data statistics, database retrieving, student survey, teacher survey, support personnel and expert investigation, to collect indicator values. After this, by a powerful machine learning algorithm, gradient Boosting regression tree, a capability assessment model is established. And based on collected data, established model is compared with several regression models in innovative talent cultivation capability assessing. Results confirm the performance superiority of our solution.

This paper proposes an online learning platform learner DM method based on the improved fuzzy C clustering (FCM) algorithm, constructs a learner feature database, and combines clustering analysis and SPSS statistical methods to statistically summarize the big data of law, thus improving the deficiencies of static and absolute classification of students in the student model. In the experiment paper, the improved algorithm is implemented and the experimental data is analyzed. The results show that the learner behavior feature extraction model in this paper has fewer errors and higher recall rate. Compared with the traditional CF algorithm, the error rate is reduced by 19.64% and the recall rate is increased by 22.85%. This study provides better targeted teaching programs and case resources for legal case teaching and promotes the innovation of legal case teaching mode.

The intelligent city pilot policy is a major measure in China to promote urban development from factor driven and investment driven to innovation driven. Intelligent city construction can effectively coordinate specialized production factors and information sharing mechanism, promote digital information technology innovation, promote smart industry cluster, and expand ecological scenarios of clean industry application, so as to reduce carbon emissions. This paper reveals the internal mechanism of intelligent city construction to promote carbon emission reduction. Based on the quasi-natural experiments carried out in three batches of pilot construction of intelligent cities since 2012, the difference-in-difference model (DID) is used to identify its impact on urban carbon emissions. The research results show that the pilot construction of intelligent cities is conducive to reducing carbon emissions, which is still robust under multiple scenarios such as placebo test and endogenous test. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the pilot policies have a more significant carbon emission reduction effect on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, non-resource-based cities, and non-old industrial bases. After further quantitative analysis of 917 pilot policy texts based on Simhash algorithm, Jieba word segmentation, and word frequency statistics, it is found that intelligent industry policies reduce carbon emissions by driving data elements agglomeration and optimizing industrial structure, while intelligent government and intelligent people's livelihood policies improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions through green technological innovation. Counterfactual tests using machine learning algorithms show that the later the pilot batch, the better the sustainable carbon emission reduction effect of intelligent city pilot policies., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The goal is to promote the healthy and stable development of music education in China. The time-frequency sequence topology in frequency domain can improve the effect of convolution operation. Therefore, this paper applies the above algorithms to classical music education, including the recognition of classical instruments, the feature extraction and recognition of classical music, and the quality evaluation of classical music education. The quality of the music quality evaluation system can be judged according to the correlation between the output results and the subjective evaluation. The higher the correlation, the better the music quality evaluation method. Through relevant experiments, it is proved that DTW score alignment and end-to-end are more successful in extracting the features of classical music, and more accurate in identifying classical instruments. The objective evaluation method of pronunciation teaching quality is more objective and accurate than P.563 music teaching quality evaluation.

In response to the problem of inaccurate classification of big data information in traditional English teaching ability evaluation algorithms, this paper proposes an English teaching ability estimation algorithm based on big data fuzzy K-means clustering. Firstly, the article establishes a constraint parameter index analysis model. Secondly, quantitative recursive analysis is used to evaluate the capabilities of big data information models and achieve entropy feature extraction of capability constrained feature information. Finally, by integrating big data information fusion and K-means clustering algorithm, the article achieves clustering and integration of indicator parameters for English teaching ability, prepares corresponding teaching resource allocation plans, and evaluates English teaching ability. The experimental results show that using this method to evaluate English teaching ability has good information fusion analysis ability and improves the accuracy of teaching ability evaluation and the efficiency of teaching resource application.

Clouds are crucial in regulating the Earth's energy budget. Global cloud top heights have been easily retrieved from satellite measurements, but there are few methods for determining cloud base height (CBH) from satellite measurements. The Cloud Base Altitude Spatial Extrapolator (CBASE) algorithm was proposed to derive the height of the lower-troposphere liquid cloud base by using the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal polarization cloud aerosol LiDAR (CALIOP) profiles and weather observations at airports from aviation routine and special weather report (METARs and SPECIs, called METAR) observation data in the United States. A modification to the CBASE algorithm over China (CNMETAR-CBASE) is presented in this paper. In this paper, the ability of the CBASE algorithm to calculate CBH in China is evaluated, and METAR observations over China (CNMETAR) were then used to modify the CBASE algorithm. The results including CNMETAR observation data in China can better retrieve CBH over China compared with the results using the original CBASE algorithm, and the accuracy of the global CBH results has been improved. Overestimations of CBH with the original algorithm range from 500 to 800 m in China, which have been reduced to about 300 m with an improved algorithm. The deviations calculated by the algorithm also have a significant reduction, from 480 m (CBASE) to 420 m (CNMETAR-CBASE). In conclusion, the modified CBASE algorithm not only calculates the CBH more accurately in China but also improves the results of the global CBH retrieved from satellites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud model similarity algorithm is an important part of cloud modelling theory. Most of the existing cloud model similarity algorithms suffer from poor discriminability, poor classification, unstable results, and low time efficiency. In this paper, a new similarity algorithm is proposed that considers the triangular cloud model distance and shape. First, according to the D T distance formula, a new exponential closeness measure is defined, with which the distance similarity of cloud models is characterized. Then, the shape similarity is calculated according to the variance of the cloud model cloud drops. Finally, the two similarities are synthesized to define a similarity algorithm for determining the distance from the D T distance formula and shape based on the triangular cloud model (DDTSTCM). In this paper, discriminability, stability, efficiency and theoretical interpretability are taken as the evaluation indices. Equipment security system capability evaluation experiment, cloud model differentiation simulation experiment and time series classification accuracy experiment are set up to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm in terms of the four above aspects. The experimental results show that DDTSTCM has good differentiation and excellent classification effects. In the classification experiment for the time series, the average classification accuracy of DDTSTCM reaches 91.78%, which is at least 2.78% higher than those of the other seven commonly used algorithms. The CPU running efficiency of DDTSTCM is also extremely high, and the average CPU running time of group training is always on the order of milliseconds, which effectively reduces the time cost. Finally, a case study is conducted to analyse a risk assessment problem for China's island microgrid industry, and the evaluation results based on DDTSTCM are in line with human cognition and have good value for engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of risk assessment, the traditional econometric models are generally used to assess credit risk. And with the introduction of the "dual-carbon" goals to promote the development of a low-carbon economy, the scale of green credit in China has rapidly expanded. But with the advent of the big data era, due to the poor interpretability of a traditional single machine learning model, it is difficult to capture nonlinear relationships, and there are shortcomings in prediction accuracy and robustness. This paper selects the adjusted ensemble learning model based on the homogeneous and heterogeneous factors for user default prediction, which can efficiently process large quantities of high-dimensional data. This article adjusts each model to adapt to the task and innovatively compares various models. In this paper, the missing value filling method, feature selection, and ensemble model are studied and discussed, and the optimal ensemble model is obtained. When comparing the predictions of single models and ensemble models, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1-Score, Kappa, and MCC of Categorical Features Gradient Boosting (CatBoost) and Random undersampling Boosting (RUSBoost) all reach 100%. The experimental results prove that the algorithm based on adjusted homogeneous and heterogeneous ensemble learning can predict the user default efficiently and accurately. This paper also provides some references for establishing a risk assessment index system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractional-order derivative is attracting more and more attention of researchers in image processing because of its better property in restoring more texture than the total variation. To improve the performance of fractional-order variation model in image restoration, a truncated fractional-order variation model was proposed in Chan and Liang [Truncated fractional-order variation model for image restoration, J. Oper. Res. Soc. China]. In this paper, we propose a dual approach to solve this truncated fractional-order variation model on noise removal. The proposed algorithm is based on the dual approach proposed by Chambolle [An algorithm for total variation minimisation and applications, J. Math Imaging Vis. 20 (2004), pp. 89–97]. Conversely, the Chambolle's dual approach can be treated as a special case of the proposed algorithm with fractional order α = 1. The work of this paper modifies the result in Zhang et al. [Adaptive fractional-order multi-scale method for image denoising, J. Math. Imaging Vis. 43(1) (2012), pp. 39–49. Springer Netherlands 0924–9907, Computer Science, pp. 1–11, 2011], where the convergence is not analysed. Based on the truncation, the convergence of the proposed dual method can be analysed and the convergence criteria can be provided. In addition, the accuracy of the reconstruction is improved after the truncation is taken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ith the rapid development of technology, processing the explosive growth of meteorological data on traditional standalone computing has become increasingly time-consuming, which cannot meet the demands of scientific research and business. Therefore, this paper proposes the implementation of the parallel Clustering Large Application based upon RANdomized Search (CLARANS) clustering algorithm on the Spark cloud computing platform to cluster China’s climate regions using meteorological data from 1988 to 2018. The aim is to address the challenge of applying clustering algorithms to large datasets. In this paper, the morphological similarity distance is adopted as the similarity measurement standard instead of Euclidean distance, which improves clustering accuracy. Furthermore, the issue of local optima caused by an improper selection of initial clustering centers is addressed by utilizing the max-distance criterion. Compared to the k-means clustering algorithm already implemented in the Spark platform, the proposed algorithm has strong robustness, can reduce the interference of outliers in the dataset on clustering results, and has higher parallel performance than the frequently used serial algorithms, thus improving the efficiency of big data analysis. This experiment compares the clustered centroid data with the annual average meteorological data of representative cities in the five typical meteorological regions that exist in China, and the results show that the clustering results are in good agreement with the meteorological data obtained from the National Meteorological Science Data Center. This algorithm has a positive effect on the clustering analysis of massive meteorological data and deserves attention in scientific research activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the intensification of urbanization, characterized by increasingly dense land use, the proliferation of high-rise residences has emerged as a predominant housing solution, particularly evident in developed cities like those in China. With a primary aim of enhancing the residential living environment within high-rise structures, this study advocates for a comprehensive whole life cycle perspective. By employing digital technology and conducting experiments centered on a representative case study, this paper focuses on optimizing the functional layout of public activity spaces within high-rise residential projects. Specifically, this article aims to address challenges such as the inadequate configuration and articulation of various public spaces, along with the underutilization of peripheral activity areas. Central to the optimization efforts is the utilization of the Kruskal algorithm, which enables the analysis of flow lines and functions, ultimately leading to the derivation of optimal solutions. Through a detailed analysis of our case study, this paper provides actionable insights into enhancing the feasibility and effectiveness of public spaces within high-rise residential projects. Recognizing the pivotal role of public space layout in shaping residents' living experiences, the importance of addressing this issue early in the design phase was emphasized. By integrating scientifically driven digital technology solutions, smart, inclusive, and convenient communities that cater to the diverse needs of their inhabitants are aspired to be created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In stock trading, a common phenomenon is that the trends of stocks in the same industry are very similar. In contrast, the movements of stocks in different industries are often different. Therefore, applying the same model to all stock trading is inappropriate without distinguishing the industries in which the stocks belong. However, recommending an optimal industry stock trading model is very challenging based on performance evaluation indicators. First, the indicators of the trading model are diverse. Second, the ranking of multiple indicators is often inconsistent. In the paper, we model the problem to be solved as a multi-criteria decision-making process. Therefore, we first divide stock dataset into nine industries according to their main business. Then, we apply several machine learning algorithms as candidate models to generate trading signals. Second, we conduct daily trading backtesting based on the trading signals to obtain multiple performance evaluation indicators. Third, we propose an optimal recommendation algorithm for the industry stock trading model with TODIM. The experimental results in the US stock market and China's A-share market show that the proposed algorithm can get a better trading model out-of-sample industry stock. Moreover, we effectively evaluate the generalization ability of the algorithm based on the proposed metrics. Finally, the proposed long–short portfolios based on the algorithm have achieved returns exceeding the benchmark on most out-of-sample datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-precision evaluations of water environment quality are highly important for improving the accuracy of early warning systems of regional water pollution risk and improving the regional water environment. This paper employs the chimp optimization algorithm (ChOA) to enhance the traditional random forest model, resulting in the chimp optimization algorithm-random forest (ChOA-RF) water quality assessment model for evaluating the Jiansanjiang area in Heilongjiang Province, China. The results show that the overall water environment in Jiansanjiang has the following characteristics: "The water quality of farms in the northwest is poor, and the quality of groundwater is better than that of surface water." Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in surface water and ammonium nitrogen (NH 3 -N), ferrum (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in groundwater are the main pollutants. The TP and TN in surface water and the NH 3 -N in groundwater exceeded the relevant standards, likely due to the excessive application of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers. Additionally, Fe and Mn are harmful native substances. According to these findings, targeted improvement strategies, such as reducing nitrogen fertilizer application, plugging well, and increasing the surface water utilization rate, are proposed. Moreover, the ChOA-RF model is compared with the traditional empirical value model and the particle swarm optimization-random forest (PSO-RF) model. The results show that the ChOA-RF model can effectively reduce the root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error and improve the coefficient of determination. The running time and convergence ability are also better than those of the PSO-RF model, which is a more accurate and efficient machine learning model. The model can be used not only for high-precision evaluation of regional water environment quality but also for other machine learning fields., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Environmental Quality © 2024 American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.)

This paper proposes an optimization scheme for the layout of irregular warehouse spaces based on a class-based storage strategy. Firstly, we transform the irregular warehouse space into several regular rectangular areas. Next, through the class-based storage strategy, we develop an algorithm that converts the non-linear clustering problem of homogeneous shelves into a linear selection problem of different sized regular shelf areas. Finally, a comprehensive shelving clustering algorithm and packing problem with different box sizes selection were constructed, and empirical analysis was conducted based on actual data from Xiangtai Warehouse of State Grid Corporation of China. The results show that the new model not only effectively solves the irregular warehouse layout optimization problem under the class storage strategy but also reduces the complexity of the model and shortens the solution time. It is a universally applicable method with significant value for generalization., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Corn, as one of the three major grain crops in China, plays a crucial role in ensuring national food security through its yield and quality. With the advancement of agricultural intelligence, agricultural robot technology has gained significant attention. High-precision navigation is the basis for realizing various operations of agricultural robots in corn fields and is closely related to the quality of operations. Corn leaf and stalk recognition and ranging are the prerequisites for achieving high-precision navigation and have attracted much attention. This paper proposes a corn leaf and stalk recognition and ranging algorithm based on multi-sensor fusion. First, YOLOv8 is used to identify corn leaves and stalks. Considering the large differences in leaf morphology and the large changes in field illumination that lead to discontinuous identification, an equidistant expansion polygon algorithm is proposed to post-process the leaves, thereby increasing the average recognition completeness of the leaves to 86.4%. Secondly, after eliminating redundant point clouds, the IMU data are used to calculate the confidence of the LiDAR and depth camera ranging point clouds, and point cloud fusion is performed based on this to achieve high-precision ranging of corn leaves. The average ranging error is 2.9 cm, which is lower than the measurement error of a single sensor. Finally, the stalk point cloud is processed and clustered using the FILL-DBSCAN algorithm to identify and measure the distance of the same corn stalk. The algorithm combines recognition accuracy and ranging accuracy to meet the needs of robot navigation or phenotypic measurement in corn fields, ensuring the stable and efficient operation of the robot in the corn field.

This paper explores whether it is feasible to use the RGB color information in images of wheat canopies that were exposed to low temperatures during the growth season to achieve fast, non-destructive, and accurate determination of the severity of any freeze injury it may have incurred. For the study presented in this paper, we compared the accuracy of a number of algorithmic classification models using either meteorological data reported by weather services or the color gradation skewness-distribution from high-definition digital canopy images acquired in situ as inputs against a reference obtained by manually assessing the severity of the freeze injury inflicted upon wheat populations at three experimental stations in Shandong, China. The algorithms we used to construct the models included in our study were based on either K-means clustering, systematic clustering, or naïve Bayesian classification. When analyzing the reliability of our models, we found that, at more than 85%, the accuracy of the Bayesian model, which used the color information as inputs and involved the use of prior data in the form of the reference data we had obtained through manual classification, was significantly higher than that of the models based on systematic or the K-means clustering, which did not involve the use of prior data. It was interesting to note that the determination accuracy of algorithms using meteorological factors as inputs was significantly lower than that of those using color information. We also noted that the determination accuracy of the Bayesian model had some potential for optimization, which prompted us to subject the inputs of the model to a factor analysis in order to identify the key independent leaf color distribution parameters characterizing wheat freeze injury severity. This optimization allowed us to improve the determination accuracy of the model to over 90%, even in environments comprising several different ecological zones, as was the case at one of our experimental sites. In conclusion, our naïve Bayesian classification algorithm, which uses six key color gradation skewness-distribution parameters as inputs and involves the use of prior data in the form of manual assessments, qualifies as a contender for the development of commercial-grade wheat freeze injury severity monitoring systems supporting post-freeze management measures aimed at ensuring food security., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

In this study, we develop a numerical optimization approach to address the challenge of optimal control in the spread of COVID-19. We evaluate the impact of various control strategies aimed at reducing the number of exposed and infectious individuals. Our novel approach employs Legendre wavelets, their derivative operational matrix, and a collocation method to transform the COVID-19 transmission optimal control model into a nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. To solve this problem, we employ a coronavirus optimization algorithm (COVIDOA) to determine the optimal control, state variables, and objective value. We investigate three control plans for this highly contagious disease, focusing on individual protection, rapid detection and treatment, detection with delay in treatment, and environmental viral dispersion as time-based control functions. These strategies are applied within an SEIR-type control model specific to COVID-19 in China, designed to mitigate disease spread. Lastly, we analyze the effects of various parameters within the COVID-19 spread model. Our numerical results highlight the significant impact of strategies that minimize the number of exposed and infectious individuals, particularly those related to rapid detection, detection delay, and environmental viral dispersion, in controlling and preventing the transmission of the COVID-19 virus., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

As China becomes more and more international, the number of people traveling abroad is also increasing. The demand for English recognition is becoming more and more vigorous, and traditional translation software is time-consuming, laborious, and less accurate. This article optimizes the target detection model YOLOV3. Firstly, the image is divided into multiple model structures, and the K-means++ clustering algorithm is used to determine the target detection prior frame value and the high frame of the corresponding frame according to the characteristics of the English image. Then, by using K-means++ clustering algorithm to optimize the anchor parameters, the model structure is better adapted to the English identification dataset scene; finally, the feature information extracted by the DarkNet-53 model is spliced to improve the structure of the YOLOV3 convolutional layer, using 3090 graphics card GPU to perform multiscale training and testing. Experimental results show that the improved YOLOV3 algorithm in this paper has a mAP of 0.95 on the English identification dataset and a detection speed of 50fps, which is 0.11 higher than the mAP before optimization. Therefore, optimizing the YOLOV3 algorithm in this article has a good effect. In the future, English translation will become a necessary software program for Chinese people to go abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied an integrated process planning and scheduling problem from a machining workshop for large-size valves in a valve manufacturing plant. Large-size valves usually contain several key parts and are generally produced in small-series production. Almost all the parts need to be manufactured in the same workshop at the same time in the plant. Facilities have to handle various items in one order, including different models, sizes, and types. It is a classical NP-hard problem on a large scale. An improved NSGA-II algorithm is suggested to obtain satisfactory solutions for makespan and manufacturing costs, which involve large optimization parameters and interactions. A two-section encoding method and an inserting greedy decoding method are chosen to enable the algorithm. The dynamic population update strategy based on dynamic population update and the adaptive mutation technique depending on the population entropy changing rate are selected for enhancing both the solution quality and population diversity. The methodology was successfully implemented in a real-life case at a major valve machining workshop operated by Yuanda Valve Company in China. By taking into account realistic factors and restrictions that have been identified from a real-world manufacturing setting, this technique aids in bridging the knowledge gap between present IPPS research and practical valve production implementations., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Debris flow risk assessment can provide some reference for debris flow prevention and control projects. In risk assessment, researchers often only focus on the impact of objective or subjective indicators. For this purpose, this paper proposed a weight calculation method based on t-distribution and linear programming optimization algorithm (LPOA). Taking 72 mudslides in Beichuan County as an example, this paper used analytic hierarchy process (AHP), entropy weight method (EWM) and variation coefficient method (VCM) to obtain the initial weights. Based on the initial weights, weight intervals with different confidence levels were obtained by t-distribution. Subsequently, the final weights were obtained by LOPA in the 90% confidence interval. Finally, the final weights were used to calculate the risk score for each debris flow, thus delineating the level of risk for each debris flow. The results showed that this paper's method can avoid overemphasizing the importance of a particular indicator compared to EWM and VCM. In contrast, EWM and VCM ignored the effect of debris flow frequency on debris flow risk. The assessment results showed that the 72 debris flows in Beichuan County were mainly dominated by moderate and light risks. Of these, there were 8 high risk debris flows, 24 medium risk debris flows, and 40 light risk debris flows. The excellent triggering conditions provide favorable conditions for the formation of high-risk debris flows. Slightly and moderate risk debris flows are mainly located on both sides of highways and rivers, still posing a minor threat to Beichuan County. The proposed fusion weighting method effectively avoids the limitations of single weight calculating method. Through comparison and data analysis, the rationality of the proposed method is verified, which can provide some reference for combination weighting method and debris flow risk assessment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Wild desert grasslands are characterized by diverse habitats, uneven plant distribution, similarities among plant class, and the presence of plant shadows. However, the existing models for detecting plant species in desert grasslands exhibit low precision, require a large number of parameters, and incur high computational cost, rendering them unsuitable for deployment in plant recognition scenarios within these environments. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a lightweight and fast plant species detection system, termed YOLOv8s-KDT, tailored for complex desert grassland environments. Firstly, the model introduces a dynamic convolutional KernelWarehouse method to reduce the dimensionality of convolutional kernels and increase their number, thus achieving a better balance between parameter efficiency and representation ability. Secondly, the model incorporates triplet attention into its feature extraction network, effectively capturing the relationship between channel and spatial position and enhancing the model's feature extraction capabilities. Finally, the introduction of a dynamic detection head tackles the issue related to target detection head and attention non-uniformity, thus improving the representation of the target detection head while reducing computational cost. The experimental results demonstrate that the upgraded YOLOv8s-KDT model can rapidly and effectively identify desert grassland plants. Compared to the original model, FLOPs decreased by 50.8%, accuracy improved by 4.5%, and mAP increased by 5.6%. Currently, the YOLOv8s-KDT model is deployed in the mobile plant identification APP of Ningxia desert grassland and the fixed-point ecological information observation platform. It facilitates the investigation of desert grassland vegetation distribution across the entire Ningxia region as well as long-term observation and tracking of plant ecological information in specific areas, such as Dashuikeng, Huangji Field, and Hongsibu in Ningxia.

In stand-alone power systems, technical, economic, and environmental (TEE) assessment of hybrid energy systems under uncertainty is an important issue. This paper focuses on the TEE assessment of a stand-alone hybrid energy system composed of photovoltaic (PV) and diesel generator (DG) with/without battery energy storage (BS) in remote islands in China. So, determining the optimal sizes of PV and DG with/without BS for economic, reliable, and efficient operation of a hybrid power system in a microgrid is important. For this goal, a modified swarm intelligence algorithm is used to optimize, techno-economic feasibility and avoid potential CO 2 emission. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the modified swarm intelligence algorithm, it is compared with the standard swarm intelligence method and simple simulated annealing method in terms of operational cost reduction and power loss reduction. The aim of the optimization is to minimize the cost of a stand-alone solar power system based on diesel engine with/without battery energy storage system by optimal determination of the load uncertainty and CO 2 emission. The optimal results are developed further by performing sensitivity analysis, such as the effect of the fuel cost and the penalty cost of CO 2 emission. Over the case study, simulation results show that the proposed algorithm obtains more promising results in terms of TEE aspects. The reliability, low carbon, and cost-effectiveness of stand-alone solar power systems based on diesel engine with battery energy storage system can be easily calculated using the correlations derived in this analysis. The resulting cost of energy is in the range of 0.2845 to 0.6492 $/kWh., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

In this paper, the Integrated Nested Laplace Algorithm (INLA) is applied to the Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model, and the parameters of the ETAS model are obtained for the earthquake sequences active in different regions of Xinjiang. By analyzing the characteristics of the model parameters over time, the changes in each earthquake sequence are studied in more detail. The estimated values of the ETAS model parameters are used as inputs to forecast strong aftershocks in the next period. We find that there are significant differences in the aftershock triggering capacity and aftershock attenuation capacity of earthquake sequences in different seismic regions of Xinjiang. With different cutoff dates set, we observe the characteristics of the earthquake sequence parameters changing with time after the mainshock occurs, and the model parameters of the Ms7.3 earthquake sequence in Hotan region change significantly with time within 15 days after the earthquake. Compared with the MCMC algorithm, the ETAS model fitted with the INLA algorithm can forecast the number of earthquakes in the early period after the occurrence of strong aftershocks more effectively and can forecast the sudden occurrence time of earthquakes more accurately., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

This study introduces a novel approach to adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC) by leveraging multi-objective deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques. The proposed scheme aims to optimize control strategies at intersections while concurrently addressing the objectives of safety, efficiency, and decarbonization. Traditional ATSC schemes primarily emphasize traffic efficiency and often lack the ability to adapt to real-time dynamic traffic conditions. To overcome these limitations, the study proposes a DRL-based ATSC algorithm that integrates the Dueling Double Deep Q Network (D3QN) framework. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated through a simulated intersection in Changsha, China. Specifically, the proposed ATSC algorithm outperforms both traditional ATSC and ATSC with efficiency optimization only algorithms by achieving more than a 16% reduction in traffic conflicts and a 4% reduction in carbon emissions. In terms of traffic efficiency, waiting time reduces by 18% compared to traditional ATSC, but slightly increases (0.64%) compared to DRL-based ATSC algorithm that integrates D3QN framework. This small increase indicates a trade-off between efficiency and other objectives such as safety and decarbonization. Moreover, the proposed scheme demonstrates superior performance specifically in highly traffic-demand scenarios in terms of all three objectives. The findings of this study contribute to the advancement of traffic control systems by providing a practical and effective solution for optimizing signal control strategies in real-world traffic scenarios., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The integrated energy systems, usually including electric energy, natural gas and thermal energy, play a pivotal role in the energy Internet project, which could improve the accommodation of renewable energy through multienergy complementary ways. Focusing on the regional integrated energy system composed of electrical microgrid and natural gas network, a fault risk warning method based on the improved RelieF-softmax method is proposed in this paper. The raw data-set was first clustered by the K-maxmin method to improve the preference of the random sampling process in the RelieF algorithm, and thereby achieved a hierarchical and non-repeated sampling. Then, the improved RelieF algorithmis used to identify the feature vectors, calculate the feature weights, and select the preferred feature subset according to the initially set threshold. In addition, a correlation coefficient method is applied to reduce the feature subset, and further eliminate the redundant feature vectors to obtain the optimal feature subset. Finally, the softmax classifier is used to obtain the early warnings of the integrated energy system. Case studies are conducted on an integrated energy system in the south of China to demonstrate the accuracy of fault risk warning method proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction and operation of China's rail transit system have entered a high-speed development stage, and the rapid increase of train speed and mileage has brought greater challenges to the safety and reliability of the rail transit system. Network planning evaluation is the key to the early decision-making of urban rail transit project, which directly determines the success or failure of the whole project. How to scientifically and reasonably evaluate the urban rail transit information resource network planning has become a difficult problem for many urban planners to solve. Therefore, this paper studies the optimization of the communication resource allocation algorithm and the comprehensive evaluation of its application for urban rail transit planning. In this paper, based on CVNN structure, the network prototype is an extension of RVNN structure. In the abstract, its processing unit is composed of a pair of real-number processors that can realize certain operations. HNN is a fully connected recurrent neural network based on the idea of the energy function, which is helpful to understand the calculation mode of HNN, and the research shows that HNN can solve many combinatorial optimization problems. In addition, the combination of neural network and genetic algorithm with simulated annealing mechanism can also bring new directions for research. On the basis of experimental analysis, it can be concluded that in general, the error reduction rate of the optimization scheme designed in this paper can reach 58.6% on average. In practical application, the accuracy of the optimal bit error rate is 52.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multi-objective optimisation of high-speed rail profile with small radius curve is studied in the paper. A multi-objective mathematical model for rail profile optimisation of high-speed railway is established. The CN60 rail profile is parameterised into a series of generalised functions of design variables. In order to guarantee the smoothness of the rail profile and meet the maximum grinding depth of rail in China, the constraints are employed. The wheel-rail vertical clearance and equivalent conicity of wheelset are taken as objective functions, and a rail wear prediction programme is compiled. Contact line method is employed to complete the detection algorithm of wheel-rail contact points. Finally, NSGA-II Algorithm is adopted to solve the Pareto-optimal front of the optimisation model. A set of solutions are retrieved from the Pareto optimal front solution as the optimised profile. The optimised rail profile and the original rail profile are matched with the LMA wheel profile (a certain worn type of wheel profiles for EMU in China) respectively. It is testified that the rail profile could effectively reduce the rail wear and improve curving performance. The new method proposed in this paper can provide some reference for the optimisation design of high-speed rail profile with small radius curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the economic globalization continuous growth of China's socioeconomic level tends to be internationalized, China's attention to English has been significantly improved. However, the domestic English teaching level is limited, so it is impossible to correct students' English pronunciation and make a reasonable evaluation at all times so that oral training has certain disadvantages. However, the computer-aided language learning system at home and abroad focuses on the practice of words and grammar, and the evaluation indicators are less and not comprehensive. In view of the complexity of English pronunciation changes, traditional speech recognition is difficult to recognize speech speed and improve its accuracy. Furthermore, to strengthen the English pronunciation of domestic students, a nonlinear network structure is studied in depth to simulate the human brain to analyze a model of speech recognition is established Mel frequency cepstrum characteristic parameters of human ear model and deep belief network. In this paper, the traditional computer pronunciation evaluation method is improved in an all-round way, and a set of high-quality speech recognition system of speech recognition method is constructed. Aiming at the above problems, it takes the students as the research, which proves that the method adopted in this paper can give the learners accurate pronunciation quality analysis report and guidance and correct their intonation and improve the learning effect, and the experimental data verify that the improved speech recognition system model recognition ability is higher than the traditional model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding air quality requires a comprehensive understanding of its various factors. Most of the association rule techniques focuses on high frequency terms, ignoring the potential importance of low- frequency terms and causing unnecessary storage space waste. Therefore, a dynamic genetic association rule mining algorithm is proposed in this paper, which combines the improved dynamic genetic algorithm with the association rule mining algorithm to realize the importance mining of low- frequency terms. Firstly, in the chromosome coding phase of genetic algorithm, an innovative multi-information coding strategy is proposed, which selectively stores similar values of different levels in one storage unit. It avoids storing all the values at once and facilitates efficient mining of valid rules later. Secondly, by weighting the evaluation indicators such as support, confidence and promotion in association rule mining, a new evaluation index is formed, avoiding the need to set a minimum threshold for high-interest rules. Finally, in order to improve the mining performance of the rules, the dynamic crossover rate and mutation rate are set to improve the search efficiency of the algorithm. In the experimental stage, this paper adopts the 2016 annual air quality data set of Beijing to verify the effectiveness of the unit point multi-information coding strategy in reducing the rule storage air, the effectiveness of mining the rules formed by the low frequency item set, and the effectiveness of combining the rule mining algorithm with the swarm intelligence optimization algorithm in terms of search time and convergence. In the experimental stage, this paper adopts the 2016 annual air quality data set of Beijing to verify the effectiveness of the above three aspects. The unit point multi-information coding strategy reduced the rule space storage consumption by 50%, the new evaluation index can mine more interesting rules whose interest level can be up to 90%, while mining the rules formed by the lower frequency terms, and in terms of search time, we reduced it about 20% compared with some meta-heuristic algorithms, while improving convergence., Competing Interests: the authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Wu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Realizing the coordination between the economic and environmental systems through a green growth model is an important goal for China to enter the high-quality development stage. Meanwhile, financial technology (fintech) is rapidly developing in China. To explore the relationship between the two, this research uses panel data from 276 cities in China from 2011 to 2022 and empirically tests through constructing econometric models and machine learning algorithms. The empirical result shows that fintech has an impact on green growth. Specifically, there is a U-shaped relationship between fintech and green growth, meaning that before a certain stage, fintech may have a certain inhibitory effect on green growth. After fintech exceeds a certain development level, it will promote the improvement of green growth. Further mediation tests show that innovation plays a mediating role in the impact of fintech on green growth. Additionally, this research also conducts consistency tests based on different criteria including the location, scale, and financial development level of cities. Based on the research findings, policy suggestions are proposed in this paper to promote the development of fintech and stimulate the growth of the green economy. Overall, our research sheds more light on the fintech-green growth linkage and provides new insights into comprehending the role of fintech in advancing towards a low-carbon economy., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Exploring the improvement of classroom teaching effect under the background of sports education integration in China has important practical significance and theoretical value. Integration of yard sports education and classroom course education in the school is a novel concept put forward by China's sports and education circles to deepen the combination of sports and education. Although it is only a word different from the combination of sports and education to integrating sports and course education in the school, it is a groundbreaking theoretical and practical innovation for China in terms of changing the competitive sports development model and cultivating exceptional athletes. It is a new way to promote the sustainable development of sports and education according to the scientific outlook on development. Its fundamental significance is to change the closed state of sports and education departments, put sports and education in the background of economic and social development in a certain region, and fundamentally reform the content and mode of education. Therefore, this paper proposes a comprehensive rating model of classroom teaching effects based on deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) techniques. In this paper, the Jaffe expression dataset is used to train and test the utilized ML and DL models such as ResNet50, random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), K-nearest neighbor (k-NN), and decision tree (DT). Further, with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, the algorithms can objectively evaluate the classroom teaching effect after the integration of physical education with classroom education and provide important guidance for the modernization and intellectualization of China's educational methods in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the rapid economic development, the development speed of all walks of life has entered a new level, and the power industry has also developed rapidly. Driven by market demand, China's power transmission range and power transmission capacity will enter a new level. At the same time, the problems brought about by the development of the power system are equally severe. Due to the large load density in individual areas, the detection of short-circuit current must be improved as an important issue. The purpose of this paper is to study how to improve the practical model of short-circuit current calculation of photovoltaic power plants, so that it can be well applied to the current high-density current detection in China. Therefore, this paper improves the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm and applies it to the practical model of short-circuit current calculation of photovoltaic power plants and describes the improvement process of the algorithm in detail. At the same time, this paper designs relevant experiments and analysis to count the data of the improved RLS algorithm in the short-circuit current calculation of the actual photovoltaic power station and combines the data of this part to test and analyze the ability of the algorithm. The experimental results in this paper show that the improved RLS algorithm has a very good improvement in the calculation accuracy of the short-circuit current calculation of photovoltaic power plants in the actual model calculation. At the same time, the calculation efficiency is also improved, and the current tracking effect is also improved by 7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lack of trust, lack of standards, and low efficiency are the three biggest problems in China's trade financing at present. With the development and application of new generation technologies such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technology, China is in the stage of financial technology 3.0 under the deep integration of finance and technology. In the field of financial technology, the most concerned is the application of blockchain technology in trade finance business. With the successive construction of various blockchain platforms and the acceleration of the internationalization process, the international trade credit risk behind it is also increasing. Among many financial services, trade finance is the most closely integrated field with blockchain technology. In this context, preventing the risks in the business process of international trade enterprises, so as to reduce the cost of financial transactions, improve the effectiveness of financial services, and better serve the real economy is not only the internal development needs of enterprises, but also the national financial strategy needs. In view of the above problems, this paper analyzes the risk factors faced by multinational trading enterprises in the transaction process through the transaction data of some multinational enterprises on mobile phones, and constructs a credit evaluation system of international trading enterprises based on blockchain, in order to enhance the trade risk resistance ability of international trading companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main core of software engineering key technologies is the development of software services, ensuring the scientificity, security, and stability of the application software engineering system. At present, China's economic development urgently needs the support of software engineering technology. Based on the T-ACO algorithm, the scientificity of software engineering and the accuracy of data have been significantly improved compared with traditional software engineering technology. It plays an important role in promoting the follow-up software engineering technology. In order to effectively analyze the key technology of engineering software, an improved ant colony algorithm based on T distribution is proposed in this paper. Because the basic ant colony algorithm is easy to fall into the local optimum and the optimization accuracy is low, in the optimization process, at the beginning of the pheromone update, the introduction of the T distribution is helpful for the basic ant colony algorithm to make up for its shortcomings. Adding pheromone variables to the basic ant colony algorithm improves the diversity of the ant colony, thereby eliminating the limitations of local optimal solutions. At the same time, the T-ACO algorithm also improves the search accuracy and convergence speed of automatic data generation in software engineering. In this paper, the performance of the T-ACO algorithm is simulated by experiments. Experimental analysis shows that when the population size is small, the T-ACO algorithm may sometimes not converge to the optimal solution, but when the population size is large (≥50), the T-ACO algorithm may converge to the optimal solution. It can realize the coverage of the total path by the output test case set. While the other two algorithms can achieve full path coverage, they are not stable, resulting in an average coverage between 90% and 100%. The T-ACO algorithm not only has good accuracy in creating test case sets, but also has good algorithm performance, and it is suitable as a multipath test case creation algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proper application of machine learning and genetic algorithms in the early stage of library design can obtain better all-around building performance. The all-around performance of the library, such as indoor temperature, solar radiation, indoor lighting, etc., must be fully considered in the initial design stage. Aiming at building performance optimization and based on the method of "generative design", this paper constructs the library's comprehensive performance evaluation workflow and rapid prediction combined with the LightGBM algorithm. A library in a cold region of China is taken as the research object to verify its application. In this study, 5000 scheme samples generated in the iterative genetic optimization process were taken as data sets. The LightGBM algorithm was used to classify and predict design schemes, with a precision of 0.78, recall rate of 0.93, and F1-Score of 0.851. This method can help architects to fully exploit the optimization potential of the building's all-around performance in the initial stage of library design and ensure the timely interaction and feedback between design decisions and performance evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large number of insect pests in the forest will seriously affect the construction of forest resources and agriculture in China. In this regard, in order to deeply understand and analyze the existing forest pest detection technology, it is found that it cannot meet practical needs. In order to prevent the harm caused by forest pests, it is necessary to correctly identify the types of pests and take targeted control measures. Therefore, this paper proposes a forest pest detection algorithm based on improved YOLOX. Firstly, aiming at the problem that there are few image data of real deep forest pests in the wild, we use Mosaic, Mixup, and random erasure data enhancement to preprocess the images. Secondly, in order to extract fine-grained features, shallow information is introduced into the existing network architecture, and a two-way cross-scale feature fusion mechanism is adopted. Finally, the improved YOLOX algorithm proposed in this paper has achieved the best results on the public forest pest dataset IP102. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, for China, animation industry is a relatively new and mature emerging national sunrise industry after animation industry, which appears on the world stage more and more frequently and is widely concerned and valued by people from all over the world. Therefore, this paper innovatively uses the convolutional neural network algorithm to innovate the color matching generation of animation characters and improve the traditional technology of color matching for animation characters. In this paper, we mainly use Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network and VGG model, and multiscale discriminator theory and use ACGAN research method. And we study this paper's innovative LMV-ACGAN research method, and we have come to the conclusion that other models have higher collapse rate than this model; this model has higher color matching of anime characters. Color matching improves with the increase of convolutional neural network utilization, etc. Moreover, superior and minor reviews of this study are provided to make later researchers understand this study more rationally and objectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of China's economy, people are eager for an effective way to relieve work pressure and strengthen their health at the same time. Outdoor sport is one of the best choices for people. However, the amount of recommended data on the network is very large. As a result, when people understand outdoor sports through the network, they cannot effectively obtain the information they want. This is the problem of "information overload," and personalized recommendation system can effectively alleviate this problem. In order to effectively recommend outdoor sports to users, a useful attempt was made in the personalized recommendation system for outdoor sports in this paper. The specific work of this paper is as follows: firstly, the current situation of outdoor sports in China was summarized, and the related technologies of the recommendation system were studied, including user modeling technology, recommendation target modeling technology, and recommendation algorithm. In order to obtain better recommendation effect, this paper proposes to mix user-based collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm, project-based collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm, and content-based recommendation algorithm. The hybrid algorithm adopts the way of feature expansion and weighted combination. Firstly, the hybrid model (model 1) of user-based collaborative filtering recommendation and content-based recommendation is obtained. Secondly, the hybrid model (model 2) based on project collaborative filtering recommendation and content-based recommendation was obtained. Finally, model 1 and model 2 were combined together to get a hybrid model with better final recommendation effect. For the common cold start problem in the recommendation system, the system adopts content-based recommendation algorithm to solve it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge map is a new method of knowledge management with the information revolution. This paper is aimed at forming a systematic and standardized huge redundant knowledge structure, which can be used to mine the knowledge structure and the relationship between knowledge and visualize it in a graphical way, in order to obtain more representative information and improve the classification accuracy of text classification model. In this paper, a knowledge map construction method based on the Text CNN algorithm is proposed for the subject of Nautical English. It is of practical significance and academic value to make use of knowledge map to study Chinese Maritime English, which is helpful to the development of Chinese Maritime English and provides guidance. In order to maintain the diversity of particle swarm optimization, the Text CNN algorithm is combined with the construction of Maritime English subject knowledge map, and the network parameters and structure are optimized. Using knowledge map to study China Maritime English has important practical significance and academic value and has certain guiding significance for the development of China Maritime English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately predicting carbon price is crucial for risk avoidance in the carbon financial market. In light of the complex characteristics of the regional carbon price in China, this paper proposes a model to forecast carbon price based on the multi-factor hybrid kernel-based extreme learning machine (HKELM) by combining secondary decomposition and ensemble learning. Variational mode decomposition (VMD) is first used to decompose the carbon price into several modes, and range entropy is then used to reconstruct these modes. The multi-factor HKELM optimized by the sparrow search algorithm is used to forecast the reconstructed subsequences, where the main external factors innovatively selected by maximum information coefficient and historical time-series data on carbon prices are both considered as input variables to the forecasting model. Following this, the improved complete ensemble-based empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise and range entropy are respectively used to decompose and reconstruct the residual term generated by VMD. Finally, the nonlinear ensemble learning method is introduced to determine the predictions of residual term and final carbon price. In the empirical analysis of Guangzhou market, the root mean square error(RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the model are 0.1716, 0.1218 and 0.0026, respectively. The proposed model outperforms other comparative models in predicting accuracy. The work here extends the research on forecasting theory and methods of predicting the carbon price., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Hu, Cheng. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

China's export benefits from the significant fiscal stimulus in the United States. This paper analyzes the global spillover effect of the American economy on China's macro-economy using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)-Gibbs sampling approach, with the goal of improving the ability of China's financial system to protect against foreign threats. This paper examines the theories of the consequences of uncertainty on macroeconomics first. Then, using medium-sized economic and financial data, the uncertainty index of the American and Chinese economies is built. In order to complete the test and analysis of the dynamic relationship between American economic uncertainty and China's macro-economy, a Time Varying Parameter-Stochastic Volatility-Vector Autoregression (TVP- VAR) model with random volatility is constructed. The model is estimated using the Gibbs sampling method based on MCMC. For the empirical analysis, samples of China's and the United States' economic data from January 2001 to January 2022 were taken from the WIND database and the FRED database, respectively. The data reveal that there are typically fewer than 5 erroneous components in the most estimated parameters of the MCMC model, which suggests that the model's sampling results are good. China's pricing level reacted to the consequences of the unpredictability of the American economy by steadily declining, reaching its lowest point during the financial crisis in 2009, and then gradually diminishing. After 2012, the greatest probability density range of 68% is extremely wide and contains 0, indicating that the impact of economic uncertainty in the United States on China's pricing level is no longer significant. China should therefore focus on creating a community of destiny by working with nations that have economic cooperation to lower systemic financial risks and guarantee the stability of the capital market., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Jiamu Hu. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Baseflow is pivotal in maintaining catchment ecological health and improving sustainable economic development. The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is northern China's most important water supplier. However, it faces water shortage due to synergistic effects between natural conditions and anthropogenic activities. Investigating baseflow characteristics quantitively is, therefore, beneficial to promoting the sustainable development of the YRB. In this study, daily ensemble means baseflow data derived from four revised baseflow separation algorithms (i.e., the United Kingdom Institute of Hydrology (UKIH), Lyne-Hollick, Chapman-Maxwell, and Eckhardt methods) - was obtained from 2001 to 2020. Thirteen baseflow dynamics signatures were extracted to investigate baseflow spatiotemporal variations and their determinants across the YRB. The main findings were: (1) There were significant spatial distribution patterns of baseflow signatures, and most signatures had higher values in upstream and downstream reaches than in the middle reaches. There were also mixing patterns with higher values in middle and downstream reaches simultaneously. (2) The magnitude of temporal variation in baseflow signatures was most strongly correlated with catchment terrain (r = -0.4), vegetation growth (r > 0.3), and cropland coverage (r > 0.4). (3) There was a strong synergistic effect of multiple factors (e.g., soil textures, precipitation and vegetation conditions) on baseflow signature values. This study provided a heuristic evaluation of baseflow characteristics in the YRB, contributing to water resources management in the YRB and similar catchments., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Different sub-regions of Zhengzhou city have various levels of sensitivity to flood due to the impact of urbanization. Thus, an accurate flood sensitivities assessment is a key tool for flood prevention and urban planning and development. To successfully link the urban flood sensitivity assessment with the real flood situation, a method combining clustering algorithm with comprehensive evaluation is presented. The proposed method is not affected by the classification standard of sensitivities levels and has a small and undemanding demand for flood data. First, Maximal Information Coefficient between conditional factors and flood is employed to determine the weight. Then, the different results are obtained by three clustering algorithms. Finally, a four-layer evaluation structure weighted by analytic hierarchy process is established to select the best flood susceptibility map. A case study in the Zhengzhou city, China shows that the positive scale amplification strategy is relatively best and the flood sensitivity of sub-regions in Zhengzhou city should be divided into four levels obtained by K-Means clustering. Hence, it supplies the valuable insights for the urban planning and flood mitigation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Tennis is a set of sports and entertainment and a sports activity, since 2014, tennis in China has been another rapid development. With the development of economy and technology, tennis training mode has been further optimized and reformed. At present, tennis training robot is the mainstream way to train athletes. However, there are some defects in the current tennis training robots, such as the low accuracy of human motion real-time evaluation, and the lack of stability. Therefore, this paper puts forward the related research on the real-time evaluation algorithm of human motion in tennis training robots, hoping to make up for the deficiency in this field. The research of this paper is mainly divided into four parts. The first part is to analyze the current situation of technology research in this field and put forward the idea of this paper by analyzing the shortcomings of the existing technology. The second part is the related basic theory research; this part deeply studies the core theory of tennis training and intelligent training robot, which provides a theoretical basis for the realization of the optimization scheme. The third part is the design and implementation of a real-time human motion evaluation optimization algorithm for tennis training robots. At the end of the paper, that is, the fourth part, through the way of field test and investigation, further proves the superiority of the improved real-time evaluation algorithm of human movement. The algorithm has good stability and accuracy and can meet the existing tennis training requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School enterprise cooperation is of great strategic significance to China's manufacturing industry. The Party Central Committee has repeatedly proposed to strengthen the integration of industry and education and deepen the cooperation between schools and enterprises. In recent years, experts and scholars at home and abroad have been from different perspectives, although they have achieved fruitful results, there are also problems such as insufficient attention to theoretical research, relatively backward research, narrow research scope, and so on. In view of this phenomenon, this paper will study a new school-enterprise cooperation mechanism based on the improved decision tree algorithm. The research of this paper is divided into three parts. First, after analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the algorithm, the algorithm of the decision tree is improved, which makes the improved algorithm more suitable for the field of school-enterprise cooperation. Then, based on cloud computing and intelligence, this paper establishes a new model of school-enterprise cooperation platform, which solves some problems of data management and information exchange in school-enterprise cooperation. Finally, in order to make the cooperation mechanism of this paper better used in practice, this paper builds an online and offline hybrid training base, hoping to make the cooperation between schools and enterprises closer through the training base. In order to test the effect of the cooperation model, this paper takes school as the experimental model. After investigation and research, it is believed that thanks to the school-enterprise cooperation mechanism in this paper, the cooperative enterprise of school has been greatly improved in the past three years, and the willingness of enterprises to cooperate has become more and more strong. No matter students, teachers, or enterprises are reaping huge benefits under this cooperation mechanism, it is a suit for extensive promotion The school-enterprise cooperation mechanism of Guangyun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A trend in the development of spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology is the shift from a single-satellite repeated observation mode to a multi-satellite collaborative observation mode. However, current multi-satellite collaborative geolocation algorithms face challenges, such as geometric model mismatch and poor baseline estimation accuracy, arising from highly dynamic changes among multi-satellites. This paper introduces a high-precision and efficient geolocation algorithm for a spaceborne bistatic interferometric SAR (BiInSAR) system based on an improved range–Doppler (IRD) model. The proposed algorithm encompasses three key contributions. Firstly, a comprehensive description of the spatial baseline geometric model unique to the bistatic configuration is provided, with a specific focus on deriving the perpendicular baseline expression. Secondly, IRD geolocation functions are established to meet the specific requirements of the bistatic configuration. Then, a novel BiInSAR geolocation algorithm based on the IRD's functions is proposed, which can significantly improve the target geolocation accuracy by modifying the range–Doppler equation to suit the bistatic configuration. Meanwhile, a low-coupling parallel calculation method is proposed, which can improve the calculation speed by two to three times. Finally, the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm are demonstrated using experimental data acquired by the TH-2 satellite, which is China's first spaceborne BiInSAR system. The experimental results prove that the IRD algorithm exhibits geolocation accuracy with an average error of less than 1 m and a standard deviation of less than 2.5 m while maintaining computational efficiency at a calculation speed of 1,429,678 pixels per second. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solving Rank Constrained Least Squares via Recursive Importance Sketching In statistics and machine learning, we sometimes run into the rank-constrained least squares problems, for which we need to find the best low-rank fit between sets of data, such as trying to figure out what factors are affecting the data, filling in missing information, or finding connections between different sets of data. This paper introduces a new method for solving this problem called the recursive importance sketching algorithm (RISRO), in which the central idea is to break the problem down into smaller, easier parts using a unique technique called "recursive importance sketching." This new method is not only easy to use, but it is also very efficient and gives accurate results. We prove that RISRO converges in a local quadratic-linear and quadratic rate under some mild conditions. Simulation studies also demonstrate the superior performance of RISRO. In this paper, we propose a recursive importance sketching algorithm for rank-constrained least squares optimization (RISRO). The key step of RISRO is recursive importance sketching, a new sketching framework based on deterministically designed recursive projections, and it significantly differs from the randomized sketching in the literature. Several existing algorithms in the literature can be reinterpreted under this new sketching framework, and RISRO offers clear advantages over them. RISRO is easy to implement and computationally efficient, and the core procedure in each iteration is to solve a dimension-reduced least squares problem. We establish the local quadratic-linear and quadratic rate of convergence for RISRO under some mild conditions. We also discover a deep connection of RISRO to the Riemannian Gauss–Newton algorithm on fixed rank matrices. The effectiveness of RISRO is demonstrated in two applications in machine learning and statistics: low-rank matrix trace regression and phase retrieval. Simulation studies demonstrate the superior numerical performance of RISRO. Funding: Y. Luo and A. Zhang were partially supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant CAREER-2203741]. W. Huang was partially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [Grant 20720190060] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 12001455]. X. Li was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 62141407 and 12271107], the Chenguang Program by the Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission [Grant 19CG02], and the Shanghai Science and Technology Program [Grant 21JC1400600]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2023.2445. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese traditional culture is a typical "moral culture," and traditional morality is the core and essence of culture. However, in recent years, the phenomenon of following the trend of rural construction has been particularly serious, and many villages have lost their original features. To solve the above problems, the genetic algorithm can be used to further explore the traditional culture of urbanization construction. A genetic algorithm is a natural evolutionary process that imitates natural selection and genetic operation in nature to obtain optimal solution, in which genetic operation mainly includes the processes of gene replication, crossover, and mutation. This paper studies the traditional culture of urbanization construction based on the genetic algorithm under the concept of environmental protection. Among the accuracy of urban construction land expansion, in 2018, the accuracy of ant colony algorithm, data mining algorithm, and particle swarm optimization algorithm is 58%, 51.8%, and 56.7%, respectively. The accuracy of this genetic algorithm is as high as 58.8%. It can be seen that the genetic algorithm in this paper has the highest accuracy in the expansion of urban construction land. Therefore, in the process of large-scale urbanization based on the genetic algorithm, we should pay attention to not being separated from traditional culture, not letting farmers lose their regional culture, local culture, and grassroots culture, and protecting the cultural-ecological environment on which these cultures depend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the development of value chain mainly shows that the added value is positive; otherwise, the industrial value chain will be eliminated. Therefore, the construction and measurement of the industrial value chain height can effectively avoid the collapse of the industrial value chain caused by the low system value of the value chain. In this paper, the mobile virtualization channel allocation algorithm is used to construct the multi-objective industrial value chain height index, and the actual industrial value chain height in China is measured. This paper first describes the channel allocation algorithm of mobile virtualization, extracts the allocation rules of the algorithm, constructs the model of multi-objective industrial value chain, then measures the value chain of eight regions in China combined with the elements of technology, production, and marketing in the height of value chain, and quantitatively compares the results of value chain height of different regions according to the embeddedness and depth. Finally, it puts forward the improvement scheme for the measurement results and the problems faced by the value chain. The research shows that the average value chain height of South China is about 70.86, while the average value chain height of Northwest China is about 46.58, ranging from 40.58 to 60.45. Through quantitative data, the value chain height of South China is generally higher than that of Northwest China by more than 50%, which may be related to the innovation of technology and the imitation form of production. Therefore, this paper proposes to strengthen the technological innovation in the upstream of the value chain, so as to drive the development of the regional value chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]